The adaptivevalue represents the combined influence of all Trait biological characters which affect the fitness biology fitness of an individual or population. See also Portal Evolutionary biology Adaptation Evolution External links http www.talkorigins.org indexcc CB CB950.html Category Evolutionary biology terminology Evolution stub ... more details
Wiktionary Value or values may refer to Concepts of worth Value theory overview of approaches in various disciplines Value ethics Value personal and cultural Value economics Theory of value economics Value investing Value marketing Value law i.e. consideration Concepts of quantity, amount, or entity Value semiotics Value mathematics Value computer science Note value music Colour theory Lightness Values usually refers to Value ethics Value personal and cultural Value law Disambiguation af Waarde ar cs Hodnota de Valor es Valor fr Valeur it Valore he ja no Verdi pl Warto pt Valor ro Valoare sk Hodnota fi Arvo t smennyssivu sv V rde vi Gi tr ... more details
Dablink T value can also refer to the Student s t test . The United States Department of Agriculture defines the T Value as the maximum average soil loss in tons per year that will still allow economical maintenance of the current level of production into the future. ref http agriculture.house.gov info glossary tu.htm USA Department of Agriculture ref References Reflist colwidth 40em references references Category United States Department of Agriculture ... more details
image Labeledcyclohexane.png thumb 400px right The A value for a methyl group is 1.74 as derived from the chemical equilibrium above. This means it costs 1.74 kcal mol of energy to have a methyl group in the axial position compared to the equatorial position. A Values are numerical values used in the determination of the most stable orientation of atoms in a molecule Conformational isomerism Conformational Analysis , as well as a general representation of steric bulk . A values are derived from energy measurements of a monosubstituted cyclohexane conformation cyclohexane ring. ref name PACGlossary ... axial substitution and the lower energy conformation equatorial substitution is the A value for that particular ... the substituent with the largest A value is equatorial is favored. image methyltbutyl cyclohexane.png thumb 600px center A methyl substituent has a significantly smaller A value than a tert butyl ... help predict the steric effect of a substituent. In general, the larger a substituent s A value, the larger the steric effect of that substituent. Methyl has an A value of 1.74 while butyl tert butyl has an A value of 5. Because the A value of tert butyl is higher, tert butyl has a larger steric effect ... conformations of ethyl cyclohexane, the A value is reduced from what would be predicted based ... Havinga first4 E. ref class wikitable style text align center Substituent A Value Substituent A Value Substituent A Value D 0.006 CH sub 2 sub Br 1.79 OSi CH sub 3 sub sub 3 sub 0.74 F 0.15 CH CH sub ... value of a favorable intramolecular hydrogen bond can be calculated. ref name HBondApprox cite journal .... The carboxylic acid substituent shown below is axial in the ground state, despite a positive A Value ... effect. For example, the tert butyl group A value 4.9 has a larger A value than the trimethylsilyl group A value 2.5 , yet the tert butyl group actually occupies less space. This difference can be attributed ... effectively makes the trimethylsilyl group less sterically hindering, thus, lowering it s A value ... more details
Adaptive Control is the control method used by a controller which must adapt to a controlled system with parameters ... conditions. Adaptive control is different from robust control in that it does not need a priori ... that if the changes are within given bounds the control law need not be changed, while adaptive control is concerned with control law changes themselves. Parameter estimation The foundation of adaptive ... are commonly used to improve the robustness of estimation algorithms. Classification of adaptive control techniques In general one should distinguish between Feedforward Adaptive Control Feedback Adaptive Control as well as between Direct Methods and Indirect Methods Direct methods are ones wherein the estimated parameters are those directly used in the adaptive controller. In contrast ... parameters ref cite book last Astrom first Karl title Adaptive Control year 2008 publisher Dover pages 25 26 ref There are several broad categories of feedback adaptive control classification can vary Dual Adaptive Controllers based on Dual control theory Optimal Dual Controllers difficult to design Suboptimal Dual Controllers Nondual Adaptive Controllers Adaptive Pole Placement Extremum Seeking Controllers Iterative learning control Gain scheduling Model Reference Adaptive Controllers MRACs ... Adaptive Controllers MIACs perform System identification while the system is running Cautious Adaptive ... Adaptive Controllers take current SI to be the true system, assume no uncertainty Nonparametric Adaptive Controllers Parametric