Mergeto Value added discuss Talk Value addedAdded value merge date November 2011 One source date June 2010 Added value in financial analysis of shares is to be distinguished from value added . Used as a measure of shareholder value , calculated using the formula Added Value Price that the product service is sold at cost of producing the product Added Value can also be defined as the difference between a particular product s final selling price and the direct and indirect input used in making that particular product. The difference is profit for the firm and its shareholders after all the costs and taxes owed by the business have been paid for that financial year. Value added or any related measure may help investors decide if this a business that is worthwhile investing on, or that there are other and better opportunities fixed deposit s, debenture s . EXAMPLE A A retailer, such as a jeweler could present items in an attractive display, create a luxury feel to the shop and offer a gift wrapping service. This could make the customers more willing to pay higher prices as they think that the products are of higher quality. For other consultancy measures for shareholder value, see Economic Value Added Market value added . References John Kay Kay, J . 1993 Foundations of Corporate Success , Oxford Oxford University Press. Category Financial economics tr Katma de er zh ... more details
Mergefrom Added value discuss Talk Value addedAdded value merge date November 2011 No footnotes date July 2009 other uses Value added disambiguation In economics , the difference between the sale price and the production cost of a product is the value added per unit . Summing value added per unit over all units sold is total value added . Total value added is equivalent to Revenue less Outside Purchases of materials and services . Value Added is a higher portion of Revenue for integrated companies ..., retail companies. Total value added is very closely approximated by Total Labor Expense including ... of these factors. The national value added is shared between capital and labor as the factors ... of economics, value added refers to extra feature s of an item of interest product, service, person ... to its cost. Citation needed date June 2011 Value added features give competitive edges to companies ... added is obtained by deducting intermediate consumption from gross output . Thus gross value added is equal to net output . Net value added is obtained by deducting consumption of fixed capital or depreciation charges from gross value added. Net value added therefore equals gross wages , pre tax profits ... value added, since it is the value of the gross product minus expenditure on constant capital , where the latter refers to the costs of intermediate products and depreciation. In turn, value added ... . The argument is that labor creates a new value value added that covers the cost of both its own ... economics regards the incomes constituting added value as the reward for services rendered. In his ... accounting of value added A difference between Marxist theory and conventional national accounts concerns ... from new value added and net product on the ground that they do not reflect a productive contribution. Value added tax Main Value added tax Value added tax VAT is a tax on sales. It works by being charged ... on the value added by producing this good or service. See also Added value Gross output Gross value ... more details
In fluid mechanics , added mass or virtual mass is the inertia added to a system because an accelerating ..., to various degrees. It is often erroneously stated that the added mass is determined by the momentum ... box where the fluid momentum is exactly zero at every moment of time. The added mass is actually determined by the quasi momentum the added mass times the body acceleration is equal to the time derivative ... 4 ref . The dimensionless added mass coefficient is the added mass divided by the displaced fluid mass i.e. fluid density times the volume of the body. In general, the added mass is a second order tensor ... pages 4.13, p. 139 ref The concept of added mass is arguably the first example of renormalization ... with relativistic mass increase. History Friedrich Bessel proposed the concept of added ... mathrm D t , math so the particle is accelerated as if it had an added mass of half the fluid it displaces ... of the fluid. Applications The added mass can be incorporated into most physics equations by considering an effective mass as the sum of the mass and added mass. This sum is commonly known as the virtual mass . A simple formulation of the added mass for a spherical body permits Newton s classical second law to be written in the form math F m ,a math pad 2em becomes pad 2em math F m m text added ,a. math One can show that the added mass for a sphere of radius math r math is math tfrac 2 3 pi r 3 rho text fluid . math For a general body, the added mass becomes a tensor referred to as the induced ... in the added mass tensor will have dimension mass, some will be mass length and some will be mass length sup 2 sup . All bodies accelerating in a fluid will be affected by added mass, but since the added mass is dependent on the density of the fluid, the effect is often neglected ... is comparable to or greater than the density of the body, the added mass can often be greater than ..., a spherical air bubble rising in water has a mass of math tfrac 4 3 pi r 3 rho text air math but an added ... more details
