. ACPropulsion also produce Vehicle to grid or V2G systems, with their second generation AC 150 drivetrain ... RPM are far below those of conventional vehicles. ref Dead link date July 2011 Vehicles using an ACPropulsion electric drivetrain ACPropulsion tzero ACPropulsion eBox Volvo 3CC Venturi Fetish Courreges ... Roadster Tesla has licensed technology from ACPropulsion Mini E ref http www.acpropulsion.com press releases ACP Powers MINI E.pdf Press release from ACPropulsion ref Dead link date July 2011 Peraves ... Powertrain Drivetrain References reflist External links Commons category ACPropulsion http www.acpropulsion.com DEFAULTSORT AcPropulsion Category Motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States ... Category Companies based in Los Angeles County, California de ACPropulsion fr ACPropulsion nl ACPropulsion sv ACPropulsion ... alone. This was the first around the clock flight of such a propulsion system, carried only by solar ... more details
USD 10,000. It appears that high volume production by original vehicle manufactures using AC production components is a goal, with the low volume production being an intermediate step. ACPropulsion ... title Eclectic Electrics ACPropulsion eBox, Road and Track publisher Roadandtrack.com date 2009 ... as to eBox price, quality, availability, company views. EVWorld.com DEFAULTSORT AcPropulsion ... de ACPropulsion eBox fa ... Motor convert 150 kW hp abbr on AC induction motor Battery pack 5,088 Li Ion cells, 355 volt V nominal ... 30 minutes for 20 50 miles Full Charge 2 hours fast , 5 hours normal Energy Efficiency 180 AC Wh km ... more details
Image Acp tzero studio hires.jpg thumb 250px right The ACPropulsion tzero with the top off The tzero is a hand made battery electric vehicle electric sports car that was produced in limited numbers by the U.S. company ACPropulsion . The tzero is based on the Piontek Sportech kit car , which consists of a fiberglass body built over a reinforced steel space frame with Double wishbone suspension double wishbone independent suspension and rack and pinion steering. ACPropulsion added the AC 150 drivetrain, a single speed electric system with an overall gear ratio of 9 1. Launched in January 1997, only three prototypes were built and plans for commercial production were dropped in mid 2003. The name comes from Tzero t sub 0 sub , the mathematical symbol for a starting point in time. Image Acp tzero dsc00309.jpg thumb 200px right Original Lead acid battery pack Image Acp tzero LH wo cover.JPG thumb 200px New Lithium Ion battery pack The original version of the roadster runs on 28 Optima batteries Optima Yellow Top lead acid battery Lead Acid batteries which produce 150 kW 200 horsepower and 177 lbs ft 240 N m of torque at 336 volt s this 28 12 V battery equivalent which rockets the 1040 kg car from 0 to 60 mph in 4.07 seconds. The single gear ratio limits the car s maximum speed to convert 90 mph km h at 12,000 rpm, although it is said that early prototypes fitted with multiple ... 5 m s , it eases the rear wheel regenerative braking to prevent slides. ACPropulsion also produced ... production costs, however, ACPropulsion ceased to produce the tzero. Only three still exist, one ... in the Wrightspeed X1 . See also ACPropulsion eBox La Jamais Contente Keio University Eliica Lightning GT Tesla Roadster Think Global AS Venturi F tish Wrightspeed X1 External links commonscat ACPropulsion tzero http www.acpropulsion.com tzero tzero Homepage ACPropulsion http www.acpropulsion.com ... cars Category Proposed electric vehicles Category Sports cars de ACPropulsion tzero ... more details
Propulsion usually means movement caused by a force. Propulsion may refer to wiktionary propulsion Vehicle propulsion Air propulsion Ground propulsion Marine propulsion Spacecraft propulsion Animal locomotion , also referred to as propulsion Music Propulsion TV news music , a television news music package created by 615 Music disambig da Drivkraft es Propulsi n it Propulsione ms Perejangan nl Voortstuwing ... more details
about the country code top level domain the second level domain .ac second level domain Infobox Top level domain name .ac background CCF image introduced 1997 type Country code top level domain status Active registry Ascension Island Network Information Centre run by Internet Computer Bureau sponsor Cable and Wireless Ascension Island intendeduse Entities connected with flagicon UK Ascension Island actualuse Various uses, sometimes connected to education and academia a few sites actually on Ascension Island restrictions 2nd level registrant must have professional or academic qualification apparently not actually enforced 3rd level registrant must be resident on Ascension Island structure Registrations ... http www.nic.ac dres.html Dispute Resolution Policy website http www.nic.ac NIC.AC dnssec yes .ac ... http www.nic.ac AC IDN Policy.pdf AC IDN Policy ref .ac is marketed by some domain brokers as a domain ... AC for the city. Use as an abbreviation for academic Due to its similarity to the .ac second level domain .ac academic second level domain that