Adaptive Controllers Explicit Parameter Adaptive Controllers Implicit Parameter Adaptive Controllers Some special topics in adaptive control can be introduced as well Adaptive Control Based on Discrete Time Process Identification Adaptive Control Based on the Model Reference Technique Adaptive Control based on Continuous Time Process Models Adaptive Control of Multivariable Processes Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Processes Applications When designing adaptive control ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 An adaptive enzyme or inducible enzyme is an enzyme that is gene expression expressed only under conditions in which it is clear of adaptivevalue, as opposed to a constitutive enzyme which is produced all the time. The Inducible enzyme is used for the breaking down of things in the cell. It is also a part of the Operon Model, which illustrates a way for genes to turn on and off . The Inducer causes the gene to turn on controlled by the amount of reactant which turns the gene on . Then there s the repressor protein that turns genes off. The inducer can remove this repressor, turning genes back on. The operator is a section of DNA where the repressor binds to shut off certain genes the promoter is the section of DNA where the RNA polymerase binds. Lastly, the regulatory gene is the gene for the repressor protein. An example of inducible enzyme is COX 2 which is synthesized in macrophages to produce Prostaglandin E sub 2 sub while the constitutive enzyme COX 1 another isozyme in COX family is always produced in variety of organisms in body like stomach . Wiktionarypar adaptive enzyme DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Enzyme Category Enzymes Enzyme stub ... more details
to house exhibits. Adaptive reuse refers to the process of reusing an old site or building for a purpose other than which it was built or designed for. Along with brownfield reclamation, adaptive reuse ... adaptive reuse can become controversial as there is sometimes a blurred line between renovation , facadism and adaptive reuse. It can be regarded as a compromise between historic preservation and demolition . Definition Adaptive reuse deals with the issues of conservation and heritage policies. Whilst ... and economics moves faster than the built environment, adaptive Reuse comes in as a sustainable ... subjects of adaptive reuse include industrial buildings, as cities become gentrified and the process ... where the use has changed over time. Adaptive reuse is seen as an effective way of reducing urban sprawl and environmental impact. ref Joachim, M. 2002, Adaptive reuse , Massachusetts Institute ... adaptive reuse old, unoccupied buildings can become suitable sites for many different types of use. Factors affecting adaptive reuse Criteria for adaptive reuse While the process of adaptive reuse ... of land it occupies. Some of these determining criteria include The societal value of a given ... KelsoHome SE.jpg thumb Kelso Home building a classic candidate for adaptive reuse being razed to accommodate ... on the economic possibilities and viability of adaptive reuse as different corporations and companies ...&2, pp. 32 49 ref There are many outcomes that affect the economic return of adaptive ruse as an avenue ... to fit current and future building codes . ref Shipley, R., Utz, S., Parsons, M. 2006 Does Adaptive ... of Historic Preservation Urban Land Vol.42, pp. 8 11 ref due to their own involvement with adaptive ... represents a saving of between 10 12 ref Shipley, R., Utz, S., Parsons, M. 2006 Does Adaptive reuse ... the assertions that adaptive reuse projects often have an uncertainty to their profitably, that newer ... to be around 700,000. ref Shipley, R., Utz, S., Parsons, M. 2006 Does Adaptive reuse Pay? A Study of the Business ... more details
Adaptive learning is an educational method which uses computers as interactive teaching devices. Computers ... by their responses to questions. The motivation is to allow electronic education to incorporate the value .... Adaptive learning has been partially driven by a realization that tailored learning cannot be achieved on a large scale using traditional, non adaptive approaches. Adaptive learning systems ... title Adaptive Learning Environments and e Learning Standards last Paramythis and Reisinger accessdate ... 