ActorBasedConcurrentLanguage ABCL is a family of programming language s, developed in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s. ABCL 1 ABCL 1 ActorBasedConcurrentLanguage is a prototype based programming prototype basedconcurrent programming language for the ABCL MIMD system, created in 1986 by Akinori Yonezawa , of the Department of Information Science at the University of Tokyo . ABCL 1 uses asynchronous message passing among object programming objects to achieve concurrency. It requires Common Lisp . Implementations in Kyoto Common Lisp KCL and Symbolics Lisp are available from the author. ABCL R ABCL R is an object oriented reflection computer science reflective subset of ABCL 1, written by Professor Akinori Yonezawa of Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1988. ABCL R2 ABCL R2 is a second generation version of ABCL R, designed for the Hybrid Group Architecture. It was produced at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1992, and has almost all the functionality of ABCL 1. It is written in Common Lisp . As a reflective language, its programs can dynamically control their behavior, including scheduling policy, from within a user process context. ABCL c ABCL c is an object oriented concurrentlanguage, a variant of ABCL 1 based on C programming language C instead of Lisp programming language Lisp . References ABCL An Object Oriented Concurrent System , A. Yonezawa ed, MIT Press 1990 Reflection in an Object Oriented ConcurrentLanguage , T. Watanabe et al., SIGPLAN Notices 23 11 306 315 Nov 1988 An Implementation of An Operating System Kernel using Concurrent Object Oriented Language ABCL c , N. Doi et al. in ECOOP 88, S. Gjessing et al. eds, LNCS 322, Springer 1988 FOLDOC External links official website http venus.is.s.u tokyo.ac.jp pl abcl.html Category Prototype based programming languages Category Concurrent programming languages Category Common Lisp software Category Lisp programming language family prog lang stub fr ABCL 1 ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 The term object basedlanguage may be used in a technical sense to describe any programming language that uses the idea of encapsulating state and operations inside object computer science objects . Object based languages need not support Inheritance computer science inheritance or Subtype subtyping , but those that do are also said to be object oriented programming object oriented . Object based languages that do not support inheritance or subtyping are usually not considered to be true object oriented languages. Examples of object oriented programming language object oriented languages include Simula , Smalltalk , C whose object model was based on Simula s , Objective C whose object model was based on Smalltalk s , Eiffel programming language Eiffel , Python programming language Python , Ruby programming language Ruby , Java programming language Java , C Sharp programming language C , Visual Basic .NET and REALbasic an object oriented BASIC dialect . An example of a language that is object based but not object oriented is Visual Basic VB . VB supports both objects and classes, but not inheritance, so it does not qualify as object oriented. In practice, the term object based is normally applied only to those object based languages that are not also object oriented. Although all object oriented languages are also object based, by definition, they are not normally referred to as such. Fact date June 2008 Instead the terms object based and object oriented ... other template objects. An example of a commonly used prototype basedlanguage is JavaScript . Both object based and object oriented languages whether class based or prototype based may be statically type checked. Statically checking prototype based languages can be difficult because these languages .... Sometimes the term object based is applied to prototype based languages , true object oriented languages ... object from which they inherit changed, at run time. Programming language Category Computer programming ... more details
Task basedlanguage learning TBLL , also known as task basedlanguage teaching TBLT or task based instruction TBI focuses on the use of authentic language and on asking students to do meaningful tasks using the target language. Such tasks can include visiting a doctor, conducting an interview, or calling customer service for help. Assessment is primarily based on task outcome in other words the appropriate completion of tasks rather than on accuracy of language forms. This makes TBLL especially popular for developing target language fluency and student confidence. TBLL was popularized by N. Prabhu while working in Bangalore, India ref Harmer, Jeremy. The Practice of English Language Teaching ..., and the language focus. ref Willis, Jane. A Framework for Task Based Learning. pg. 135 136. Longman ... are commonly used in task basedlanguage learning. These include dictogloss ref cite book last Ellis first Rod title Task basedLanguage Learning and Teaching publisher Oxford University Press location ...., & Bley Vroman, R. Grammar and Task Based Methodology. In G. Crookes & S. Gass Eds. , Tasks and Language ... While task basedlanguage learning is increasingly promoted world wide and has the advantages described .... Related approaches to language teaching Problem Based Learning is a student centered ... problems. References Reflist Language teaching methods DEFAULTSORT Task BasedLanguage Learning ... learn language just as easily with a non linguistic problem as when they were concentrating on linguistic ... Lexical category parts of the language used are deemphasized during the activity itself, in order ... a task based learning lesson, here is a rather comprehensive one suggested by Jane Willis. Pre task ..., in pure task based learning lessons, these will be presented as suggestions and the students ..., or video demonstrating the task. ref name one Frost, Richard. A Task based Approach. British Council ... in the task, in regards to language. It may include language forms that the students were using, problems ... more details
