Islands Gal pagos Archipelago , are thought to have evolved by an adaptiveradiation that diversified ... biology , adaptiveradiation is the evolution of Ecology ecological and phenotypic diversity within ... Dolph title The Ecology of AdaptiveRadiation year 2000 publisher Oxford University Press isbn 0 19 ... of divergent environments. ref name Schluter2000 Adaptiveradiation, a characteristic example of cladogenesis ... an adaptiveradiation ref name Schluter2000 A common ancestry of component species specifically a recent ... , and in each instance was immediately followed by an adaptiveradiation. ref name Jernvall1996 ... the evolution of flight opened new avenues for evolution to explore, initiating an adaptiveradiation ... Island, etc. . Richard Leakey Leakey, Richard . The Origin of Humankind &mdash on adaptiveradiation .... What evolution is. Basic Books, New York, NY. Kemp, A.C. 1978. A review of the hornbills biology and radiation. The Living Bird 17 105 136. Gavrilets, S. and A. Vose. 2005. Dynamic patterns of adaptiveradiation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102 18040 18045. Gavrilets, S. and A. Vose. 2009. Dynamic patterns of adaptiveradiation evolution of mating preferences . In Butlin, RK, J Bridle, and D Schluter ... AdaptiveRadiation Category Speciation Category Evolutionary biology terminology ar bg ca Radiaci adaptativa de AdaptiveRadiation et Adaptiivne radiatsioon es Radiaci n ... pt Irradia o adaptativa ru simple Adaptiveradiation sk Adapt vna radi cia sr ... . ref name Levin 21 Opportunity Adaptive radiations often occur as a result of an organism ... fish adaptively radiated from one parent species in just 15,000 years. Adaptive radiations ... event Permo Triassic boundary . See also Evolutionary radiation &mdash a more general term to describe any radiation Cambrian explosion &mdash the most famous evolutionary radiation List of adaptive radiated Hawaiian honeycreepers by form new Article, 26 may 2010 List of adaptive radiated marsupials ... more details
Other uses File Alfa beta gamma radiation penetration.svg 300px thumb right Illustration of the relative abilities of three different types of ionizing radiation to penetrate solid matter. Alpha particles ... radiation is dampened when it penetrates matter. In physics , radiation is a process in which energy energetic particles or energy energetic waves travel through a medium or space. Two types of radiation are commonly differentiated in the way they interact with normal chemical matter ionizing radiation ionizing and non ionizing radiation non ionizing radiation. The word radiation is often colloquially used in reference to ionizing radiation i.e., radiation having sufficient energy to ionize an atom , but the term radiation may correctly also refer to non ionizing radiation e.g., radio waves , infrared radiation heat or light visible light . The particles or waves radiate i.e., travel outward ... units that are applicable to all types of radiation. Both ionizing and non ionizing radiation ..., ionizing radiation is far more harmful to living organisms per unit of energy deposited than non ionizing radiation, since the ions that are produced by ionizing radiation, even at low radiation powers, have the potential to cause DNA damage. By contrast, most non ionizing radiation is harmful ... at low powers which do not produce significant temperature rise. Ultraviolet radiation in some aspects occupies a middle ground, in having some features of both ionizing and non ionizing radiation. Although nearly all of the ultraviolet spectrum of radiation is non ionizing, at the same time ultraviolet radiation does far more damage to many molecules in biological systems than is accounted ... to biological systems due to low power ionizing and non ionization radiation is not settled. Controversy continues about possible non heating effects of low power non ionizing radiation, such as non heating microwave and radio wave exposure. Non ionizing radiation is usually considered to have no completely ... more details
wiktionarypar radiationRadiation is a process in which a body emits energy that propagates through a medium, or through empty space, to be absorbed by other bodies. Radiation may also refer to Physics Electromagnetic radiation , radiation that takes the form of a self propagating wave of electric and magnetic fields, including such phenomena as radio waves and visible light Ionizing radiation , radiation that is of high enough energy to cause atoms to lose or gain electrons, rendering molecules, such as proteins, incapable of functioning Nuclear radiation , radiation, especially ionizing radiation, that emanates from nuclear processes such as radioactive decay Thermal radiation , electromagnetic radiation that emanates from every object above absolute zero, in proportion to the fourth power of the temperature of the object Synchrotron radiation , also called a synchrotron light source, electromagnetic radiation generated by the acceleration of fast moving charged particles through magnetic fields Medicine Radiation therapy , also called radiotherapy, a medical treatment that involves exposing part or all of the body to a controlled amount of ionizing radiationRadiation poisoning , a form of damage to organ tissue due to excessive exposure to ionizing radiationRadiation, characteristics of an affliction, such as pain, to spread to other parts of the body than the origin Evolutionary biology Evolutionary radiation , a diversification into several lineages from a common ancestor Adaptiveradiation , an evolutionary radiation to fill many ecological niches Regulatory law Intentional radiator , radio waves that are produced by an electronic device as a necessary part of its function, such as those produced by a radio transmitter Unintentional radiator , undesirable radio waves ... of its design Music and arts Radiation album Radiation album , released in 1998, the tenth studio album by the British progressive rock band Marillion Radiation a song by the Welsh rock band Feeder ... more details