2010 DASHBot deadurl no Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref Adaptive learning systems primary ... designed as both desktop computer applications and web applications. Adaptive learning has also been known as adaptive educational hypermedia , computer based learning , adaptive instruction, intelligent tutoring systems , and computer based pedagogical agents. History Adaptive learning or Intelligent ... ability of adaptivity. In Adaptive learning, the basic premise is that the tool or system will be able ... the turn of the century that adaptive learning systems got a voice. This was a major step in adaptive ..., such as in language learning applications. Today, the number of new adaptive learning system ... are finding uses for the applications of adaptive learning such as professional development. Technology methodology Adaptive learning systems have traditionally been divided into separate components or models ... systems, even expert methodologies to illustrate approaches to the questions. Adaptive learning systems ... Computer Adaptive Testing . In CAT, the subject is presented with questions that are selected based ... using Bayes Theorem Bayes Law these adaptive learning methods are often called bayesian algorithms ... implementation Adaptive learning that is implemented in the classroom environment using information technology is often referred to as an Intelligent Tutoring System or an Adaptive Learning System. Intelligent Tutoring Systems operate upon three basic principles ref cite web title Adaptive Learning ... more details
math S math we say that math S math is an adaptive system if and only if when t tends to infinity ... S E P t S rightarrow S math Benefit of Self Adjusting Systems In an adaptive system, a parameter changes slowly and has no preferred value. In a self adjusting system though, the parameter value depends on the history of the system dynamics . One of the most important qualities of self .... 14 4 , 8 11. 2008 ref See also Portal Evolutionary biology Adaptive immune system Artificial neural network Complex adaptive system Diffusion of innovations Ecosystems Neural adaptation References ... more details
What is Adaptive Management ? Adaptive management AM , also known as adaptive resource management ARM ... or actively, accrues information needed to improve future management. Adaptive management is a tool ... adaptive management is based on a learning process, it improves long run management outcomes. The challenge in using the adaptive management approach lies in finding the correct balance between ... which are vital components of adaptive management, including Management is linked to appropriate temporal ... to include past, present and future Stakeholder corporate stakeholders . Adaptive management needs to at least maintain political openness, but usually aims to create it. Adaptive management must therefore ... . Adaptive management can proceed as either passive adaptive management or active adaptive management , depending on how learning takes place. Passive adaptive management values learning only .... In contrast, active adaptive management explicitly incorporates learning as part of the objective ... differently. Often, deriving actively adaptive policies is technically very difficult, which prevents it being more commonly applied. Key features of both passive and active adaptive management are Iterative ... understanding Adaptive management is particularly applicable for systems in which learning via ... effective adaptive management decision making Elzinga et al. 1998 Alana & Michael, 2009 The monitoring ... of adaptive management techniques can be traced back to peoples from ancient civilisations. For example, the Yap people of Micronesia have been using adaptive management techniques to sustain high ... 1997 . The origin of the adaptive management concept can be traced back to ideas of scientific management pioneered by Frederick Taylor in the early 1900s Haber 1964 . While the term adaptive management ... 1986 further developed the adaptive management approach as they distinguished between passive and adaptive .... In 1992, Hilbourne described three learning models for federal land managers, around which adaptive ... more details
one source date September 2009 In statistics , an adaptive estimator is an estimator in a parametric model parametric or semiparametric model semiparametric model with nuisance parameter s such that the presence of these nuisance parameters does not affect efficiency of estimation. Definition Formally, let parameter in a parametric model consists of two parts the parameter of interest nowrap N R sup k sup , and the nuisance parameter nowrap H R sup m sup . Thus nowrap 1 , N H R sup k m sup . Then we will say that math style vertical align .1em scriptstyle hat nu n math is an adaptive estimator of in the presence of if this estimator is regular estimator regular , and efficient for each of the submodels ref harvnb Bickel 1998 loc Definition 2.4.1 ref math mathcal P nu eta 0 big P theta nu in N, , eta eta 0 big . math Adaptive estimator estimates the parameter of interest equally well regardless whether the value of the nuisance parameter is known or not. The necessary condition for a regular parametric model to have an adaptive estimator is that math I nu eta theta operatorname E , z nu z eta , 0 quad text for all theta, math where z sub sub and z sub sub are components of the score function corresponding to parameters and respectively, and thus I sub sub is the top right k m block of the Fisher information matrix I . Example Suppose math scriptstyle mathcal P math is the normal distribution normal location scale family math mathcal P Big f theta x tfrac 1 sqrt 2 pi sigma e frac 1 2 sigma 2 x mu 2 Big mu in mathbb R , sigma 0 Big . math Then the usual estimator math hat mu , , bar x math is adaptive we can estimate the mean equally well whether we know the variance or not. Notes refs Basic references refbegin cite book authors Bickel, Peter J. Chris A.J. Klaassen Ya acov Ritov Jon A. Wellner title Efficient and adaptive estimation for semiparametric ...&count 38&index 2 I. V. Blagouchine and E. Moreau Unbiased Adaptive Estimations of the Fourth Order ... more details