A languagebased system is a type of operating system that uses programming languagelanguage features to provide security, instead of or in addition to hardware mechanisms. In such systems, code referred to as the trusted base is responsible for approving programs for execution computing execution , assuring they cannot perform operations detrimental to the system s stability without first being detected and dealt with. ref name Schneider http www.cs.cmu.edu rwh papers langsec dagstuhl.pdf A LanguageBased Approach to Security , Schneider F., Morrissett G. Cornell University and Harper R. Carnegie Mellon University . Informatics 10 Years Back, 10 Years Ahead. 2000 ref A very common strategy of guaranteeing such operations are impossible is to base the system around a High level programming language high level language , such as Java programming language Java , whose design precludes dangerous constructs many are entirely written in such a language, with only the minimum amount of low level programming language low level code being used. ref cite web title JX A flexible Java Operating System poster url http www4.informatik.uni erlangen.de Projects JX poster jx poster.jpg author Michael Golm, Meik Felser, Christian Wawerish, Jü rgen Klein der publisher University of Erlangen accessdate 2007 04 21 ref Since languagebased systems can assure ahead of time that they cannot do things that can damage the system such as corrupting memory by dereferencing dangling pointer s , it is possible for them to avoid expensive address space switches needed by traditional OSes because of this microkernel s are more popular than on traditional systems. Citation needed date April 2011 Examples ... programming language Emerald References Reflist refbegin A Sabelfeld, AC Myers http ieeexplore.ieee.org xpl freeabs all.jsp?arnumber 1159651&isnumber 25986 Languagebased information flow security ... http doi.acm.org 10.1145 505586.505589 Termination in languagebased systems ACM Transactions on Information ... more details
Languagebased learning disabilities or LBLD are Heterogenous heterogeneous disorders associated with young children that affect their academic skills such as listening, reasoning ref name Vinson2006 cite book author Vinson, Betsy Partin. title Language Disorders Across the Lifespan publisher Cengage Demar location Belmont year 2006 isbn 1418009547 ref speaking, reading, writing, and math calculations. It is also associated with movement, coordination, and direct attention. LBLD is not usually identified ... includes disabilities from psychomotor difficulties to dyscalculia , and verbal, languagebased. ref http www.parentinged.com learning disabilities An Introduction To LanguageBased Learning Disabilities.html ref ref American Speech Language Hearing Association ref Symptoms Symptoms of LBLD It consists ... ref Prevalence 15 20 of the children in the United States have a languagebased learning disability ... with languagebased learning disabilities such as Landmark School in Massachusetts. See also Specific language impairment External links http www.springerlink.com content w6tj10878k746637 Language ... hereditary, and is frequently associated to specific language problems. ref http www.asha.org public ... difficulties associated with written language such as trouble learning new vocabulary, letters ... and spoken language involve trouble understanding questions and following directions, understanding ... language impairment. journal Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry volume 41 pages 869 874 pmid ... book author Paul, Rhea, Pamela Bruni, and Ayub Balweel. title Language Disorders from Infancy Through ... Diagnosis A speech language pathologist SLP , psychologist , social worker , and sometimes neurologist ..., they evaluate speaking, listening, reading, and written language for children who have LBLD. SLPs evaluate ..., P. Keating and M.S. Seidenberg year 2000 title Language Deficits in Dyslexic Children Speech Perception ... treatment. These classes focus on activities that sustain growth in language skills. The foundation ... more details
theoretical purely actorbasedlanguage defined in terms of itself Ada programming language Ada Afnix programming language Afnix &ndash concurrent access to data is protected automatically previously called Aleph , but unrelated to Alef Alef programming language Alef &ndash concurrentlanguage with threads ... from pi calculus Axum programming language Axum &ndash domain specific concurrent programming language, based on the Actor model and on the .NET Common Language Runtime using a C like syntax. Chapel ... with explicit support for concurrent programming Actor model E programming language E &ndash uses ... language Go &ndash systems programming language with explicit support for concurrent programming Io programming language Io &ndash actorbased concurrency Janus computer programming language Janus features ... Java &ndash concurrentlanguagebased on the Java programming language Java programming language ... concurrent, nondeterministic languagebased on Kleene algebra . Oz programming language Oz &ndash ... language C . This style of concurrent programming usually requires the application of some form ... language and COPL Concurrent programming languages are programming languages that use language .... Charm &ndash C like language for thousands of processors. Cilk &ndash a concurrent C programming language ... &ndash a modern Lisp targeting the JVM Concurrent Clean &ndash a functional programming language, similar to Haskell programming language Haskell Concurrent Haskell &ndash lazy, pure functional language ... ML Concurrent Pascal &ndash by Per Brinch Hansen Curry programming language Curry D programming ... software SCOOP mechanism based on the concepts of Design by Contract Erlang programming language Erlang ... language Joyce &ndash a concurrent teaching language built on Concurrent Pascal with features ... between shared nothing objects SALSA programming language SALSA &ndash actorlanguage with token ... Stackless Python StratifiedJS &ndash a combinator based concurrency languagebased on JavaScript SuperPascal ... more details
