October 2009 An adaptivesystem is a set of interacting or interdependent entities, real or abstract ... in the interacting parts. Feedback loops represent a key feature of adaptive systems, allowing the response to changes examples of adaptive systems include natural ecosystems , individual organisms , human communities , human organizations , and human families . Some artificial systems can be adaptive as well for instance, robots employ control system s that utilize feedback loop s to sense new conditions in their environment and adapt accordingly. The Law of Adaptation quote Every adaptivesystem ... S E P t S rightarrow S math Benefit of Self Adjusting Systems In an adaptivesystem, a parameter changes slowly and has no preferred value. In a self adjusting system though, the parameter value depends on the history of the system dynamics . One of the most important qualities of self .... 14 4 , 8 11. 2008 ref See also Portal Evolutionary biology Adaptive immune system Artificial neural network Complex adaptivesystem Diffusion of innovations Ecosystems Neural adaptation References ... Given a system math S math , we say that a physical event math E math is a stimulus for the system math S math if and only if the probability math P S rightarrow S E math that the system suffers ... E math math P S rightarrow S E P S rightarrow S math Let math S math be an arbitrary system subject to changes in time math t math and let math E math be an arbitrary event that is a stimulus for the system math S math we say that math S math is an adaptivesystem if and only if when t tends to infinity math t rightarrow infty math the probability that the system math S math change its behavior ... that the system change its behavior independently of the occurrence of the event math E ... more details
2010 DEFAULTSORT Complex AdaptiveSystem Category Complex systems theory Category Systems ca Sistema ...Incomplete date July 2010 Original research date October 2010 Complex adaptive systems are special cases of complex system s. They are complex in that they are dynamic networks of interactions and relationships not aggregations of static entities. They are adaptive in that their individual and collective ... Intentional behaviour as a complex system publisher MIT Press year 2000 isbn 978 0 262 10081 ... within the system but we need to see the source claim to support it either way. Overview The term complex adaptive systems , or complexity science , is often used to describe the loosely organized ... of complex adaptive systems include the stock market , social insect and ant colonies, the biosphere and the ecosystem , the brain and the immune system , the cell biology cell and the developing ... and social system such as political party political parties or community communities . There are close ... collection of interacting adaptive agents. The study of CAS focuses on complex, emergent and macroscopic properties of the system. Various definitions have been offered by different researchers John Henry Holland John H. Holland Cas complex adaptive systems are systems that have a large numbers of components ... Complex Adaptive Systems. Journal of Systems Science and Complexity 19 1 1 8. http hdl.handle.net 2027.42 41486 ref General properties What distinguishes a CAS from a pure multi agent system MAS is the focus ... organization . A MAS is simply defined as a system composed of multiple interacting agents. In CASs, the agents as well as the system are adaptive the system is self similar . A CAS is a complex, self similar collectivity of interacting adaptive agents. Complex Adaptive Systems are characterised by a high degree of adaptive capacity , giving them resilience in the face of wiktionary perturbation ... and cooperation take place on all levels, from the agent to the system level. The forces driving ... more details
See also Immune system Passive immunity Innate immune system Image SEM Lymphocyte.jpg thumb right 200px A scanning electron microscope SEM image of a single human lymphocyte The adaptive immune system ... the pathogen is encountered. It is adaptive immunity because the body s immune system prepares itself for future challenges. The system is highly adaptation adaptable because of somatic hypermutation ... to long lived specific immunity. Immune network theory is a theory of how the adaptive immune system ...&depth 10 doi isbn 0 8153 4101 6 . ref The major functions of the adaptive immune system include the recognition ... of the adaptive immune system are a type of leukocyte , called a lymphocyte . B cell s and T cell ... while the host experiences few, if any, symptoms. Alternative adaptive immune system Although the classical molecules of the adaptive immune system e.g. antibody antibodies and T cell receptor s exist ... produce a stronger and faster immune response. This is adaptive because the body s immune system ... system work together and not in spite of each other. The adaptive arm, B and T cells, would ..., the innate system would likely be overrun with pathogens without the specialized action of the adaptive immune response. Adaptive immunity during pregnancy The cornerstone of the immune system is the recognition ... immune system lymphatic system organ systems DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Immune System Category Immune ... growth. Thought to have arisen in the first Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates , the adaptive or specific immune system is activated by the non specific and evolutionarily older innate immune system which is the major system of host defense against pathogens in nearly all other living things . The adaptive immune response provides the vertebrate immune system with the ability to recognize and remember ... and of molecules made by T cells and B cells that have variable regions. Functions Adaptive immunity is triggered in vertebrates when a pathogen evades the innate immune system and generates a threshold ... more details