exists under some Country code top level domain country code top level domains , some educational institutions also register under the .ac top level domain ... http www.iana.org root whois ac.htm IANA .ac whois information http www.nic.ac .AC Domain Name Registry ccTLD DEFAULTSORT Ac Category Ascension Island Category Country code top level domains Category ... .ac ar .ac az .ac ba .ac be .ac be x old .ac bg .ac bs .ac ca .ac cv .ac cs .ac da .ac de .ac et .ac el .ac es .ac eo .ac eu .ac fa .ac fo .ac fr .ac gl .ac xal .ac ko .ac hy .ac hr .ac id .ac is .ac it .ac krc .ac ka .ac lv .ac lb .ac hu .ac mk .ac arz .ac mzn .ac ms .ac nl .ac ja .ac ce .ac no .ac oc .ac uz .ac pa .ac nds .ac pl .ac pt .ac crh .ac ro .ac ru .ac sah .ac sq .ac sk .ac sr .ac sh .ac su .ac fi .ac sv Toppdom n A tl .ac tt .ac th .ac tg .ac tr .ac tk .ac uk .ac vi .ac fiu vro .ac war .ac wo .ac yo .ac zh yue .ac diq .ac zh .ac ... more details
selfref For the Wikipedia editing policy, see Wikipedia AC . Wiktionary ACac a c AC or Ac may refer to Air conditioner , a machine that produces cool air Air conditioning , the mechanical process of cooling air in enclosed spaces Anarcho capitalism , a form of free market anarchism Ante Christum , a Latin term meaning before Christ Anthrocon , the largest furry convention in the world held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Assessment center , a process to evaluate candidates for a job Average cost , in economics TOC right Science AC power , a net transfer of energy over a complete cycle of the alternating current waveform Acetyl , a functional group in chemistry Acromioclavicular joint AC joint , the shoulder junction between the scapula and the clavicle Actinium , a chemical element Adenylate cyclase ... AC , a district in Germany Acre state , a state in Brazil Atlantic City, New Jersey , a city in New Jersey, United States Computing AC complexity , a hierarchy of complexity classes found in circuit complexity .ac , Internet top level domain name for Ascension Island .ac second level domain , Internet ... , a rank in London s Metropolitan Police Entertainment AC, the name of the ultimate computer at the end of time in Isaac Asimov s The Last Question A.C. Newman , solo stage name for Canadian musician Carl Newman A.C. Slater , character in the American sitcom Saved by the Bell AC Comics ... game made by Nintendo Organizations AC Cars , a British specialist automobile manufacturer AC The Danish ... unions AC Transit , a regional public transit agency in the San Francisco Bay Area Action Congress , a political party in Nigeria Ad Council Japan AC Japan , an organization that distributes Japanese ... Ac Category Initialisms ca Ac cs AC cy AC gwahaniaethu da AC de AC el AC es AC eo Ac fa AC fr AC ko AC it AC he Ac sw AC lv AC lt AC nl AC ja AC no AC nn AC pl AC pt AC ro AC ru AC sk AC sl AC sr Ac fi Ac sv AC th AC tr AC vi Ac zh AC ... more details
Electromagnetic propulsion EMP , is the principle of accelerating an object by the utilization of a flowing ... and the magnetic field. This repulsing force is what causes propulsion in a system designed to take advantage of the phenomenon. The term electromagnetic propulsion EMP can be described ... , and propulsion the process of propelling something. One key difference between EMP and propulsion ... of electromagnetic propulsion does not have origins with any one individual and has applications in many different fields. The thought of using magnets for propulsion continues to this day and has .... History One of the first recorded discoveries regarding electromagnetic propulsion was in 1889 ... these principles and introduced the first practical application of electromagnetic propulsion. ref ... km h. Guinness World Records authorization. Electromagnetic propulsion is utilized in transportation ... ref name katesix Lmac ac linear induction motor. 2010 . Retrieved from http www.baldormotion.com products ... propulsion system encompasses. ref name katenine Bonsor, K. 2010, October 13 . How Maglev ... of a linear induction motor begins with an AC force that is supplied to the coil windings ... linear motion. ref name katesix Spacecraft main Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion ... term to next century. ref Byers, D. C. 1984 . The NASA electric propulsion program. JSASS AIAA DGLR 17th International Electric Propulsion Conference, 1 9. ref One of such applications is the use of EMP .... 2001 . Magnetic propulsion systems. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 37 3 , 245 261. ref To attain ... that attain propulsion through the intermediate use of heat this results in low efficiencies and large ... propulsion. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 41 1 , 64 91. ref The electrical energy in the coil of the EMP ... to produce the necessary values of the current in the propulsion system. Ships and Submarines ... ship propulsion. American Society of Naval Engineers Journal, 73 1 , 139 142. ref See also ... more details
