Refimprove date November 2007 Signal transducing adaptor proteins are protein s which are accessory to main ... activity themselves ref MeshName Signal Transducing Adaptor Proteins ref but instead mediate specific proteinprotein interactions that drive the formation of Multiprotein complex protein complexes . Examples of adaptor proteins include MyD88 , Grb2 and SHC1 . Signalling components Much of the specificity of signal transduction depends on the recruitment of several signalling components such as protein kinases and G protein GTPase s into short lived active complexes in response to an activating signal such as a growth factor binding to its receptor biochemistry receptor . Domains Adaptor proteins ... other types of interaction domains found within adaptor and other signalling proteins which allow a rich diversity of specific and coordinated proteinprotein interactions to occur within the cell during signal transduction . Genes Genes encoding adaptor proteins include BCAR3 Breast cancer anti estrogen resistance protein 3 GRAP GRB2 related adaptorprotein GRAP2 GRB2 related adaptorprotein 2 LDLRAP1 low density lipoprotein receptor adaptorprotein 1 NCK1 NCK adaptorprotein 1 NCK2 NCK adaptorprotein 2 NOS1AP nitric oxide synthase 1 neuronal adaptorprotein PIK3AP1 phosphoinositide 3 kinase adaptorprotein 1 SH2B1 SH2B adaptorprotein 1 SH2B2 SH2B adaptorprotein 2 SH2B3 SH2B adaptorprotein 3 SH2D3A SH2 domain containing 3A SH2D3C SH2 domain containing 3C SHB gene SHB Src homology 2 domain containing adaptorprotein B SLC4A1AP solute carrier family 4 anion exchanger , member 1, adaptorprotein GAB2 GRB2 associated binding protein 2 References reflist See also Wikipedia MeSH D12.776 MeSH D12.776.157.057 adaptor proteins.2C signal transducing Wikipedia MeSH D12.776 MeSH D12.776.543.990.150 adaptor proteins.2C vesicular transport Cell signaling Carrier proteins Adaptor proteins Category Proteins Category Cell signaling molecular cell biology stub ja pl Adaptor ... more details
Infobox protein family Symbol ClpS Name ClpS image PDB 1r6q EBI.jpg width caption clpns with fragments Pfam PF02617 Pfam clan InterPro IPR003769 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1mbx TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, the ATP dependent Clp protease adaptorprotein ClpS is a bacterial protein . In the bacteria bacterial cytosol, Adenosine triphosphate ATP dependent protein degradation is performed by several different Chaperone protein chaperone protease pairs, including ClpAP. ClpS directly influences the ClpAP machine by Binding molecular binding to the N terminal protein domain domain of the Chaperone protein chaperone ClpA. The degradation of ClpAP substrates, both SsrA tagged protein s and ClpA itself, is specifically inhibited by ClpS. ClpS modifies ClpA Enzyme substrate substrate specificity, potentially redirecting degradation by ClpAP toward aggregated protein proteins . ref name pmid11931773 cite journal author Dougan DA, Reid BG, Horwich AL, Bukau B title ClpS, a substrate modulator of the ClpAP machine journal Mol. Cell volume 9 issue 3 pages 673 83 year 2002 month March pmid 11931773 doi 10.1016 S1097 2765 02 00485 9 url ref ClpS is a small alpha beta protein that consists of three alpha helix alpha helices connected to three Antiparallel biochemistry antiparallel beta strands. ref name pmid12426582 cite journal author Zeth K, Ravelli RB, Paal K, Cusack S, Bukau B, Dougan DA title Structural analysis of the adaptorprotein ClpS in complex with the N terminal domain of ClpA journal Nat. Struct. Biol. volume 9 issue 12 pages 906 11 year 2002 month December pmid 12426582 doi 10.1038 nsb869 url ref The protein has a globular shape, with a curved layer of three antiparallel alpha helices over a twisted antiparallel beta sheet . protein dimer Dimerization of ClpS may occur through its N terminal domain. This short extended N terminal region in ClpS ... in a small beta sheet. References reflist InterPro content IPR003769 Category Protein families ... more details
maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text This gene encodes the alpha 1 adaptin subunit of the adaptorprotein 2 AP2 ... not been determined. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene AP2A1 adaptor related protein complex ... 160 accessdate ref Interactions Adaptor related protein complex 2, alpha 1 has been shown to Proteinprotein interaction interact with DPYSL2 ref name pmid12942088 cite journal last Nishimura first ... Interaction of Shc with adaptorprotein adaptins. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 271 issue 9 pages ... Association and colocalization of Eps15 with adaptorprotein 2 and clathrin. journal J. Cell Biol ...PBB geneid 160 AP 2 complex subunit alpha 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2A1 gene . ref name pmid2564002 cite journal author Robinson MS title Cloning of cDNAs encoding two related 100 ... is part of the protein coat on the cytoplasmic face of coated vesicles which links clathrin to receptors ... 2 adaptor is a clathrin binding subunit. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 270 issue 40 pages 23768 ... Targeting signals and subunit interactions in coated vesicle adaptor complexes. journal J. Cell Biol ... of the Eps 15 protein. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 271 issue 20 pages 12111 6 year 1996 pmid 8662627 ... is an EH domain binding protein implicated in clathrin mediated endocytosis. journal Nature volume ... retroviral transmembrane proteins with components of the clathrin adaptor complexes modulate ... Clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia CALM protein localization in endocytic coated pits, interactions ... sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. journal Genome Res. volume ..., et al. title PACS 1 binding to adaptors is required for acidic cluster motif mediated protein traffic ... Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template PBB Controls for details. PBB Controls update page yes require manual inspection no update protein box yes update summary ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 The adaptor hypothesis is part of a scheme to explain how information encoded in DNA is used to specify the amino acid sequence of proteins . It was formulated by Francis Crick in the mid 1950s, together with the central dogma of molecular biology and the sequence hypothesis . It first appeared in an informal publication of the RNA Tie Club in 1955 and was formally published in an article On Protein Synthesis in 1958. Explanation The adaptor hypothesis was framed to explain how information could be extracted from a nucleic acid and used to put together a string of amino acids in a specific sequence, that sequence being determined by the nucleotide sequence of the nucleic acid DNA or RNA template. He proposed that each amino acid is first attached to its own specific adaptor piece of nucleic acid in an enzyme catalysed reaction . The order of assembly of the amino acids is then determined by a specific recognition between the adaptor and the nucleic acid which is serving as the informational template. In this way the amino acids could be lined up by the template in a specific order. Coupling between adjacent amino acids would then lead to the synthesis of a polypeptide whose sequence is determined by the template nucleic acid. Basis Crick s thinking behind this proposal was based on a general consideration of the chemical properties of the two classes of molecule nucleic acids and proteins. The amino acids are characterised by having a variety of side chains which vary from being hydrophilic to hydrophobic their individual characters reside in the very ... to a small nucleic acid the adaptor and that this, by base pairing with the template presumably ... role to play in protein synthesis , and are closer to 100 nucleotides in length. External links http profiles.nlm.nih.gov SC B B Z Y On Protein Synthesis http www.jbc.org cgi reprint 231 1 241 A soluble ribonucleic acid intermediate in protein synthesis Category Molecular biology uk ... more details
when it emerged from the adaptor now had a smaller cross section compared to its weight. Together .... The Littlejohn adaptor APCNR combination gave the 2 pounder a similar enhancing effect as the Shell ... of armour. ref http www.quarry.nildram.co.uk sgun.htm Littlejohn adaptor ref In 1942 Ordnance Corps US Ordnance tested the Littlejohn adaptor in an attempt to develop taper bore adaptor for the M3 37 mm gun 37 mm Gun M3 . The adaptor distorted after a few shots ref Zaloga, Delf US Anti tank Artillery 1941 45 , p 6 7. ref . Combat Use The adaptor was chiefly used on British Armored car military armoured ... and could not be readily fitted with a larger gun. As an adaptor to the existing gun it could be removed ... more details