Wikify date September 2011 CAL the Cal ActorLanguage is a high level programming language ref name CAL CAL Language Report Specification of the CAL actorlanguage, Johan Eker and J rn W. Janneck, Technical ... efforts. History and Introduction The CAL ActorLanguage was developed in 2001 as part of the Ptolemy II project at University of California at Berkeley. CAL is a dataflow language ... these steps do in terms of token production and consumption, and the update of the actor state , and how to pick the step that the actor will perform next. This section discusses some of the constructs in the CAL language that deal with these issues. A Very Simple Actor One of the simplest actors ... would be difficult or impossible to achieve using a sequential programming language. Sequential languages ... as is required, enabling tools to produce sophisticated implementations that exploit the concurrent ... a concurrent description of a computational system, which is different from a common sequential program ... perform their computation in a sequence of steps we call firings. In each of those steps 1. the actor ... tokens at its output ports. Consequently, describing an actor involves describing its interface to the outside ... the actor ID does source lang text actor ID In Out action In a Out a end end source The first line declares the actor name, followed by a list of parameters which is empty, in this case , and the declaration ... . The second line defines an action. Actions are the beef of an actor they describe the things that happen during a step that an actor takes. In fact, it is accurate to say that a step consists of executing ... an actor takes a step, it may consume input tokens and produce output tokens. The action in ID ... to the original one above source lang text actor ID In Out action In a a end end actor ID In Out action a Out a end end actor ID In Out action a a end end source The next example, Add , shows an actor ... of the two input tokens source lang text actor Add Input1, Input2 Output action Input1 a , Input2 ... more details
Refimprove date April 2010 The Actor programming language was invented by Charles Duff of The Whitewater Group in 1988. It was an offshoot of some object oriented extensions to the Forth language he had been working on. Actor would be categorized as a pure object oriented language in the style of Smalltalk . Like Smalltalk, everything was an object, including small integers. A Baker semi space Garbage collection computer science garbage collector was used, along with in memory constrained Windows 2.1 days a software virtual memory system that swapped objects. A token threaded Interpreted language interpreter , written in 16 bit x86 assembly language, was the execution mechanism for compiled code. Actor only was released on the Microsoft Windows 2.1 and 3.0 operating system. Actor used perhaps the first pure object oriented framework over native operating system calls as its basic GUI architecture. This allowed an Actor application to look and feel exactly like a Windows application written in C, but with all the advantages of an interactive Smalltalk like development environment. Both a downside and upside to this architecture was a tight coupling to the Windows OS architecture, with a thin abstraction layer into objects. This allowed direct use of the rich Windows OS API, but also made it nearly impossible to support any other OS without a significant rewrite of the application framework. Further reading ref name Inc.1990 cite journal author Don Crabs title Actor offers a sophisticated OOP development system url http books.google.com books?id LjwEAAAAMBAJ&pg PT86 accessdate 18 August 2011 date 15 October 1990 publisher InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. pages 86 issn 01996649 ref References Reflist Category Smalltalk programming language family Category Object oriented programming languages ... more details
about films based on French language comics other languages List of films based on comics This is a list of films based on French language comics . It includes films that are Film adaptation adaptation ... Luke ref Lucky Luke 2009 Lucky Luke 2009 ref imdb title id 1235536 title Lucky Luke ref Based on Michel Vaillant Michel Vaillant film Michel Vaillant 2003 Based on Persepolis comics Persepolis Persepolis film Persepolis 2007 Based on The Rabbi s Cat The Rabbi s Cat 2011 Based on The Smurfs Les Aventures des Schtroumpfs 1965 The Smurfs and the Magic Flute 1976 The Smurfs film The Smurfs 2011 Based on Titeuf Titeuf film Titeuf 2011 Based on Tanguy et Laverdure Les Chevaliers du ciel 2005 See also List of films based on English language comics List of films based on manga Also related List of TV series based on French language comics List of films based on comic strips List of fiction works ... comics. Films Based on XIII comics XIII XIII miniseries XIII 2008 Based on The Adventures of Tintin ... 1972 The Adventures of Tintin Secret of the Unicorn 2011 Based on Asterix Asterix the Gaul ... s Service 2012 Asterix The Land of the Gods 2014 Based on Les Aventures extraordinaires d Ad le Blanc ... Blanc Sec 2010 Based on Aya of Yop City Aya de Yopougon film Aya de Yopougon 2012 Based on Barbarella comics Barbarella Barbarella film Barbarella 1968 Based on Blueberry comics Blueberry Blueberry film Blueberry 2004 Based on Couleur de peau miel Approved for Adoption 2012 Based on La Foire aux immortels Immortal 2004 film Immortal 2004 Gainsbourg Vie h ro que 2010 Based on Iznogoud Iznogoud Calife A La Place Du Calife 2005 ref imdb title id 0402294 title Iznogoud ref Based on Jesuit Joe Jesuit Joe 1991 Based on Largo Winch Largo Winch film Largo Winch 2008 Based on Lucky Luke Daisy Town 1971 ... Superheroes Lives Internationals Category Films based on comics French Category Franco Belgian comics Category Lists of films based on comics es Anexo Pel culas basadas en historietas franco ... more details