Infobox company company name Berg Propulsion foundation 1912 location H n , Gothenburg , Sweden industry Manufacturing & Service products Marine propulsion Marine Propulsion Systems num employees 400 small 2010 small homepage http www.bergpropulsion.com www.bergpropulsion.com intl yes Berg Propulsion is a Swedish company that designs and manufactures controllable pitch propeller s for the marine industry. The company produces customized Propeller main propellers , azimuth thruster s, Bow thruster transverse thrusters and maneuver systems. Berg Propulsion has production facilities in Sweden and Singapore , and sales & service offices in Shanghai , Guangzhou , Istanbul , Dubai , Singapore , Bremen , San Sebasti n San Sebastian , Rio De Janeiro , Busan , Genoa and Sweden . Involvement Berg Propulsion is a sponsor of the Puma Ocean Racing, powered by Berg Propulsion racing team for the 2011 12 Volvo Ocean Race . Berg Propulsion is a corporate partner of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects . Notes and references Reflist colwidth 30em External reference http www.bergpropulsion.com Volvo Ocean Race http www.volvooceanrace.com news article 2010 APRIL PUMA ANNOUNCEMENT 080410 Royal Institution of Naval Architects http www.rina.org.uk corporatepartners.html Category Companies established in 1912 Category Manufacturing companies of Sweden manufacturing company stub de BERG Propulsion sv Berg Propulsion ... more details
of traditional rudders is greatly reduced when not located in the propeller wash, only propulsion ... propulsion by either blowing three short, easily audible blasts or by flying the Sierra International ... able to develop astern propulsion. Airships such as the R 100 could reverse the direction of rotation ... propulsion. This facility is sometimes used to control aircraft speed in steep descents, or to taxi backwards when on the ground. Most jet airliners use astern propulsion more commonly termed reverse ... land vehicles can develop astern propulsion, although in this case the ability is more usually termed Reversing vehicle maneuver reverse . In land vehicles reverse propulsion is usually achieved through ... Propulsion Category Marine propulsion ... more details
Laser propulsion is a form of beam powered propulsion where the energy source is a remote usually ground based laser system and separate from the reaction mass. This form of propulsion differs from a conventional ... Thruster system It is also less polluting than traditional propulsion. ref cite web title Investigations ... of laser propelled vehicles was first introduced by Arthur Kantrowitz in 1972. Laser propulsion ... radiation pressure drives the momentum transfer, the principle behind the propulsion of solar sail ... as in a conventional rocket. The second class of propulsion systems are fundamentally limited ... propulsion. Ablative laser propulsion Ablative Laser Propulsion ALP is a form of beam powered propulsion ... . Ablative propulsion will work in air or vacuum. Specific impulse values from 200 seconds to several ... of ablative propulsion include double pulse propulsion in which one laser pulse ablates material ... Pakhomov at the University of Alabama in Huntsville of the UAH Laser Propulsion Group. Pulsed plasma propulsion A high energy pulse focused in a gas or on a solid surface surrounded by gas produces ... the shock front during and after the pulse transmits momentum to the craft. Pulsed plasma propulsion using air as the working fluid is the simplest form of air breathing laser propulsion. The record ... , works on this principle. CW plasma propulsion A continuous laser beam focused in a flowing stream ... propulsion. However, to achieve high specific impulse , the propellant must have low molecular weight ... propulsion has the disadvantage that the laser beam must be precisely focused into the absorption chamber ... propulsion. Using a large flat heat exchanger allows the laser beam to shine directly on the heat exchanger ... ref a similar microwave thermal propulsion concept was developed independently by Kevin L. Parkin at Caltech in 2001. Laser electric propulsion A general class of propulsion techniques in which the laser ... spacecraft propulsion electric propulsion thruster. Usually, laser electric propulsion is considered ... more details
Field propulsion is the concept of spacecraft propulsion where no propellant is necessary but instead momentum of the spacecraft is changed by an interaction of the spacecraft with external force fields. Examples are a gravity assist trajectory, which uses planetary gravity fields and orbital momentum, schemes that use electromagnetic field s such as radiation pressure , e.g. solar sails or photonic drive, and aerodynamic fields such as solar wind and aerobraking . Other concepts that have been proposed are more speculative, using frontier physics that may or may not become engineering practice in the future. Although speculative, ideas such as coupling to the momentum flux of the zero point electromagnetic wave field hypothesized in stochastic electrodynamics have a plausible basis for further investigation within the existing theoretical physics paradigm. Examples of proposals for