to the Sequani, plundered the territory of the Aedui. ref harvnb Caesar BG loc Book I, Section ... that the Aedui lived between the Sa ne and the Doubs, and in the next, that the Sequani lived across ... of a Germanic tribes Germanic chieftain named Ariovistus , the Aedui sent Diviciacus Aedui Diviciacus .... In spite of this, the Aedui joined the Gallic coalition against Caesar B. G. vii. 42 ... Tacitus Ann. iii. 43 46 . The Aedui were the first of the Gauls to receive from the emperor Claudius ... of the Aedui in Caesar s time was called Vergobretus according to Theodor Mommsen Mommsen ... to go beyond the frontier. Certain clientes, or small communities, were also dependent upon the Aedui. It is possible that the Aedui adopted many of the governmental practices of the Romans, such as the electing ... Bibliography EB1911 Aedui cite book first Julius last Caesar authorlink Julius Caesar title De Bello ... of Gaul 1899 . 1911 br Celts Peoples of Gaul Category Ancient peoples Category Aedui Category Tribes involved in the Gallic Wars bg br Aedui ca Aduins cy Aedui de Haeduer es Heduos fr duens ko it Edui lad Eduens la Haedui lt Edujai hu Haeduusok nl Aedui ja pl Eduowie pt Eduos ... more details
Diviciacus or Divitiacus of the Aedui is the only druid from Classical antiquity antiquity whose existence is attested by name. He should not be confused with the king of the Suessiones also known by the Latinization literature Latinised name Diviciacus Suessiones Diviciacus coins, possibly issued by the latter, give the Gaulish name in Greek lettering as . The name may mean avenger. ref Delamarre, pp. 145 146. ref His date of birth is not known, but he was an adult during the late 60s BC, at which time he was a senator of the Aedui and escaped a massacre by the forces of the Sequani , Arverni and Germanic troops under the Suebi an leader Ariovistus . ref Brunaux, p. 282. In Caesar s Gallic War the word senator is used to refer to Gallic aristocrats who took part in their clans decision making. ref He supported the preexisting alliance the Aedui had with Rome, and in 63 BC spoke before the Roman senate to ask for military aid. While in Rome, he was a guest of Cicero , who spoke of his knowledge of divination, astronomy and natural philosophy, and names him as a druid. ref Cicero, De Divinatione I xli. ref Julius Caesar , who knew him well, speaks of him several times in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico and noted his particular skills as a diplomat without calling him a druid. Delamarre contends that, in addition to holding the religious office of druid, Diviciacus may have been the Vergobret Uergobretos , the annually elected political leader or chief magistrate ref Delamarre, p. 315. ref of the Aedui, one of the most powerful nations in Gaul . If true, his combination of military and religious office responsibilities in Aedua paralleled Caesar s duties among the Romans. For in Rome, Caesar was Pontifex Maximus in addition to being a Roman magistrates magistrate and general. Diviciacus had a brother, Dumnorix , who was aggressively anti Roman. After defeating ... to ancient Rome Category Aedui ca Divitiacus cs Diviciacus de Diviciacus Haeduer es Diviciaco heduo ... more details
Diviciacus or Divitiacus is the name of two Gaul ish noblemen of the 1st century BC Diviciacus Suessiones Diviciacus , king of the Suessiones Diviciacus Aedui Diviciacus , druid and magistrate of the Aedui disambig de Diviciacus ja ... more details
Liscus was Vergobretus chief magistrate of the Aedui of central Gaul in 58 BC. He revealed to Julius Caesar the role of his compatriot Dumnorix in withholding supplies. References Julius Caesar , Commentarii de Bello Gallico http www.perseus.tufts.edu cgi bin ptext?lookup Caes. Gal. 1.16 1.16 18 Category Gallic rulers Category 1st century BC European rulers Category Barbarian people of the Gallic Wars Category Aedui es Lisco fr Liscos ... more details
