Use dmy dates date October 2011 YearInIrelandNav 1931 Events 12 February Sixteen members of the Ennis Dalcassian Gaelic Athletic Association club are expelled for attending the Ennis Nenagh rugby match. 17 March First St. Patrick s Day parade held in the Irish Free State , reviewed by Desmond FitzGerald politician Desmond FitzGerald , Minister of Defense. 3 April Persistent rainfall causes the banks of the River Lee Ireland River Lee to burst. Half the houses in Cork city Cork are flooded. 7 May The Irish Youth Hostel Service, An ige , is established. 17 May Muintir na T re , the rural organisation, is founded by Canon John Hayes. 9 July Dublin born racing driver Kaye Don breaks the world water speed record at Lake Garda , Italy . ref BBC History , July 2011, p.12. ref 13 August Law books return to the rebuilt Four Courts where High Court business resumes after its destruction during the Irish Civil War Civil War . 5 September The first issue of the Irish Press , the newspaper of Fianna F il , goes on sale for 1 Penny Irish pre decimal coin d . 27 September Saor ire s first National Congress takes place in the Iona Hall in Dublin . 4 December The derelict aerodrome at Collinstown in north County Dublin is considered as the site for a new civil airport. Ulster Canal abandoned. ref cite book first Ruth last Delany title A celebration of 250 years of Ireland s Inland Waterways location Belfast publisher Appletree Press year 1986 isbn 0 86281 200 3 ref Arts and literature 25 October ... and politician. 13 October Jimmy O Neill footballer born 1931 Jimmy O Neill , soccer player died 2007 ... Cross for gallantry in 1879 in the Bazar Valley , Afghanistan born 1848 in Ireland 1848 . 23 ... D il ireann constituency Carlow Kilkenny from 1927 to 1931. 28 October Patrick Glynn , Attorney General ... 1889 in Ireland 1889 . References reflist DEFAULTSORT 1931 In Ireland Category 1931 in Ireland Category 1930s in Ireland Category 1931 by country Ireland Category Years of the 20th century in Ireland ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 NOTOC See also 1910 in Afghanistan , 1911 other events of 1911 , and 1912 in Afghanistan . 1911 1918 An Afghan nationalist, Mahmud Beg Tarzi , publishes the periodical Seraj ol Akbar Torch of the News . It is the country s first medium for the intellectual exchange of ideas, and its political influence extends beyond the boundaries of Afghanistan. 1911 Again Afghanistan is happy in having no history . The amir is loyal in carrying out the agreement for the removal of outlaws to beyond fifty miles of the Indian frontier, but this has not wholly stopped the raids. In Afghanistan itself the road between Kabul and Jalalabad is for a considerable time unsafe for traders, but matters improve towards the end of the year. The amir directs much attention to the improvement of the main roads throughout the country, more especially in the direction of Jalalabad and Kandahar. Years in Afghanistan DEFAULTSORT 1911 In Afghanistan Category 1911 by country Afghanistan Category Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan Category 1911 in Asia Afghanistan Category 1911 in Afghanistan ... more details
align right width 280 style margin 0em 0em 0em 1em border color 999999 border style solid border width 1px 1931 apek bgcolor ffffcc colspan 2 Name Name apek Designation 1969 QB bgcolor ffffcc colspan 2 Discovery width 140 Discoverers Lubo Kohoutek Discovery date August 22, 1969 Discovery site Bergedorf Observatory bgcolor ffffcc colspan 2 Orbital elements colspan 2 align center small Epoch astronomy Epoch October 27, 2007 Julian day JDCT 2454400.5 small Eccentricity orbit Eccentricity e 0.2732038 Semimajor axis a 2.5396662 Astronomical unit AU Perihelion q 1.8458197 Astronomical unit AU Aphelion Q 3.2335127 Astronomical unit AU Orbital period P 4.05 Julian year astronomy a Inclination i 8.24834 Longitude of the ascending node 182.51683 Argument of Perihelion 163.91052 Mean anomaly M 191.19574 1931 apek is a main belt asteroid . It has an Eccentricity orbit eccentricity of 0.2732038 and an orbital period of 1478.3027655 days 4.05 years . ref name JP Small body Database Browser cite web url http ssd.jpl.nasa.gov sbdb.cgi?sstr 