Skill based theories of second language acquisition are theories of second language acquisition theories of second language acquisition based on models of skill acquisition in cognitive psychology . These theories conceive of second language acquisition as being learned in the same way as any other skill, such as learning to drive a car or play the piano. That is, they see practice learning method practice as the key ingredient of language acquisition. The most well known of these theories is based on John Robert Anderson psychologist John Anderson s adaptive control of thought model. ref name VanPatten2010skill Harvnb VanPatten Benati 2010 pp 149 150 , Skill s . ref Adaptive control of thought Main ACT R The adaptive control of thought model assumes a distinction between declarative knowledge , knowledge that is conscious and consists of facts, ref name Schmidt2010declarative Harvnb Richards Schmidt 2009 , Declarative knowledge . ref and procedural knowledge , knowledge of how an activity is done. ref name Schmidt2010procedural Harvnb Richards Schmidt 2009 , Procedural knowledge . ref ref name Schmidt2010ACT Harvnb Richards Schmidt 2009 , Adaptive control of thought . ref In this model, skill acquisition is seen as a progression from declarative to procedural knowledge. ref name Schmidt2010ACT Adaptive control of thought is a general model of cognition, and second language acquisition is just one application of a wide area of research in cognitive psychology. ref name VanPatten2010ACT Harvnb VanPatten Benati 2010 p 62 , Adaptive Control of Thought model . ref Second language acquisition is seen as a progression through three stages, declarative, procedural, and autonomous ... first Jack C. editor2 last Schmidt editor2 first Richard title Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching ... Terms in Second Language Acquisition publisher Continuum location London year 2010 isbn 978 0 8264 9914 1 ref harv refend SLA topics Category Language acquisition ... more details
Onesource date March 2009 Namespace based Validation Dispatching Language NVDL is an XML schema language for XML Validation validating XML documents that integrate with multiple XML Namespace namespaces . It is an International Organization for Standardization ISO International Electrotechnical Commission IEC standard, and it is Part 4 of the Document Schema Definition Languages DSDL schema specification. Much of the work on NVDL is based on the older Namespace Routing Language . Validation Most XML languages are based on a single XML namespace. The expectation in these cases is that XML elements in a particular namespace belong to that language, and elements in another namespace belong to another language. Many XML languages allow the use of arbitrary elements from other namespaces. The problem arises during the attempt to validate these hybrid documents. Each language is defined by a specific XML schema, but there is no linkage between the schemas. The purpose of NVDL is to provide that linkage, based on namespaces. By associating a schema validator with an NVDL schema, the validator can use multiple schemas to validate a single document, switching between them based on the namespaces used in that document. Format NVDL documents contain a list of rules, each of which has one or more actions to take when that rule is true. Rules include a specific namespace and a mode setting. NVDL recognizes the mode as a particular piece of state that changes as the document is processed. Actions occur when a rule is true. Actions can include validating a schema, declaring the instance document invalid, accepting this part of the instance document as valid, and continue validating as the parent did. Actions can also change the current NVDL mode. Multiple actions can be taken when a rule ... Category ISO standards Category XML based standards de Namespace based Validation Dispatching Language ja Namespace based Validation Dispatching Language ... more details
A Language culture based charter school is a Charter school whose curriculum is based on the language and culture of a specific ethnic nation or group of nations, although the schools are open to students of all ethnic backgrounds. A review by the Washington advocacy group, National Alliance for Public Charter Schools, found that among the more than 4,600 charters nationwide, 113 have mission statements specifying such ethnic cultural themes. These include the Amber Charter School in the Washington Heights, Manhattan Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, the Eugenio Maria de Hostos Charter School in Rochester, New York , ref HEBREW BROUHAHA NYC S NEXT NEW SCHOOL WAR, By THOMAS W. CARROLL, New York Post, May 29, 2008 http www.nypost.com seven 05292008 postopinion opedcolumnists hebrew brouhaha 112964.htm ref both of which feature instruction in Spanish and in Hispanic cultures, the Ben Gamla Charter School , the country s first Hebrew language charter school, which opened in Hollywood, Florida , in 2007, the Tarek ibn Ziyad Academy , the Pioneer Valley Chinese Immersion Charter School , where by grade six all subjects except English language arts will be taught in Chinese, ref State poised to OK school for Chinese immersion, By Jenna Russell, Boston Globe, February 27, 2007 http www.boston.com news education k 12 articles 2007 02 27 state poised to ok school for chinese immersion ref and the Hellenic Classical Charter School in Brooklyn, New York. ref January 12, 2009 State Weighs Approval of School Dedicated to Hebrew, By ELISSA GOOTMAN, New York Times, http www.nytimes.com 2009 01 12 nyregion 12hebrew.html?ref education ref A language culture based charter school is similar in many respects to a religious charter school. Lawrence D. Weinberg , in his book Religious Charter Schools Legalities and Practicalities, argues that a charter school can be religious in many ... schools that converted to charters as happened in Washington, D.C. and some Hebrew or Arabic language ... more details