File Ambarri gold coin 5 to 1st century BCE.jpg thumb Ambarri gold coin, 5th 1st century BCE. Image Map Gallia Tribes Towns.png thumb A map of Gaul in the 1st century BC, showing the relative positions of the Celtic tribes. The Ambarri were a Gaul Gallic people, whom Julius Caesar B. G. i. 11 calls close allies and kinsmen of the Aedui . If the reading Aedui Ambarri in the passage referred to is correct, the Ambarri were Aedui. They are not mentioned among the clientes of the Aedui. B. G. vii. 75. They occupied a tract in the valley of the Rh ne River Rh ne , probably in the angle between the Sa ne and the Rh ne and their neighbors on the east were the Allobroges . They are mentioned by Livy v. 34 with the Aedui among those Galli who were said to have crossed the Alps into Italy in the time of Tarquinius Priscus . Several Communes of France communes in today s Ain department of France derive their name from them, including Amb rieu en Bugey , Amb rieux en Dombes , Ambutrix and Ambronay . References SmithDGRG Peoples of Gaul Category Ancient peoples Category Tribes of ancient Gaul ca Ambarris es Ambarros fr Ambarres lad Ambarres hu Ambarrusok nl Ambarri ... more details
Gorgobina was a Celtic oppidum fortified city on the territory of the Aedui tribe. After the defeat of the Helvetii in 58 BC at nearby Bibracte , the Helvetians Boii allies settled there Caes. Bell. Gall, I., 28 . If this really was an act of clemency on Julius Caesar s part may be disputed. With the Aedui being allies of Rome, Vercingetorix besieged Gorgobina in the course of his campaign blockquote Hac re cognita Vercingetorix rursus in Bituriges exercitum reducit atque inde profectus Gorgobinam, Boiorum oppidum, quos ibi Helvetico proelio victos Caesar collocaverat Haeduisque attribuerat, oppugnare instituit. blockquote Translation by the author With this in mind, Vercingetorix led his army back to the territory of the Bituriges and advanced from there to Gorgobina, the oppidum of the Boii whom, defeated in the battle of the Helvetians, Caesar had installed there and assigned to the Aedui , and laid siege to it. In the last great battle of the Gallic War , the Gorgobina Boii sent two thousand warriors to support Vercingetorix Caes. Bell. Gall., VII, 75 . The exact location of Gorgobina is still unclear. It might be modern Saint Parize le Ch tel or La Guerche Ni vre . References A. Genier, la recherche de Gorgobina , REA 44, 1942, 116. Further reading http gorgobina.monsite.wanadoo.fr index.jhtml Gorgobina coord missing France Category Roman towns and cities in France Category Former populated places in France Category Aedui Category Boii es Gorg bina fr Gorgobina it Gorgobina ... more details
Aulerci is a generic name for some of the Celt Celtic peoples of ancient Gaul , which included several Celtic tribes. Julius Caesar B. G. ii. 34 names the Aulerci with the Veneti Gaul Veneti and the other maritime states. In B. G. vii. 75, he enumerates, among the clients of the Aedui , the Brannovices Aulerci Brannovices and Brannovii, as the common text stands but the names in this chapter of Caesar are corrupt, and Brannovii does not appear to be genuine. If the name Aulerci Brannovices is genuine in vii. 75, this branch of the Aulerci, which was dependent on the Aedui, must be distinguished from those Aulerci who were situated between the Lower Seine and the Loire , and separated from the Aedui by the Senones , Carnutes , and Bituriges Cubi . Again, in vii. 75, Caesar mentions the Cenomani Aulerci Cenomani and the Aulerci Eburovices . In B. G. vii. 75 Caesar mentions the maritime states ii. 34 under the name of the Armorica Armoric states but his list does not agree with the list in ii. 34, and it does not contain the Aulerci as the Aulerci were not regarded a maritime tribe. Caesar iii. 17 mentions a tribe of Diablintes or Diablintres, to whom Ptolemy gives the generic name of Aulerci. It seems, then, that Aulerci was a general name under which several tribes were included. References SmithDGRG Category Ancient peoples Category Tribes of ancient Gaul Category Tribes involved in the Gallic Wars bg br Aulerci ca Aulercs de Aulerci es Aulercos fr Aulerques it Aulerci hu Aulercusok ru ... more details
France hist stub Amagetobria or Magetobria was a town in Gaul , close to the Sequani , famous for the victory by Ariovistus over the Aedui in 63 BC . It would now be in Amage , 10 km from Luxeuil . Portal Celts Bouillet Category Ancient Gaul Category Celtic towns ca Batalla de Magetobriga de Schlacht bei Magetobriga fr Bataille de Magetobriga it Admagetobriga ... more details