field propulsion that rely on physics outside the present paradigms are various schemes for faster than light , warp drive and antigravity , and often amount to little more than catchy descriptive phrases ... itself. This system seems to satisfy many of the requirements of a field propulsion system ... and rocket propulsion, and as such, might offer potential for a radical advance in performance capabilities. References http www.ovaltech.ca spctrvl thryop3.html Examples of current field propulsion ... Example of a possible field propulsion system based on existing physics and links to papers ... Sarg, Field Propulsion by Control of Gravity Theory and Experiments, 2009, ISBN 978 1448693085. br http www.bis space.com Y. Minami., An Introduction to Concepts of Field Propulsion, JBIS,56,350 359 2003 . br http www.npo astro.org index e.html Minami Y., Musha T., Field Propulsion Systems for Space ... Propulsion System for Space Travel Physics of Non Conventional Propulsion Methods for Interstellar Travel, 2011, ISBN 978 1 60805 270 7. br Category Spacecraft propulsion Category Science fiction ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Ground propulsion is a different term than transport, because it refers to solid bodies being propelled. Those bodies may be mounted on vats or using wheels while the latter dominates for standard applications. The primary and most natural type of propulsion is the use of muscle power. Vehicles drawn by an animal have nearly disappeared nowadays. There are some communities left, where one can make a living solely relying on the techniques employing muscle energy in a very efficient form like bicycle s, wheelchair s etc.. But civilisation employs other types of methods to transport bodies with higher velocities, in the last two centuries up into the 1970s mostly steam engine s. Now the main focus is on internal combustion engine s electric motor s which includes linear motors being part of the track or combinations of those. Turbines are not used because of the small part load efficiency. Also other types with external combustion like the Stirling engine or without combustion like the fuel cell are only used in planes. It is different in transmission that has a manual or automatic. See also Alternative propulsion DEFAULTSORT Ground Propulsion Category Propulsion Vehicle stub ... more details
For distributed propulsion on rail see Multiple unit Distributed propulsion DP is a type of powered flight propulsion system for fixed wing aircraft in which airflows and forces are distributed about a vessel. Its goal is to increase performance in fuel efficiency, emissions, noise, field length, and handling performance as compared to the use of a single large engine, jet, or propeller. DP is typically accomplished by spanwise distribution of partially or fully embedded multiple small engines or fans across the width of wing. It may instead employ ducting of exhaust gases along the entire trailing edge of a wing. Types Any fixed wing aircraft with more than one propulsor can be considered a distributed propulsion aircraft. However, in common modern usage DP describes a propulsion system scheme with distributed exhaust, a large number of distributed engines typically fully or partially embedded within the wing , or a large number of distributed fans with a common core ref http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii S0376042110000497 Gohardani et al. Challenges of Future Aircraft Propulsion A Review of Distributed Propulsion Technology And Its Potential Application for the All Electric Commercial Aircraft , Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Volume 47, Issue 5, July 2011, Pages 369 ... Propulsion for Hybrid Wing Body Aircraft. 2008 International Powered Lift Conference, Royal Aeronautical ... http www.sciencedirect.com science article pii S0376042104000399 Sehra and Whitlow. Propulsion and power ... Dang and Bushnell. Aerodynamics of cross flow flans and their application to aircraft propulsion and flow ... propulsion studies suggest several improvements in aircraft performance ref http www.dtic.mil cgi bin GetTRDoc?AD ADA516809&Location U2&doc GetTRDoc.pdf Epstein, A. Distributed Propulsion New Opportunities ... assembly and maintenance. ref Kim, Hyun Dae, Distributed Propulsion Vehicles , in 27th International ... Propulsion ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Vehicle propulsion refers to the act of moving an artificial carrier of people or goods over any distance. The power plant used to drive the vehicles can vary widely. Originally, humans or animals would have provided the propulsion system , later being supplemented by wind power e.g. sailing ship . Since the Industrial Revolution , mechanical propulsion has been possible, initially using steam engine s. More recently, most vehicles use some form of internal combustion engine , with various energy sources to power them. Realm Land and sea Wheel Propeller Air and space jet engine Propeller Spacecraft propulsion Power source Thermal External combustion engine Internal combustion engine Jet engine Rocket engine Miscellaneous HCCI Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Liquid Nitrogen Economy Liquid Nitrogen Gasoline Direct Injection Sled Wind Wind powered vehicle Glider Animal Bicycle Horse drawn vehicle Fuel types Biodiesel E10 fuel Gasohol E85 Ethanol Autogas Autogas LPG or Propane Fuel cell Hydrogen vehicle Nuclear fuel Alternative fuel cars Alternative propulsion Electric vehicles Electric vehicle Neighborhood electric vehicle Hybrid vehicle Battery electric vehicle Plug in hybrid electric vehicle Compressed air car Maglev DEFAULTSORT Vehicle Propulsion Category Automotive technologies Automotive tech stub eo Movilo lt Varytuvas ms Perejangan kenderaan ru uk ... more details