about films based on English language comic books other languages List of films based on comics comic strips List of films based on comic strips This is a list of films based on English language comics , including comic books, graphic novels, and features in anthology comics magazines. It includes films that are Film adaptation adaptation s of English language English language comic s, and those films whose characters originated in comic books e.g. Batman is not an adaptation of one particular comic book, but the character First appearance first appeared in comic books, not in another medium . It also includes film serials. It does not include material where the original source is newspaper comic strips, which are featured on list of films based on comic strips a separate list . All films categorized by character listed chronologically. CompactTOC8 center yes top yes seealso yes notesfirst yes refs yes extlinks yes custom1 Upcoming films 0&ndash 9 30 Days of Night 30 Days of Night film 30 Days of Night 2007 ref imdb title id 0389722 title 30 Days of Night ref 30 Days of Night film Sequel 30 Days of Night Dark Days 2010 ref http www.dreadcentral.com news 38419 30 days night dark days ... also Superhero film List of films based on French language comics List of films based on manga List of films based on Dark Horse Comics List of films based on DC Comics List of films based on Marvel Comics Also related List of films based on comic strips List of films based on radio series List of television programs based on comics Notes Reflist 2 References http www.superheroeslives.com Superheroes Lives , List of films based on comics External links http www.comicbookmovie.com Comic Book Movie ... Alien vs. Predator Alien vs. Predator film Alien vs. Predator 2004, based from previous Alien and Predator ... The Comic Book Movies Website Category Films based on comics English Category Comics related lists Films Category Lists of works based on comics Films Category Lists of films based on comics de Liste ... more details
Concurrent Haskell extends ref Simon Peyton Jones, Andrew D. Gordon , and Sigbjorn Finne. http www.haskell.org ghc docs papers concurrent haskell.ps.gz Concurrent Haskell . ACM SIGPLAN SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages PoPL . 1996. Some sections are out of date with respect to the current implementation. ref Haskell 98 with explicit concurrency. The two main concepts underpinning Concurrent Haskell are A primitive type code MVar code implementing a bounded single place Actor model and process calculi Asynchronous channels asynchronous channel , which is either empty or holds a value of type code code . The ability to spawn a concurrent thread via the code forkIO code primitive. Built atop this is a collection of useful concurrency and synchronisation abstractions ref The http www.haskell.org ghc docs latest html libraries Haskell Hierarchical Libraries , http www.haskell.org ghc docs latest html libraries base Control Concurrent.html Control.Concurrent ref such as Actor model and process calculi Asynchronous channels unbounded channels , Semaphore programming semaphores and sample variables. Default Haskell threads have very low overheads creation, context switching and scheduling are all internal to the Haskell runtime. These Haskell level threads are mapped onto a configurable number of OS level threads, usually one per processor core . Software Transactional ... html Control Concurrent STM.html Control.Concurrent.STM ref to the Glasgow Haskell Compiler reuses the process forking primitives of Concurrent Haskell. STM however eschews code MVar code s in favour ... amount source This might work some of the time, but causes problems in concurrent situations .... The lock based code above translates in a relatively straightforward way source lang haskell type ... monad. References references Category Haskell programming language family compu lang stub ca Haskell concurrent ... more details
Infobox programming language name Concurrent Euclid ConEuc logo paradigm Multi paradigm programming language multi paradigm structured programming structured , Imperative programming imperative , Functional programming functional year 1980 designer James Cordy and Ric Holt developer James Cordy and Ric Holt latest release version X.Y.Z release date mf yes YYYY MM DD latest release date typing strong typing strong , static typing static implementations dialects influenced by Euclid programming language Euclid , Communicating Sequential Processes influenced Turing Plus operating system Cross platform PDP 11 , VAX 11 , Motorola 68000 , Motorola 6809 license website file ext Concurrent Euclid ConEuc is a concurrent descendant of the Euclid programming language designed by James Cordy and Ric Holt , then at the University of Toronto , in 1980. ConEuc was designed for concurrent, high performance, highly reliable system software , such as operating systems , compilers and embedded microprocessor systems. The TUNIS operating system, a Unix variant, was implemented entirely in Concurrent Euclid ... comparable to the best C programming language C compilers. Concurrent Euclid programs that used concurrency could be run on a bare machine supported by a small assembly language kernel , or in simulated mode as an ordinary process running under an operating system. The Turing programming language is a direct descendant of Concurrent Euclid and its Turing Plus programming language Turing Plus variant ... monitors as specified by C.A.R. Hoare as well as language constructs needed for systems programming ... of Concurrent Euclid. Technical reports CSRI 115 July 1980 and CSRI 133 August 1981 , Computer Systems Research Institute, University of Toronto. 54 pages. R.C. Holt 1982. Concurrent Euclid ... R.C. Holt 1982. A short introduction to Concurrent Euclid. SIGPLAN Not. 17, 5 May. 1982 , 60 79. http ... in Concurrent Euclid. SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 16, 1 January 1982 , 4 5. Category Concurrent ... more details