A PCM adaptor is a device used for recording digital audio in the pulse code modulation PCM format, which in turn connects to a video cassette recorder acting as a transport recording transport for storage and playback of the digital audio information. How a PCM adaptor works High quality PCM audio requires a significantly larger bandwidth than a regular Frequency modulation FM modulated analog audio signal. For example, a 16 bit PCM signal requires an analog bandwidth of about 1 1.5 Megahertz MHz ... adaptor, which converts audio into pseudo video, and the video tape recorder itself. A PCM adaptor ... s or other anomalies being present on the videotape. A PCM adaptor can only store a single stereo signal ... models of PCM adaptor were also released by Sony, including Sony Digital Audio Processor PCM ... Digital Audio Processor PCM 701. Technics also made a portable PCM adaptor as well, the SV 100 ... a PCM adaptor, the DMP 100. dbx, Inc. also manufactured a PCM adaptor, the Dbx Model 700 Digital ... dynamic range than what standard PCM modulation could offer. Like a standard PCM adaptor, the Model 700 also utilized a VCR for a transport. The obsolescence of the PCM adaptor A few years after the PCM adaptor s introduction, Sony introduced in 1987 a new cassette based format for digital audio ... cumbersome format to use than a PCM adaptor based system, since DAT no longer relied on a separate ... fashion that a VCR connected to a PCM adaptor would record to a videotape, by using helical scan recording. In essence, DAT was a modernized, integrated, and miniaturized version of a PCM adaptor based system. DAT could only record 2 tracks of audio for stereo at a time, much like a PCM adaptor ... advantages over PCM adaptor based systems. Digital recorders capable of multi track recording as opposed to only two tracks for stereo that a PCM adaptor or DAT could record such as Mitsubishi s ProDigi ... to as SDAT S tationary head D igital A udio T ape formats, as opposed to formats like the PCM adaptor ... more details
Merge to NES Four Score discuss Talk NES Four Score Merger proposal date February 2012 The nihongo 4 Players Adaptor 4 was a licensed peripheral released for the Family Computer in Japan by Hori company Hori . It is the Famicom s equivalent to the NES Four Score . Its purpose was to allow up to four players to play simultaneously in compatible games by allowing for additional controllers to be connected through the console s expansion port. The adapter also features a switch that allows the first two players to use external controllers as well in lieu of the standard Famicom controllers, giving each player the choice to use an external controller. Many of the titles in Technos Japan Corporation Technos Japan s Kunio kun series supported the adapter. Compatible games Downtown Nekketsu K shinkyoku Soreyuke Daiund kai Ike Ike Nekketsu Hockey Bu Subette Koronde Dai Rant Nekketsu Kakut Densetsu Super Dodge Ball Nintendo Entertainment System Nekketsu K k Dodge Ball Bu ref group NB name 1s Four player mode only available in Bean Ball Mode ref ref group NB name 2s 4 player compatibility was removed in the US version ref Nekketsu Street Basket Ganbare Dunk Heroes Kunio kun no Nekketsu Soccer League U.S. Championship V Ball Wit s notes reflist group NB See also NES Four Score NES Satellite Multitap List of Nintendo Entertainment System accessories Nintendo hardware NES Category Nintendo Entertainment System accessories Category Nintendo hardware Category Japan only video game hardware ... more details