1931 title JPL Small Body Database Browser accessdate 2008 02 28 publisher NASA ref This asteroid was discovered on August 22, 1969 by Lubo Kohoutek . References Reflist Minor planets navigator 1930 Lucifer 1932 Jansky Small Solar System bodies DEFAULTSORT Capek Category Main Belt asteroids Category Asteroids named for people Category Discoveries by Lubo Kohoutek Category Astronomical objects discovered in 1969 Beltasteroid stub es 1931 apek eo 1931 apek fa fr 1931 apek it 1931 apek la 1931 apek hu 1931 apek ja no 1931 apek nn 1931 apek pl 1931 apek pt 1931 Capek sk 1931 Capek sr 1931 Capek tl 1931 apek uk 1931 vi 1931 apek yo 1931 apek ... more details
infobox coat of arms name National Emblem of Afghanistan image Coat of arms of Afghanistan.svg image width 200 year adopted 2002 middle middle width middle caption armiger Islamic Republic of Afghanistan shield crest supporters other elements earlier versions use The national emblem of Afghanistan has appeared in some form on the flag of Afghanistan since the inception of that nation. The latest incarnation .... Attached to the mosque are two flags, taken to stand for flags of Afghanistan. Beneath the mosque ... . The emblem of Afghanistan bears the Islamic calendar year 1298 1919 in the Gregorian calendar , the year Afghanistan gained independence from the British Empire. Historical gallery File Afghanistan arms 1901 1919.svg 1901 1919 File Afghanistan arms circa 1919.svg 1919 1926 File Afghanistan arms 1926 1928.svg 1926 1928 File Afghanistan arms 1928 1929.svg 1928 1929 File Afghanistan arms 1929.svg 1929 File Afghanistan arms 1922 1928.svg 1929 1931 File Afghanistan arms 1931 1973.svg 1931 1973 File Afghanistan arms 1973 1974.svg 1973 1974 File Afghanistan arms 1974 1978.svg 1974 1978 File Afghanistan arms 1978 1980.svg 1978 1980 File Afghanistan arms 1980 1987.svg 1980 1987 File Afghanistan arms 1987 1992.svg 1987 1992 File Afghanistan arms 1992 1996 2001.svg 1992 1996 and 2001 2002 File Taliban CoA.svg Taliban 1996 2001 File Afghanistan arms 2002 2004.svg 2002 2004 gallery See also Flag of Afghanistan External links http www.national symbol.com A AfghanistanAfghanistan national symbol.htm Afghanistan National Emblem Coats of arms of Asia Category National symbols of Afghanistan Category National emblems AfghanistanAfghanistan stub Heraldry stub ar bg ... el es Escudo de Afganist n eo Blazono de Afganio fr Armoiries de l Afghanistan ko hr Grb Afganistana bpy id Lambang Afganistan it Emblema dell Afghanistan ... van Afghanistan ja no Afghanistans riksv pen nn Det afghanske riksv penet km ... more details
NOTOC See also 1907 in Afghanistan , 1908 other events of 1908 , and 1909 in Afghanistan . The amir nowiki nowiki s reply to the communication informing him of the convention between England and Russia so far as it relates to Afghanistan is not made known. His attitude during the Zakka Khel and Mohmand expeditions in India is much criticized by the British, and he is blamed for not taking more effectual measures to restrain his subjects from assisting the enemy. Others, however, consider that in such matters even an amir nowiki nowiki s power is limited, and there is no reason to doubt that he has been friendly to Britain throughout and has done all that he could. Category 1908 by country Afghanistan Category Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan Category 1908 in Asia Afghanistan Category 1908 in Afghanistan Years in Afghanistan ... more details
NOTOC See also 1936 in Afghanistan , 1937 other events of 1937 , and 1938 in Afghanistan . The year is one of unusual quiet in this turbulent land. Motor traffic is extending, and various factory industries are being opened up. The trade with India through the frontier passes is considerable, exports being fruit, carpets, wool, and skins imports, cotton and piece goods, metals, sugar, and tea. End of January 1937 The prime minister, Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan , the uncle of the king, having gone to Berlin to undergo an operation, takes the opportunity before returning home to visit London, spending a week there as the guest of the government, and confirming Afghanistan s friendly relations with Britain. Category 1937 by country Afghanistan Category Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan Category 1937 in Asia Afghanistan Category 1937 in Afghanistan Years in Afghanistan ... more details