of the Aedui in 52, and Celtillos of the Arverni . For the Lemovices , two names are probable Sedullos ... Postumus, vergobret, son of Dumnorix the latter having no relation to the Aedui of the same ... more details
Dumnorix given on coins as Dubnoreix was a chieftain of the Aedui , a List of peoples of Gaul Celtic tribe in Gaul in the 1st century B.C. He was strongly against alliance with the Romans, particularly Julius Caesar , who sparred with him on several occasions. Dumnorix, Orgetorix of the Helvetii and Casticus of the Sequani were said to be conspiring to establish a Gallic triumvirate to replace the existing magistracies of the Gallic peoples shortly before Caesar s governorship. To strengthen the alliance, Orgetorix gave Dumnorix his daughter in marriage. The conspiracy was discovered and put a stop to by the Helvetii. In 58 BC, the first year of Caesar s governorship, Dumnorix used his influence to persuade the Sequani to allow the Helvetii to migrate through their territory. Caesar opposed this migration militarily, and requested the Aedui, who were allies of Rome, to supply his soldiers with grain, but this was not forthcoming. Liscus , the chief magistrate or Vergobretus of the Aedui, revealed to Caesar that Dumnorix, who was very popular and influential, was responsible for the withholding of the supplies. Caesar also discovered that Dumnorix had been in command of a unit of cavalry, sent to his aid by the Aedui, whose flight had cost him a cavalry engagement. Dumnorix was spared any serious retribution at the request of his brother Diviciacus Aedui Diviciacus , who had good relations with Caesar and the Romans. Caesar agreed instead to place Dumnorix under surveillance. Dumnorix continued to be troublesome, and in 54 BC was one of the Gaulish leaders Caesar proposed to take with him as hostages on his second expedition to Roman conquest of Britain Britain , fearing that they might cause trouble in his absence. Dumnorix pleaded his fear of the sea and religious obligations in an attempt to get Caesar to leave him behind. When this failed, he claimed that Caesar intended ... European rulers Category Aedui ca Dumnorix cs Dumnorix de Dumnorix es D mnorix fr Dumnorix it Dumnorige ... more details
Diviciacus or Divitiacus was a king of the Belgae Belgic nation of the Suessiones in the early 1st century BC. Julius Caesar , writing in the mid 1st century BC, says that he had within living memory been the most powerful king in Gaul , ruling a large portion not only of Gallia Belgica , but also of British Iron Age Britain . ref Julius Caesar , Commentarii de Bello Gallico Wikisource The Gallic War Caesar Book 2 4 2.4 ref Since it is likely that Diviciacus spent at least a part of his life in Britain, he may be considered the earliest inhabitant of the British Isles whose name has come down from antiquity. He should not be confused with his namesake Diviciacus Aedui Diviciacus of the Aedui . References references Category Gallic rulers Category Monarchs of British tribes Category 1st century BC European rulers Category Ancient Gauls de Diviciacus Suessionen es Diviciaco suesi n it Diviziaco dei Suessioni ja uk ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 An incomplete list of notable druid s and neo druidism neo druids Historical or legendary druids Amergin Gl ingel Bec mac D Bodhmall female druid in the Fenian cycle Cathbad Ulster cycle Gwenc hlan 6th century Breton people Breton Merlin from the Arthurian legends Mug Ruith blind druid in Irish mythology Tadg mac Nuadat Fenian cycle Tlachtga daughter of Mug Ruith Diviciacus Aedui Diviciacus or Divitiacus of the Aedui is the only druid from antiquity whose existence is attested by name. Modern druids or neo druids Erwen Berthou Breton Gwilherm Berthou Breton Isaac Bonewits US, born 1949 Philip Carr Gomm British Ian Corrigan US, born Jeffrey Wyndham 1955 Robert Lee Skip Ellison John Michael Greer US, born 1962 Godfrey Higgins British, born 1772 Ellen Evert Hopman Paul Ladmirault Breton Robert Larson US, 1943 2004 Morvan Marchal Breton Gerald Massey English, 1828 1907 Iolo Morganwg Welsh, 1747 1826 Brendan Myers Canadian Ross Nichols British, 1902 1975 William Price doctor William Price Welsh, 1800 1893 Emma Restall