Orphan date October 2011 The InSync adaptive traffic control system , developed by http rhythmtraffic.com Rhythm Engineering , is an intelligent transportation system that enables traffic signals to adapt to actual traffic demand. As of March 2012, traffic agencies in 18 U.S. states have selected InSync for use at more than 650 intersections. InSync is a plug and play system that works with existing traffic control cabinets and controllers. Its two main hardware components are IP video cameras and a processor, sometimes referred to as the eyes and the brain of the system, respectively. Mounted video cameras determine the number of vehicles present and how long the vehicles have been waiting also known as delay . The processor, a state machine, resides in the traffic controller cabinet at the intersection. The system calls up the traffic signal state that best serves actual demand while coordinating its decision with other intersections. Local Optimization InSync uses integrated digital sensors to know the exact number of cars demanding service at an intersection and how long they ve been waiting. Approaches are given phasing priority based on this queue and delay data. InSync s dynamic phasing and dynamic green splits enable the traffic signals to use green time efficiently. Global Optimization InSync creates progression along an entire corridor by using green tunnels. Platoons ... green tunnels, the local optimization serves the side streets and left turns. A survey of adaptive traffic ... white papers 2010 adaptive traffic control systems in the united states u Adaptive Traffic Control Systems in the United States Updated Summary and Comparison ranked the InSync system number one ... in delay and reduction in travel time. Several speakers in the adaptive traffic control session ... into the market as the cause of adaptive traffic control s rapid spread in the U.S. 2008 present ... Every Day Counts Adaptive Signal Control http www.roadtraffic technology.com news news130089.html ... more details
orphan date May 2011 Cleanup date May 2011 Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system ANFIS is a kind of neural network that is based on Takagi Sugeno fuzzy inference system . Since it integrates both neural networks and fuzzy logic principles, it has potential to capture the benefits of both in a single framework . Its inference system corresponds to a set of fuzzy Conditional programming IF THEN rules that have learning capability to approximate nonlinear functions. ref cite journal Adaptation of Fuzzy Inference System Using Neural Learning, Fuzzy System Engineering Theory and Practice editor first Nadia editor last Nedjah title Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing publisher Springer Verlag location Germany ISBN 3 540 25322 X pages 53 83 ref Hence, ANFIS is considered to be universal approximator. ref Jang, Sun, Mizutani 1997 Neuro Fuzzy and Soft Computing Prentice Hall, pp 335 368, ISBN 0 13 261066 3 ref References reflist Category Fuzzy logic Category Neural networks compu AI stub de Adaptives Neuro Fuzzy Inferenzsystem ... more details
s, adaptive hypermedia AH tailors what the user sees to the learner s goals, abilities, interests, knowledge, etc. Adaptive hypermedia is the answer to the lost in hyperspace syndrome, where the user ... the most appropriate ones to him her. Adaptive hypermedia thus offers a selection of links or content most appropriate to the current user. Moreover, adaptive hypermedia can also offer the most appropriate ... the information from e.g. hand held device versus desktop, etc. . Adaptive hypermedia is thus ... application field of adaptive hypermedia is adaptive educational hypermedia AEH , which tailors what ... to the learner. Of course, this requires the system to be able to effectively infer the learner s needs ... via adaptive hypermedia, where the items offered for purchasing are adapted to the user s detected ..., the use of adaptive hypermedia is not limited to formal or informal education or training endeavours ..., services, and experiences. Thus, systems like Amazon.com Amazon are also examples of adaptive ... of adaptive hypermedia, besides adaptive e learning and adaptive e commerce applications, can be adaptive e government applications. Generally speaking, adaptive hypermedia systems can be useful anywhere where hypertext and hypermedia are used. The most popular adaptive hypermedia systems are World ... commerce and computer engineering are contributing to the development of adaptive hypermedia. Unlike intelligent tutoring systems , however, adaptive educational hypermedia doesn t target stand alone systems, but hypermedia systems. Adaptivity versus adaptability An interesting aspect of adaptive hypermedia is that it makes distinction between adaptation system driven personalisation and modifications ..., a posteriori . In other words, any adaptable system, as it contains a human, is by default intelligent , whereas an adaptivesystem that presents intelligence is more surprising and thus more interesting. This conforms with the general preference of the adaptive hypermedia research community, which ... more details
