Bellovesus was a legendary Gaul Gallic king. He lived around 600 BCE and is remembered for invading northern Italy with his people during the legendary reign of the 5th king of Rome, Tarquinius Priscus from 616 BCE to 579 BCE , although archeology would associate Gallic expansion into Italy to around 500 BCE. The historical writer Titus Livius Livius marks that he was the son of the sister of the king Ambigatus . His family belonged to the tribe of Bituriges , which were at this time the most powerful Gaulic tribe and in each case placed therefore the king of all Gaul. In this time the Gaulish people were suffering from overpopulation , so that it became necessary to open new settlement areas. Bellovesus and his brother Segovesus were entrusted with this task. While Segovesus was chosen by the gods that is, by lot, got an indication to look in the Hercynian Forest for new areas to settle Bellovesus was led to upper Italy. Bellovesus led allegedly a group of six surplus tribes forward over the Alps Bituriges, Arverni , Senones , Aedui , Ambarri , Carnutes , and Aulerci . ref The Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde marks ... Livius has the names of the tribes involved probably out in the 1st century current names freely arranged, them did not hist orischen Qu inches worth 13, 345 FF. . , p. 275, http books.google.com books?vid ISBN3110163152&id v7Y2N6PBiZcC&pg PA275&lpg PA274&printsec 8&vq h C3 A4duer&dq dumnorix&hl de&sig qicUNHtdsYnC p7hQ1RW HvnQVw . ref The Alps represented an insurmountable hurdle for the course however first. Only after Bellovesus received support from the Greeks , who in the area of the Salyes had landed and established the port city of Massilia Marseille in c. 600 BCE, did Bellovesus follow a divine sign and succeed in the crossing of the Alps through a pass in the area of Taurini . Having arrived in Italy, the Gauls defeated the Etruscans at the Ticino River and settled in an area which was later called Insubria . Here Bellovesus found ... more details
Convictolitavis wikt floruit fl. mid 1st century BC was a prominent member of the Celts Celtic civitas of the Haedui during the Gallic Wars . He played a significant role in the pan Gaul Gallic rebellion of 52 BC, as narrated by Julius Caesar in Book 7 of his Commentarii de Bello Gallico . In the seventh year of the war, Caesar was surprised by the scope and strength of the resistance mounted by Vercingetorix , a leader of the neighboring Arverni , who was able to rally a number of Gallic civitates and tribes in a united effort to halt the Roman conquest of Gaul. Haeduan loyalties during this time appear to have been divided the Aedui had been allies of Rome and enemies of the Arverni at least since the 120s BC, but Caesar was aware of opposing pro and anti Roman factions within the civitas from the beginning of the war. ref Caesar represents these throughout Book 1 58 BC in the persons of the Haeduan brothers Diviciacus pro and Dumnorix anti . ref This division recurs in the disputed Haeduan election for the annual office of vergobret , which Caesar describes as the chief Roman magistrate magistracy of the civitas . Two men claimed victory Convictolitavis and Cotus, whose brother had held the office the previous year. Aeduan law sought to limit the dynastic accumulation of power within a family by prohibiting a man from holding the vergobrecy if a close relative had within a specified period of time. Cotus, whatever the outcome of the vote, should have been ineligible. A Haeduan delegation called in the Roman proconsul to mediate. Caesar claims that he did not want to involve himself with an internal political matter, and he could ill afford to turn his attention from Vercingetorix, but the instability of the Haedui and an impending civil war among what had long been Rome s staunchest ally in central Gaul warranted his presence. After reviewing the case and learning that the priests ref Possibly referring to the druid s, about whom Caesar writes in Book 6. ref had ... more details