Thoroughbred racehorse infobox horsename Added Gold image caption sire Gilded Time grandsire Timeless Moment dam Added Elegance damsire Stutz Blackhawk sex Mare horse Mare foaled 1995 country United States colour Chestnut horse Chestnut breeder Wimborne Farm owner Stonerside Stable , LLC trainer John P. Campo record 11 4 2 1 earnings 222,000 race Black Eyed Susan Stakes 1998 br updated June 25, 2011 Added Gold foaled in 1995 in Kentucky is an American Thoroughbred filly Horse racing racehorse . The daughter of Gilded Time is probably best remembered for winning the mile and an eighth graded stakes race Grade II 200,000 Black Eyed Susan Stakes at Pimlico Race Course on May 15, 1998. ref http www.pedigreequery.com added gold Pedigree On line Thoroughbred Database ref Racing Career Added Gold won a maiden outing and an allowance race before competing in the second jewel of the defacto filly Triple Crown, the graded stakes race Grade II 200,000 Black Eyed Susan Stakes on May 15, 1998. In that mile and an eighth race on the dirt, she Gold beat a field of eight, including stakes winners Tappin Ginger and Hansel s Girl. Added Gold finished her racing career with four wins and a record of 4 2 1 out of 11 starts with earnings of 222,000. References reflist Category 1995 racehorse births Category Thoroughbred racehorses Category Northern Dancer bloodline Category Racehorses bred in Kentucky Category Racehorses trained in the United States Category American racehorses ... more details
No Value Added NVA is a management term loosely related to the Lean Manufacturing movement as codified in the 1980s by a landmark Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT study ref The Machine That Changed the World ref of the Automaker automobile industry , which explained lean production for the first time. No Value Added programs can be formal or whimsical. Generally, they involved seeking input and opinion from every level of the organization about rules, processes or process elements which are said to be no value added. In one form, the proponent of an activity accused of being NVA must defend it, or suspend it. In a milder form, the proponent or process owner of an activity accused of being NVA is simply informed that it is seen in that light. Oddly, this milder form is often effective because in a large organization, the original reason for an activity can be long forgotten, similar to caboose cabooses which came into use in the 1830s ref www.uprr.com aboutup history caboose caboo01.shtml ref , but eventually had no useful purpose and became NVA. Some claim that this NVA is a jibe at Net Value Added accounting methods , which were held in low esteem by some Lean advocates, and high esteem by others. References reflist Category Lean concepts ... more details
Added Art uses an existing piece of artwork for its canvas, just as traditional graffiti uses the wall of a building for the canvas. It is essentially the graffiti of artwork. Added Art is a merging of high and low art, using the concepts of graffiti, in a high art environment. Adding to someone else s work has been a very common occurrence in graffiti for decades. In the urban environment, it is typically considered aggressive or antagonistic in nature, ref http www.myartspace.com blog 2009 04 street art defacement appropriate media.html ref ref http www.myballard.com 2009 07 06 vandals deface bergen place mural ref but also form of competition. However, it is still considered a taboo in the more established high arts, even though it has been practiced for over fifty years by stalwarts such as Rauschenberg . ref http time4time.blogspot.com 2007 06 robert raushenberg erased de kooning.html ref In more recent examples, Banksy has done several added art pieces over Damien Hirst Damien Hirst s spot painting, ref http www.artofthestate.co.uk banksy banksy versus bristol museum 044 hirst roller rat.htm ref ref http www.flickr.com photos edcotton 2266287615 ref and Mat Benote used an untitled work by Robert Morris artist Robert Morris at the MoMA in NYC as a canvas. ref http www.juxtapoz.com Current controversial graffiti artist mat benote strikes the guggenheim ref A very interesting example was done by the Chapman Brothers , who painted over sketches originally created by Adolf Hitler. ref http www.independent.co.uk arts entertainment art news the art of adolf hitler with a little help from the chapman brothers 836755.html ref See also Graffiti Art graffiti References reflist External links http nymag.com news features 32388 http www.youtube.com watch?v tpCWh3IFtDQ Category Art genres art stub fr Art libre ... more details