contain both clathrin acts as a scaffold and adaptor complexes that link clathrin to receptor biochemistry receptor s in coated vesicle biology vesicles . Clathrin associated protein complexes are believed to Proteinprotein interaction interact with the cytoplasm cytoplasmic tails of Cell membrane membrane proteins, leading to their selection and concentration . The two major types of clathrin adaptor complexes are the heterotetrameric adaptorprotein AP complexes, and the monomeric GGA Golgi localising, Gamma adaptin ear Domain biology domain homology, ARF binding proteins adaptorprotein adaptors ... adaptorprotein complexes are found in coated vesicle biology vesicle s and clathrin coated pits. AP ... name pmid15107467 cite journal author Touz MC, Kulakova L, Nash TE title Adaptorprotein complex ...Protein s synthesized on the ribosome and processed in the endoplasmic reticulum are transported from ... destination compartment. These Vesicle biology vesicle s have specific coat protein proteins ... 2004 month July pmid 15107467 pmc 452563 doi 10.1091 mbc.E03 10 0744 url ref AP2 adaptor complex associates ... pmid 12952931 pmc 2172816 doi 10.1083 jcb.200304069 url ref AP3 is responsible for protein trafficking ... well characterised. AP complexes are heterotetramers composed of two large protein subunit subunits adaptins , a medium subunit mu and a small subunit sigma . For example, in AP1 these Protein subunit ... that modulate AP function through their C terminal ear appendage protein domain domains . Mu recognises tyrosine based sorting signal transduction signals within the cytoplasmic protein domains domains of Protein kinase Receptor tyrosine kinases transmembrane cargo proteins. ref name pmid11080148 ... SJ, Hirata M title Phospholipase C related inactive protein is implicated in the constitutive internalization of GABAA receptors mediated by clathrin and AP2 adaptor complex journal J. Neurochem. volume ... membrane proteins Category Protein families ... more details
The AP2 adaptor complex is a multimeric protein that works on the plasma membrane to internalize cargo in clathrin mediated endocytosis . ref name pmid10753805 cite journal author Pearse BM, Smith CJ, Owen DJ title Clathrin coat construction in endocytosis journal Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. volume 10 issue 2 pages 220 8 year 2000 month April pmid 10753805 doi 10.1016 S0959 440X 00 00071 3 url ref It is a stable complex of four adaptin s which give rise to a structure that has a core domain and two appendage domains attached to the core domain by polypeptide linkers. These appendage domains are sometimes called ears. The core domain binds to the membrane and to cargo destined for internalisation . The alpha and beta appendage domains bind to accessory proteins and to clathrin . Their interactions allow the temporal and spatial regulation of the assembly of clathrin coated vesicles and their endocytosis . The AP 2 complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two large adaptins alpha or beta , a medium adaptin mu , and a small adaptin sigma complex 2 AP2A1 AP2A2 AP2B1 AP2M1 AP2S1 See also Amphiphysin AP180 Epsin References Reflist External links http www.endocytosis.org Adaptors Adaptor models and structures Category Membrane biology Category Peripheral membrane proteins membrane protein stub sr AP2 adapter ... more details
Pfam box Symbol SpA Name Protein A image Protein A 1DEE 1L6X.png width caption Structure of a domain of protein A as a three helix bundle binding to the heavy variable chain of a VH3 human Fab ref name ... JB, Silverman GJ. title Crystal structure of a Staphylococcus aureus protein A domain complexed with the Fab ... month May pmid 10805799 doi pmc 25840 ref left. Minimized protein A bound to Fc fragment of Rituximab ... April pmid 10754313 doi ref Pfam InterPro SMART PROSITE SCOP 1DEE TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB2 1dee , PDB2 1l6x Protein A is a 56 Atomic mass unit kDa MSCRAMM surface protein originally found ... and phagocytosis . Protein A antibody binding Protein A binds with high affinity to human IgG1 and IgG2 as well as mouse IgG2a and IgG2b. Protein A binds with moderate affinity to human IgM ... or IgD , nor will it react to mouse IgM, IgA or IgE. The capacity of protein A to bind antibodies with such high .... The protein A used for production of antibodies in bio pharmaceuticals is most commonly bound to a stationary phase chromatography resin. Other antibody binding proteins In addition to Protein A, other immunoglobulin binding bacterial proteins such as Protein G , Protein A G and Protein L are all ... Staphylococcus aureus utilizes Protein A, along with a