File Milano Scrofa Semilanuta 1.jpg thumb right 200px Bas relief representing the scrofa semilanuta on the walls of Palazzo della Ragione Milan Palazzo della Ragione , Milan The scrofa semilanuta in Italian language Italian half woolly sow is an ancient emblem of the city of Milan , Italy , dating back at least to the Middle Ages and, according to a local legend, to the very foundation of Milan. Several ancient sources including Sidonius Apollinaris , Saint Datius Datius , and, more recently, Andrea Alciato ref name beretta Claudio Beretta, Letteratura dialettale milanese , Ulrico Hoepli, pp. 21 26 see http books.google.it books?id wL9U8UPDeUEC&pg PA25&lpg PA25&dq scrofa semilanuta celtico&source bl&ots NTa aLPhi7&sig v0FLUmrD6UwjVzlNtvZGTsbRfT8&hl it&ei wby6Tam7FYXOswae 4z8BQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 7&ved 0CEIQ6AEwBjgU v onepage&q&f false ref have argued that the scrofa semilanuta is connected to the etymology of the ancient name of Milan, Mediolanum , and this is still occasionally mentioned in modern sources, although this interpretation has long been dismissed by scholars. ref name beretta The adoption of the half woolly sow as an emblem of Milan is associated to a legend about the foundation of the city. According to this legend which partially draws from Livy s writings , the founder of Milan was a Gaul prince named Belloveso. Belloveso reached the Po Valley following a vision he had had in a dream, where a goddess showed him the place where the city would rise. In this dream, he saw a sow with unusually long wool on the front half of its body. Other ancient sources most notably the aforementioned Alciato, who in turns credits Ambrose for his account report that the half woolly sow is actually a sort of Chimera mythology chimera half boar and half ram and that the emblem came about when the Bituriges and the Aedui , having as their emblems a ram and a boar respectively, joined in the Po Valley. The origin of the legend of scrofa semilanuta and the ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year dab 48 Year nav 48 M1 year in topic NOTOC Year 48 Roman numerals XLVIII was a leap year starting on Monday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Vitellius and Poplicola or, less frequently, year 801 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 48 for this year has been used since the early medieval period , when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events onlyinclude By place Roman Empire Consul s are Vitellius Aulus Vitellius and Lucius Vipstanus Poplicola . The Roman Emperor emperor Claudius invests Agrippa II with the office of superintendent of the Temple in Jerusalem . After the execution of his wife Messalina , Claudius gets senatorial approval to marry his niece, Agrippina the Younger . Vitellius is a List of Early Imperial Roman Consuls Roman Consul . Publius Ostorius Scapula , governor of Roman Britain Britain , announces his intention to disarm all Britons historical Britons south and east of the River Trent Trent and River Severn Severn . The Iceni , an independent, allied kingdom within that area, revolt but are defeated. Ostorius then moves against the Deceangli in north Wales , but is forced to abandon the campaign to deal with a revolt among the allied Brigantes . Gauls Gallic nobles are admitted to the Roman Senate . Claudius grants the rights of citizenship to the Aedui . Asia The Hun Hsiung nu empire dissolves. The emperor of China , Guang Wudi Kouang Wou Ti , restores Chinese domination of Inner Mongolia . The Xiongnu are made confederates and guard the Northern border of the empire. By topic Religion Probable date of the Apostolic Council . Paul of Tarsus begins his first mission approximate date, see 47 . According to Christianity Christian legend, Martha travels to Avignon . onlyinclude Births Cai Lun Ts ai Lun , China Chinese researcher and inventor of paper d. 121 Ulpia Marciana , sister ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year nav 121 BC year in topic 121 NOTOC Year 121 BC was a year of the Roman calendar pre Julian Roman calendar . At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Opimius and Allobrogicus or, less frequently, year 633 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 121 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events onlyinclude By place Roman Republic The Roman Senate passes the motion senatus consultum ultimum , which the consul Lucius Opimius interprets as giving him unlimited power to preserve the Roman Republic Republic . He gathers an armed force of Senators and their supporters to confront Gaius Gracchus . A pitched battle is fought inside Rome , resulting in the death of Gracchus and many of his followers. A tribunal is established in Rome that executes 3,000 followers of Gracchus. Consul Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus Quintus Fabius Maximus , allied with the Aedui , defeated the Arverni and Allobroges in Transalpine Gaul , thus establishing the province for Rome. The finest vintage of Falernian wine , known as the Opimian vintage, was bottled from vines grown on Mt Falernus between Latium and Campania. Asia Led by General Ho Chu ping , the China Chinese defeat the Xiongnu . onlyinclude Births Publius Sulpicius Rufus , tribune of the plebs d. 88 BC Sertorius , Roman general d. 72 BC Deaths Gaius Gracchus Marcus Fulvius Flaccus M. Fulvius Flaccus b. 154 BC Cleopatra Thea failed attempt to poison her stepson b. c. 164 BC References Reflist DEFAULTSORT 121 Bc Category 121 BC ast 121 edC be 121 . . be x old 121 . . bs 121 p.n.e. ca 121 aC cs 121 p . n. l. cy 121 CC da 121 f.Kr. de 121 v. Chr. el 121 . . es 121 a. C. eo 121 eu K. a. 121 fa fr 121 fur 121 p.d.C. gl 121 ko 121 hy . . . 121 hr 121. pr. Kr. io 121 aK id 121 SM it 121 a.C. ka . . 121 kk . . . 121 sw 121 KK la 121 a.C ... more details