for the journal Concurrent Engineering journal Cleanup date December 2007 Citations missing date December 2007 Concurrent engineering is a work methodology based on the parallelization of tasks i.e. performing .... ref Ma, Y., Chen, G. & Thimm, G. Paradigm Shift Unified and Associative Feature basedConcurrent ... Shift Unified and Associative Feature basedConcurrent Engineering and Collaborative Engineering ... time required to bring a new product to the market. Introduction The concurrent engineering ... 008 0128 y ref Because of this, concurrent engineering has gathered much attention from industry and has ... industry. The basic premise for concurrent engineering revolves around two concepts. The first ..., should be taken into careful consideration in the early design phases. ref Kusiak, Andrew Concurrent ... activities should all be occurring at the same time, or concurrently. The overall goal being that the concurrent ...., A Study on Collaborative Mechanism for Product Design in Distributed Concurrent Engineering IEEE ref This philosophy is key to the success of concurrent engineering because it allows for errors and redesigns ... into the physical realm. ref name concurrent Kusiak, Andrew, Concurrent Engineering Automation ... force capability and time, subject areas that are extremely important factors in the success of a concurrent ... proven to be significant and is generally the deciding factor for companies moving to a concurrent design framework. ref name study One of the most important reasons for the huge success of concurrent ... place for decades. This was a structure based on a sequential design flow, sometimes called the Waterfall .... ref Concurrent engineering significantly modifies this outdated method and instead opts to use what ... more say in the overall design process due to the collaborative nature of concurrent engineering. Giving ... that is assigned a task with little say in the general process. ref name concurrent By making ... problems of its own . ref Kusiak, Andrew, Concurrent Engineering Automation, Tools and Techniques ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 Concurrent Pascal also known as PASCAL FC was designed by Per Brinch Hansen for writing concurrent computing programs such as operating system s and real time monitoring systems on shared memory computers. A separate language, Sequential Pascal , is used as the language for applications programs run by the operating systems written in Concurrent Pascal. Both languages are extensions of Niklaus Wirth s Pascal programming language Pascal , and share a common threaded code interpreter . The following describes how Concurrent Pascal differs from Wirth s Pascal. Language description Several constructs in Pascal were removed from Concurrent Pascal for simplicity and security variant records the goto statement and labels Subroutine procedures as parameter s packed array s pointer computer programming pointer types file types and associated standard input output procedures . These omissions make it possible to guarantee, by a combination of compile time checks and minimal run time checking in the threaded code interpreter, that a program can not damage itself or another program by addressing outside its allotted space. Concurrent Pascal includes class, monitor, and process data types. Instances of these types are declared as variables, and initialized in an init statement. Classes and monitors are similar both package private variables and procedures with public procedures called procedure entries . A class instance can be used by only one process, whereas a monitor instance may be shared by processes. Monitors provide the only mechanism for interprocess communication in a Concurrent Pascal program. Only one process can execute within a given monitor ..., and monitor procedures. Processes communicate through monitor procedures. Language rules prevent ... hang up through programming errors. The configuration of processes, monitors, and classes in a Concurrent ... the consumer process end. source Pascal programming language family Category Pascal programming language ... more details
Concurrent ML CML is a Concurrency computer science concurrent extension of the Standard ML programming language. Sample Code Here is sample code to print hello, world to the console. It spawns a thread computer science thread which creates a channel for string computer science strings . This thread then spawns another thread which prints the first string that is received on the channel. The former thread then sends the hello, world n string on the channel. It uses Standard ML of New Jersey SML NJ and CML note that the heap name will be different on non linux x86 platforms you may need to change the line with cml test.x86 linux to something different cml test.cm Library structure Hello is cml basis.cm cml cml.cm cml test.sml cml test.sml structure Hello struct open CML fun hello let val c string chan channel in spawn fn TextIO.print recv c send c, hello, world n exit end fun main name, argv RunCML.doit fn ignore spawn hello , NONE end Running ml build cml test.cm Hello.main Standard ML of New Jersey v110.60 built Mon Nov 27 14 19 21 2006 scanning cml test.cm library cml basis.cm is stable library cml cml.cm is stable parsing cml test.cm cml test.sml creating directory .cm SKEL library cml cml internal.cm is stable library cml core cml.cm is stable library SMLNJ BASIS basis.cm is stable compiling cml test.cm cml test.sml creating directory .cm GUID creating directory .cm x86 unix code 2170, data 42, env 2561 bytes scanning 18518 export.cm scanning 18518 export.cm cml test.cm parsing 18518 export.cm 18518 export.sml compiling 18518 export.cm 18518 export.sml code 309, data 37, env 42 bytes heap2exec cml test.x86 linux cml test . cml test hello, world External links http cml.cs.uchicago.edu The language homepage Category ML programming language family Category Programming languages created in