host of other proteins and surface factors to aid its survival and, thus, virulence. Protein A helps inhibit phagocytic engulfment and acts as an immunological disguise. Mutants of S. aureus lacking protein A are more efficiently phagocytosed ... toxin. J. Exp. Med. 2003 197 1125 1139. ref Research Recombinant Staphylococcal Protein ... form of Protein A is called MabSelect. ref http www.gelifesciences.com aptrix upp00919.nsf Content 17D93C2E6A580E57C1257628001CE677 file 18114994AE.pdf ref Protein A is often coupled to other molecules .... Protein A is often immobilized onto a solid support and used as reliable method for purifying total IgG from crude protein mixtures such as blood serum serum or ascites fluid, or coupled with one ... more details
PBB geneid 5627 Protein S is a vitamin K dependent plasma glycoprotein synthesized in the endothelium. In the circulation, Protein S exists in two forms a free form and a complex form bound to complement system complement protein C4b binding protein C4BP . In humans, protein S is encoded by the PROS1 ... B, Stenflo J, Wydro R title Isolation and sequence of the cDNA for human protein S, a regulator ... url ref In 1979, researchers in Seattle , Washington first discovered protein S and arbitrarily ... X Stuart factor , and protein S journal Biochemistry volume 16 issue 4 pages 698 706 year 1977 ... RG, Davie EW title Characterization of protein S, a gamma carboxyglutamic acid containing protein ... March pmid 420821 doi 10.1021 bi00572a026 ref Function The best characterized function of Protein S is its role in the anti coagulation pathway, where it functions as a cofactor to Protein C in the inactivation .... ref name pmid18695379 cite journal author Castoldi E, Hackeng TM title Regulation of coagulation by protein ... 18695379 doi 10.1097 MOH.0b013e328309ec97 url ref Protein S can bind to negatively charged phospholipids via the carboxylated Gla domain GLA domain . This property allows Protein S to function in the removal ... such as macrophages . Protein S can bind to the negatively charged phospholipids and function as a bridging molecule between the apoptotic cell and the phagocyte. The bridging property of Protein ... lead to Protein S deficiency which is a rare blood disorder which can lead to an increased risk of thrombosis ... R, Daly ME title The prevalence of, and molecular defects underlying, inherited protein S deficiency ... author Garc a de Frutos P, Fuentes Prior P, Hurtado B, Sala N title Molecular basis of protein S deficiency ... doi url ref Interactions Protein S has been shown to Proteinprotein interaction interact with Factor ... 621 635 of protein S are essential for binding to factor Va journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 274 issue ... Feb. title Binding of protein S to factor Va associated with inhibition of prothrombinase that is independent ... more details
cytokine stimulation, which suggests the function of this protein is as an adaptor molecule involved ... kinase substrate has been found to bind and counteract the function of this protein. ref name entrez Interactions Signal transducing adaptor molecule has been shown to Proteinprotein interaction ... dystonia protein DDP TIMM8a with the signal transduction adaptor molecule STAM1 journal Biochem. Biophys ... Interaction of the deafness dystonia protein DDP TIMM8a with the signal transduction adaptor molecule ...PBB geneid 8027 Signal transducing adapter molecule 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STAM ... adaptor molecule containing an SH3 domain and ITAM journal Biochem Biophys Res Commun volume ... entrez cite web title Entrez Gene STAM signal transducing adaptor molecule SH3 domain and ITAM motif ... ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls ... tyrosine phosphorylation of its product in response to cytokine stimulation. The encoded protein contains an SH3 domain and the immunoreceptor tyrosine based activation motif ITAM . This protein associates ... homology 3 domain of Hrs binding protein via a novel binding motif PX V I D N RXXKP journal J. Biol ... scale map of the human proteinprotein interaction network journal Nature journal Nature volume ..., a signal transducing adaptor molecule. Its suppressive effect on cytokine induced cell growth journal ... N, Sugamura K year 1997 month Apr. title STAM, signal transducing adaptor molecule, is associated ... author Takeshita T, Arita T, Higuchi M, et al. title STAM, signal transducing adaptor molecule, is associated ... adaptor molecule. Its suppressive effect on cytokine induced cell growth journal J. Biol. Chem ... enzyme UBPY interacts with the Src homology 3 domain of Hrs binding protein via a novel binding motif ..., et al. title Hrs, a mammalian master molecule in vesicular transport and protein sorting, suppresses the degradation of ESCRT proteins signal transducing adaptor molecule 1 and 2 journal J. Biol. Chem ... more details
About a class of molecules protein as a nutrient Protein nutrient other uses pp semi indef File Myoglobin.png thumb right A representation of the 3D structure of the protein myoglobin showing colored alpha helix alpha helices . This protein was the first to have its structure solved by X ray crystallography ... folded into a globular protein globular or fibrous protein fibrous form, facilitating a biological ... . The peptide sequence sequence of amino acids in a protein is defined by the DNA sequence sequence ... archaea pyrrolysine . Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often ... to form stable protein complex es. Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharide ... acid s from food. Through the process of digestion , animals break down ingested protein into free amino acids that are then used in metabolism. Proteins may be protein purification purified from ... made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification. Methods commonly used to study protein ... chains in a protein that ultimately determines its three dimensional structure and its chemical reactivity ... linked in the protein chain, an individual amino acid is called a residue, and the linked series of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms are known as the main chain or protein backbone. ref Murray ... structures of the peptide bond that links individual amino acids to form a protein polymer The peptide ... angle s in the peptide bond determine the local shape assumed by the protein backbone. ref Murray et al ., p. 31. ref The end of the protein with a free carboxyl group is known as the C terminus .... The words protein , polypeptide, and peptide are a little ambiguous and can overlap in meaning. Protein is generally used to refer to the complete biological molecule in a stable tertiary structure ... structure conformation . Synthesis Main Protein biosynthesis Image Ribosome mRNA translation en.svg thumb A ribosome produces a protein using mRNA as template. File Genetic code.svg thumb The DNA ... more details
Image Dark adaptor goggles.jpg right thumb Dark adaptor goggles Dark adaptor goggles are used in the field of meteorology for either adapting the eyes to the dark prior to an observation at night or to aid with the identification of cloud s during bright sunshine or glare from snow. The goggles are made with red tinted plastic lenses. Although the goggles are designed to be worn inside some people find walking, especially up and down stairs, to be difficult. For use at night the observer should put the goggles on about ten minutes prior to going outside. Once the observer is outside and away from major sources of light the goggles may be removed and the observer s vision should be adapted to the dark. To help with the identification of clouds during the day the goggles should be put on just before the observer goes outside. This will ensure the eyes are not affected by the Glare vision glare from the sun or snow. At no time should the goggles be used to help assess the visibility . References Environment Canada Atmospheric Environment Services, Manual of Surface Weather Observations MANOBS , 7th Edition, January 1977. Meteorological equipment Category Meteorological instrumentation and equipment Category eyewear simple Dark adaptor goggles ... more details
consist of a metal plug with screw threads. The adaptor is attached to the muzzle firearm ... for Semi automatic self loading pistol semi automatic pistols DEFAULTSORT Blank Firing Adaptor Category ... more details