Refimprove date September 2011 Win probability added is a sport statistic which attempts to measure a player s contribution to a win by figuring the factor by which each specific play made by that player has altered the outcome of a game. ref cite journal last1 Keating first1 Peter last2 first2 year 2011 title The Next Great Stat journal ESPN The Magazine volume 14 issue 1 pages 116 118 publisher ESPN doi url accessdate ref It is used for baseball and American football . ref http www.advancednflstats.com 2008 08 win probability.html ref Explanation Some form of win probability has been around for about 40 years however, until computer use became widespread, win probability added was often difficult to derive, or imprecise. With the aid of Retrosheet , however, win probability added has become substantially easier to calculate. The win probability for a specific situation in baseball including the inning, number of outs, men on base, and score is obtained by first finding all the teams that have encountered this situation. Then the winning percentage of these teams in these situations is found. This probability figure is then adjusted for home field advantage . Thus win probability added is the difference between the win probability when the player came to bat and the win probability when the play ended. Win probability and win shares Some people confuse win probability added with win ... win shares has contributed nothing to his team in win probability added, a player with 0 win probability added points is average. Also, win shares would give the same amount of credit to a player if he ... Baseball In Game 6 of the 2011 World Series , St. Louis Cardinals third baseman David Freese posted ... the now second best WPA of .870, posted by the Los Angeles Dodgers Kirk Gibson in Game 1 of the 1988 World Series . The third and fourth best WPAs are .854 by the San Diego Padres Steve Garvey in Game 4 of the 1984 National League Championship Series and 0.832 by the Cardinals Lance Berkman in Game ... more details
Value added is offering additional features with goods or services. Water may also refer to Value added tax A tax based on gross profits the difference between the cost of goods sold and the selling price Value added modeling A method of teacher evaluation that attempts to identify how much student achievement is due to the teacher Value added reseller A company that adds features to an existing product, then resells it, usually to end users Value added service Extra services in the telecommunications industry Value added network A hosted service offering that acts as an intermediary between business partners Value added theory or social strain theory Value added agriculture Manufacturing processes that increase the value of primary agricultural commodities Value Added Producer Grants A US program Value added chain disambig ... more details
No footnotes date January 2009 A value added reseller VAR is a company law company that adds features or services to an existing product, then resells it usually to end users as an integrated product or complete turn key solution. This practice occurs commonly in the electronics industry, where, for example, a VAR might bundle a software application with supplied hardware. The added value can come from professional services such as integrating, customizing, consulting, training and implementation. The value can also be added by developing a specific application for the product designed for the customer s needs which is then resold as a new package.VARs incorporate platform software into their own software product packages ref compuBase ref . The term is often used in the computer industry, where a company purchases computer components and builds for example a fully operational personal computer system usually customized for a specific task such as non linear video editing . By doing this, the company has added value above the cost of the individual computer components. Customers would purchase the system from the reseller if they lacked the time or experience to assemble the system themselves ref compuBase ref . See also Systems integrator Original equipment manufacturer External links http www.compubase.net IT Telecom Distribution Glossary a192.html Defining a Value Added Reseller VAR http www.allbusiness.com technology services value added reseller var 1475 1.html What Is a Value Added Reseller? http searchitchannel.techtarget.com sDefinition 0,,sid96 gci213274,00.html What is VAR? Category Types of business entity Category Business terms External links Reflist Business term stub de Value added Reseller fr VAR Value added Reseller it Value Added Reseller ja pt Value added Reseller ru Value Added Reseller uk Value added reseller zh ... more details