Orr British Fictional druids Recurring characters in Asterix Getafix Getafix , a Gaulish druid appearing in the Franco Belgian comics French comic series Asterix The Adventures of Asterix . Merlin , a wizard who appears in Arthurian legend and is presented as a druid in some modern works, including The Warlord Chronicles series of books by Bernard Cornwell and the 2004 film King Arthur film King Arthur . Allanon , one of the main protagonists in the Shannara series by author Terry Brooks . Pikel Bouldershoulder, in the novels of The Cleric Quintet series by R.A. Salvatore . Amergin , bard in the novel Bard, by Morgan Llywelyn , and his brother Colptha, a diviner. See also Neopagans List of pagans Expand list date August 2008 Category Druids Category Neo druids ... more details
Casticus was a nobleman of the Sequani of eastern Gaul . His father, Catamantaloedes , had previously been the ruler of the tribe, and had been recognised as a friend by the Roman Senate . Ca. 60 BC, Casticus entered into a conspiracy with Orgetorix of the Helvetii and Dumnorix of the Aedui to seize control of their respective tribes and between them rule Gaul. ref Cite book last Caesar first Julius title Cws title Commentaries on the Gallic War link Commentaries on the Gallic War Book 1 3 ref The conspiracy was discovered and put a stop to by the Helvetii. References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Casticus ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH Category Gallic rulers Category 1st century BC European rulers Category Sequani Category Ancient Gauls Euro noble stub AncientRome bio stub ca Casticus de Casticus es C stico ... more details
or fortified city, was the capital of the Aedui and one of the most important hillfort s in Gaul ... culture of the Aedui corresponded to the Late Iron Age La T ne culture , In 58 BC, at the Battle ... oppidum on the site of Autun the former Augustodunum , which was effectively the capital of the Aedui ... again in 52 BCE, during which he was questioning the intentions of his Aedui allies, who ... again. Inscriptions from the era announced that the capital of the Aedui had received the name ... Beuvray established to Christianize the Aedui. ref name Goudineau He also returned to Mont Beuvray ... at Mont Beuvray instead of Autun, contrary to the unanimous opinion of the Aedui Society. The publication of his Essay on the Roman System of Defense in the Aedui country bettwen the Sa ne and the Loire ..., another member of the Aedui Society, the mission of making a survey of Mont Beavray. ref name Goudineau ... and showed it to the Archbishop of Reims, who was also a member of the Aedui Society and a friend .... J. C., ditions Errance, 2005,pp17 ref History of the oppidum Main Aedui Chronology of the population ... europ en, 2006,p60 ref Because the Aedui had the status of friend of the Roman people, contacts with Roman ... War . These revealed, among other things, the names of certain notables of the Aedui aristocracy such as Dumnorix , vergobret of the Aedui, and his brother Diviciacus Aedui Diviciacos , the druid ... a generation after Caesar, indicated Bibracte as an Aedui stronghold again. ref Strabo , Geography ... model a part of the dominant Aedui class, already pro Roman during the Gallic War , definitely realized ... since it does not correspond to the historical reality, the power of the Aedui capital was related in the Commentaries on the Gallic War , which underlined the many alliances held by the Aedui with neighboring peoples. Julius Caesar also mentioned the wars that set the Aedui against the Arverni ... was allied with the Aedui, our blood brothers ref Julius Caesar , Commentaries on the Gallic War , Book ... more details
plundered the lands of the Aedui there. ref harvnb Caesar BG loc Book I, Section 11 . ref Extending ... to the Aedui. ref harvnb Caesar BG loc Book VII, Section 90 ref Strabo says that the Arar separates the Sequani from the Aedui and the Lingones, which means that the Sequani were on the left, or eastern ... in Gaul , the Sequani had taken the side of the Arverni against their rivals the Aedui and hired ... them to defeat the Aedui, the Sequani were worse off than before, for Ariovistus deprived them of a third ... time obliged the Sequani to surrender all that they had gained from the Aedui. This so exasperated ... more details