File Atari 2600 Wood 4Sw Set.jpg thumb 250px Atari 2600 The Television Interface Adaptor ref cite manual title Atari Video Computer System Field Service Manual Model 2600 2600A Domestic section I. Theory of Operation version Rev. 02 publisher Atari, Inc. date 1983 01 21 url http www.atariguide.com pdfs Atari 2600 VCS Domestic Field Service Manual.pdf format PDF accessdate 2010 09 10 page 1 4 ref TIA is the custom computer chip that is the heart of the Atari 2600 game console, generating the screen display, sound effects, and reading input controllers. Its design was widely affected by an attempt to reduce the amount of RAM needed to operate the display. The resulting design is notoriously difficult to program, but at the same time offers flexibility well beyond the capabilities of contemporary designs. It remains a key reason that the 2600 maintains a strong homebrew following. Development of the TIA was led by Jay Miner , later of Amiga fame. Atari later expanded on the design of the TIA for the Atari 400 and Atari 800 with the CTIA and GTIA chips. Design Background Early video game s generally used two distinct types of graphics, the players which were controlled by the player or the computer today known as Sprite computer graphics sprites , and the playfield , or background graphics normally drawn under the players. ref name antic Chris Crawford, http www.atariarchives.org dere chapt02.php ANTIC and the display list , De Re Atari ref The conventional way to draw the playfield is to use a bitmap held in a framebuffer . Each memory location in the framebuffer holds a value that describes pixel s on the screen. The display circuitry reads these values out of the buffer and uses it to generate an analog signal for display on a computer monitor . The mapping of the memory to screen locations, or pixel s was often limited by the display hardware. On a conventional NTSC color ... de Atari TIA es Television Interface Adapter it Television Interface Adaptor ... more details
technical date July 2011 Infobox protein family Symbol Adap comp sub Name Adap comp sub image PDB 1h6e EBI.jpg width caption mu2 adaptin subunit ap50 of ap2 adaptor second domain , complexed with ctla 4 internalization peptide ttgvyvkmppt Pfam PF00928 Pfam clan CL0448 InterPro IPR008968 SMART PROSITE PDOC00761 MEROPS SCOP 1bxx TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology , the adaptor complexes medium subunit domain is a protein domain found at the C terminus of the Greek letters used in science mu subunit from various clathrin adaptors AP1, AP2 and AP3 . ref name pmid11583591 cite journal author Follows ER, McPheat JC, Minshull C, Moore NC, Pauptit RA, Rowsell S, Stacey CL, Stanway JJ, Taylor IW, Abbott WM title Study of the interaction of the medium chain mu 2 subunit of the clathrin associated adapter protein complex 2 with cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 and CD28 journal Biochem. J. volume 359 issue Pt 2 pages 427 34 year 2001 month October pmid 11583591 pmc 1222163 doi 10.1042 0264 6021 3590427 url ref The C teminal domain has an immunoglobulin like beta sandwich protein folding fold consisting of 9 strands in 2 beta sheet sheets with a Greek key topology, similar to that found in cytochrome f and certain transcription factor s. ref name pmid11583591 cite journal author Follows ER, McPheat JC, Minshull C, Moore NC, Pauptit RA, Rowsell S, Stacey CL, Stanway JJ, Taylor IW, Abbott WM title Study of the interaction of the medium chain mu 2 subunit of the clathrin associated adapter protein complex 2 with cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 and CD28 journal Biochem. J. volume 359 issue Pt 2 pages 427 34 year 2001 month October pmid 11583591 pmc 1222163 doi 10.1042 0264 6021 3590427 url ref The mu subunit regulates the coupling of clathrin lattices with particular ... interaction with the protein being transported in the Vesicle biology vesicle . ref name pmid1761056 ... 2 InterPro content IPR008968 Category Protein families ... more details