Market Value Added MVA is the difference between the current market value of a firm and the capital economics capital contributed by investor s. If MVA is positive, the firm has added value. If it is negative, the firm has destroyed value. The amount of value added needs to be greater than the firm s investors could have achieved investing in the market portfolio, adjusted for the leverage beta coefficient of the firm relative to the market. The formula for MVA is math MVA V K , math where MVA is market value added V is the market value of the firm, including the value of the firm s Ownership equity equity and debt K is the capital invested in the firm MVA is the present value of a series of Economic value added EVA values. MVA is economically equivalent to the traditional Net present value NPV measure of worth for evaluating an after tax cash flow profile of a project if the cost of capital is used for discounting. References G. Bennett Stewart III, The Quest for Value HarperCollins, 1991 . See also Economic value added Enterprise value Financial modeling Net present value corporate finance and investment banking Category Financial markets econ stub de Market Value Added fr Market value added ... more details
Image Sus chord.png thumb 250px right Suspended chord sus2 and added tone chord ninth add9 both with D ..., Popular Music , Vol. 11, No. 3 Oct., 1992 , pp. 325 335. ref Image Ninth vs added ninth chord.png thumb Ninth C9 vs added ninth chord C add9 , distinguished, in academic textbooks and jazz & rock ... . What to Listen for in Rock A Stylistic Analysis , p.85. ISBN 9780300092394. ref audio Ninth vs added ninth chord.mid Play An added tone chord is a non tertian chord music chord composed of a tertian Triad music triad and an extra added note music note . The added note is not a seventh chord seventh ... chords non tertian note, which cannot be defined by a sequence of thirds from the root, such as the added sixth chord sixth Audio Add6 chord on C.mid Play or fourth. This includes chords with an added ... the intervening tertian notes as in an extended chord . The concept of added tones is further ... thumb C Major chord with added sixth Audio Add6 chord on C.mid Play An added sixth chord ends ... of Rock , p.195. ISBN 9780195310238. ref Though the added sixth chord is rarely found inverted, examples ... Day s Night song A Hard Day s Night . ref name Stephenson 84 Image Added or mixed third chord.png Two added chords with mixed thirds, thirds separated by octave. br Audio Mixed thirds chord mM.mid ... Hendrix . An example of an added tone chord may be found in Igor Stravinsky s Symphony of Psalms ref name Marquis while an added tone G chord with mixed thirds , a major third and minor third, by William Schuman. ref name Marquis An added tone, such as that added a perfect fifth below the root, may ... chords and tonality tonalities though added tone chords have most often been used as more intense ... to the very close intervals of the major 2nd and minor 3rd. Cn date February 2012 A major chord with an added ... Examples of use of the added second chord notated add2 or 2 and sometimes add9 include The Rolling ... of use of the added fourth chord , which almost always occurs on the fifth scale degree notated add4 ... more details
Orphan date March 2011 The added worker effect refers to an increase in the labor supply of married women ... phenomenon. File AWE Model.png thumb Simple model of the added worker effect after Shelly ... any observable added worker effect, but it did not deny that added workers participated in the market ... series analysis . Relation to income and substitution effects The added worker effect results when ... in the labor market. Specifically, in the added worker effect married women increase their labor ... theory of microeconomics. The model used to study the added worker effect views the family as a decision ... may be less inclined to enter the labor force when earning power rises for both men and women. For added ... that determine prevalence of added workers Recessionary characteristics Multiple variables contribute to the added worker effect. Since increasing labor supplied remains one of many strategies ..., making it more likely that the Added Worker Effect will be observed Lundberg, p. 12 . Household ... Katz found that the Added Worker Effect is more pronounced among young married couples with small ... Katz,p. 478 . The added worker effect after the Great Recession Long term unemployment s impact on the added worker effect During the Great Recession , which spanned December 2007 to June 2009, the average ... incidence of the added worker effect Rampell, 2010 . The labor force participation rate of the wife ... out implied by the Added Worker Effect. Prevalence of women as primary workers A prolonged period ... . In a twist on the added worker effect, wives already participating in the labor force also responded ... typically used in studies on added worker effect consider a woman active in the workforce whether she is employed or actively seeking a job. Tim Maloney s study found no evidence of the added worker ... and the secondary family worker. Econometrica , 29 3 , 478. Lundberg, S. 1985 . The Added Worker ... Added Worker Effect. Economica , 58 230 , 173 187. Mattingly, M., & Smith, K. 2010. . Changes ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 orphan date November 2009 Cash surplus value added CsVA is a measure of business Profit accounting profitability defined as the EBITDA after tax generated by the business less its required return. The required return is an Annuity finance theory annuity based on the purchase price of the assets in use in the business, inflated to today s value of money, the weighted average cost of capital WACC and the economic life of the assets. CsVA can also be expressed as an index, where the CsVA is divided by the required return. An index of more than 1.0 will indicate profitability while an index below 1.0 will indicate value destruction. See also Economic value added EVA Return on capital employed ROCE Return on equity ROE Category Value Category Financial terminology Finance stub ... more details
The Value added Producer Grants program was authorized by the Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000 and amended by the 2002 farm bill P.L.107 171, Sec. 6401 . The farm bill authorizes 40 million per year in grants for the development and marketing of value added agricultural products, including organic agricultural production. Eligible applicants are independent producers, farmer and rancher cooperatives, agricultural producer groups, and majority controlled producer based business ventures. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Category Grants Category Agriculture in the United States ... more details
Gross Value Added GVA is a measure in economics of the value of Good economics and accounting goods and Service economics services produced in an area, industry or sector of an economy . In national accounts GVA is output minus intermediate consumption ref http epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu statistics explained index.php Glossary Value added ref it is a balancing item of the national accounts production account ref http epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu statistics explained index.php Glossary Production account ref . Relationship to Gross Domestic Product GVA is linked as a measurement to Gross Domestic Product GDP , as both are measures of Output economics output . The relationship is defined as GVA tax es on products subsidy subsidies on products GDP As the total aggregates of taxes on products and subsidies on products are only available at whole economy level, ref cite web url http www.statistics.gov.uk cci nugget.asp?id 254 title Guide to Gross Value Added GVA accessdate 2008 03 29 date 2002 11 15 publisher Office for National Statistics ref Gross Value Added is used for measuring Gross regional domestic product and other measures of the output of entities smaller than a whole economy. See also National accounts Measures of national income and output Gross domestic product Gross regional domestic product Value added Gross profit References reflist econ stub Category National accounts Category Gross Domestic Product ca Valor afegit brut cy Gwerth ychwanegol crynswth de Bruttowertsch pfung es Valor Agregado Bruto id Nilai Tambah Bruto pt Valor acrescentado bruto ... more details
cleanup date July 2009 orphan date July 2009 Value added agriculture refers most generally to manufacturing processes that increase the value of primary agricultural commodities. Value added agriculture may also refer to increasing the economic value of a commodity through particular production processes, e.g., organic produce, or through regionally branded products that increase consumer appeal and willingness to pay a premium over similar but undifferentiated products. This concept has gained currency in the small farm policy debate, in response to the concern that the farm value of the consumer food dollar continues to decrease. Value added agriculture might be a means for farmers to capture a larger share of the consumer food dollar. Examples include direct marketing farmer ownership of processing facilities and producing farm products with a higher intrinsic value such as identity preserved grains, organic produce, hormone free beef , free range chicken s etc. , for which buyers are willing to pay a higher price than for more traditional bulk commodities. Value added agriculture is regarded by some as a significant rural development strategy. Small scale, organic food processing, non traditional crop production, agri tourism , and bio fuels development are examples of various value added projects that have created new jobs in some rural areas. References nofootnotes date July 2009 CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Agri stub Category Agriculture Category Production and manufacturing ... more details