Julius Indus was a nobleman of the Gaul ish Treveri tribe. In 21 AD he helped the Romans put down a rebellion of the Treveri and Aedui . He went on to lead the Ala Gallorum Indiana Ala Roman military cavalry unit which may have been involved in the Roman invasion of Britain , and was certainly posted at Corinum Cirencester in the mid to late 1st century. His daughter, Julia Pacata , married the Procurator Roman procurator of Roman Britain , Gaius Julius Alpinus Classicianus , and buried him in London in 65. References Tacitus , Annals Tacitus Annals http www.perseus.tufts.edu cgi bin ptext?lookup Tac. Ann. 3.42 3.42 External links http www.roman britain.org military alaind.htm Ala Gallorum Indiana at http www.roman britain.org Roman Britain.org http itsa.ucsf.edu snlrc encyclopaedia romana britannia boudica classicianus.html Tomb of C. Julius Alpinus Classicianus Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Indus, Julius ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Indus, Julius Category Ancient Gauls Category Ancient people Category Ancient Romans in Britain Category 1st century people Ancient Rome bio stub ca Juli Indus es Julio Indo it Giulio Indo ... more details
Gaius Julius Vercondaridubnus floruit fl. 1st century BCE was a Gauls Gaul of the civitas of the Aedui . ref His praenomen is offered as Caius or abbreviated as C. by some modern sources. ref He was the first high priest Glossary of ancient Roman religion sacerdos sacerdos of the Altar of the Divus Julius Deified Caesar at Lugdunum modern Lyon , France , which was inaugurated August 1 in either 12 or 10 BCE at the confluence of the Sa ne and Rhone rivers. The dating of the inauguration to 12 would connect it to the year in which Augustus assumed the office of pontifex maximus . The Imperial cult ancient Rome Imperial cult at Lugdunum was the first and most important in the Western empire. It was established by Nero Claudius Drusus Drusus , the stepson of Augustus, in the wake of a Gallic rebellion. Representatives from more than 60 Gallic nations attended. ref Ronald Mellor , The Goddess Roma, Aufstieg und Niedergang der r mischen Welt 2.17.2, p. 986 http books.google.com books?id QK1M2VD1tsAC&pg RA3 PA986&dq Vercondaridubnus&lr &num 100&as brr 3&as pt ALLTYPES online. ref The date of August 1 seems to have been chosen to honor Augustus, being the Kalends of the month newly renamed after him, and in the Celtic calendar also a significant date, later celebrated as Lughnasadh . Citation needed date May 2009 In addition to his priesthood of the Imperial cult ancient Rome Imperial cult for the Three Gauls Tres Galliae , Vercondaridubnus held Roman citizenship . He also had a role in his Roman province provincial deliberative body concilium , which had legal power to negotiate with the Roman administration. Although the priesthood was an annual office, its holders would have held .... ref The Aedui had been allies of Rome since the 120s BCE, with the relationship expressed formally ... as the divus Julius of Imperial cult . His father, like other Gaii Julii of the Aedui, may even have ..., Gaius Category Ancient Gauls Category 1st century BC Romans Category Aedui ... more details
their rivals the Aedui , after which they settled in large numbers in conquered Gallic territory ... Ariovistus s aid in their war against the Aedui . The latter were a numerous Celtic people occupying ... between the Aedui and the Sequani. Strabo , who lived a generation after Caesar in the late ... and Aedui, and it was in fact commercial, at least in Strabo s view. ref Strabo , Geography http .... The location of the final battle between the Aedui and their enemies, which Caesar names as the Battle of Magetobriga , remains unknown, but Ariovistus 15,000 men turned the tide, and the Aedui became tributary to the Sequani. Cicero writes in 60 BC of a defeat sustained by the Aedui, perhaps in reference ... between the Rhine and the Doubs in the vicinity of Belfort and then have approached the Aedui along ... by the Roman Senate . He had likely already crossed the Rhine at this point. Cicero indicates that the Aedui ... of his Rhine crossing, whenever