Ci protein , short for Cubitus interruptus , is a zinc finger containing transcription factor ref name pmid9122207 cite journal author Von Ohlen T, Lessing D, Nusse R, Hooper JE title Hedgehog signaling regulates transcription through cubitus interruptus, a sequence specific DNA binding protein journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 94 issue 6 pages 2404 9 year 1997 month March pmid 9122207 doi 10.1073 pnas.94.6.2404 url pmc 20100 ref involved in the hedgehog cell signaling Hedgehog signaling pathway . ref name pmid14556242 cite journal author Cohen MM title The hedgehog signaling network journal Am. J. Med. Genet. A volume 123 issue 1 pages 5 28 year 2003 month November pmid 14556242 doi 10.1002 ajmg.a.20495 url ref In the absence of a signal to the Hedgehog signaling pathway, the Ci protein is cleaved and destroyed in proteasome s. It isn t, however, completely destroyed part of the protein survives and acts as a repressor in the Cell nucleus nucleus , keeping genes responsive to the Hedgehog signal silent. Degradation of Ci The degradation of Ci protein depends on a large multiprotein complex, which contains a serine threonine kinase of unknown function, an anchoring protein that binds to microtubule s to keep the Ci protein out of the nucleus and an adaptorprotein. ref name pmid12231619 cite journal author Jiang J title Degrading Ci who is Cul pable? journal Genes Dev. volume 16 issue 18 pages 2315 21 year 2002 month September pmid 12231619 doi 10.1101 gad.1027902 url ... CI protein enters the nucleus, where it activates the transcription of its target genes. Target genes The Wingless protein in Drosophila , which is crucial to the embryogenesis of the fruit fly, and acts through the Wnt signaling pathway . The Patched receptor protein of the Hedgehog signaling ... protein on the cell surface inhibits the Hedgehog pathway. ref name pmid9053330 cite journal author ... cgi content abstract 124 2 549 ref References Reflist 2 External links MeshName ci protein, Drosophila ... more details
wiktionarypar proteinProtein is an organic compound made of amino acids. Protein may also refer to Protein nutrient Protein band See also List of topics related to protein disambig es Prote na desambiguaci n lv Prote ni noz mju atdal ana ... more details
Protein database may refer to Any protein structure database Any protein sequence database Exact names Protein NIH Protein database of the National Institute of Health Protein Database of Bio Synthesis, Inc. disambig ... more details
A binding protein is any protein that acts as an agent to Molecular binding bind two or more molecules together. Examples include DNA binding protein Single strand binding protein Telomere binding protein RNA binding protein Poly A binding protein Nuclear cap binding protein complex CREB binding protein Calcium binding protein Calcium binding protein 1 S100 calcium binding protein A1 TATA binding protein Actin binding protein Penicillin binding proteins Retinol binding protein Retinol binding protein 4 EP300 Binding immunoglobulin protein Odorant binding protein Lipopolysaccharide binding protein C4b binding protein Rap GTP binding protein Calmodulin binding proteins Iron binding proteins Thyroxine binding proteins Folate binding protein Sterol regulatory element binding protein GTP binding protein Retinaldehyde binding protein 1 Ccaat enhancer binding proteins Androgen binding protein Maltose binding protein Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1 Syntaxin binding protein 3 Insulin like growth factor binding protein Methyl CpG binding domain protein 2 Growth hormone binding protein Vitamin D binding protein Syntaxin binding protein 2 Oxysterol binding protein E3 binding protein Iron responsive element binding protein Polypyrimidine tract binding protein Fatty acid binding protein Myosin binding protein C, cardiac CPE binding protein Category Proteins biochem stub ... more details
Protein supplement may refer to Dietary supplement s Bodybuilding supplement Protein Bodybuilding supplement Protein bar See also Protein Disambig ... more details
Protein K may refer to Protein K porin , a porin expressed in pathogenic strains of E. coli Protein K gene expression , a DNA and RNA binding protein expressed in the nucleus of eukaryotes disambig ... more details
Citrullinated protein may refer to Any protein having undergone citrullination The proteins often cyclic ones being the targets of anti citrullinated protein antibody anti citrullinated protein antibodies disambig ... more details
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