Adaptive Control is the control method used by a controller which must adapt to a controlled system with parameters ... Adaptive Controllers MIACs perform System identification while the system is running Cautious Adaptive ... Adaptive Controllers take current SI to be the true system, assume no uncertainty Nonparametric Adaptive Controllers Parametric Adaptive Controllers Explicit Parameter Adaptive Controllers Implicit Parameter Adaptive Controllers Some special topics in adaptive control can be introduced as well Adaptive Control Based on Discrete Time Process Identification Adaptive Control Based on the Model Reference Technique Adaptive Control based on Continuous Time Process Models Adaptive Control of Multivariable ... conditions. Adaptive control is different from robust control in that it does not need a priori ... that if the changes are within given bounds the control law need not be changed, while adaptive control is concerned with control law changes themselves. Parameter estimation The foundation of adaptive ... in real time i.e., as the system operates . Lyapunov stability is used to derive these update ... are commonly used to improve the robustness of estimation algorithms. Classification of adaptive control techniques In general one should distinguish between Feedforward Adaptive Control Feedback Adaptive Control as well as between Direct Methods and Indirect Methods Direct methods are ones wherein the estimated parameters are those directly used in the adaptive controller. In contrast ... parameters ref cite book last Astrom first Karl title Adaptive Control year 2008 publisher Dover pages 25 26 ref There are several broad categories of feedback adaptive control classification can vary Dual Adaptive Controllers based on Dual control theory Optimal Dual Controllers difficult to design Suboptimal Dual Controllers Nondual Adaptive Controllers Adaptive Pole Placement Extremum Seeking Controllers Iterative learning control Gain scheduling Model Reference Adaptive Controllers MRACs ... more details
Multiple issues refimprove March 2009 orphan February 2009 Adaptive architecture is a Complex adaptivesystemsystem which changes its structure, behaviour or resources according to demand . The adaptation made is usually always? to Non functional requirement non functional characteristics rather than Functional requirement functional ones. Something of a misnomer, because the thing that adapts is the working system, rather than the more abstract Systems architecture architecture which defines the adaptability that is required of that system. Adaptive software architecture Used by programmers in relation to a program. An adaptive algorithm is an algorithm which changes its behavior based on the resources available. For example in the C Standard Library , the stable partition program acquires as much memory as it can get up to what it would need at most and applies the algorithm using that available memory. Adaptive infrastructure architecture Used by infrastructure engineers in relation to the configuration of processors. The computing resources used by applications the Disk partitioning partition size, or the number of server computer servers in a cluster computing cluster , or the share of a processor, or the number of processes are configured so that they shrink or grow with demand. Adaptive business architecture Could also be used for example in connection with a workflow system that assigns human resources to a task or service to match the demand for that task or service. Or an Organizational structure organisation structure that flexes in response to business changes. Category Reconfigurable computing ... more details
Adaptive optimization is a technique in computer science that performs dynamic recompilation of portions of a computer program program based on the current execution profile. With a simple implementation, an adaptive optimizer may simply make a trade off between Just in time compilation and interpreting instructions. At another level, adaptive optimization may take advantage of local data conditions to optimize away branches and to use inline expansion to decrease context switch ing. Consider a hypothetical banking application that handles transactions one after another. These transactions may be checks, deposits, and a large number of more obscure transactions. When the program executes, the actual data may consist of clearing tens of thousands of checks without processing a single deposit and without processing a single check with a fraudulent account number. An adaptive optimizer would compile assembly code to optimize for this common case. If the system then started processing tens of thousands of deposits instead, the adaptive optimizer would recompile the assembly code to optimize the new common case. This optimization may include inlining code or moving error processing code to secondary cache. Deoptimization In some systems, notably the Java Virtual Machine Citation needed date June 2011 , execution over a range of Java bytecode bytecode instructions can be provably reversed. This allows an adaptive optimizer to make risky assumptions about the code. In the above example, the optimizer may assume all transactions are checks and all account numbers are valid. When these assumptions prove incorrect, the adaptive optimizer can unwind to a valid state and then interpret the byte code instructions correctly. See also Java performance Adaptive optimization Adaptive optimization in Java External links http citeseer.ist.psu.edu arnold00adaptive.html CiteSeer for Adaptive ... 