it was, but would have been treated as hostile. However, the Aedui were also allies of Roman Republic Rome , and in 58 BC Diviciacus Aedui Diviciacus , one of their senior ... from the Aedui and undertake not to make war against them. He pointed out that Ariovistus was a friend ... with the decrees of the senate, could not let the harassment of the Aedui go unpunished. Ariovistus ... from his Celtic allies that the Harudes were devastating the country of the Aedui and that 100 units ... of Boii were left after the battle, the Aedui were obliging. Caesar must have immediately begun marching ... Diviciacus Aedui Diviciacus as a guide, Caesar s troops marched convert 50 mi km in 7 days, arriving ... on Roman policy. Ariovistus now took the tack of claiming the Aedui had attacked him, rather than vice ..., as not to know that the Aedui in the very last war with the Allobroges had neither rendered assistance to the Romans, nor received any from the Roman people in the struggles which the Aedui had ... of them among the Aedui when the campaign against Ariovistus began. In the early empire the same ... more details
The Charudes or Harudes were a Germanic peoples Germanic group first mentioned by Julius Caesar as one of the tribes who had followed Ariovistus across the Rhine. While Tacitus Germania book Germania makes no mention of them, Ptolemy s Geography Ptolemy Geographia locates the Charudes on the east coast of the Cimbrian peninsula modern Jutland . ref Ptolemy, Geography , book II, c. 10. ref Their name suggests that they may have at one point settled in Hardanger in Western Norway . ref Orel, Vladimir. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology . Leiden, Netherlands Brill, 2003 164. ref People of classical times Sometime before 60 BC, the rex Germanorum Ariovistus had been petitioned by the Celtic Sequani for assistance in their war against the Aedui . In return, Ariovistus was promised land grants in Gaul, although exactly where is not certain. Gathering forces from a wide area of Germany, Ariovistus crossed the Rhine with large numbers and defeated the Aedui. It is in the context of Ariovistus subsequent land claims that the Harudes are first mentioned by Caesar blockquote But a worse thing had befallen the victorious Sequani than the vanquished Aedui, for Ariovistus, the king of the Germans, had settled in their territories, and had seized upon a third of their land, which was the best in the whole of Gaul, and was now ordering them to depart from another third part, because a few months previously 24,000 men of the Harudes had come to him, for whom room and settlements must be provided. Commentaries on the Gallic War , I.31 blockquote In the following Ariovistus The battle battle against Caesar near Vesontio Besan on , the Harudes formed one of the seven tribal divisions of Ariovistus host. After suffering a crushing defeat at the hands of the Romans, the Germans fled back over the Rhine. ref Julius Caesar, Commentaries on the Gallic War , I.51ff. ref The Harudes in the graecized form Charydes are next mentioned in the Res Gestae Divi Augusti , in which Augustus cla ... more details
such as the Aedui and Helvetii had enjoyed stable political alliances with Rome in the past. The Romans ... to attack the Aedui, a strong Roman ally, Rome turned a blind eye. They didn t appear to be concerned ... both the Aedui and their coconspirators. Fearing another mass migration akin to the devastating Cimbrian ... with the ambitious Sequani and the Roman dominated Aedui . The Sequani were beginning to resent and regret the abundances of unruly Germanic warbands and their huge encampments of dependents. The Aedui ... and the Aedui chieftain Dumnorix through marital arrangements and host exchange of family members. For three ... as the Aedui were brought to bay by their protective overlords. Citation needed date February 2009 ... of the Sequani, and were busy pillaging the lands of the Aedui, Ambarri , and Allobroges ... they ran into supply troubles. Caesar in the meantime sent 4,000 Roman and allied Aedui cavalry ... and headed for the Aedui town of Bibracte . The tables were turned, and the Helvetii began to pursue ... the Aedui and in 61 BC, the Sequani rewarded Ariovistus with land