the 1990s fr Concurrent ML ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2009 Concurrent MetateM is a Multi agent system multi agent language in which each agent is programmed using a set of augmented temporal logic specifications of the behaviour it should exhibit. These specifications are executed directly to generate the behaviour of the agent. As a result, there is no risk of invalidating the logic as with systems where logical specification must first be translated to a lower level implementation. The root of the MetateM concept is Gabbay s separation theorem any arbitrary temporal logic formula can be rewritten in a logical equivalence logically equivalent past &rarr future form. Execution proceeds by a process of continually matching rules against a history, and firing those rules when antecedent s are satisfied. Any instantiated future time consequents become commitments which must subsequently be satisfied, iteratively generating a model for the formula made up of the program rules. Temporal Connectives The Temporal Connectives of Concurrent MetateM can divided into two categories, as follows Strict past time connectives weak last , strong last , was , heretofore , S since , and Z zince, or weak since . Present and future time connectives next , sometime , always , U until , and W unless . The connectives , , , , , , are unary the remainder are binary. Strict past time connectives Weak last is satisfied now if was true in the previous time. If is interpreted at the beginning of time, it is satisfied despite there being no actual previous time. Hence weak last. Strong last is satisfied now if was true in the previous time. If is interpreted at the beginning of time, it is not satisfied because there is no actual previous time. Hence strong last. Was is satisfied now if was true in any previous moment in time. Heretofore is satisfied now if was true in every previous moment in time ... intelligence Comp sci stub DEFAULTSORT Concurrent Metatem ... more details
Concurrent validity is a parameter used in sociology, psychology, and other psychometric or behavioral sciences. Concurrent validity is demonstrated where a test correlates well with a measure that has previously been Validity statistics validated . The two measures may be for the same construct, or for different, but presumably related, constructs. The two measures are taken at the same time. This is in contrast to predictive validity , where one measure occurs earlier and is meant to predict some later measure. ref McIntire, S.A. and Miller, L.A., Foundations of Psychological Testing,2nd Edition, Sage Publishing Co., 2005. ref Concurrent validity and predictive validity are two types of criterion related validity. The difference between concurrent validity and predictive validity rests solely on the time at which the two measures are administered. Concurrent validity applies to validation studies in which the two measures are administered at approximately the same time. For example, an employment test may be administered to a group of workers and then the test scores can be correlated with the ratings of the workers supervisors taken on the same day or in the same week. The resulting correlation would be a concurrent validity coefficient. Predictive validity differs only in that the time between taking the test and gathering supervisor ratings is longer, i.e., several months or years. In the example above, predictive validity would be the best choice for validating an employment test, because employment tests are designed to predict performance. See also Construct validity Validity statistics Discriminant validity References reflist Category Validity statistics social psych stub statistics stub es Validez simult nea ... more details
This is a list of TV series based on French language comics , that is series and that are adaptations of Franco Belgian comics Francophone comics . All TV series are listed chronologically. When the series was broadcasted in English speaking countries, the title is given in English. TV series Les Aventures de Michel Vaillant 1967 Les Chevaliers du ciel 1967 69 ref imdb title id 0061230 title Bollie en Billie ref Bollie en Billie 1975 ref imdb title id 0270113 title Bollie en Billie ref Herg s Adventures of Tintin 1958 62 The Smurfs 1981 TV series The Smurfs 1981 Yakari 1983 ref imdb title id 0416439 title Yakari ref Wowser TV series Wowser 1989 The Adventures of Tintin TV series The Adventures of Tintin 1991 92 Lucky Luke TV series 1993 Marsupilami 1993 ref imdb title id 0179592 title Marsupilami ref Walter Melon TV series Walter Melon 1998 My Friend Marsupilami 2002 ref imdb title id 0313099 title Mon ami Marsupilami ref Jeremiah TV series Jeremiah 2002 2004 Boule et Bill 2004 ref imdb title id 0478399 title Boule et Bill ref Yakari 2005 ref imdb title id 0856155 title Yakari ref Rantanplan 2006 ref imdb title id 0907017 title Rantanplan ref Time Jam Valerian & Laureline 2006 See also List of films based on English language comics List of films based on manga List of films based on French language comics List of films based on comic strips List of fiction works made into feature films References refs External links http www.comicbookmovie.com Comic Book Movie http www.comics2film.com Comics2Film http www.superheroeslives.com Superheroes Lives Category Franco Belgian comics ... more details
refimprove date October 2011 Concurrent powers are those powers in nations with a federalism federal system of government that are shared by both the State and the federal government. They may be exercised simultaneously within the same territory and in relation to the same body of citizens. They are contrasted with reserved powers . Examples of the concurrent powers enjoyed by both the federal and State governments are the power to tax, build roads, establish bankruptcy laws, and create lower courts. ref http www.claremont.org repository doclib Encyclopedia 20Amer 20Const 20Arts.pdf The Encyclopedia of the America Constitution ref See also Implied powers Enumerated powers References reflist DEFAULTSORT Concurrent Powers Category Federalism Category Constitutional law government stub ... more details