1q00 dynamo dynamo 1.html HP s Dynamo . Interesting code morphing system. Comp sci stub Category Compiler ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 An adaptive beamformer is a beamforming system which performs adaptive spatial signal processing with an array of radar antennas or phased array in order to transmit or receive signals in different directions without having to mechanically steer the array. The main distinction between an adaptive beamformer and a conventional beamforming system is the ability of the former to adjust its performance to suit differences in its environment. A particularly important feature, in military applications, is the potential for an adaptive beamformer to reduce sensitivity to certain directions of arrival so as to counteract jamming by hostile transmissions. Adaptive Beamforming Schemes Least mean squares filter Least Mean Squares Algorithm Sample Matrix Inversion Algorithm Recursive least squares filter Recursive Least Square Algorithm Conjugate gradient method Constant Modulus Algorithm See also Beamforming is spatial signal processing which makes spatial beam focused on the target direction and spatial beam nulled interference signal. Smart Antennas is multiple antenna systems having one of three structures which are single input and multiple output SIMO , multiple input and single output MISO , and multiple input and multiple output MIMO structures. MIMO is an advanced smart antenna system which has multiple transmit antennas at the transmitter and multiple receive antennas at the receiver. DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Beamformer Category Signal processing ... more details
Image Complex adaptive system.jpg 350px right thumb A system with high adaptive capacity exerts complex adaptive behavior in a changing environment. Adaptive capacity is the capacity of a system to adapt if the environment where the system exists is changing. It is applied to e.g., ecology ecological systems and human social system s. As applied to ecological systems, the adaptive capacity is determined by genetic diversity of species biodiversity of particular ecosystem s heterogeneity heterogeneous ecosystem mosaics as applied to specific landscape s or biome regions. As applied to human social systems, the adaptive capacity is determined by the ability of institutions and Social network networks to learning learn , and store knowledge and experience. creativity creative flexibility in decision making and problem solving the existence of political power power structures that are responsive and consider the need s of all Project stakeholder stakeholders . Adaptive capacity is associated with R K selection theory r and K selection strategies in ecology and with a movement from explosive positive feedback to sustainable negative feedback loops in social systems and technologies. The Resilience Alliance, as illustrated by the work of C. S. Holling and L. H. Gunderson, ref Gunderson, L.H. and C.S. Holling, editors. Panarchy Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems. Island Press, Washington. ref shows how the logistic curve of the r phase positive feedback, becoming replaced by the K negative feedback strategy is an important part of adaptive capacity. The r strategy ... exceed certain limits, adaptive capacity may be exceeded and the system collapses ... of adaptive capacity Adaptive capacity confers resilience to wiktionary perturbation perturbation , giving ... Adaptive capacity can be enhanced by Citation needed date September 2009 learning to live with change ... Adaptability References No footnotes date December 2007 reflist DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Capacity Category ... more details
orphan date August 2009 An Adaptive website is a website that builds a model of user activity and modifies the information and or presentation of information to the user in order to better address the user s needs. Overview An adaptive website adjusts the structure, content, or presentation of information in response to measured user interaction with the site, with the objective of optimizing future user interactions. Adaptive websites are web sites that automatically improve their organization and presentation by learning from their user access patterns. . ref cite conference last Perkowitz first Mike coauthors Oren Etzioni. title Adaptive Web Sites an AI Challenge booktitle Proc. IJCAI 97 year 1997 url http www.cs.washington.edu research adaptive papers ijcai97.pdf ref User interaction patterns may be collected directly on the website or may be data mining mined from Web server logs. A model or models are created of user interaction using artificial intelligence and statistics statistical ... content are not adaptive websites as they rely on the user to select rather than the automation ... filtering such as recommender system s, Trial and error generate and test methods such as A B testing ... that are used on a website do not make it an adaptive website. They are all tools and techniques that may be used toward engineering an adaptive website. See also Collaborative filtering Machine learning