experienced by the evolutionary ancestors of modern humans. Adaptive memory is the study ... related information. ref name Nairne1 Nairne, J.S., Thompson S.R., Pandeirada, J.N.S. 2007 . Adaptive ... and Cognition, 33 2 , 263 273. ref One key element of adaptive memory research is the notion that memory ... Nairne6 Nairne, J. S., Pandeirada, J.N.S. 2008 . Adaptive memory Remembering with a stone age brain ... memory is the relatively little adaptation adaptive value of a memory system that evolved merely ... name Nairne6 History of adaptive memory research A recent development in the field of evolutionary psychology , adaptive memory was first proposed in 2007 by James S. Nairne, Sarah R. Thompson, and Josefa ... study on the subject of adaptive memory was published in 2007 and its methodology has been replicated ... tests. ref name Nairne6 A very important element of studying adaptive memory to consider, like other ... for testing adaptive memory and the survival advantage in human participants has thus far mostly ..., J.N.S. 2010 . Adaptive memory ancestral priorities and the mnemonic value of survival processing. Cognitive Psychology, 61, 1 22. ref ref name Nairne2 Nairne, J.S., Pandeirada, J.N.S. 2008 . Adaptive ... name Burns Burns, D.J., Burns, S.A., Hwang, A.J. Adaptive memory Determining the proximate mechanisms ..., Gregory, K.J., Van Arsdall, J.E. 2009 . Adaptive memory fitness relevance and the hunter gatherer ...., Smeets, T. 2010 . Adaptive memory survival processing increases both true and false memory in adults ... memory can be seen as a side effect to an otherwise highly adaptive process. ref name TrueFalse Planning ..., 109, 306 329. ref Adaptive memory states that memory was created and developed by the process of natural ... basis of adaptive memory File Hippocampus.png thumb right Location of the hippocampus in the brain ... on the direct neurological processes that go on during an adaptive memory consolidation, there is a growing .... Episodic memories are crucial in the development and implementation of adaptive future behaviours ... more details
s, adaptive hypermedia AH tailors what the user sees to the learner s goals, abilities, interests, knowledge, etc. Adaptive hypermedia is the answer to the lost in hyperspace syndrome, where the user ... the most appropriate ones to him her. Adaptive hypermedia thus offers a selection of links or content most appropriate to the current user. Moreover, adaptive hypermedia can also offer the most appropriate ... the information from e.g. hand held device versus desktop, etc. . Adaptive hypermedia is thus ... application field of adaptive hypermedia is adaptive educational hypermedia AEH , which tailors what ... via adaptive hypermedia, where the items offered for purchasing are adapted to the user s detected ..., the use of adaptive hypermedia is not limited to formal or informal education or training endeavours ..., services, and experiences. Thus, systems like Amazon.com Amazon are also examples of adaptive ... of adaptive hypermedia, besides adaptive e learning and adaptive e commerce applications, can be adaptive e government applications. Generally speaking, adaptive hypermedia systems can be useful anywhere where hypertext and hypermedia are used. The most popular adaptive hypermedia systems are World ... commerce and computer engineering are contributing to the development of adaptive hypermedia. Unlike intelligent tutoring systems , however, adaptive educational hypermedia doesn t target stand alone systems, but hypermedia systems. Adaptivity versus adaptability An interesting aspect of adaptive hypermedia ... , whereas an adaptive system that presents intelligence is more surprising and thus more interesting. This conforms with the general preference of the adaptive hypermedia research community, which considers adaptation more interesting. However, the truth of adaptive hypermedia systems is somewhere ... Research Adaptive hypermedia is the object of a number of researches, in particular in conjunction ... www.umuai.org User Modeling and User Adapted Interaction UMUAI http www.ah2008.org Adaptive Hypermedia ... more details