following his victory in the Battle ... of the Aedui, but this proposition presented an opportunity to expand Rome s borders, strengthen the loyalty ... that he could not ignore the pain the Aedui had suffered and delivered an ultimatum to Ariovistus demanding that no German cross the Rhine , the return of Aedui hostages and the protection of the Aedui ... Ariovistus assured Caesar that the Aedui hostages would be safe as long as they continued their yearly ... over his actions. ref Goldsworthy, Caesar, 272 ref With the attack of the Harudes on the Aedui ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year dab 21 Year nav 21 M1 year in topic NOTOC Year 21 Roman numerals XXI was a common year starting on Wednesday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Caesar or, less frequently, year 774 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 21 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events onlyinclude By place Roman Empire Revolt of the Aedui under Julius Florus and Julius Sacrovir, suppressed by Gaius Silius . Emperor Tiberius is a List of Early Imperial Roman Consuls Roman Consul for the fourth time. The Romans create a buffer state in the territory of the Quadi in southern Slovakia . Barracks are constructed for the Praetorian Guard on the Quirinal . Asia Daeso King Daeso of Dongbuyeo is killed in battle against the armies of Goguryeo, led by its third ruler, Daemusin of Goguryeo King Daemusin . By topic Arts and sciences The manufacture of pen s and metal writing tools begins in Rome. onlyinclude Births Deaths Publius Sulpicius Quirinius , Roman governor of Syria Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus , List of Early Imperial Roman Consuls Roman Consul or 20 Arminius , Germanic leader who defeated three Roman legions at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest Empress Wang Xin Dynasty Empress Wang References Reflist DEFAULTSORT 21 Category 21 af 21 als 20er 21 am 21 . . . ar 21 an 21 arc 21 ast 21 az 21 bn bjn 21 be 21 be x old 21 bh bs 21 br 21 bg 21 ca 21 cv 21 cs 21 co 21 cy 21 da 21 de 21 et 21 el 21 es 21 eo 21 eu 21 fa fr 21 fy 21 gd 21 gl 21 gan 21 ko 21 hy 21 hr 21. io 21 bpy id 21 ia 21 os 21 is 21 it 21 he 21 jv 21 ka 21 kk 21 sw 21 ht 21 almanak jilyen la 21 lv 21. gads lb 21 lt 21 m. lmo 21 hu 21 mk 21 mg 21 mr . . ms 21 nah 21 nl 21 new ja 21 nap 21 no 21 nn 21 oc 21 or uz 21 pi nds 21 ... more details
Ambicatus or Ambigatos in Gaulish language Gaulish is mentioned in the Founding myth founding legend of Mediolanum Milan by Livy , ref Livius, Ab Urbe condita 5.34 35.3. ref whose source is Timagenes , as a king of the Bituriges , ref The Bituriges had their capital in Avaricum , today Bourges . ref kings of the world as their name suggests, ref From bitu world cf . Welsh language Welsh byd or Breton language Breton bed of same meaning and rix king cognate to Latin rex ref who ruled over the Celts in central Gaul , between Hispania and Germany , in the days of Tarquinius Priscus the fifth century BCE . Ambicatus sent his sister s sons, Bellovesus and Bellovesus Segovesus , ref The names Ambigatus, the very wise, Segovesus, having knowledge of victory, and Bellovesus are poetical names, Richard Wellington Husband observed, in Kelts and Ligurians Classical Philology 6 .4 October 1911 , pp. 385 401. ref with many followers drawn from numerous tribes, ref Bituriges , and the surrounding Arverni , Senones , Aedui , Ambarri , Carnutes and Aulerci , are noted by Livy. ref to found new colonies in the Hercynian forest and in Cisalpine Gaul northern Italy , in the early sixth century BC. Bellovesus founded Mediolanum. If Ambicatus was an authentic historical figure, rather than a construct to express the linked origins of Celt ic tribes in northern Italy and beyond the Alps, ref The diffusion of the Ambicatus legend would help to preserve unity by recalling the mythic greatness of the past, J.A. McCulloch remarked, in The Religion of the Ancient Celts 1911 , ch.II, pp 19ff. ref most likely he was the leader of the most powerful tribe in a military alliance, from which the Celtic colonizers of Italy were apparently drawn. ref name DGRBM cite encyclopedia last Smith first William authorlink William Smith lexicographer title Ambigatus editor William Smith lexicographer William Smith encyclopedia Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology volume 1 pages 138 publisher ... more details