NOTOC See also 1941 in Afghanistan , 1942 other events of 1942 , and 1943 in Afghanistan . June 1942 Diplomatic relations with the United States are opened. July 1942 The king again reaffirms his country s policy of neutrality provided Afghanistan is left unmolested. November 26, 1942 The 9 year old crown prince, Mohammad Akbar Khan crown prince Mohammad Akbar Khan , dies. Category 1942 by country Afghanistan Category Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan Category 1942 in Asia Afghanistan Category 1942 in Afghanistan Years in Afghanistan ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2007 NOTOC See also 1942 in Afghanistan , 1943 other events of 1943 , and 1944 in Afghanistan . The Treaty of Saadabad with Turkey, Iran, and Iraq is automatically renewed for a further five years, as none of its signatories has denounced it six months before expiration. June 1, 1943 A new departure is taken by the appointment of the first Afghan minister to the U.S., Abdul Hossein Aziz , who formerly represented his country in Moscow. October 24, 1943 It is learned that negotiations for a treaty of alliance between China and Afghanistan have been completed in Ankara. Years in Afghanistan Category 1943 by country Afghanistan Category Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan Category 1943 in Asia Afghanistan Category 1943 in Afghanistan Category Article Feedback 5 ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2007 NOTOC See also 1943 in Afghanistan , 1944 other events of 1944 , and 1945 in Afghanistan . Although diplomatic relations with Germany and Japan are maintained, the relations of Afghanistan with the Allied Powers become more intimate. The country is dependent for its essential imports on India, the U.S.S.R., and the United States. January 1944 Gen. Patrick J. Hurley visits Kabul as U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt s personal representative. March 1944 The Afghan ambassador and Chinese minister in Ankara conclude a lengthy negotiation with the signing of a treaty of friendship establishing diplomatic and consular relations between the two countries. Category 1944 by country Afghanistan Category Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan Category 1944 in Asia Afghanistan Category 1944 in Afghanistan Years in Afghanistan ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2007 NOTOC See also 1944 in Afghanistan , 1945 other events of 1945 , and 1946 in Afghanistan . There is little change in internal affairs as Zahir Shah continues a peaceful rule and the end of World War II sees an unbroken record of neutrality for the country. During the year, Eli E. Palmer , formerly with the foreign service at the Australian embassy, succeeds Cornelius Van H. Engert as U.S. minister at Kabul. July 1945 The Red Crescent Society of Afghanistan donates 5,000 to the fund opened by the International Red Cross at Geneva as a token of its sympathy with the fate of European peoples. Years in Afghanistan Category 1945 by country Afghanistan Category Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan Category 1945 in Asia Afghanistan Category 1945 in Afghanistan ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2011 Gharbi is a village of Or zg n Province , Afghanistan . It is located at coord 32.6608 N 65.4906 E . References Reflist Category Populated places in Or zg n Province Afghanistan geo stub ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2011 Zargari is a village in Ghazni Province , Afghanistan . coord missing Afghanistan Category Populated places in Ghazni Province ghazni geo stub ... more details