Adaptive Control is the control method used by a controller which must adapt to a controlled system with parameters ... conditions. Adaptive control is different from robust control in that it does not need a priori ... that if the changes are within given bounds the control law need not be changed, while adaptive control is concerned with control law changes themselves. Parameter estimation The foundation of adaptive ... are commonly used to improve the robustness of estimation algorithms. Classification of adaptive control techniques In general one should distinguish between Feedforward Adaptive Control Feedback Adaptive Control as well as between Direct Methods and Indirect Methods Direct methods are ones wherein the estimated parameters are those directly used in the adaptive controller. In contrast ... parameters ref cite book last Astrom first Karl title Adaptive Control year 2008 publisher Dover pages 25 26 ref There are several broad categories of feedback adaptive control classification can vary Dual Adaptive Controllers based on Dual control theory Optimal Dual Controllers difficult to design Suboptimal Dual Controllers Nondual Adaptive Controllers Adaptive Pole Placement Extremum Seeking Controllers Iterative learning control Gain scheduling Model Reference Adaptive Controllers MRACs ... Adaptive Controllers MIACs perform System identification while the system is running Cautious Adaptive ... Adaptive Controllers take current SI to be the true system, assume no uncertainty Nonparametric Adaptive Controllers Parametric Adaptive Controllers Explicit Parameter Adaptive Controllers Implicit Parameter Adaptive Controllers Some special topics in adaptive control can be introduced as well Adaptive Control Based on Discrete Time Process Identification Adaptive Control Based on the Model Reference Technique Adaptive Control based on Continuous Time Process Models Adaptive Control of Multivariable Processes Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Processes Applications When designing adaptive control ... more details
An evolutionary radiation is an increase in taxonomy taxonomic diversity or morphology biology morphological disparity, due to adaptation adaptive change or the opening of ecospace . ref name Wesley Hunt2005 cite doi 10.1666.2F0094 8373.282005.29031.3C0035 TMDOCI.3E2.0.CO.3B2 ref Radiations may affect one clade or many, and be rapid or gradual where they are rapid, and driven by a single lineage s adaptation to their environment, they are termed adaptiveradiation s. ref name Schluter2000 cite book author Schluter, D. year 2000 title The Ecology of AdaptiveRadiation publisher Oxford University Press isbn ref Examples of evolutionary radiation Perhaps the most familiar example of an evolutionary radiation is that of Eutheria placental mammal s immediately after the extinction of the dinosaur s at the end of the Cretaceous , about 65 million years ago. At that time, the placental mammals were mostly small, insect eating animals similar in size and shape to modern shrew s. By the Eocene 58 37 million years ago , they had evolved into such diverse forms as bat s, whale s, and horse s. ref This topic is covered in a very accessible manner in Chapter 11 of Richard Fortey s Life An Unauthorised Biography 1997 ref Other familiar radiations include the Cambrian explosion , the radiation of land ... Evolutionary history of plants Evolution of flowers radiation of angiosperms , and the diversification of insects, a radiation that has continued almost unabated since the Devonian , Ma 400 . ref The radiation .... ref Types of radiation Radiations may be discordant, with either diversity or disparity increasing ... Hunt2005 Evolutionary radiation in the fossil record Much of the work carried out by palaeontology ... radiation in the Early Cambrian , Early Ordovician , to a lesser degree throughout the Silurian ... evolutionary radiation can be observed among ammonite s, which suffered a series of extinctions from ... 2000 ref Recent evolutionary radiations A number of groups have undergone evolutionary radiation in relatively ... more details
Expert subject Computing date May 2011 Adaptive compression is a type of data compression which changes compression algorithm s based on the type of data being compressed. ref name PCMag Cite web url http www.pcmag.com encyclopedia term 0,2542,t adaptive compression&i 37503,00.asp work PC Magizine Encyclopedia title Adaptive compression accessdate 21 April 2011 ref References reflist Category Data compression Computing stub ... more details
refimprove date June 2007 Adaptive equipment are tool device s that are used to assist with completing activities of daily living . Bathing , dressing, Personal grooming grooming , toileting, and feeding are self care activities that are including in the spectrum of activities of daily living ADLs . Jennifer McLaughlin Maly a P.T. D.P.T. in her article located in the journal Exceptional Parent gives a more complete definition of adapative equipment Typically, a piece of adaptive equipment is utilized to increase a child s function. Examples of adaptive equipment or assistive technology are wheelchairs, lifts, standing frames, gait trainers, augmentative communication devices, bath chairs, and recreational items such as swings or tricycles. ref McLaughlin Maly, J. 2007 . My child needs a piece of adaptive equipment Now what? Well it depends The Exceptional Parent, 11 37 , 46 47 ref A growing market for adaptive equipment is in the use of mobility vans. In this case, adaptive equipment, also known as assistive technology, can help a person with a disability operate a motor vehicle when otherwise they would not be able to. ref http www.clockmobility.com assistive technology Adaptive Equipment ref References Reflist Category Tools disability stub ... more details