orphan date February 2009 Green Propulsion is a Belgian research and development centre specialising in battery electric and hybrid vehicle s. The Imperia GP car is developed by Green Propulsion. Vehicles Imperia GP Imperia GP is a hybrid electric vehicle to be sold in 2011, from 78,091 , before taxes, with preorder s in 2009. The motorisation of the Imperia GP Roadster automobile roadster relies on the PowerHybrid propulsion technology. ref cite web url http www.imperia auto.be en powerhybrid.php title Imperia Automobiles publisher Imperia auto.be date accessdate 2009 10 25 ref Expand section date January 2009 Other vehicles Other Green Propulsion vehicles includes Electric kart , with Li ion batteries. Electric motorcycle , with a 100 km range and convert 70 km h mi h 0 abbr on top speed. Plug in hybrid Plug in Hybrid Volkswagen Lupo , with Na NiCl batteries and 40 km in only electric mode. Hybrid Renault Kangoo , with Li ion batteries and an More than 40 km in only electric mode. Series hybrid electric bus Hybrid urban bus for max 18 passengers, Ni Cd batteries and over 25 km in only electric mode or unlimited range in hybrid mode diesel . Expand section date January 2009 References reflist External links http www.greenpropulsion.be Green Propulsion Its partner http www.btd.be Breuer Technical Development . Category Motor vehicle manufacturers of Belgium Category Hybrid electric vehicles Category Electric vehicle manufacturers ... more details
Jet propulsion is motion produced by passing a jet fluid jet of fluid e.g. air or water in the opposite direction to the direction of motion. By conservation of momentum , the moving body is propelled in the opposite direction to the jet. A number of animals, including cephalopod s, sea hare s, arthropod s and fish have convergent evolution convergently evolved jet propulsion mechanisms. These have been artificially mimicked by the jet engine . Physics Jet propulsion is most effective when the Reynolds number is high that is, the object being propelled is relatively large and passing through a low viscosity medium. ref name Packard1972 cite doi 10.1111 j.1469 185X.1972.tb00975.x ref In biology, the most efficient jets are pulsed, rather than continuous ref name ref d cite doi 10.1242 jeb.041962 ref at least when the Reynolds number is greater than 6. ref name ref e cite doi 10.1098 rspb.2005.3109 ref Jet engine main Jet engine A jet engine is a reaction engine that discharges a fast moving jet fluid jet of fluid to generate thrust by jet propulsion and in accordance with Isaac Newton Newton s Newton s laws of motion laws of motion . This broad definition of jet engines includes turbojet s, turbofan s, rocket engine rocket s, ramjet s, pulse jet engine pulse jets and pump jet s. In general, most jet engines are internal combustion engines ref cite web author Encyclopæ dia Britannica ... but non combusting forms also exist. Jet propelled animals see Aquatic locomotion Jet Propulsion Jet propulsion in cephalopod s is produced by water being exhaled through a siphon , which typically narrows ... Sea hares gastropod molluscs employ a similar means of jet propulsion, but without the sophisticated ... Some teleost fish have also developed jet propulsion, passing water through the gills to supplement ... Organ last Wake first M.H. ref rp 201 In some dragonfly larvae, jet propulsion is achieved ... ref cite journal url http jeb.biologists.org cgi content abstract 134 1 347 ref also employ jet propulsion ... more details
Nuclear propulsion includes a wide variety of propulsion methods that fulfil the promise of the Atomic ... icebreaker s, use nuclear reactor s as their power plants. See nuclear marine propulsion for civil ... of nuclear propulsion have been proposed, and some of them e.g. NERVA tested, for spacecraft applications ... pulse propulsion main nuclear pulse propulsion Project Orion nuclear propulsion Project Orion , first engineering design study of nuclear pulse i.e., atomic explosion propulsion Project Daedalus , 1970s ... nuclear pulse propulsion design Nuclear thermal rocket main Nuclear thermal rocket Bimodal Nuclear ... thermal rockets can provide great performance advantages compared to chemical propulsion systems ... of nuclear propulsion for long duration spaceflight, begun in 2003 Project Rover an American ... a nuclear powered spacecraft to Mars ref The nuclear propulsion would have mega watt