Year nav topic5 1931 film television radio Yearsinfilm Top grossing films class wikitable Rank Title Studio Actors 1. Frankenstein 1931 film Frankenstein Universal Boris Karloff 2. Cimarron 1931 film Cimarron RKO Richard Dix actor Richard Dix and Irene Dunne 3. Mata Hari 1931 film Mata Hari MGM Greta Garbo 4. City Lights United Artists Charlie Chaplin 5. A Free Soul MGM Norma Shearer 6. Dracula 1931 ... 1931 film No Limit Paramount Clara Bow 9. The Public Enemy Warner Bros. James Cagney and Jean Harlow ... Awards Academy Award for Best Picture Best Picture Cimarron 1931 film Cimarron MGM Academy Award ... 1931 film Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Academy Award for Best Actress Best Actress Marie Dressler Min and Bill ... . That s how there are 3 Best Actor , 2 Best Actress awards for 1931 films. Notable films released in 1931 American films of 1931 U.S.A. unless stated nous la libert Freedom for Us , directed by Ren Clair French films of 1931 France Alam Ara The Light of the World , directed by Ardeshir Irani the first Bollywood films of the 1930s Indian talkie Alibi 1931 film Alibi directed by Leslie S. Hiscott U.K. Alice in Wonderland 1931 film Alice in Wonderland , the first sound version Anna Christie 1931 film Anna Christie , directed by Jacques Feyder , starring Greta Garbo List of German films ... Berlin Alexanderplatz 1931 film Berlin Alexanderplatz film of the novel by Alfred D blin List of German ... Coffee 1931 film Black Coffee directed by Leslie S. Hiscott U.K. The Champ , starring Wallace Beery La Chienne The Bitch , directed by Jean Renoir , starring Michel Simon French films of 1931 France Cimarron 1931 film Cimarron , starring Richard Dix actor Richard Dix and Irene Dunne City Lights , directed ... Marlene Dietrich and Victor McLaglen Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde 1931 film Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde , starring Fredric March and Miriam Hopkins Dracula 1931 film Dracula , directed by Tod Browning , starring ... and Paul Otto List of German films 1919&ndash 1933 Germany Emil and the Detectives 1931 film Emil ... more details
Infobox Political post post President body the br Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Afghanistan insignia Coat of arms of Afghanistan.svg insigniasize 100px insigniacaption Emblem of Afghanistan Official Emblem image Hamid Karzai 2004 06 14.jpg imagesize 170px incumbent Hamid Karzai incumbentsince December 7, 2004 style Excellency His Excellency residence Arg Presidential Palace , Kabul , Afghanistan appointer Direct popular vote termlength Five years formation July 17, 1973 first republic inaugural Mohammed Daoud Khan website http president.gov.af Office of the President Politics of AfghanistanAfghanistan has only been a republic between 1973 and 1992 and from 2001 onwards. Before 1973, it was a monarchy that was governed by a variety of list of monarchs of Afghanistan kings, emirs or shahs . From 1992 to 2001, during the civil war in Afghanistan civil war , the country was recognized as the Islamic State of Afghanistan and the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan . Powers The constitution of Afghanistan grants the president wide powers over military and legislative affairs, with a relatively weak national parliament . These were a subject of considerable controversy when debated by the country s loya jirga in December 2003. However, they were seen by the interim administration and its Western backers as being essential to securing the stability of Afghanistan. Latest election main Afghan presidential election, 2009 Afghan presidential election, 2009 See also List of Presidents of Afghanistan List of monarchs of Afghanistan Prime Minister of Afghanistan External links http president.gov.af Presidency of Afghanistan The official website of the Office of the President of Afghanistan. Afghan security forces Category Presidents of Afghanistan fa ko no Presidenten i Afghanistan pl Prezydenci Afganistanu tl Pangulo ng Apganistan vi T ng th ng Afghanistan ... more details
Political corruption sidebar Corruption in Afghanistan is a widespread and growing problem in Afghan society. Afghanistan is ranked 180 out of 182 in Transparency International s 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index . ref http cpi.transparency.org cpi2011 results 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index Transparency International ref Only Myanmar , North Korea and Somalia weere ranked more political corruption corrupt . References reflist Afghanistan topics state uncollapsed Asia in topic Corruption in Category Corruption in Afghanistan Category Politics of Afghanistan ... more details