Adaptive rowing is a special category of rowing sport rowing race for those with physical Disability disabilities . Under International Rowing Federation FISA rules there are three categories for adaptive rowers LTA Legs, Trunk, Arms Use of at least one leg, trunk and arms. Also for those with visually impaired visual and intellectual impairment s. Rowed with standard boats and sliding seats. TA Trunk and Arms Only use of trunk muscles. Boat has fixed seat. AS Arms and Shoulders Limited trunk control. Boat has fixed seat and rower is strapped at upper chest level to only allow shoulder and arm movements. At FISA events there are 4 boat events standard sport rowing Terminology and event nomenclature nomenclature is used 4 Mixed LTA 2x Mixed TA 1x Men AS 1x Women AS Racing is held over 1,000 m rather than the standard 2,000 m . In mixed events half the crew must be male and other half female coxswain maybe of either gender and may be able bodied . Single shells for the Arms and Shoulders category must have stabilising pontoons attached to the riggers. Adaptive events were added to the World Rowing Championships in 2002 and took place at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing , China . External links http www.worldrowing.com event report.sps?iType 4138&icustompageid 6618 FISA Adaptive Rowing page http www.rowingcanada.org domestic rowing adaptive Rowing Canada s Domestic Adaptive Rowing Page http www.britishrowing.org taking part adaptive British Rowing s UK Domestic Adaptive Rowing Page http www.usrowing.org Adaptive USRowing s Domestic Adaptive Rowing Page Category Rowing ... more details
Adaptive optimization is a technique in computer science that performs dynamic recompilation of portions of a computer program program based on the current execution profile. With a simple implementation, an adaptive optimizer may simply make a trade off between Just in time compilation and interpreting instructions. At another level, adaptive optimization may take advantage of local data conditions to optimize away branches and to use inline expansion to decrease context switch ing. Consider a hypothetical banking application that handles transactions one after another. These transactions may be checks, deposits, and a large number of more obscure transactions. When the program executes, the actual data may consist of clearing tens of thousands of checks without processing a single deposit and without processing a single check with a fraudulent account number. An adaptive optimizer would compile assembly code to optimize for this common case. If the system then started processing tens of thousands of deposits instead, the adaptive optimizer would recompile the assembly code to optimize the new common case. This optimization may include inlining code or moving error processing code to secondary cache. Deoptimization In some systems, notably the Java Virtual Machine Citation needed date June 2011 , execution over a range of Java bytecode bytecode instructions can be provably reversed. This allows an adaptive optimizer to make risky assumptions about the code. In the above example, the optimizer may assume all transactions are checks and all account numbers are valid. When these assumptions prove incorrect, the adaptive optimizer can unwind to a valid state and then interpret the byte code instructions correctly. See also Java performance Adaptive optimization Adaptive optimization in Java External links http citeseer.ist.psu.edu arnold00adaptive.html CiteSeer for Adaptive Optimization in the Jalape o JVM 2000 by Matthew Arnold, Stephen Fink, David Grove, Michael Hind ... more details
orphan date August 2009 An Adaptive website is a website that builds a model of user activity and modifies the information and or presentation of information to the user in order to better address the user s needs. Overview An adaptive website adjusts the structure, content, or presentation of information in response to measured user interaction with the site, with the objective of optimizing future user interactions. Adaptive websites are web sites that automatically improve their organization and presentation by learning from their user access patterns. . ref cite conference last Perkowitz first Mike coauthors Oren Etzioni. title Adaptive Web Sites an AI Challenge booktitle Proc. IJCAI 97 year 1997 url http www.cs.washington.edu research adaptive papers ijcai97.pdf ref User interaction patterns may be collected directly on the website or may be data mining mined from Web server logs. A model or models are created of user interaction using artificial intelligence and statistics statistical methods . The models are used as the basis for tailoring the website for known and specific patterns ... content are not adaptive websites as they rely on the user to select rather than the automation ... that are used on a website do not make it an adaptive website. They are all tools and techniques that may be used toward engineering an adaptive website. See also Collaborative filtering Machine learning Notes reflist References J.D. Vel squez and V. Palade, Adaptive Web Sites A Knowledge Extraction ... research adaptive papers ijcai97.pdf Adaptive Web Sites an AI Challenge , in Proc. IJCAI 97, Nagoya, Japan, 1997. Mike Perkowitz, Oren Etzioni, http www.cs.washington.edu research adaptive papers aij.pdf Towards adaptive Web sites Conceptual framework and case study , Artificial Intelligence 118 1 2 , 2000 External links http www.puremango.co.uk 2009 06 adaptive web sites Adaptive Web Sites , puremango.co.uk ... to A B test and optimize webpages DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Website Category Websites Category Collective ... more details