In applied mathematics , adaptive quadrature is a process in which the integral of a function mathematics function math f x math is function approximation approximated using static Numerical integration quadrature rules on adaptively refined subintervals of the integration domain mathematics domain . Generally, adaptive algorithms are just as efficient and effective as traditional algorithms for well behaved integrands, but are also effective for badly behaved integrands for which traditional algorithms fail. General scheme Adaptive quadrature follows the general scheme 1. procedure integrate f , a , b , tau 2. math Q approx int a bf x , mbox d x math 3. math varepsilon approx left Q int a bf x , mbox d x right math 4. if math varepsilon tau math then 5. m a b 2 6. Q integrate f,a,m,tau 2 integrate f,m,b,tau 2 7. endif 8. return Q An approximation math Q math to the integral of math f x math over the interval math a,b math is computed line 2 , as well as an error estimate math varepsilon ... a sequence of results which should approach the correct value. Otherwise one can use a null rule which has the form of the above quadrature rule, but whose value would be zero for a simple integrand for example ... see also Romberg s method Null rules Epsilon algorithm Subdivision logic Local adaptive quadrature ... on each of the subintervals be less than the user s requirement. This would be global adaptive quadrature. Global adaptive quadrature can be more efficient using fewer evaluations of the integrand ... on the current set of intervals. See also Adaptive Simpson s method for an example of adaptive quadrature QUADPACK , a FORTRAN library that uses global adaptive quadrature References http portal.acm.org ... 145 Adaptive numerical integration by Simpson s rule. Commun. ACM 5 12 604 1962 . http portal.acm.org ... for Adaptive Quadrature. Journal of the ACM 22 1 pp 61 82 January 1975 . Citation last1 ... Press publication place New York isbn 978 0 521 88068 8 chapter Section 4.7. Adaptive Quadrature ... more details
memory is the relatively little adaptation adaptivevalue of a memory system that evolved merely ..., J.N.S. 2010 . Adaptive memory ancestral priorities and the mnemonic value of survival processing. Cognitive Psychology, 61, 1 22. ref ref name Nairne2 Nairne, J.S., Pandeirada, J.N.S. 2008 . Adaptive ... experienced by the evolutionary ancestors of modern humans. Adaptive memory is the study ... related information. ref name Nairne1 Nairne, J.S., Thompson S.R., Pandeirada, J.N.S. 2007 . Adaptive ... and Cognition, 33 2 , 263 273. ref One key element of adaptive memory research is the notion that memory ... Nairne6 Nairne, J. S., Pandeirada, J.N.S. 2008 . Adaptive memory Remembering with a stone age brain ... name Nairne6 History of adaptive memory research A recent development in the field of evolutionary psychology , adaptive memory was first proposed in 2007 by James S. Nairne, Sarah R. Thompson, and Josefa ... study on the subject of adaptive memory was published in 2007 and its methodology has been replicated ... tests. ref name Nairne6 A very important element of studying adaptive memory to consider, like other ... for testing adaptive memory and the survival advantage in human participants has thus far mostly ... name Burns Burns, D.J., Burns, S.A., Hwang, A.J. Adaptive memory Determining the proximate mechanisms ..., Gregory, K.J., Van Arsdall, J.E. 2009 . Adaptive memory fitness relevance and the hunter gatherer ...., Smeets, T. 2010 . Adaptive memory survival processing increases both true and false memory in adults ... memory can be seen as a side effect to an otherwise highly adaptive process. ref name TrueFalse Planning ..., 109, 306 329. ref Adaptive memory states that memory was created and developed by the process of natural ... basis of adaptive memory File Hippocampus.png thumb right Location of the hippocampus in the brain ... on the direct neurological processes that go on during an adaptive memory consolidation, there is a growing .... Episodic memories are crucial in the development and implementation of adaptive future behaviours ... more details