class, provided ... power can provide a qualitative leap in the development of space ref br According to him, the propulsion ... for 30 days. This journey to Mars with nuclear propulsion and a steady accelaration would take 6 weeks, instead of 8 months by using chemical propulsion assuming thrust of 300 times higher than that of chemical propulsion. ref http www.federalspace.ru main.php?id 2&nid 11297&lang en Space Propulsion ... propulsion in space Russia Leads Nuclear Space Race After U.S. Drops Out ref See also Project Pluto , which developed an unmanned cruise missile that used a nuclear powered ramjet for propulsion. Nuclear ... a pioneer of nuclear space propulsion. References Reflist 30em Further reading Cite document last Bussard first R. author link last2 DeLauer first2 R. author2 link title Nuclear Rocket Propulsion ... 20Energy 20System.pdf RW Bussard, An advanced fusion energy system for outer planet space propulsion, 2003 Nuclear propulsion Nuclear Technology DEFAULTSORT Nuclear Propulsion Category Nuclear vehicle propulsion af Kernaandrywing ar de Kernenergieantrieb es Propulsi n nuclear fr Propulsion ... more details
Air propulsion is the generation of thrust during flight by an aircraft or a creature such as a bird , bat or insect . Aircraft main Powered flight An aircraft propulsion system must serve two purposes. First, the thrust from the propulsion system must balance the drag of the airplane when the airplane is cruising. And second, the thrust from the propulsion system must exceed the drag of the airplane for the airplane to accelerate. In fact, the greater the difference between the thrust and the drag, called the excess thrust, the faster the airplane will accelerate. Some aircraft , like airliners and cargo planes, spend most of their life in a cruise condition. For these airplanes, excess thrust is not as important as high engine efficiency and low fuel usage. Since thrust depends on both the amount of gas moved and the velocity, we can generate high thrust by accelerating a large mass of gas by a small amount, or by accelerating a small mass of gas by a large amount. Because of the aerodynamic efficiency of propellers and fans, it is more fuel efficient to accelerate a large mass by a small amount. That is why we find high bypass fans and turboprops on cargo planes and airliners. Some aircraft, like fighter planes or experimental high speed aircraft, require very high excess thrust to accelerate quickly and to overcome the high drag associated with high speeds. For these airplanes, engine efficiency is not as important as very high thrust. Modern military aircraft typically employ afterburners on a low bypass turbofan core. Future hypersonic aircraft will employ some type of ramjet or rocket propulsion. Bird flight main Bird flight Flapping When a bird flaps, as opposed to gliding, its wings continue to develop lift as before, but the lift is rotated forward to provide thrust , which counteracts drag and increases its speed, which has the effect of also increasing lift ... the up stroke. Citation needed date October 2009 References reflist Category Propulsion es Propulsi n ... more details
Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellite s. There are many different methods. Each method has drawbacks and advantages, and spacecraft propulsion ... bloc satellites have used Electrically powered spacecraft propulsion electric propulsion for decades ... used ion thruster s and Hall effect thruster s two different types of electric propulsion to great success ... period of time some form of propulsion is occasionally necessary to make small corrections orbital ... satellites need to be moved from one orbit to another from time to time, and this also requires propulsion ... to travel further also need propulsion methods. They need to be launched out of the Earth s atmosphere ... s concept of a solar sail Some spacecraft propulsion methods such as solar sail s provide very low ... by the Japanese IKAROS solar sail spacecraft. Spacecraft for interstellar travel also need propulsion ... of a propulsion system is to change the velocity, or v , of a spacecraft. Since this is more difficult ... of a propulsion method in space is to create an impulse. When launching a spacecraft from the Earth, a propulsion method must overcome a higher gravity drag gravitational pull to provide a positive ... in space, a propulsion method that produces tiny accelerations but runs for a long time can produce the same impulse as a propulsion method that produces large accelerations for a short time ... field of 1g 9.8 m s , an ideal propulsion system would be one that provides a continuous acceleration ... of a rocket or spaceship having such a propulsion system would be free from all the ill effects ... from their bones. The law of conservation of momentum means that in order for a propulsion method ... the efficiency of a propulsion system, designers often focus on effectively using the reaction ... amounts of energy. Methods Propulsion methods can be classified based on their means of accelerating .... Reaction engines Main Reaction engine A reaction engine is an engine which provides propulsion by expelling ... more details