for the hazardous lakes Avernus Image Gaul, 1st century BC.gif thumb A map of Gaul in the 1st century BC, showing the relative position of the Arverni tribe. File Averni coin depicting warrior 5th to 1st century BCE.jpg thumb Arverni coin depicting warrior, 5th 1st century BCE. The Arverni were a Gauls Gallic tribe living in what is now the Auvergne region Auvergne region of France during the last centuries BC. One of the most powerful tribes in ancient Gaul , they opposed the Ancient Rome Romans on several occasions. Their most important stronghold was Gergovia , near the present day commune of Clermont Ferrand . Early history The Arverni had once been the most powerful tribal hegemony in Gaul during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC under their king, Luernios , but when his son or grandson Bituitus was defeated by the Ancient Rome Romans in 121 BC, their ascendancy passed to the Aedui and Sequani . Unlike the Allobroges , who were brought under direct Roman rule as a result of the Celtic wars of the 120s, the Arverni negotiated a treaty that preserved their independence, though their territory was diminished. No further Arvernian kings are mentioned in the historical record, and they may have adopted a constitutional oligarchy at this time. However, there were at least two later attempts to re establish rulership. The defeat of the Arverni led directly to the establishment of Gallia Narbonensis as a Roman province , referred to simply as the Provincia so often that a part of the ancient region is today known as Provence . The King Luernios was mentioned in writing by the Greek ethnographer Posidonius. Luernios was known to have scattered gold and silver coins to his followers while riding in his chariot. Under Luernios, the Arverni was at the head of a formidable Gallic military hegemony which stretched from the Rhine to the Atlantic coast. Gallic Wars Image Vercingetorix stater CdM.jpg thumb left Gold stater of Vercingetorix , Cabinet des M dailles . The Arverni later ... more details
File Orgetorix coin.jpg thumb 300px An example of the Orgetorix coins minted among the Helvetii during the time of Orgetorix s magistracy, when he was preparing the state for migration but his conspiracy was yet undiscovered. Orgetorix is spelled ORCHTIRIX, with the C for G and the H for E. Orgetorix was a wealthy aristocrat among the Helvetii , a Celtic speaking people residing in what is now Switzerland during the consulship of Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic . In 61 BC he convinced the Helvetians to attempt to migrate from Helvetian territory to south western Gaul modern day France . He was also party to a clandestine arrangement with Dumnorix of the Aedui and Casticus of the Sequani to seize control of their respective tribes by arms and between them rule most of Gaul. The conspiracy was denounced, Orgetorix was called to a hearing in chains before the government of the Helvetii, he arrived with a small army, and was released but died mysteriously, a rumored suicide. The Helvetians went on with their plans for migration but were defeated in 58 BC and returned by Julius Caesar. This incident was the beginning of the Gallic War in which Caesar subjugated Gaul. Etymology Julius Pokorny segments the name P orgeto rix, where the first element contains Gallic orge , kill, , related to Old Irish orcaid , kill, from the Indo European languages Indo European root per g , to hit. ref cite encyclopedia first Julius last Pokorny authorlink Julius Pokorny title per 3, per g pages 818 819 encyclopedia indogermanisches etymologisches woerterbuch year 2005 origyear 1959 location Leiden publisher Leiden University, the IEED project url http www.indoeuropean.nl cgi bin startq.cgi?flags endnnnl&root leiden&basename 5Cdata 5Cie 5Cpokorny ref The second element is manifestly Celtic r x , king warrior king, which does not imply that the owner of the name is necessarily a legal ruler. Although Orgetorix had aspirations in that direction, he was not one. Social position Empty secti ... more details