A value added service VAS is popular as a telecommunications industry term for non core services , or in short, all services beyond standard voice calls and fax transmissions. However, it can be used in any service industry, for services available at little or no cost, to promote their primary business. In the telecommunication industry, on a conceptual level, value added services add value to the Application Enablement Background standard service offering , wikt spur spurring the subscriber to use their phone more and allowing the operator to drive up their ARPU . For mobile phones, while technologies like Short message service SMS , Multimedia Messaging System MMS and GPRS data access were historically usually considered value added services, but in recent years SMS, MMS and data access have more and more become core services, and VAS therefore has beginning to exclude those services. A distinction may also be made between standard peer to peer content and premium charged content. These are called mobile value added services MVAS which are often simply referred as VAS. Value added services are supplied either in house by the mobile network operator themselves or by a third party value added service provider VASP , also known as a content provider CP such as All Headline News or Reuters . VASPs typically connect to the operator using protocols like Short message peer to peer protocol SMPP , connecting either directly to the Short message service center short message service centre SMSC or, increasingly, to a messaging gateway that gives the operator better control of the content. External documents http www.iamai.in Upload Research mobile.pdf A report on Indian Mobile VAS http homepage.mac.com ekippo .Public VAS CHINA ProjectSummary.PDF Chinese VAS Market Report see additional Relevance of name http www.linkedin.com answers technology information technology telecommunications ... Informatienummer pl Us uga dodana ru th Value added service uk ... more details
A Value added Network VAN is a hosted service offering that acts as an intermediary between business partners sharing standards based or proprietary data via shared Business Process es. The offered service is referred to as Value added Network Service . TOC Technical Definition VANS traditionally transmitted data formatted as Electronic Data Interchange but increasingly they also transmit data formatted as XML or in more specific binary formats. VANs usually service a given vertical or industry and provide Value Added Network Services VAN Services or VANSs such as data transformation between formats EDI to XML, EDI to EDI, etc. . At one extreme, a VAN hosts only horizontal Business to business application integration services, hosting general purpose integration services for any process or industry. At the other extreme a VAN also hosts process specific or industry specific integration, for example supply chain ordering or data synchronization services. A VAN not only transports receives, stores and forwards messages but also adds Audit audit information to them and modifies the data ... line in order to be a distinguishable service. Therefore, the notion of Value added Network Services ... under P.M. Margaret Thatcher . In the later 1980s, running a Value Added Network Service required ... index.php?option com content&task view&id 36&Itemid 42 Leaping the barriers Value added services ... telecommunication sector, Value added Network Service still is used, mainly as a functional description ... for Value Added Network Services ref while others address specific services with licensing. ref http ... Region International Value Added Network Services IVANS Operator or Internet Service Providers ISP ref distinguish into Internet Service Providers ISPs and International Value Added Network Services IVANS operators. See also Electronic Data Interchange Value added networks Time Sharing Amtrix ... chain management de Mehrwertnetz fr R seau valeur ajout e ko pl Value Added Network ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2007 Value added selling is one of several sales techniques that relies on building on the inherent value of a product or service. By its nature the value add technique is a more flexible and customized selling approach that requires input from a defined range of average customers. These customers will help the sales and marketing leaders to outline value positions that are likely to benefit the largest number of customers. The value add may not be initially apparent in the sales over view and is often tied to up selling or vertical selling within a specific market segment. The utility of the product or service, ease of integration in to the customers business operations, or time saving benefits are just a few areas that may be exploited when focusing on value add. One of the more recent examples of value added selling is hybrid cars . These are cars that rely on a mix of gasoline power and electric power. The inherent value of the product is still the same. Basically it moves a person from point A to point B. The value add can be seen in several different ways. The first is the obvious fuel savings. But there is also added value in less time