Advert date July 2011 Notability Companies date November 2011 Infobox company company name Adaptive Planning, Inc. company logo File Adaptive Planning Logo.gif company type Private company Private foundation ... United States US industry Software product Adaptive Planning homepage http www.adaptiveplanning.com www.adaptiveplanning.com Adaptive Planning, Inc. is a privately held Software as a service Software ... CPM solution to over 1,000 clients and 20,000 users worldwide. ref http www.adaptiveplanning.com , Adaptive Planning ,06 24 11 ref Overview In 2003, Robert S. Hull and Richard Dellinger co founded Adaptive .... Adaptive Planning was one of the first entries onto a nascent SaaS Business Intelligence BI and Corporate Performance Management CPM stage. Product File AP screenshot.jpg thumb 200px alt Adaptive Planning Screenshot Screenshots of the Adaptive Planning Interface. Adaptive Planning, Inc. is the maker of the Adaptive Planning application. The Adaptive Planning application is used for corporate ..., and Cost accounting variance analysis . ref http www.itjungle.com fhs fhs110111 story03.html, Adaptive ... based consumer application. But unlike spreadsheets, Adaptive Planning automates consolidations and integration ... rates adaptive planning 1 in customer satisfaction, IntuitiveTEK ,10 26 10 ref As with most SaaS models, Adaptive Planning customers pay an annual subscription fee to maintain their license, and their Instance ... CPM Solutions.pdf, Hurwitz ref On April 4, 2011, Adaptive Planning announced its Spring 2011 Release, ref http finance.yahoo.com news Adaptive Planning Introduces iw 1341246388.html?x 0&.v 1, Yahoo Finance ... to plan and manage their businesses. Awards Adaptive Planning was rated 1 in customer satisfaction ..., Gartner ,09 15 10 ref BPM Partners announced that Adaptive Planning was rated highest in customer satisfaction in its 2011 Pulse Survey. ref http www.adaptiveplanning.com news 92 61 Adaptive Planning ... ,03 07 11 ref Adaptive Planning was ranked 85 Top 10 in Silicon Valley on Deloitte s 2011 Technology ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 An adaptive beamformer is a beamforming system which performs adaptive spatial signal processing with an array of radar antennas or phased array in order to transmit or receive signals in different directions without having to mechanically steer the array. The main distinction between an adaptive beamformer and a conventional beamforming system is the ability of the former to adjust its performance to suit differences in its environment. A particularly important feature, in military applications, is the potential for an adaptive beamformer to reduce sensitivity to certain directions of arrival so as to counteract jamming by hostile transmissions. Adaptive Beamforming Schemes Least mean squares filter Least Mean Squares Algorithm Sample Matrix Inversion Algorithm Recursive least squares filter Recursive Least Square Algorithm Conjugate gradient method Constant Modulus Algorithm See also Beamforming is spatial signal processing which makes spatial beam focused on the target direction and spatial beam nulled interference signal. Smart Antennas is multiple antenna systems having one of three structures which are single input and multiple output SIMO , multiple input and single output MISO , and multiple input and multiple output MIMO structures. MIMO is an advanced smart antenna system which has multiple transmit antennas at the transmitter and multiple receive antennas at the receiver. DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Beamformer Category Signal processing ... more details
Multiple issues refimprove March 2009 orphan February 2009 Adaptive architecture is a Complex adaptive system system which changes its structure, behaviour or resources according to demand . The adaptation made is usually always? to Non functional requirement non functional characteristics rather than Functional requirement functional ones. Something of a misnomer, because the thing that adapts is the working system, rather than the more abstract Systems architecture architecture which defines the adaptability that is required of that system. Adaptive software architecture Used by programmers in relation to a program. An adaptive algorithm is an algorithm which changes its behavior based on the resources available. For example in the C Standard Library , the stable partition program acquires as much memory as it can get up to what it would need at most and applies the algorithm using that available memory. Adaptive infrastructure architecture Used by infrastructure engineers in relation to the configuration of processors. The computing resources used by applications the Disk partitioning partition size, or the number of server computer servers in a cluster computing cluster , or the share of a processor, or the number of processes are configured so that they shrink or grow with demand. Adaptive business architecture Could also be used for example in connection with a workflow system that assigns human resources to a task or service to match the demand for that task or service. Or an Organizational structure organisation structure that flexes in response to business changes. Category Reconfigurable computing ... more details