NOTOC See also 1915 in Afghanistan , 1916 other events of 1916 , and 1917 in Afghanistan . The amir maintains his neutrality in World War I, and the state does not become involved in the troubles of Persia. At the end of the year information is published concerning a German mission sent to Afghanistan in the previous year. It appears that Wilhelm II, German Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm has sent a German officer, Lieut. Werner Otto von Hentig , accompanied by certain Indian revolutionaries who resided in Berlin, on a mission to the amir , with the object of inducing him to attack India. The members of the mission succeeded in making their way through Persia, by breaking up into small parties, and they remained in Afghanistan nearly a year. Nevertheless, the amir refused the Turco German proposals, and after the mission left Afghanistan in May 1916, some of the members were captured by the Russians and British as they were trying to get back to Turkey. Category 1916 by country Afghanistan Category Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan Category 1916 in Asia Afghanistan Category 1916 in Afghanistan Years in Afghanistan ... more details
Refimprove date September 2011 The tourism industry of Afghanistan , developed with government help in the early 1970s, has been negligible since 1979 due to Afghan civil war internal political instability . A passport and visa document visa are required for entrance into Afghanistan. In 1999, the UN estimated the daily cost of staying in Kabul at 70 United States dollar USD . Approximately 61 of these costs were estimated to be the price of a room in a guesthouse. Travel was highly restricted in the country due to the War in Afghanistan 2001 present US led campaign against the Taliban and al Qaeda . External links http www.bbc.co.uk news world south asia 14591774 Afghanistan s bid to boost tourism BBC News, August 22, 2011 Wikitravel s travel guide on Afghanistan http wikitravel.org en Afghanistan Tourism in Asia Afghanistan topics Category Tourism in AfghanistanAfghanistan stub Tourism stub bn no Turisme i Afghanistan ... more details
Television in Afghanistan was first introduced in 1964, when a new organization called Radio Television Afghanistan government owned founded two channels RTA TV RTA and Afghanistan National Television ... . The centres were officially started in operation in August 1978. During the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan ... was forced out in December 2001, television service was re introduced. RTA and Afghanistan National ... . It was reported in 2011 that there are as many as 76 television channels in Afghanistan, 36 of them ... article isaf releases afghanistan then and now.html title ISAF Spokesman Discusses Progress in Afghanistan ... Most people in Afghanistan prefer to watch TV in the evening, between 7pm to 11pm. As of 2012, there are believed ... channels. ref http www.altaiconsulting.com docs media Altai Consulting, July 2010, Media in Afghanistan ... http www.altaiconsulting.com docs media Altai Consulting, July 2010, Media in Afghanistan ref ref http www.altaiconsulting.com docs media Altai Consulting, July 2010, Media in Afghanistan ref Channels ... docs media Altai Consulting, July 2010, Media in Afghanistan ref Transmission In Afghanistan ..., there have been Afghan channels broadcasting outside Afghanistan. The first one was Ariana TV , and followed ... in 1TV Afghan TV channel 1TV Yak AfghanistanAfghanistan, Central Asia , Middle East , Pakistan , South Europe , Libya Afghan Entertainment Television AET United States North America Afghan TV AfghanistanAfghanistan, North Africa , East Europe , Middle East Afghan News AfghanistanAfghanistan, North Africa, East Europe, Middle East Afghan Television Voice of Christ United States Afghanistan, Iran, Europe, Middle East ARIA TV AfghanistanAfghanistan Ariana Afghanistan AATV United States br Germany North America, Europe, North Africa Ariana TV ATN Afghanistan br United States br United Arab Emirates Afghanistan, India , North America, Europe, Middle East, North Africa ARZU TV AfghanistanAfghanistan Balkh ARZU TV AfghanistanAfghanistan, Europe, Middle East Asia TV Network AfghanistanAfghanistan ... more details