Infobox military conflict image Image Divico und Caesar.jpg 300px caption Julius Caesar and Divico parley after the battle at the Sa ne. Historic painting of the 19th century by Karl Jauslin . conflict Battle of Bibracte partof the Gallic Wars date 58 BC place Sa ne et Loire , France result Roman victory, Helvetii Surrender combatant1 Roman Republic combatant2 Mainly Helvetii , br Boii , br Tulingi , br Rauraci commander1 Julius Caesar commander2 Divico strength2 small according to Caesar small br 368,000 br 90,000 warriors br 278,000 non combatants strength1 6 Roman legions plus Auxiliaries Roman military auxiliaries casualties1 some 5,000 killed or wounded casualties2 238,000 killed or captured Campaignbox Gallic Wars The Battle of Bibracte was fought between the Helvetii and six Roman legions, under the command of Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar . It was the second major battle of the Gallic Wars . After following the migration of the Helvetii and defeating them, Caesar, around 20 June, moved towards Bibracte approximately 18 miles away from their camp to obtain the supplies promised by his allies, the Aedui . Informed by deserters of Lucius milius, commander of the cavalry, the Helvetii took this occasion to turn and harass Caesar s rear guard. When Caesar observed this, he sent his cavalry to delay the attack. He placed the Seventh Legio VII Claudia , Eighth Legio VIII Augusta , Ninth Legio IX Hispana , and Tenth legions Legio X Equestris , organized in Roman fashion triplex acies , at the foot of a nearby hill, the top of which he occupied himself, along with the Eleventh Legio XI Claudia and Twelfth Legio XII Fulminata Legions and all his auxiliaries. The baggage train was also assembled near the summit, where it could be guarded by the forces present there. After having driven off Caesar s cavalry and with their own baggage train secured, the Helvetii engaged In the seventh hour , approximately noon or one o clock. According to Caesar, his hill top battle ... more details
were the Aedui Bell.Gall. 1.3 , the Arverni Bell.Gall. 7.4 , or the Remi Bell.Gall. 2.3 . ref ... tribes, Casticus of the Sequani and Dumnorix of the Aedui , that each should accomplish a coup d etat ... the Jura Mountains , but bypassed the Provincia . After ravaging the lands of the Aedui tribe, who called ... should refuse. Caesar demanded hostages to be given to him and reparations to the Aedui and Allobroges ... that followed, the Helvetii prevailed over Caesar s Aedui allies under Dumnorix Dumnorix command, and continued ... by the Aedui on the instigations of Dumnorix , who had married Orgetorix Orgetorix daughter. A few ... , who seem to have built a new oppidum at Basel M nsterh gel upon their return. The Aedui were ... more details
problems arise surrounding a tribal conflict in Gaul. The Aedui allies of Rome are engaged in a power ... to oppress their enemy, the Aedui. But later the plan backfires as Ariovistus begins a violent takeover ... military action against Ariovistus for two reasons first, because the Aedui are allies of Rome, and second .... This help from the Remi proves useful, as well as help from the Aedui allies of Rome in the form ... noble of the Aedui . Dumnorix violently opposes being taken over to Britain, and flees back ... is distracted from the siege by betrayal from his Gallic allies the Aedui, led by Litaviccus ... war becomes more dangerous as the Aedui, Rome s longtime allies, revolt and try to induce other ... more details
merchants and some, particularly those that were governed by Republics such as the Aedui, Helvetii ... the Aedui tribe the executive held the title of Vergobret , a position much like a king, but its ... French dioceses prior to the French Revolution. class wikitable Tribe Capital Aedui Bibracte Allobroges ... more details
Image Rosmerta Autun.jpg thumb Relief from Autun depicting Rosmerta and Mercury about the Celtic goddess information about the character from the fictional Harry Potter series Madam Rosmerta In Gallo Roman religion , Rosmerta was a goddess of fertility and abundance, her attributes being those of plenty such as the cornucopia . Rosmerta is attested by statues, and by inscriptions. In Gaul she was often depicted with the List of Roman deities Roman god Mercury mythology Mercury as her consort, but is sometimes found independently. Iconography A relief from Autun ancient Augustodunum , the civitas capital of the Celtic Aedui , shows Rosmerta and Mercury seated together as a divine couple see above . She holds a cornucopia , with Mercury holding a patera at her left side. File Mercurius Rosmerta HistMusPfalz 3513.jpg left thumb Relief of Mercury and Rosmerta from Eisenberg in present day Rhineland Palatinate . A bas relief from Eisenberg see left ref Deyts, p. 119. ref shows the couple in the same relative