Wiktionary concurrent enrolment Concurrent enrolment British English BE or concurrent enrollment American English AE is a program through which students earn college credit for courses taken during high school . Students enroll at a university or college to attain high school and or college credit for these courses. ref citeweb url http www.chickasaweducationservices.com index 146.htm title Glossary Terms author Chickasaw Nation Higher Education date 2008 04 14 ref More broadly, it can refer to a student taking multiple courses simultaneously at different educational institutions. ref citeweb url http catalog.gvsu.edu content.php?catoid 10&navoid 269 title Glossary of Terms author Grand Valley State University date 2008 06 29 ref Technically, according to http www.nacep.org National Alliance of Concurrent Enrollment Partnerships NACEP , which accredits these programs, concurrent enrollment refers to high school college partnerships that offer high school students the opportunity to take college courses in their high schools during the regular school day and the courses are taught by trained high school teachers. For related information please see Dual enrollment . Concurrent enrollment is designed for highly motivated students who are willing to work hard to achieve success in college courses while they are still in high school. Most CEPs provide guidelines for high schools to follow in terms of which students are recommended to take these courses. Guidelines vary from program ... limited to seniors. Although concurrent enrollment allows Intellectual giftedness gifted students ... also Continuing education Gifted education National Alliance of Concurrent Enrollment Partnerships NACEP References reflist External links http www.nacep.org NACEP National Alliance of Concurrent Enrollment Partnerships http www.cce.umn.edu cis research concurrent.html Research done on concurrent enrolment ... schooloptions concurrent.htm Information from the Victorian Government on concurrent enrolment http ... more details
Refimprove date March 2011 In geometry , two or more line mathematics lines are said to be concurrent if they Line line intersection intersect at a single point geometry point . In a triangle , four basic types of sets of concurrent lines are Altitude triangle altitudes , Bisection Angle bisector angle bisectors , Median geometry medians , and perpendicular bisectors A triangle s altitudes run from each Vertex geometry vertex and meet the opposite side at a right angle . The point where the three altitudes meet is the orthocenter . Angle bisectors are rays running from each vertex of the triangle and bisecting the associated angle . They all meet at the incenter . Medians connect each vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side. The three medians meet at the centroid . Perpendicular bisectors are lines running out of the midpoints of each side of a triangle at 90 degree angles. The three perpendicular bisectors meet at the circumcenter . Other sets of lines associated with a triangle are concurrent as well. For example, any median which is necessarily a Bisection Triangle area bisectors bisector of the triangle s area is concurrent with two other area bisectors each of which is parallel to a side. ref Dunn, J. A., and Pretty, J. E., Halving a triangle, Mathematical Gazette 56, May 1972, 105 108. ref Compare to Line geometry collinear . In projective geometry , in two dimensions concurrency is the Duality projective geometry dual of collinearity in three dimensions, concurrency is the dual of coplanarity . References reflist External links http mathworld.wolfram.com Concurrent.html Wolfram MathWorld Concurrent , 2010. DEFAULTSORT Concurrent Lines Category Elementary geometry eo Konver aj linioj nl Concurrent wiskunde sl op premic ta uk ... more details
Concurrent jurisdiction exists where two or more court s from different systems simultaneously have jurisdiction over a specific case. This situation leads to forum shopping , as parties will try to have their lawsuit civil or criminal law criminal case heard in the court that they perceive will be most favorable to them. United States In the United States , concurrent jurisdiction exists to the extent that the United States Constitution permits United States federal court federal courts to hear actions that can also be heard by State court United States state courts . For example, where a party from Alabama sues a party from Florida for a breach of contract , the Alabama party can sue in either the federal court located in Florida under its diversity jurisdiction or in the state court located in Florida under its personal jurisdiction over the defendant . Concurrent jurisdiction may also be created where the United States Congress , in creating a cause of action, permits the courts of the states to hear cases alleging that cause of action. For example, a state court may hear a claim for trademark infringement under the Lanham Act . Concurrent jurisdiction in the United States can also exist between different levels of state courts, and between courts and other government agencies with judicial powers. Different countries can also share concurrent jurisdiction over a case, where different countries have authority over the parties or events giving rise to the cause of action. Title 28 of the United States Code , sections 1331 & 1332 give federal courts concurrent jurisdiction with the state courts over federal question and diversity cases. Medieval Church jurisdiction In the Middle Ages , the Catholic Church Church expanded its jurisdiction in many areas of Europe widely beyond the original scope of ecclesiastical court s concerning spiritual or religious matters, thereby creating concurrent jurisdiction in many civil cases with the courts instituted by secular authorities ... more details
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