s, adaptive hypermedia AH tailors what the user sees to the learner s goals, abilities, interests, knowledge, etc. Adaptive hypermedia is the answer to the lost in hyperspace syndrome, where the user ... the most appropriate ones to him her. Adaptive hypermedia thus offers a selection of links or content most appropriate to the current user. Moreover, adaptive hypermedia can also offer the most appropriate ... the information from e.g. hand held device versus desktop, etc. . Adaptive hypermedia is thus ... application field of adaptive hypermedia is adaptive educational hypermedia AEH , which tailors what ... via adaptive hypermedia, where the items offered for purchasing are adapted to the user s detected ..., the use of adaptive hypermedia is not limited to formal or informal education or training endeavours ..., services, and experiences. Thus, systems like Amazon.com Amazon are also examples of adaptive ... of adaptive hypermedia, besides adaptive e learning and adaptive e commerce applications, can be adaptive e government applications. Generally speaking, adaptive hypermedia systems can be useful anywhere where hypertext and hypermedia are used. The most popular adaptive hypermedia systems are World ... commerce and computer engineering are contributing to the development of adaptive hypermedia. Unlike intelligent tutoring systems , however, adaptive educational hypermedia doesn t target stand alone systems, but hypermedia systems. Adaptivity versus adaptability An interesting aspect of adaptive hypermedia ... , whereas an adaptive system that presents intelligence is more surprising and thus more interesting. This conforms with the general preference of the adaptive hypermedia research community, which considers adaptation more interesting. However, the truth of adaptive hypermedia systems is somewhere ... Research Adaptive hypermedia is the object of a number of researches, in particular in conjunction ... www.umuai.org User Modeling and User Adapted Interaction UMUAI http www.ah2008.org Adaptive Hypermedia ... more details
The adaptive unconscious is a set of mental processes influencing judgment and decision making, in a way that is inaccessible to introspection introspective awareness. This conception of the unconscious mind has emerged in cognitive psychology , influenced by, but different from, other conceptions such as Sigmund Freud s. The adaptive unconscious is distinguished from conscious processing in a number of ways, including being faster, effortless, more focused on the present, and less flexible. In other theories of the mind, the unconscious is limited to low level activity, such as carrying out goals which have been decided consciously. In contrast, the adaptive unconscious is thought to be involved in high level cognition such as goal setting as well. According to Freud, the unconscious mind stored a lot of mental content which needs to be repressed. The term adaptive unconscious reflects the idea that much of what the unconscious does is beneficial to the organism that its various processes have been streamlined by evolution to quickly evaluate and respond to patterns in an organism s environment. ref name trusting cite book last Wilson first Timothy D. title Trusting the subject? the use of introspective evidence in cognitive science editor Anthony Jack, Andreas Roepstorff publisher Imprint Academic year 2003 pages 131 140 chapter Knowing When to Ask Introspection and the Adaptive ... research suggests that much of our preferences, attitudes and ideas come from the adaptive unconscious ... Reflist 2 Further reading Wilson, Timothy D. 2002 . Strangers to Ourselves Discovering the Adaptive ..., Value, and Potential for Improvement journal Annual Review of Psychology volume 55 pages 493 518 ... 2003 title Book Review Strangers to Ourselves Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious by Timothy Wilson ... Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious publisher Belknap Press of Harvard University Press year ... pmid 18584056 pmc 2440575 doi 10.1111 j.1745 6916.2008.00064.x DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Unconscious Category ... more details
Expert subject Computing date May 2011 Adaptive compression is a type of data compression which changes compression algorithm s based on the type of data being compressed. ref name PCMag Cite web url http www.pcmag.com encyclopedia term 0,2542,t adaptive compression&i 37503,00.asp work PC Magizine Encyclopedia title Adaptive compression accessdate 21 April 2011 ref References reflist Category Data compression Computing stub ... more details
refimprove date June 2007 Adaptive equipment are tool device s that are used to assist with completing activities of daily living . Bathing , dressing, Personal grooming grooming , toileting, and feeding are self care activities that are including in the spectrum of activities of daily living ADLs . Jennifer McLaughlin Maly a P.T. D.P.T. in her article located in the journal Exceptional Parent gives a more complete definition of adapative equipment Typically, a piece of adaptive equipment is utilized to increase a child s function. Examples of adaptive equipment or assistive technology are wheelchairs, lifts, standing frames, gait trainers, augmentative communication devices, bath chairs, and recreational items such as swings or tricycles. ref McLaughlin Maly, J. 2007 . My child needs a piece of adaptive equipment Now what? Well it depends The Exceptional Parent, 11 37 , 46 47 ref A growing market for adaptive equipment is in the use of mobility vans. In this case, adaptive equipment, also known as assistive technology, can help a person with a disability operate a motor vehicle when otherwise they would not be able to. ref http www.clockmobility.com assistive technology Adaptive Equipment ref References Reflist Category Tools disability stub ... more details