Notes reflist References J.D. Vel squez and V. Palade, Adaptive Web Sites A Knowledge Extraction ... research adaptive papers ijcai97.pdf Adaptive Web Sites an AI Challenge , in Proc. IJCAI 97, Nagoya, Japan, 1997. Mike Perkowitz, Oren Etzioni, http www.cs.washington.edu research adaptive papers aij.pdf Towards adaptive Web sites Conceptual framework and case study , Artificial Intelligence 118 1 2 , 2000 External links http www.puremango.co.uk 2009 06 adaptive web sites Adaptive Web Sites , puremango.co.uk ... to A B test and optimize webpages DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Website Category Websites Category Collective ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Adaptive routing describes the capability of a system, through which routes are characterized by their destination, to alter the path that the route takes through the system in response to a change in conditions. ref http www net.cs.yale.edu publications XQYZ04.pdf ref The adaptation is intended to allow as many routes as possible to remain valid that is, have destinations that can be reached in response to the change. People using a transport system can display adaptive routing. For example, if a local railway station is closed, people can alight from a train at a different station and use another method, such as a bus, to reach their destination. Another example of adaptive routing can be seen within financial market s. For example, ASOR or Adaptive Smart Order Router developed by Quod Financial , takes routing decisions dynamically and based on real time market events. The term is commonly used in data networking to describe the capability of a network to route around damage, such as loss of a node or a connection between nodes, so long as other path choices are available. There are several protocol computing protocols used to achieve this Routing Information Protocol RIP OSPF IS IS IGRP EIGRP Systems that do not implement adaptive routing are described as using static routing , where routes through a network are described by fixed paths statically . A change, such as the loss of a node, or loss of a connection between nodes, is not compensated for. This means that anything that wishes to take an affected path will either have to wait for the failure to be repaired before restarting its journey, or will have to fail to reach its destination and give up the journey. See also Static routing Convergence routing References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Routing Category Routing Compu network stub de Adaptive Routing Protocol ro Rutare dinamic ... more details
An adaptive grammar is a formal grammar that explicitly provides mechanisms within the Formal system formalism to allow its own production rules to be manipulated. Overview John N. Shutt defines adaptive grammars as follows ADAPTIVE GRAMMAR MODEL A grammatical formalism that allows rule sets aka sets ... system formal properties of adaptive grammars was uncoordinated between researchers, only first being ...., What is an Adaptive Grammar? Web page dated 28 March 2001, at the URL http www.cs.wpi.edu jshutt ... , Vol. 6, No. 8., pp. 456 460, August 1963. ref The next generally accepted reference to an adaptive ... index.php?cp 4 Adaptive Languages and Techniques Laboratory , specifically focusing on research and practice in adaptive technologies and theory. The LTA also maintains a page naming researchers in the field ... Adaptive Grammars by the name Recursive Adaptable Grammars, and notes his change to adaptive at this URL ... usage has tended towards the use of the term adaptive or some variant such as adaptativa , ref name ... to her formalism as adaptive grammars , ref name Iwai2000 but this specific use of simply adaptive ... and extensions Shutt categorizes adaptive grammar models into two main categories ref name Shutt1993 ref name Shutt2001b Shutt, John N., Imperative Adaptive Grammars Web page dated 28 March ... adaptive grammars vary their rules based on a global State computer science state changing over ... Declarative adaptive grammars vary their rules only over the space of the generation of a language ... , and adding a hybrid time space category ref name Jackson2006 Time space adaptive grammars hybrids ... and global operations are explicitly differentiated by the notation for such changes . Adaptive formalisms in the literature Adaptive formalisms may be divided into two main categories full grammar formalisms adaptive grammars , and adaptive machines, upon which some grammar formalisms have been based. Adaptive grammar formalisms The following is a list by no means complete of grammar formalisms ... more details
, M.A. Zamani, H. Lesani, C. Lucas, M. Lehtonen, 2009. An Expert System Realization of Adaptive ..., M. Lehtonen, H. Lesani, C. Lucas, M. Nordman, 2007. Adaptive autonomy smart cooperative cybernetic ... LOA to the changes in peripheral situations. This concept is known as adaptive automation ... Physical Agents FIPA . ref however, the term adaptive autonomy AA , ref A. Fereidunian, H. Lesani, C. Lucas, M. Lehtonen, 2008. A Framework for Implementation of Adaptive Autonomy for Intelligent ... like adaptive control and adaptive automation in systems control terminology. References ... Automation Cybernetics Thomas B. Sheridan Caro Lucas DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Autonomy Category ... more details