spent at the gas station, and the cars pollute the air less than a normal combustion engine. The value add in this instance is determined by the customer, and not the company selling the car. Category Selling techniques ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Wikify date April 2010 Power added efficiency PAE is a metric for rating the Efficient energy use efficiency of a power amplifier that takes into account the effect of the gain of the amplifier . It is calculated as PAE 100 P sub OUT sub sub RF sub P sub IN sub sub RF sub P sub DC sub sub TOTAL sub It differs from most power efficiency descriptions calculated as 100 P sub OUT sub sub RF sub P sub IN sub sub DC sub PAE will be very similar to Efficient energy use efficiency when the gain of the amplifier is sufficiently high. But if the amplifier gain is relatively low the amount of power that is needed to drive the input of the amplifier should be considered in a metric that measures the efficiency of said amplifier. References http www.maxim ic.com glossary index.cfm Ac V ID 1010 Tm power added efficiency PAE http www.microwaves101.com encyclopedia efficiency.cfm Category Electronic amplifiers ... more details
Contextual value added CVA is a statistic used by the government of the United Kingdom to assess the performance of schools. The statistic is intended to show the progress children have made whilst attending a particular school. Unlike statistics such as exam performance, contextual value added attempts to take into account the circumstances of children attending the school that are beyond the school s control. ref name BBC citation title Guide to 2008 secondary tables url http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi education 7826777.stm accessdate 2009 09 05 date 2009 01 20 publisher BBC News ref The statistic works by comparing a child s performance with that of children with a similar prior performance and similar circumstances. There are three levels Level 1 measures performance of primary education primary age children. It measures the performance of pupils between the end of Key Stage 1 and the end of Key Stage 2 . It is based around a median score of 100. ref citation title The Key Stage 1 to 2 CVA measure url http www.dcsf.gov.uk performancetables primary 08 p3.shtml accessdate 2009 09 05 date publisher Department for Children, Schools and Families ref Level 2 CVA measures performance of secondary education secondary schools i.e. between the end of Key Stage 2 and the end of Key Stage 4 . Unlike Level 1 CVA , Level 2 CVA is based around a median score of 1000. ref name L2CVA citation title Key Stage 2 to Key Stage 4 KS2 KS4 Contextual Value Added Measure CVA url http www.dcsf.gov.uk performancetables ... title Key Stage 4 to Key Stage 5 Contextual Value Added Measure url http www.dcsf.gov.uk performancetables ... value added characteristics url http www.nationalstrategiescpd.org.uk public content esp resource bank ... Index ref citation title Technical Annex How is a contextual value added score for a pupil calculated ... produce differing CVA scores. The nature of Contextual Value Added being averaged across the country ... a number of years. ref name L2CVA Some schools have also claimed that contextual value added disadvantages ... more details
Corporate Finance In corporate finance , Economic Value Added or EVA , a registered trademark of Stern Stewart & Co ., is an estimate of a firm s economic profit being the value created in excess of the Required rate of return required return of the types of companies company s investors being shareholder s and debt holders . Quite simply, EVA is the profit earned by the firm less the Cost of capital cost of financing the firm s capital . The idea is that value is created when the return on the firm s economic capital employed is greater than the cost of that capital see Corporate finance Working capital management Corporate finance working capital management . This amount can be determined by making adjustments to GAAP accounting. There are potentially over 160 adjustments that could be made ... insolvency. Other measures of shareholder value include Added value Market value added Total shareholder return . Relationship to market value added The firm s market value added , or MVA, is the discounted sum present value of all future expected economic value added math MVA V K 0 sum t 1 infty ... cost Value added Weighted average cost of capital Apples and oranges Apples and oranges in teaching ... with the Economic Value Added? , Sergei Cheremushkin, 2008 http www.kellogg.northwestern.edu faculty ... Economic Value Added from EVA Dimensions LLC http pages.stern.nyu.edu adamodar New Home Page lectures eva.html Economic Value Added EVA , Prof. Aswath Damodaran http www.valuatum.com ... university EVA Understanding Economic Value Added , investopedia.com http www.investopedia.com ... Economic Value Added A simulation analysis of the trendy, owner oriented management tool , Timo ... p idan hodnota de Economic Value Added es Valor econ mico agregado fr Valeur conomique ajout e it Economic Value Added ja pt Valor econ mico adicionado sk Ekonomick pridan hodnota sv Economic value added uk EVA zh ... more details