positions, with Rosmerta securely identified by the inscription. ref AE 1905, No. 00058. ref Rosmerta holds a purse in her right hand and a patera in her left. In a pair of statues from Paris depicting the couple, Rosmerta holds a cornucopia and a basket of fruits. Rosmerta is shown by herself on a bronze statue from Fins d Annency, where she sits on a rock holding a purse and, unusually, also bears the wings of Mercury on her head. A stone bas relief from Arrondissement of Auxerre Escolives Sainte Camille ref Deyts, pp. 120 121. ref shows her bolding both a patera and a cornucopia. Inscriptions Image Rosmerta Cantismerta distribution.png right thumb 220px Map showing the location of inscriptions dedicated to Rosmerta in red , as well as to Cantismerta green and Atesmerta blue . Twenty seven inscriptions to Rosmerta are listed by Jufer and Luginb hl, ref Jufer and Luginb hl, p. 60. ref distributed in France, Germany and Luxembourg, corresponding mainly to the Roman p ... more details
Image Bibracte Deesses.jpg thumb Terracotta relief of the Matres , from Bibracte , city of the Aedui in Gaul The Matres Latin mothers ref name LINDOW224 Lindow 2001 224 . ref and Matrones Latin matrons ref name LINDOW224 were female deity deities venerated in North West Europe from the 1st to the 5th century AD. They are depicted on Votive deposit votive objects and altar s that bear images of goddess es, depicted almost entirely in groups of three, that feature inscriptions about half of which feature Celts Celtic names, and half of which feature Germanic peoples Germanic names , that were venerated in regions of Germania , Gaul Eastern Gaul , and upper Italy with a small distribution elsewhere that were occupied by the Roman army from the first to the fifth century AD. ref name SIMEK204 205 Information about the religious practices surrounding the Matres is limited to the stones on which their depictions and inscriptions are found, of which over 1,100 exist. ref name SIMEK204 205 Simek 2007 204 205 . ref The Germanic matres have been connected with the later Germanic d sir , valkyrie s, and norns attested largely in 13th century sources. ref name LINDOW224 File AUFAN1.jpg thumb The Aufanian Matronae detail from the Gallo Roman temple site at G rresburg , Nettersheim Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn Matres also appear on votive reliefs and inscriptions in other areas occupied by the Roman army, including southeast Gaul , as at Bibracte illustration in Spain and Portugal, where some twenty inscriptions are known, among them several ones which include local epithets like a dedication to the Matribus Gallaicis to the Galicia Spain Galician Mothers ref CIL II 2776. ref and also in the Ancient Rome Romano Celt ic culture of Pannonia , in the form of similar reliefs and inscriptions to Nutrices Augustae , the august Nurses found in Roman sites of Ptuj , Lower Styria . ref K. Wigand, Die Nutrices Augustae von Poeticio Jahreshrift sterreiches Arch ologisches Institut 18 1915 ... more details
Gaius Silius died 24 AD was a Roman Empire Roman general and politician who became Roman consul consul in 13 AD . Biography The son of Publius Silius Nerva , ref Ronald Syme, The Roman Revolution 1939 , pg. 435 ref Silius was elected consul in 13 AD, alongside Lucius Munatius Plancus. At the end of his tenure in office, he was appointed Legatus Augusti pro praetore imperial legate of Germania Superior , under the overall command of Germanicus , and was the officer in charge of the four upper Rhine legions which did not mutiny upon the death of the emperor Augustus . ref Christopher Burnand, Tacitus and the Principate From Augustus to Domitian 2011 , pg. 56 ref ref Pat Southern, The Roman army a social and institutional history 2007 , pg. 294 ref Once the mutiny was suppressed, Silius continued to serve loyally under Germanicus, participating in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest Germanicus campaign against the Germans Roman retaliation campaign from 14 16 AD against a Germanic alliance in the aftermath of the disaster at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest . His successes earned him an honorary Roman triumph triumph in 15 AD. ref Smith, pg. 823 ref In 16 AD, Germanicus sent Silius against the Chatti with 30,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry, defeating them in the process. ref Ludwig Heinrich Dyck, The Roman Barbarian Wars The Era of Roman Conquest 2011 , pg. 256 ref , after which Tiberius appointed him as a taxation auditor in Gaul . Dubious date January 2012 He continued in his role as governor of Upper Germany until 21 AD, ref Stephen Dando Collins, Blood of the Caesars how the murder of Germanicus led to the fall of Rome , 2008 , pg. 96 ref during which he put down a revolt in Gaul when a faction of Treveri , led by Julius Florus and allied with the Aedui Aeduan Julius Sacrovir , led a rebellion of Gaulish debtors against the Romans in 21 AD. ref Tacitus, Annales Annales III 40 42. ref With two legions Silius defeated Sacrovir s rebel forces numbering 40,000 twelve m ... more details