Marine propulsion is the mechanism or system used to generate thrust to move a ship or boat across ... drives, an impeller . Marine engineering is the discipline concerned with the design of marine propulsion system s. Steam engine s were the first mechanical engines used in marine propulsion, but have ..., outboard motors, and gas turbine engine s on faster ships. nuclear marine propulsion Nuclear ... boat s and have been proposed for energy efficient propulsion. ref http www.ivt.ntnu.no imt electricship ... watercraft propulsion. Before mechanisation, merchant ships always used sail, but as long as naval ..., human propulsion is found mainly on small boats or as auxiliary propulsion on sailboats. Human propulsion includes the pole, still widely used in marshy areas, rowing which was used even on large galley s, and the pedals. Propulsion by sail generally consists of a sail hoisted on an erect mast, supported by stays and spars and controlled by ropes. Sail systems were the dominant form of propulsion ... foot PS Comet Comet of 1812. Steam propulsion progressed considerably over the rest of the 19th century ... built Queen Elizabeth 2 which had her steam turbines replaced with a diesel electric propulsion ... to meet the demand. It may be that the days are numbered for marine steam turbine propulsion systems ... nuclear marine propulsion nuclear powered cargo passenger ship Nuclear powered steam turbines ... to low prices of diesel oil, nuclear propulsion is rare except in some Navy and specialist vessels such as icebreaker ... Kirov class . An example of a non military ship with nuclear marine propulsion is the Arktika class ... Savannah NS Savannah have so far proved uneconomical compared with conventional propulsion ... do not generally need gearboxes. Usually such propulsion systems consist of either one ... in marine propulsion technology are necessary and the use of LNG fuel is a step toward achieving ..., from www.nb1376.com ref Gas turbines Combined marine propulsion Many warships built since the 1960s ... more details
Infobox bus transit name AC Transit logo ACTransit.png logo size 250 image ACTransit collage.jpg image caption A collage of AC Transit s buses company slogan parent founded 1960 headquarters 1600 Franklin ... Costa Counties service type bus service alliance routes 175 ref http www.actransit.org ac transit bus line descriptions AC Transit Bus Line Descriptions ref destinations stops approx. 6,500 hubs stations ... actransit.org AC Transit Alameda Contra Costa Transit District is an Oakland, California Oakland ... Bay Area . AC Transit also operates Transbay routes across San Francisco Bay to San Francisco, California ..., California Santa Clara counties. AC Transit is constituted as a special purpose district special ... closed in 2011. ref http www.dailycal.org 2011 05 25 budget 2 AC Transit cuts costs to balance ... . AC Transit serves many colleges and universities including the University of California, Berkeley ... Commuter Express ACE and Amtrak , including among other trains the Capitol Corridor . AC Transit routes ... Harbor Bay Ferry , and Emery Go Round . While most AC Transit service consists .... Hubs AC Transit s primary hubs include Bay Area Rapid Transit BART stations, major shopping centers ... 19th Street Oakland BART West Oakland BART station West Oakland BART col end Routes Main List of AC Transit routes Fares and transfer policies Image AC transit bayfair stop.jpg thumb 250px right AC Transit ... AC Transit s page on fares and passes or http www.actransit.org rider info bus fares AC Transit s page ... agencies including AC Transit, BART, SamTrans, Union City Transit , and Santa Clara Valley ... Bridge. Beginning 10 December 2005, AC Transit began participating in the regional All Nighter ..., which does not operate during owl hours. AC Transit had provided 24 hour service on many of its trunk lines prior to this date, except in the late 1990s due to budget limitations. On 30 July 2007, AC ...?articleid 68b93375&PHPSESSID b7337af325424dccd38aaf70f774490f AC Transit Turns on Solar Power ... more details
A.C. Palazzolo may refer to A.C. Palazzolo A.S.D. , a Serie D football team from Palazzolo Acreide , Sicily, Italy A.C. Palazzolo Lombardy , an Eccellenza football team from Palazzolo sull Oglio , Lombardy, Italy disambig ... more details