Adaptive expertise is a broad construct that encompasses a range of cognitive , motivational, and personality ... demonstrate adaptive expertise when they are able to efficiently solve previously encountered tasks ... few types over and over classic expertise , and one produces new menus frequently adaptive expertise ... be able to break out of the routines easily given a different situation. However, the adaptive expert ... are interested in adaptive expertise, in part because they would like to understand the types of learning ..., a true dichotomy between adaptive and classic expertise. Expertise can be thought of as a continuum of adaptive ability. On one end, practitioners can be classified as routinely skilled ... System Designer In Singleton, W.T. Ed. The Analysis of Practical Skills. Baltimore, MD University ... 1 51. ref The notion of adaptive expertise suggests that new problems can be viewed as a platform ... feature of adaptive expertise is the ability to apply knowledge effectively to novel problems or atypical cases in a domain. Holyoak characterized adaptive experts as being capable of drawing on their knowledge ..., P., Pokorny, A., Dibble, E., & Glaser, R. 1992 A naturalistic study of transfer Adaptive expertise ... adaptive experts greater tendency to enrich and refine their understanding on the basis of continuing experience to learn from problem solving episodes. ref name Bransford A Model of Adaptive Expertise One model of adaptive expertise ref name Schwartz looks at two dimensions along which a learner ... into a different situation, the adaptive expert may innovate. Schwartz, John D. Bransford Bransford ... and high innovation , and Adaptive Expert high efficiency and high innovation . As originally presented ... learning and trajectory to adaptive expertise. Schwartz and colleagues suggest that the trajectory ... and trajectories to adaptive expertise. Trajectories to Adaptive Expertise Schwartz and his colleagues suggest two possible trajectories to adaptive expertise 1 innovate and then become efficient ... more details
ability of adaptivity. In Adaptive learning, the basic premise is that the tool or system will be able ..., such as in language learning applications. Today, the number of new adaptive learning system ... technology is often referred to as an Intelligent Tutoring System or an Adaptive Learning System. Intelligent ... and logic programming to an Adaptive Learning System. Systems using ILP are able to create hypothesis ...Adaptive learning is an educational method which uses computers as interactive teaching devices. Computers .... Adaptive learning has been partially driven by a realization that tailored learning cannot be achieved on a large scale using traditional, non adaptive approaches. Adaptive learning systems ... title Adaptive Learning Environments and e Learning Standards last Paramythis and Reisinger accessdate ... 2010 DASHBot deadurl no Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref Adaptive learning systems primary ... designed as both desktop computer applications and web applications. Adaptive learning has also been known as adaptive educational hypermedia , computer based learning , adaptive instruction, intelligent tutoring systems , and computer based pedagogical agents. History Adaptive learning or Intelligent ... http www.autotutor.org AutoTutor which was developed by the Institute of Intelligent System around the turn of the century that adaptive learning systems got a voice. This was a major step in adaptive ... are finding uses for the applications of adaptive learning such as professional development. Technology methodology Adaptive learning systems have traditionally been divided into separate components or models ... ref cite web title What is an Intelligent Tutoring System? url http www.cs.niu.edu freedman papers ... Instructional environment The user interface for interacting with the system Expert model The expert ... systems, even expert methodologies to illustrate approaches to the questions. Adaptive learning systems ... Computer Adaptive Testing . In CAT, the subject is presented with questions that are selected based ... more details
What is Adaptive Management ? Adaptive management AM , also known as adaptive resource management ARM ... , with an aim to reducing uncertainty over time via System Monitoring system monitoring . In this way ... or actively, accrues information needed to improve future management. Adaptive management is a tool which should be used not only to change a system, but also to learn about the system Holling 1978 . Because adaptive management is based on a learning process, it improves long run management outcomes. The challenge in using the adaptive management approach lies in finding the correct balance between ... which are vital components of adaptive management, including Management is linked to appropriate temporal ... to include past, present and future Stakeholder corporate stakeholders . Adaptive management needs to at least maintain political openness, but usually aims to create it. Adaptive management must therefore ... . Adaptive management can proceed as either passive adaptive management or active adaptive management , depending on how learning takes place. Passive adaptive management values learning only .... In contrast, active adaptive management explicitly incorporates learning as part of the objective ... differently. Often, deriving actively adaptive policies is technically very difficult, which prevents it being more commonly applied. Key features of both passive and active adaptive management are Iterative ... Feedback between monitoring and decisions learning Explicit characterization of system uncertainty ... understanding Adaptive management is particularly applicable for systems in which learning via ... effective adaptive management decision making Elzinga et al. 1998 Alana & Michael, 2009 The monitoring ... of adaptive management techniques can be traced back to peoples from ancient civilisations. For example, the Yap people of Micronesia have been using adaptive management techniques to sustain high ... 1997 . The origin of the adaptive management concept can be traced back to ideas of scientific ... more details