Statistics of Ekstraklasa in season 1931. Overview It was performed in 12 teams, and Garbarnia Krak w won the championship. League standings class wikitable style text align center Pos Club P Pts W D L GF GA 1. align left Garbarnia Krak w 22 30 13 4 5 51 22 2. align left Wis a Krak w 22 29 14 1 7 53 30 3. align left Legia Warsaw 22 29 13 3 6 57 34 4. align left Pogo Lw w 22 29 11 6 5 47 33 5. align left Ruch Chorz w 22 25 11 3 8 45 46 6. align left KS d 22 24 10 4 8 48 35 7. align left Warta Pozna 22 23 11 1 10 56 34 8. align left Polonia Warsaw 22 18 7 4 11 34 46 9. align left Cracovia football club Cracovia 22 18 6 6 10 32 52 10. align left Czarni Lw w 22 16 7 2 13 28 50 11. align left Warszawianka Warszawa 22 13 6 1 15 36 60 12. align left Lechia Lw w 22 11 5 1 16 23 66 References http www.rsssf.com tablesp polhist.html Poland List of final tables RSSSF Ekstraklasa seasons 1930 31 in European football UEFA 1931 32 in European football UEFA Category Ekstraklasa seasons Category 1931 in association football Ekstraklasa, 1931 Category 1931 in Poland Ekstraklasa, 1931 Poland footy competition stub fr Championnat de Pologne de football 1931 it Liga 1931 hu 1931 es lengyel labdar g bajnoks g els oszt ly pl Liga polska w pi ce no nej 1931 ru 1931 ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 NOTOC See also 1925 in Afghanistan , 1926 other events of 1926 , and 1927 in Afghanistan . Afghanistan suffers during the year from the effects of the great Khost rebellion of the previous year, and little, if any, progress is made in developing the country. June 9 Amanullah changes his title from amir to padshah king . August 31 A treaty of neutrality and mutual nonaggression between Afghanistan and the Soviet Union is concluded. The first clause in the treaty provides for neutrality in the event of an armed conflict between either of the parties with a third power , while in another clause each party agrees not to permit in its territory the activities of elements having for their object hostile action against the other party to the treaty . This treaty is the beginning for Afghanistan of closer relations with Russia, and is followed by a treaty of friendship concluded on September 14, and by negotiations for an Afghan Soviet trade agreement. These steps do not improve Afghanistan s relations with the Indian government, which is already looking with suspicion on some of its military activities so much so that in August Mr. Yunus, the secretary of the Afghan legation in London, thought it necessary to send a communication to The Times stating that the number of Afghanistan s aeroplanes was too small to cause any apprehension, and that the Russians engaged in the air service were employed as pilots or mechanics in the same way as any other Europeans. DEFAULTSORT 1926 In Afghanistan Category 1926 by country Afghanistan Category Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan Category 1926 in Asia Afghanistan Category 1926 in Afghanistan Years in Afghanistan ... more details
NOTOC See also 1909 in Afghanistan , 1910 other events of 1910 , and 1911 in Afghanistan . Summer 1910 A joint British and Afghan commission appointed to settle tribal disputes arising out of raids and counter raids on each side of the British Afghan border commences its work, starting from the Kurram Valley . Its labours are brought to a satisfactory conclusion before the close of the year. The agreement reached provides that outlaws from either side shall be removed to a distance of not less than fifty miles from the border, and orders to give effect to this within British territory are at once issued. Years in Afghanistan Category 1910 by country Afghanistan Category Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan Category 1910 in Asia Afghanistan Category 1910 in Afghanistan ... more details