Adaptive rowing is a special category of rowing sport rowing race for those with physical Disability disabilities . Under International Rowing Federation FISA rules there are three categories for adaptive rowers LTA Legs, Trunk, Arms Use of at least one leg, trunk and arms. Also for those with visually impaired visual and intellectual impairment s. Rowed with standard boats and sliding seats. TA Trunk and Arms Only use of trunk muscles. Boat has fixed seat. AS Arms and Shoulders Limited trunk control. Boat has fixed seat and rower is strapped at upper chest level to only allow shoulder and arm movements. At FISA events there are 4 boat events standard sport rowing Terminology and event nomenclature nomenclature is used 4 Mixed LTA 2x Mixed TA 1x Men AS 1x Women AS Racing is held over 1,000 m rather than the standard 2,000 m . In mixed events half the crew must be male and other half female coxswain maybe of either gender and may be able bodied . Single shells for the Arms and Shoulders category must have stabilising pontoons attached to the riggers. Adaptive events were added to the World Rowing Championships in 2002 and took place at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing , China . External links http www.worldrowing.com event report.sps?iType 4138&icustompageid 6618 FISA Adaptive Rowing page http www.rowingcanada.org domestic rowing adaptive Rowing Canada s Domestic Adaptive Rowing Page http www.britishrowing.org taking part adaptive British Rowing s UK Domestic Adaptive Rowing Page http www.usrowing.org Adaptive USRowing s Domestic Adaptive Rowing Page Category Rowing ... more details
Adaptive optimization is a technique in computer science that performs dynamic recompilation of portions of a computer program program based on the current execution profile. With a simple implementation, an adaptive optimizer may simply make a trade off between Just in time compilation and interpreting instructions. At another level, adaptive optimization may take advantage of local data conditions to optimize away branches and to use inline expansion to decrease context switch ing. Consider a hypothetical banking application that handles transactions one after another. These transactions may be checks, deposits, and a large number of more obscure transactions. When the program executes, the actual data may consist of clearing tens of thousands of checks without processing a single deposit and without processing a single check with a fraudulent account number. An adaptive optimizer would compile assembly code to optimize for this common case. If the system then started processing tens of thousands of deposits instead, the adaptive optimizer would recompile the assembly code to optimize the new common case. This optimization may include inlining code or moving error processing code to secondary cache. Deoptimization In some systems, notably the Java Virtual Machine Citation needed date June 2011 , execution over a range of Java bytecode bytecode instructions can be provably reversed. This allows an adaptive optimizer to make risky assumptions about the code. In the above example, the optimizer may assume all transactions are checks and all account numbers are valid. When these assumptions prove incorrect, the adaptive optimizer can unwind to a valid state and then interpret the byte code instructions correctly. See also Java performance Adaptive optimization Adaptive optimization in Java External links http citeseer.ist.psu.edu arnold00adaptive.html CiteSeer for Adaptive Optimization in the Jalape o JVM 2000 by Matthew Arnold, Stephen Fink, David Grove, Michael Hind ... more details
How to date September 2009 Adaptive stepsize is a technique in numerical analysis used for many problems, but mainly for integration. It can be used for both normal integration i.e. quadrature , or the process of solving an ordinary differential equation . This article focuses on the latter. For an explanation of adaptive stepsize in normal integration, see for example Romberg s method . As usual, an initial value problem is stated math y t f t,y t , qquad y a y a math Here, it is made clear that y and f can be vectors, as they will be when dealing with a system of coupled differential equations. In the rest of the article, this fact will be implicit. Suppose we are interested in obtaining a solution at point math t b math , given a function math f t,y math , an initial time point, math t a math , and an initial solution math y a y a math . Of course a numerical solution will generally have an error, so we assume math y b epsilon y b math , where math epsilon math is the error. For the sake of simplicity, the following example uses the simplest integration method, the Euler method . Note that the Euler method is almost exclusively useful for educational purposes in practice, higher order Runge Kutta methods are used due to their superior convergence and stability properties. Recall that the Euler method is derived from Taylor s theorem with the intermediate value theorem and the fact that math y t f t,y math math y t h y t hf t,y t frac h 2 2 f eta,y eta , qquad t le eta le t h math Which leads to the Euler method math y n 1 0 y n hf t n,y n math And its local truncation error math tau n 1 0 ch 2 math math y n 1 0 tau n 1 0 y t h math We mark this solution and its error with a math 0 math . Since math c math is not known to us in the general case it depends on the derivatives ... method. If you are interested in adaptive stepsize methods that use a so called embedded error estimate ... 