About human behaviors animal behaviors Adaptive behavior ecology computational behavior Adaptive algorithm the journal Adaptive Behavior journal One source date May 2010 Adaptive behavior is a type of behavior that is used to adjust to another type of behavior or situation. This is often characterized by a kind of behavior that allows an individual to change an unconstructive or disruptive behavior to something more constructive. These behaviors are most often social or personal behaviors. For example a constant habit psychology repetitive action could be re focused on something that creates or builds something. In other words the behavior can be adapted to something else. Maladaptive behavior is a type of behavior that is often used to reduce one s anxiety, but the result is dysfunctional ... Adaptive behavior includes the age appropriate behaviors necessary for people to live independently and to function safely and appropriately in daily life. Adaptive behaviors include real life ... Determination Behavior scales To determine a student s adaptive behavior capacities, professionals focus on the student s conceptual skills, social skills, and practical skills. To measure adaptive skills, professionals use adaptive behavior scales that have been normed on individuals with and without disabilities. Most adaptive behavior scales are completed by interviewing a parent , a teacher ... skills. Specialized behavior unbalanced section date June 2010 Tendencies The adaptive skills exhibited ... retardation tend to have substantial deficits in adaptive behavior. These limitations can take ... in these adaptive areas do not come to seriously limit one s quality of life. ref name ... problems. ref name Heward See also Adaptive behaviors Adaptive Behavior journal Moral character Character References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Behavior Category Behavior Category Developmental psychology de Adaptive Reaktion pl Adaptabilno ... more details
Image Complex adaptive system.jpg 350px right thumb A system with high adaptive capacity exerts complex adaptive behavior in a changing environment. Adaptive capacity is the capacity of a system to adapt if the environment where the system exists is changing. It is applied to e.g., ecology ecological systems and human social system s. As applied to ecological systems, the adaptive capacity is determined by genetic diversity of species biodiversity of particular ecosystem s heterogeneity heterogeneous ecosystem mosaics as applied to specific landscape s or biome regions. As applied to human social systems, the adaptive capacity is determined by the ability of institutions and Social network networks to learning learn , and store knowledge and experience. creativity creative flexibility in decision making and problem solving the existence of political power power structures that are responsive and consider the need s of all Project stakeholder stakeholders . Adaptive capacity is associated with R K selection theory r and K selection strategies in ecology and with a movement from explosive positive feedback to sustainable negative feedback loops in social systems and technologies. The Resilience Alliance, as illustrated by the work of C. S. Holling and L. H. Gunderson, ref Gunderson, L.H. and C.S. Holling, editors. Panarchy Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems. Island Press, Washington. ref shows how the logistic curve of the r phase positive feedback, becoming replaced by the K negative feedback strategy is an important part of adaptive capacity. The r strategy ... exceed certain limits, adaptive capacity may be exceeded and the system collapses ... of adaptive capacity Adaptive capacity confers resilience to wiktionary perturbation perturbation , giving ... Adaptive capacity can be enhanced by Citation needed date September 2009 learning to live with change ... Adaptability References No footnotes date December 2007 reflist DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Capacity Category ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 An adaptive enzyme or inducible enzyme is an enzyme that is gene expression expressed only under conditions in which it is clear of adaptive value, as opposed to a constitutive enzyme which is produced all the time. The Inducible enzyme is used for the breaking down of things in the cell. It is also a part of the Operon Model, which illustrates a way for genes to turn on and off . The Inducer causes the gene to turn on controlled by the amount of reactant which turns the gene on . Then there s the repressor protein that turns genes off. The inducer can remove this repressor, turning genes back on. The operator is a section of DNA where the repressor binds to shut off certain genes the promoter is the section of DNA where the RNA polymerase binds. Lastly, the regulatory gene is the gene for the repressor protein. An example of inducible enzyme is COX 2 which is synthesized in macrophages to produce Prostaglandin E sub 2 sub while the constitutive enzyme COX 1 another isozyme in COX family is always produced in variety of organisms in body like stomach . Wiktionarypar adaptive enzyme DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Enzyme Category Enzymes Enzyme stub ... more details