Infobox French commune name Moustoir Ac native name Moustoer Logunec h longitude 2.8342 latitude 47.8564 INSEE 56141 postal code 56500 department Morbihan arrondissement Pontivy canton Locmin mayor Alain Jouan term 2008 2014 intercommunality Pays de Locmin elevation min m 46 elevation max m 176 area km2 33.92 population 1476 population date 1999 Moustoir Ac Lang br Moustoer Logunec h is a Communes of France commune in the Morbihan Departments of France department of Brittany administrative region Brittany in north western France . Demographics Inhabitants of Moustoir Ac are called in French language French Moustoiracais . See also Communes of the Morbihan department References http www.maires56.asso.fr Mayors of Morbihan Association Fr icon http www.insee.fr fr methodes nomenclatures cog fichecommunale.asp?codedep 56&codecom 141 INSEE commune file External links http www.culture.gouv.fr public mistral merimee fr?ACTION CHERCHER&FIELD 98 INSEE&VALUE 98 56141 French Ministry of Culture list for Moustoir Ac Fr icon http www.viamichelin.co.uk viamichelin gbr dyn controller mapPerformPage?strAddress &strCP 56500&strLocation Moustoir Ac&strCountry 1424&image2.x 28&image2.y 7 Map of Moustoir Ac on Michelin en icon Morbihan communes DEFAULTSORT Moustoirac Category Communes of Morbihan Morbihan geo stub br Moustoer Logunec h ca Moustoir Ac ceb Moustoir Ac es Moustoir Ac eu Moustoir Ac fr Moustoir Ac it Moustoir Ac la Moustoir Ac ms Moustoir Ac nl Moustoir Ac oc Moustoir Ac pl Moustoir Ac pt Moustoir Ac sk Moustoir Ac uk vi Moustoir Ac vo Moustoir Ac war Moustoir Ac ... more details
Primary sources date March 2011 Advert date March 2011 AC Schnitzer Automobile Technik is a third party tuning company based in Aachen , Germany specializing in BMW and BMW MINI MINI cars, as well as BMW motorcycles. Founded in 1967, Schnitzer has headquarters in Aachen licence plate code AC . The firm has common roots with Schnitzer Motorsport , but is a completely independent concern both commercially and legally. AC Schnitzer is part of the Kohl Group, which also counts Steinmetz Opel Tuning Steinmetz as one of its associates. Brands and products Image ACS Gebaeude.jpg thumb The new company building in Aachen AC Schnitzer was established in 1987. Its range includes tuning for BMW motor vehicles and also motorcycle arm and the Mini and Land Rover makes. The range includes individual components such as chassis, custom exhaust systems and light alloy wheels, as well as complete vehicles and performance tuning for petrol and diesel engines. Most accessories can be obtained via official channels through BMW dealers. AC Schnitzer components are obtainable via exclusive importers in more than 50 countries worldwide. In addition to its customizing business with 55 employees, the firm s new buildings in Aachen are home to several car firms, boutiques and a luxury restaurant. Products The core products offered by AC Schnitzer include chassis components, which receive final tuning on the N rburgring ... produces light alloy wheels up to size 22 inch. align right Image AC Schnitzer Tension.JPG thumb AC Schnitzer Tension Image AC Schnitzer Tension Heck.JPG thumb AC Schnitzer Tension Other products include ... lift, for example. AC Schnitzer also makes products for vehicle interiors using materials such as aluminium ... links http www.schnitzer.de Schnitzer general website http www.ac schnitzer.com en AC Schnitzer Category ... established in 1987 Category Automotive motorsports and performance companies de AC Schnitzer nl AC Schnitzer ja AC no AC Schnitzer pl AC Schnitzer pt AC Schnitzer fi AC Schnitzer sv AC Schnitzer ... more details
No footnotes date July 2010 Image ACAC Converter Classification.jpg thumb Fig 1 Classification of three phase ACAC converter circuits. ref J. W. Kolar, T. Friedli, F. Krismer, S. D. Round, The Essence of Three Phase ACAC Converter Systems , Proceedings of the 13th Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference EPE PEMC 08 , Poznan, Poland, pp. 27 42, Sept. 1 3, 2008. ref Image Three Phase ACAC voltage DC.jpg thumb Fig 2 Topology of regenerative voltage source inverter AC DC AC converter ref I. Takahashi, Y. Itoh, Electrolytic Capacitor Less PWM Inverter , in Proceedings of the IPEC 90, Tokyo, Japan, , pp. 131 138, April 2 6, 1990. ref Image 3PAC current DC.jpg thumb Fig 3 Topology of current source inverter AC DC AC converter ref K. Kuusela, M. Salo, H. Tuusa, A Current Source PWM Converter Fed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive with Adjustable DC Link Current , in Proceedings ... AC Motors , IEEE Transactions Industry Electronics, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 475 479, 1989. ref ref ... Oct. 4, 2001. ref A solid state ACAC converter converts an Alternating current AC waveform to another AC waveform, where the output voltage and frequency can be set arbitrarily. Referring to Fig 1, ACAC converters can be categorized as follows Indirect ACAC or AC DC AC converters i.e., with rectifier ... section to feed energy back into the AC line. Such phase controlled thyristor based rectifiers however have higher AC line distortion and low power factor at low load then diode based rectifiers. An ACAC converter with approximately sinusoidal input currents and bidirectional power flow ... rectifier is controlled in a way that a sinusoidal AC line current is drawn, which is in phase or anti phase for energy feedback with the corresponding AC line phase voltage. Due to the DC link storage ... purposes. Furthermore, a constant, AC line independent input quantity exists for the PWM inverter ... that achieve three phase ACAC conversion without any intermediate energy storage element. Conventional ... more details
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