unreferenced date June 2009 bot yes Adaptive communications can mean any communications system , or portion thereof, that automatically uses feedback information obtained from the system itself or from the signals carried by the system to modify dynamically one or more of the system operational parameters to improve system performance or to resist Degradation telecommunications degradation . The modification of a system parameter may be discrete, as in hard switched diversity reception , or may be continuous, as in a predetection combining algorithm. See also Channel use CALM M5 Category Telecommunications terms telecomm term stub ... more details
A deformable mirror can be used to correct wavefront errors in an astronomical telescope. File Adaptive optics system full.svg thumb Illustration of a simplified adaptive optics system. The light first ... when the adaptive optics system is switched off. The right hand panel shows the slow motion movie of the same star when the AO system is switched on. The image of the star is much more compact, and breaks up less with adaptive optics switched on. However, the image of the star also changes shape much more quickly when the adaptive optics system is switched on. When light from a star or another ... An adaptive optics system tries to correct these Optical aberration distortions , using a wavefront ... as a guide star for the AO. The necessity of a reference star means that an adaptive optics system ... Retinal OCT Imaging System to Incorporate Adaptive Optics publisher adaptiveoptics.org accessdate 28 ... ADONIS ADaptive Optics Near Infrared System ADONIS Adjustable focus eyeglasses List of telescope parts ... sends updated signals to the DM and TT mirrors. Adaptive optics AO is a technology used to improve ... in Astronomy astronomical telescope s ref cite journal last Beckers first J.M. title Adaptive Optics ... DR chapter Retinal imaging using adaptive optics editor1 last MacRae editor1 first S editor2 last ... publisher SLACK, Inc. ref to reduce the impact of optical aberration s. Adaptive optics works by measuring ... the technique practical. Adaptive optics should not be confused with active optics , which works on a longer ... correction The simplest form of adaptive optics is tip tilt correction , ref cite conference last Watson first Jim title Tip Tilt Correction for Astronomical Telescopes using Adaptive Control conference ... left Astronomers at the Very Large Telescope site in Chile use adaptive optics. Atmospheric seeing ... sensor is one type of wavefront sensor used for adaptive optics. File Ao movie.gif thumb right Negative ... in various ways ref cite conference last Max first Claire title Introduction to Adaptive Optics and its ... more details
system such as a stock market , Adaptive Modeler is said to be an illustration of simple ...Altreva Adaptive Modeler is a software application for creating agent based model agent based financial market simulation models for the purpose of forecasting prices of real world market traded stocks or other securities. ref http www.econ.iastate.edu tesfatsi acedemos.htm ACE ACE Comp Labs and Demos . Department of Economics, Iowa State University. ref The technology it uses is based on the theory of Agent based computational economics ACE , the computational study of economic processes modeled as dynamic systems of interacting heterogeneous agents. Altreva s Adaptive Modeler and other agent based models are used to simulate financial markets to capture the complex dynamics of a large diversity of investors and traders with different strategies, different trading time frames, and different investment goals. ref http readingthemarkets.blogspot.com 2009 10 agent based models.html Reading the Markets Insights from Financial Literature . Brenda Jubin, Ph.D. ref Technology The software creates an agent based model that consist of a population of agents representing traders or investors that trade on a virtual market. The agents use real market data as input to their technical trading rules that evolve through an adaptive form of genetic programming . The forecasts are based on the behavior of the entire virtual market instead of only the best performing agent. This aims to increase ... testing of trading rules, genetic algorithms and neural networks , Adaptive Modeler does not optimize ... model, ref http www.altreva.com models.html Example models Altreva ref Adaptive Modeler shows ... 22 has been achieved, which is an excess annual return of 15 . Adaptive Modeler was used in a study ... marketsshowcase.html Financial Markets Show Case Adaptive Modeler from Altreva . Evil Solutions, Evil Ltd. ref Origins Adaptive Modeler was created by Jim Witkam and was first released to the public ... more details