Eumenius born c. 260 at the latest, more probably between 230 and 240 , was one of the Ancient Rome Roman panegyrist s and author of a speech transmitted in the collection of the Panegyrici Latini Pan. Lat. IX ref In manuscript order. In chronological order, his speech is counted as either 4 or 5. ref . Life Eumenius was born in Gallia Lugdunensis at Augustodunum Autun , the civitas capital of the Celtic Aedui . ref Greg Woolf, Becoming Roman The Origins of Provincial Civilization in Gaul Cambridge University Press, 1998, 2003 , p. 1. ref He was of Greek descent his grandfather, who had migrated from Athens to Rome, finally settled at Autun as a teacher of rhetoric . Eumenius probably took his place, for it was from Autun that he went to be magister memoriae private secretary to Constantius Chlorus , whom he accompanied on several of his campaigns. In 296 Chlorus determined to restore the famous schools scholae Maenianae of Autun. During the turmoil in 3rd century Gaul, instruction had ceased, maybe due to lack of funding or students, and the buildings had been greatly damaged during a siege of the city in 269 . The emperor appointed Eumenius to the management of the schools, allowing him to keep the rank of a senior imperial officer and doubling his salary. Eumenius had not converted even nominally to Christianity, unlike Ausonius and other writers from Gaul. Panegyric His speech, usually called Pro restaurandis or instaurandis scholis For the restoration of the schools , was probably delivered in 297 or 298 in the forum at Autun or Lyon before the governor of the province. The purpose of the speech is to ask the governor if Eumenius may dedicate his salary or a large part of it to rebuild the schools at Autun. He praises the emperors Constantius Chlorus and his colleagues of the tetrarchy and sets forth the steps necessary to restore the schools to their former state of efficiency, stressing that he intends to assist the good work out of his own pocket. To this en ... more details
image Vercingetorix.jpg thumb 200px Vercingetorix Memorial in Alesia Alise Sainte Reine image SiegeAlesia.png thumb 200px right The fortification s built by Caesar in Alesia br small Inset cross shows location of Alesia in Gaul modern France . The circle shows the weakness in the north western section of the fortifications small Alesia was the capital of the Mandubii , one of the Gaul ish tribes allied with the Aedui , and after Julius Caesar s conquest a Roman town oppidum in Gaul . There have been archeological excavations since the time of Napol on III in Alise Sainte Reine in C te d Or C te d Or near Dijon , which have claimed that the historical Alesia is located there. New discoveries are constantly being made about this Gallo Roman settlement on the plateau of Mont Auxois. As a result of the latest excavation, a find was presented to the museum there with the inscription IN ALISIIA , which finally dispelled the doubts of some archeologists on the town s identity. Early doubts Earlier there were other, less academically valid theories about Alesia s location that claimed it was in Franche Comt or around Salins les Bains in Jura d partement Jura . The uncertainty surrounding Alesia s location is humorously parodied in the Asterix volume Asterix and the Chieftain s Shield , in which, in this case because of Gaulish pride, characters repeatedly deny that they know its location I don t know where Alesia is No one knows where Alesia is . Caesar s battle Around 52 BC , Alesia was the site of the decisive Battle of Alesia battle between the Roman Republic Romans under Julius Caesar and the Gauls under Vercingetorix . The battle s outcome determined the fate of all of Gaul in winning the battle, the Romans won both the Gallic War and dominion over Gaul. The fight is described in detail by Caesar in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico Book 7, 68 69 . The latest analysis at Alise Sainte Reine can corroborate the described siege in detail. The enormous measures taken there ... more details
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