An adaptive algorithm is an algorithm that changes its behavior based on the resources available. For example, stable partition , using no additional memory is O n lg n but given O n memory, it can be O n in time. As implemented by the C Standard Library , http www.sgi.com tech stl stable partition.html code stable partition code is adaptive and so it acquires as much memory as it can get up to what it would need at most and applies the algorithm using that available memory. Another example is adaptive sort , whose behaviour changes upon the presortedness of its input. Category Algorithms soft eng stub ru fr Algorithme adaptatif uk ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 An adaptive switch is designed to operate in cut through mode cut through switching normally but if a port s error rate jumps too high, the switch automatically reconfigures the port to run in store and forward mode This optimizes the switch s performance by providing higher speed cut through switching switching if error rates are low but higher throughput store and forward switching if error rates are high. Adaptive switching is typically done on a port by port basis. See also Network switch Ethernet Store and forward Fragment free Cut through switching Category Computer networking compu hardware stub cs Adaptive switching ... more details
An adaptive grammar is a formal grammar that explicitly provides mechanisms within the Formal system formalism to allow its own production rules to be manipulated. Overview John N. Shutt defines adaptive grammars as follows ADAPTIVE GRAMMAR MODEL A grammatical formalism that allows rule sets aka sets ...., What is an Adaptive Grammar? Web page dated 28 March 2001, at the URL http www.cs.wpi.edu jshutt ... , Vol. 6, No. 8., pp. 456 460, August 1963. ref The next generally accepted reference to an adaptive ... system formal properties of adaptive grammars was uncoordinated between researchers, only first being ... index.php?cp 4 Adaptive Languages and Techniques Laboratory , specifically focusing on research and practice in adaptive technologies and theory. The LTA also maintains a page naming researchers in the field ... Adaptive Grammars by the name Recursive Adaptable Grammars, and notes his change to adaptive at this URL ... usage has tended towards the use of the term adaptive or some variant such as adaptativa , ref name ... to her formalism as adaptive grammars , ref name Iwai2000 but this specific use of simply adaptive ... and extensions Shutt categorizes adaptive grammar models into two main categories ref name Shutt1993 ref name Shutt2001b Shutt, John N., Imperative Adaptive Grammars Web page dated 28 March ... adaptive grammars vary their rules based on a global State computer science state changing over ... Declarative adaptive grammars vary their rules only over the space of the generation of a language ... , and adding a hybrid time space category ref name Jackson2006 Time space adaptive grammars hybrids ... and global operations are explicitly differentiated by the notation for such changes . Adaptive formalisms in the literature Adaptive formalisms may be divided into two main categories full grammar formalisms adaptive grammars , and adaptive machines, upon which some grammar formalisms have been based. Adaptive grammar formalisms The following is a list by no means complete of grammar formalisms ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Adaptive routing describes the capability of a system, through which routes are characterized by their destination, to alter the path that the route takes through the system in response to a change in conditions. ref http www net.cs.yale.edu publications XQYZ04.pdf ref The adaptation is intended to allow as many routes as possible to remain valid that is, have destinations that can be reached in response to the change. People using a transport system can display adaptive routing. For example, if a local railway station is closed, people can alight from a train at a different station and use another method, such as a bus, to reach their destination. Another example of adaptive routing can be seen within financial market s. For example, ASOR or Adaptive Smart Order Router developed by Quod Financial , takes routing decisions dynamically and based on real time market events. The term is commonly used in data networking to describe the capability of a network to route around damage, such as loss of a node or a connection between nodes, so long as other path choices are available. There are several protocol computing protocols used to achieve this Routing Information Protocol RIP OSPF IS IS IGRP EIGRP Systems that do not implement adaptive routing are described as using static routing , where routes through a network are described by fixed paths statically . A change, such as the loss of a node, or loss of a connection between nodes, is not compensated for. This means that anything that wishes to take an affected path will either have to wait for the failure to be repaired before restarting its journey, or will have to fail to reach its destination and give up the journey. See also Static routing Convergence routing References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Routing Category Routing Compu network stub de Adaptive Routing Protocol ro Rutare dinamic ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2009 Adaptive clothing is clothing designed for people with physical disabilities, the elderly, and the infirm who may experience difficulty dressing themselves due to an inability to manipulate closures, such as buttons and zippers, or due to a lack of a full range of motion required for self dressing . Adaptive clothing typically offers rear closure designs so that an individual can be dressed more easily by a carer. For example, rather than buttons and zippers, Velcro may be used for garment closures ref cite web publisher Disabled World title Adaptive Clothing Information and Availability url http www.disabled world.com assistivedevices adaptive clothing.php accessdate 11 March 2012 ref . Image Back flap pants.jpg thumb 200px right Adaptive pants designed