memory is the relatively little adaptation adaptive value of a memory system that evolved merely ... experienced by the evolutionary ancestors of modern humans. Adaptive memory is the study ... related information. ref name Nairne1 Nairne, J.S., Thompson S.R., Pandeirada, J.N.S. 2007 . Adaptive ... and Cognition, 33 2 , 263 273. ref One key element of adaptive memory research is the notion that memory ... Nairne6 Nairne, J. S., Pandeirada, J.N.S. 2008 . Adaptive memory Remembering with a stone age brain ... name Nairne6 History of adaptive memory research A recent development in the field of evolutionary psychology , adaptive memory was first proposed in 2007 by James S. Nairne, Sarah R. Thompson, and Josefa ... study on the subject of adaptive memory was published in 2007 and its methodology has been replicated ... tests. ref name Nairne6 A very important element of studying adaptive memory to consider, like other ... for testing adaptive memory and the survival advantage in human participants has thus far mostly ..., J.N.S. 2010 . Adaptive memory ancestral priorities and the mnemonic value of survival processing. Cognitive Psychology, 61, 1 22. ref ref name Nairne2 Nairne, J.S., Pandeirada, J.N.S. 2008 . Adaptive ... name Burns Burns, D.J., Burns, S.A., Hwang, A.J. Adaptive memory Determining the proximate mechanisms ..., Gregory, K.J., Van Arsdall, J.E. 2009 . Adaptive memory fitness relevance and the hunter gatherer ...., Smeets, T. 2010 . Adaptive memory survival processing increases both true and false memory in adults ... memory can be seen as a side effect to an otherwise highly adaptive process. ref name TrueFalse Planning ..., 109, 306 329. ref Adaptive memory states that memory was created and developed by the process of natural ... system for planning future acts. Memory & Cognition, 38 1 , 13 22. ref Gathering related navigation There exists evidence that the human memory system has evolved to be equipped with a gathering related navigation system, helping remember the location of gatherable food sources in spatial memory ... more details
Expert subject Computing date May 2011 Adaptive compression is a type of data compression which changes compression algorithm s based on the type of data being compressed. ref name PCMag Cite web url http www.pcmag.com encyclopedia term 0,2542,t adaptive compression&i 37503,00.asp work PC Magizine Encyclopedia title Adaptive compression accessdate 21 April 2011 ref References reflist Category Data compression Computing stub ... more details
refimprove date June 2007 Adaptive equipment are tool device s that are used to assist with completing activities of daily living . Bathing , dressing, Personal grooming grooming , toileting, and feeding are self care activities that are including in the spectrum of activities of daily living ADLs . Jennifer McLaughlin Maly a P.T. D.P.T. in her article located in the journal Exceptional Parent gives a more complete definition of adapative equipment Typically, a piece of adaptive equipment is utilized to increase a child s function. Examples of adaptive equipment or assistive technology are wheelchairs, lifts, standing frames, gait trainers, augmentative communication devices, bath chairs, and recreational items such as swings or tricycles. ref McLaughlin Maly, J. 2007 . My child needs a piece of adaptive equipment Now what? Well it depends The Exceptional Parent, 11 37 , 46 47 ref A growing market for adaptive equipment is in the use of mobility vans. In this case, adaptive equipment, also known as assistive technology, can help a person with a disability operate a motor vehicle when otherwise they would not be able to. ref http www.clockmobility.com assistive technology Adaptive Equipment ref References Reflist Category Tools disability stub ... more details
Adaptive rowing is a special category of rowing sport rowing race for those with physical Disability disabilities . Under International Rowing Federation FISA rules there are three categories for adaptive rowers LTA Legs, Trunk, Arms Use of at least one leg, trunk and arms. Also for those with visually impaired visual and intellectual impairment s. Rowed with standard boats and sliding seats. TA Trunk and Arms Only use of trunk muscles. Boat has fixed seat. AS Arms and Shoulders Limited trunk control. Boat has fixed seat and rower is strapped at upper chest level to only allow shoulder and arm movements. At FISA events there are 4 boat events standard sport rowing Terminology and event nomenclature nomenclature is used 4 Mixed LTA 2x Mixed TA 1x Men AS 1x Women AS Racing is held over 1,000 m rather than the standard 2,000 m . In mixed events half the crew must be male and other half female coxswain maybe of either gender and may be able bodied . Single shells for the Arms and Shoulders category must have stabilising pontoons attached to the riggers. Adaptive events were added to the World Rowing Championships in 2002 and took place at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing , China . External links http www.worldrowing.com event report.sps?iType 4138&icustompageid 6618 FISA Adaptive Rowing page http www.rowingcanada.org domestic rowing adaptive Rowing Canada s Domestic Adaptive Rowing Page http www.britishrowing.org taking part adaptive British Rowing s UK Domestic Adaptive Rowing Page http www.usrowing.org Adaptive USRowing s Domestic Adaptive Rowing Page Category Rowing ... more details
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