2008 341 361. DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Stepsize Category Numerical differential equations Category Numerical ... more details
orphan date August 2009 An Adaptive website is a website that builds a model of user activity and modifies the information and or presentation of information to the user in order to better address the user s needs. Overview An adaptive website adjusts the structure, content, or presentation of information in response to measured user interaction with the site, with the objective of optimizing future user interactions. Adaptive websites are web sites that automatically improve their organization and presentation by learning from their user access patterns. . ref cite conference last Perkowitz first Mike coauthors Oren Etzioni. title Adaptive Web Sites an AI Challenge booktitle Proc. IJCAI 97 year 1997 url http www.cs.washington.edu research adaptive papers ijcai97.pdf ref User interaction patterns may be collected directly on the website or may be data mining mined from Web server logs. A model or models are created of user interaction using artificial intelligence and statistics statistical methods . The models are used as the basis for tailoring the website for known and specific patterns ... content are not adaptive websites as they rely on the user to select rather than the automation ... that are used on a website do not make it an adaptive website. They are all tools and techniques that may be used toward engineering an adaptive website. See also Collaborative filtering Machine learning Notes reflist References J.D. Vel squez and V. Palade, Adaptive Web Sites A Knowledge Extraction ... research adaptive papers ijcai97.pdf Adaptive Web Sites an AI Challenge , in Proc. IJCAI 97, Nagoya, Japan, 1997. Mike Perkowitz, Oren Etzioni, http www.cs.washington.edu research adaptive papers aij.pdf Towards adaptive Web sites Conceptual framework and case study , Artificial Intelligence 118 1 2 , 2000 External links http www.puremango.co.uk 2009 06 adaptive web sites Adaptive Web Sites , puremango.co.uk ... to A B test and optimize webpages DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Website Category Websites Category Collective ... more details
Advert date July 2011 Notability Companies date November 2011 Infobox company company name Adaptive Planning, Inc. company logo File Adaptive Planning Logo.gif company type Private company Private foundation ... United States US industry Software product Adaptive Planning homepage http www.adaptiveplanning.com www.adaptiveplanning.com Adaptive Planning, Inc. is a privately held Software as a service Software ... CPM solution to over 1,000 clients and 20,000 users worldwide. ref http www.adaptiveplanning.com , Adaptive Planning ,06 24 11 ref Overview In 2003, Robert S. Hull and Richard Dellinger co founded Adaptive .... Adaptive Planning was one of the first entries onto a nascent SaaS Business Intelligence BI and Corporate Performance Management CPM stage. Product File AP screenshot.jpg thumb 200px alt Adaptive Planning Screenshot Screenshots of the Adaptive Planning Interface. Adaptive Planning, Inc. is the maker of the Adaptive Planning application. The Adaptive Planning application is used for corporate ..., and Cost accounting variance analysis . ref http www.itjungle.com fhs fhs110111 story03.html, Adaptive ... based consumer application. But unlike spreadsheets, Adaptive Planning automates consolidations and integration ... rates adaptive planning 1 in customer satisfaction, IntuitiveTEK ,10 26 10 ref As with most SaaS models, Adaptive Planning customers pay an annual subscription fee to maintain their license, and their Instance ... CPM Solutions.pdf, Hurwitz ref On April 4, 2011, Adaptive Planning announced its Spring 2011 Release, ref http finance.yahoo.com news Adaptive Planning Introduces iw 1341246388.html?x 0&.v 1, Yahoo Finance ... to plan and manage their businesses. Awards Adaptive Planning was rated 1 in customer satisfaction ..., Gartner ,09 15 10 ref BPM Partners announced that Adaptive Planning was rated highest in customer satisfaction in its 2011 Pulse Survey. ref http www.adaptiveplanning.com news 92 61 Adaptive Planning ... ,03 07 11 ref Adaptive Planning was ranked 85 Top 10 in Silicon Valley on Deloitte s 2011 Technology ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 An adaptive beamformer is a beamforming system which performs adaptive spatial signal