Value added modeling also known as value added analysis and value added assessment is a method of teacher ..., as well as to the scores of other students in the same grade. In this manner, value added modeling ... circumstances. In this way, value added modeling isolates the teacher s contributions ... teacher performance, districts have looked to value added modeling as a supplement to observing ... to authorize the use of value added modeling techniques in the state s public schools schools as a means ... Value added evaluation bill is now law , Louisiana Federation of Teachers Weekly Legislative Digest , May 28, 2010. Accessed September 1, 2010. ref Experts do not recommend using value added ... factor in a multifaceted evaluation program. ref name Measuring Teaching Using Value Added Modeling cite paper title Measuring Teaching Using Value Added Modeling The Imperfect Panacea url .... Value added scores are more sensitive to teacher effects for mathematics than for language. ref ... slightly above or slightly below the median. ref name Otterman Value added scores assume that students ... random assignment of students to teachers can bias value added estimates of teachers causal effects. ref name Student Sorting and bias in Value Added Estimation cite news url http gsppi.berkeley.edu ... Student sorting and bias in value added estimation Selection on observables and unobservables Research .... ref Eric A. Hanushek and Steven G. Rivkin, Generalizations about the Use of Value Added Measures ... the concept to school operations when he developed value added models for school districts ... Corporation prepared for the Carnegie Corporation of New York , said that value added modeling holds ... in teacher scores when using such models, which could make value added modeling an effective ... Added Models for Teacher Accountability , RAND Corporation , 2003. Accessed September 1, 2010. ref ... web site that provided the score calculated by the value added modeling system for 6,000 elementary ... more details
sociology Value added theory also known as Strain theory sociology social strain theory was first proposed by Neil Smelser and is based on the assumption that certain conditions are needed for the development of a social movement . ref name Kendall Kendall, 2005 ref Smelser saw social movements as side effects of rapid social change . ref name Porta Porta & Diani, 2006 ref Smelser argued that six things were necessary and sufficient for collective behavior to emerge, ref name Kendall and that social movement evolves through those relevant stages ref name Porta ref Sztompka, 2004 ref Structural conduciveness the structure of the society e.g. spatial proximity must be such that certain protest actions become more likely. People must be aware of the problem and have the opportunity to act. Structural strain there must be a strain on society, caused by factors related to the structure of the current social system , such as inequality or injustice, and existing power holders are unable or unwilling to address the problem see also relative deprivation . Generalized belief the problem should be clearly defined in a way that is agreed by and understood by the participants. See also framing sociology framing . Precipitating factors events that become the proverbial spark igniting the flame, in other words a political opportunity . Mobilization for action people need to have a network and organization allowing them to take a collective action , see also resource mobilization Operation failure of social control how the authorities react or don t . High level of social control by those ... of value added was used earlier in economics , where it refers to the increasing value of product ... 10&pg PA254&lpg PA254&dq value added Smelser 1963&sig 29T5PogNI 6ot nXSAqktcOh o4 Google Print, p.254 ... books?ie UTF 8&vid ISBN1405102829&id LPzuN07KYgEC&num 10&pg PA7&lpg PA7&dq value added Smelser ... behavior , various, 1962 DEFAULTSORT Value Added Theory Category Social movements Category ... more details
Orphan date March 2012 The Value Added Tax Service of Ghana is the Government of Ghana agency responsible for the mobilization of tax for the government. ref name BENAK cite web title History of the Internal Revenue Service of Ghana url http www.benakconsult.com irs history.php publisher www.benakconsult.com accessdate 5 February 2012 ref The service was formed after the promulgation of the Revenue Agencies Governing Board Act in 1998. The Act established a Central governing body to oversee the activities of the then governing boards of IRS, CEPS and VATS. ref name BENAK References reflist Ghana topics Ministries and Agencies in Ghana Category Ghana Ministries and Agencies of State Ghana stub ... more details
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