NOTOC See also 1911 in Afghanistan , 1912 other events of 1912 , and 1913 in Afghanistan . The disturbances in the Khost country, which at one time threatened to expand into a general rising, are quieted by the removal of the governor, whose exactions and oppressions are believed to have been the real cause of the trouble, and the tribesmen who fled into British territory are induced to return to their homes. The amir continues his improvement of the main roads and strengthens the outposts on the Perso Afghan border, and to the north of Herat as well as in Afghan Turkestan. Category 1912 by country Afghanistan Category Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan Category 1912 in Asia Afghanistan Category 1912 in Afghanistan Years in Afghanistan ... more details
NOTOC See also 1878 in Afghanistan , 1879 other events of 1879 , and 1880 in Afghanistan . February 1879 February 21 Amir Sher Ali Khan dies in Mazar i Sharif , leaving the throne to his son, Mohammad Yaqub Khan . cn date December 2011 May 1879 Afghan and British leaders sign the Treaty of Gandamak during the Second Anglo Afghan War . cn date December 2011 October 1879 October 12 Mohammad Yaqub Khan s reign as amir ends. cn date December 2011 Years in Afghanistan Category 1879 by country Afghanistan Category Years of the 19th century in Afghanistan Category 1879 in Asia Afghanistan Category 1879 in Afghanistan ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2007 NOTOC See also 1947 in Afghanistan , 1948 other events of 1948 , and 1949 in Afghanistan . Relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan are peaceful and formally correct. The unsettled relations between Pakistan and India, however, interfere with the Afghan foreign trade which for decades had gone mostly by the Khyber Pass . Another reason for the not too favourable balance of trade is the falling price of karakul lambskins, the most valuable of the country s exports. Three new motor roads are under construction in 1948 Kabul to Mazar , Kabul to Khyber Pass , and the Badakhshan road from Kabul toward Xinjiang Sinkiang province, China. March 29, 1948 It is announced that the British legation at Kabul and the Afghan legation in London are to be raised to the status of embassies. On June 5 a similar step is taken between the U.S.A. and Afghanistan. Category 1948 by country Afghanistan Category Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan Category 1948 in Asia Afghanistan Category 1948 in Afghanistan Years in Afghanistan ... more details
Year nav topic 1931 science The year 1931 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Chemistry Harold Urey and associates at Columbia University demonstrate the existence of heavy water . ref cite journal first1 Harold C. last1 Urey first2 F. G. last2 Brickwedde first3 G. M. last3 Murphy title A Hydrogen Isotope of Mass 2 journal Physical Review year 1932 volume 39 pages 164 5 url http link.aps.org doi 10.1103 PhysRev.39.16 doi 10.1103 PhysRev.39.164 bibcode 1932PhRv...39..164U accessdate 2012 01 08 ref Mathematics January Kurt G del s On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems On Formally Undecidable Propositions... is published in Monatshefte f r Mathematik . Technology May 27 Switzerland Swiss born scientist Auguste Piccard , taking off from Augsburg , Germany , reaches a record altitude of convert 15,785 m ft 0 abbr on in a Balloon aircraft balloon with a pressurized gondola, gathering data on the upper atmosphere and measuring cosmic ray s. L szl B r first exhibits his ballpoint pen , in Budapest . George Beauchamp invents the electric guitar . ref cite book editor Millard, Andr year 2004 title The Electric Guitar a History of an American Icon location Baltimore publisher The Johns Hopkins University Press isbn 0 8018 7862 4 ref Other events November 21 Release of James Whale s film of Frankenstein 1931 film Frankenstein in New York City New York , with electrical effects designed by Kenneth Strickfaden . Awards Nobel Prize s Nobel Prize in Chemistry Chemistry Carl Bosch , Friedrich Bergius Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Medicine Otto Heinrich Warburg Births March 25 John A. Eddy died 2009 ... reflist Category 1931 in science fr 1931 en science he 1931 mk 1931 no Vitenskaps ret 1931 nn Vitskap i 1931 pl 1931 w nauce pt 1931 na ci ncia ru 1931 sv Vetenskaps ret 1931 ... more details
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