for dressing a wheelchair user while the wearer remains seated. Special needs Adaptive clothing often addresses such problems as edema , urinary incontinence incontinence and inappropriate behavior issues associated with Alzheimer s disease . Different styles of adaptive clothing are best suited to an individual with disabilities based on the nature of the wearer s ailment. For example, a person who is unable to lift his arms above shoulder level would need a different clothing solution than a person suffering ... their unique needs. Adaptive clothing products range from clothing protection for dining to tear resistant shirts and pants. Clothing protector vests are one of the most common forms of adaptive clothing ... closely mimic typical articles of clothing. Adaptive clothing describes but is not limited to clothing ..., Silverts, and Adrian s Closet all provide variations of adaptive apparel and incontinence products ... patients to disrobe at inappropriate times. Adaptive clothing for Alzheimer s patients usually features ... lead to difficulty and discomfort when wearing conventional footwear. Adaptive shoes are loose fitting .... Adaptive clothing for stroke patients will use velcro, as it can be manipulated more easily with one ... more details
Adaptive expertise is a broad construct that encompasses a range of cognitive , motivational, and personality ... demonstrate adaptive expertise when they are able to efficiently solve previously encountered tasks ... few types over and over classic expertise , and one produces new menus frequently adaptive expertise ... be able to break out of the routines easily given a different situation. However, the adaptive expert ... are interested in adaptive expertise, in part because they would like to understand the types of learning ..., a true dichotomy between adaptive and classic expertise. Expertise can be thought of as a continuum of adaptive ability. On one end, practitioners can be classified as routinely skilled ... 1 51. ref The notion of adaptive expertise suggests that new problems can be viewed as a platform ... feature of adaptive expertise is the ability to apply knowledge effectively to novel problems or atypical cases in a domain. Holyoak characterized adaptive experts as being capable of drawing on their knowledge ..., P., Pokorny, A., Dibble, E., & Glaser, R. 1992 A naturalistic study of transfer Adaptive expertise ... adaptive experts greater tendency to enrich and refine their understanding on the basis of continuing experience to learn from problem solving episodes. ref name Bransford A Model of Adaptive Expertise One model of adaptive expertise ref name Schwartz looks at two dimensions along which a learner ... into a different situation, the adaptive expert may innovate. Schwartz, John D. Bransford Bransford ... and high innovation , and Adaptive Expert high efficiency and high innovation . As originally presented ... learning and trajectory to adaptive expertise. Schwartz and colleagues suggest that the trajectory ... and trajectories to adaptive expertise. Trajectories to Adaptive Expertise Schwartz and his colleagues suggest two possible trajectories to adaptive expertise 1 innovate and then become efficient ... expert or simply a frustrated novice. Calculating Adaptive Expertise Adaptive expertise is tied to the ability ... more details
An adaptive filter is a filter that self adjusts its transfer function according to an optimization algorithm driven by an error signal. Because of the complexity of the optimization algorithms, most adaptive filters are digital filter s. By way of contrast, a non adaptive filter has a static transfer function. Adaptive filters are required for some applications because some parameters of the desired processing operation for instance, the locations of reflective surfaces in a reverberant space are not known in advance. The adaptive filter uses feedback in the form of an error signal to refine its transfer function to match the changing parameters. Generally speaking, the adaptive process involves the use of a cost function , which is a criterion for optimum performance of the filter, to feed an algorithm, which determines how to modify filter transfer function to minimize the cost on the next iteration. As the power of digital signal processor s has increased, adaptive filters have become much more common and are now routinely used in devices such as mobile phones and other communication ... frequency components in the rejected range. To circumvent this potential loss of information, an adaptive filter could be used. The adaptive filter would take input both from the patient and from the power .... Such an adaptive technique generally allows for a filter with a smaller rejection range, which ... adaptive filter realisations, such as Least mean squares filter Least Mean Squares LMS and Recursive ... for the filter coefficients. The adaptive algorithm generates this correction factor based on the input ... of adaptive filters Noise cancellation Linear prediction Signal prediction Adaptive feedback cancellation ... Multidelay block frequency domain adaptive filter See also Kalman filter Wiener filter Linear prediction Filter signal processing Kernel adaptive filter Wiener Hopf equation References Monson H ... Adaptive Filter Theory, Prentice Hall, 2002, ISBN 0 13 048434 2 DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Filter Category ... more details
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