processing with an array of radar antennas or phased array in order to transmit or receive signals in different directions without having to mechanically steer the array. The main distinction between an adaptive beamformer and a conventional beamforming system is the ability of the former to adjust its performance to suit differences in its environment. A particularly important feature, in military applications, is the potential for an adaptive beamformer to reduce sensitivity to certain directions of arrival so as to counteract jamming by hostile transmissions. Adaptive Beamforming Schemes Least mean squares filter Least Mean Squares Algorithm Sample Matrix Inversion Algorithm Recursive least squares filter Recursive Least Square Algorithm Conjugate gradient method Constant Modulus Algorithm See also Beamforming is spatial signal processing which makes spatial beam focused on the target direction and spatial beam nulled interference signal. Smart Antennas is multiple antenna systems having one of three structures which are single input and multiple output SIMO , multiple input and single output MISO , and multiple input and multiple output MIMO structures. MIMO is an advanced smart antenna system which has multiple transmit antennas at the transmitter and multiple receive antennas at the receiver. DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Beamformer Category Signal processing ... more details
Multiple issues refimprove March 2009 orphan February 2009 Adaptive architecture is a Complex adaptive system system which changes its structure, behaviour or resources according to demand . The adaptation made is usually always? to Non functional requirement non functional characteristics rather than Functional requirement functional ones. Something of a misnomer, because the thing that adapts is the working system, rather than the more abstract Systems architecture architecture which defines the adaptability that is required of that system. Adaptive software architecture Used by programmers in relation to a program. An adaptive algorithm is an algorithm which changes its behavior based on the resources available. For example in the C Standard Library , the stable partition program acquires as much memory as it can get up to what it would need at most and applies the algorithm using that available memory. Adaptive infrastructure architecture Used by infrastructure engineers in relation to the configuration of processors. The computing resources used by applications the Disk partitioning partition size, or the number of server computer servers in a cluster computing cluster , or the share of a processor, or the number of processes are configured so that they shrink or grow with demand. Adaptive business architecture Could also be used for example in connection with a workflow system that assigns human resources to a task or service to match the demand for that task or service. Or an Organizational structure organisation structure that flexes in response to business changes. Category Reconfigurable computing ... more details
About human behaviors animal behaviors Adaptive behavior ecology computational behavior Adaptive algorithm the journal Adaptive Behavior journal One source date May 2010 Adaptive behavior is a type of behavior that is used to adjust to another type of behavior or situation. This is often characterized by a kind of behavior that allows an individual to change an unconstructive or disruptive behavior to something more constructive. These behaviors are most often social or personal behaviors. For example a constant habit psychology repetitive action could be re focused on something that creates or builds something. In other words the behavior can be adapted to something else. Maladaptive behavior is a type of behavior that is often used to reduce one s anxiety, but the result is dysfunctional ... Adaptive behavior includes the age appropriate behaviors necessary for people to live independently and to function safely and appropriately in daily life. Adaptive behaviors include real life ... Determination Behavior scales To determine a student s adaptive behavior capacities, professionals focus on the student s conceptual skills, social skills, and practical skills. To measure adaptive skills, professionals use adaptive behavior scales that have been normed on individuals with and without disabilities. Most adaptive behavior scales are completed by interviewing a parent , a teacher ... skills. Specialized behavior unbalanced section date June 2010 Tendencies The adaptive skills exhibited ... retardation tend to have substantial deficits in adaptive behavior. These limitations can take ... in these adaptive areas do not come to seriously limit one s quality of life. ref name ... problems. ref name Heward See also Adaptive behaviors Adaptive Behavior journal Moral character Character References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Adaptive Behavior Category Behavior Category Developmental psychology de Adaptive Reaktion pl Adaptabilno ... more details
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