Infobox Military Conflict image caption conflict Siege of Avaricum partof the Gallic Wars date 52 BC place Gaul result Roman Republic Roman victory combatant1 Roman Republic combatant2 Bituriges , br Arverni commander1 Julius Caesar commander2 Vercingetorix strength1 strength2 casualties1 casualties2 Campaignbox Gallic Wars Avaricum was an oppidum in ancient Gaul , near what is now the city of Bourges . Avaricum, situated in the lands of the Bituriges , was the largest and best fortified town within their territory, situated on very fertile lands. The terrain favored the oppidum , as it was flanked by a river and marshland, with only a single narrow entrance. Siege of Avaricum Julius Caesar , after a series of victories at Vellaunodunum , Genabum , and Noviodunum Biturigum , had arrived at Avaricum in the winter of 52 BC , intent on denying its grain and steel to the rebellious Gauls. Vercingetorix , aware that he had already been bested three times, decided to change tactics. Calling together a council of the tribes in rebellion against Rome, he convinced them to adopt Fabian strategy , never offering combat with Caesar s forces, and denying them supplies. All the towns within range of Caesar s foraging parties were destroyed, the land stripped bare, and all grain removed or burned, in a scorched earth tactic. However, Avaricum was spared this fate since the Bituriges argued the town was impossible to take, and Vercingetorix agreed to make the town an exception. However, upon Caesar s appearance at the gates of Avaricum, Vercingetorix moved his army to a distance fifteen miles outside town, perfectly situated so Caesar could not leave without a battle, nor could he forage at will. To add to his woes, Caesar s allies, the Aedui and the Boii , were unable to supply him, the former because they had quietly joined Vercingetorix in his rebellion, the latter because they simply did not have any food to spare. The shortage of grain was so acute that the men ate meat, desp ... more details
Other persons Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus disambiguation Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus died 104 BC was consul of Ancient Rome Rome in 122 BC. He was the son of the Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus consul 162 BC Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus who was consul in 162 BC. ref name DGRBM Citation last Smith first William author link William Smith lexicographer contribution Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus 3 editor last Smith editor first William title Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology volume 1 pages 84 publisher Little, Brown and Company place Boston year 1867 contribution url http www.ancientlibrary.com smith bio 0093.html ref In the year of his consulship he was sent against the Allobroges in Gallia Transalpina , under the pretext that they had had received Rome s enemy, Teutomalius , king of the Salluvii , and had laid waste to the territory of Rome s allies, the Aedui . Rome s desire to create a secure land route to their provinces in Spain through Gaul was more likely its real reason for entering Gaul. He and Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus ref name OCD Citation last Badian first Ernst author link contribution Domitus Ahenobarbus, Gnaeus 2 editor last Hornblower editor first Simon title Oxford Classical Dictionary volume pages publisher Oxford University Press place Oxford year 1996 contribution url ref conquered the Allobroges and their ally, Bituitus , king of the Arverni , near Vindalium , at the confluence of the Sulga and Rhone , winning the battle mainly through terror caused by war elephant s. He erecting trophies to commemorate his victory, traveled on an elephant in procession through the province, and was honored with a Roman triumph triumph in 120 BC, ref Livy , Epit. 61 ref ref Florus , I.iii. 2 1.37 ref ref Strabo , 4.1.11 C185, 4.2.3 C191 Loeb II. p. 191, II. p. 219 ref ref Cicero , pro Font. 12, Brut. 26 ref ref Marcus Velleius Paterculus 2.10.2 ref ref name suet Suetonius , Nero 2, who confounds him with his son re ... more details
polities of central Gaul, the Aedui , claimed like the Romans to be of Trojan descent and were ... body, is meant. The most explicit claim of Trojan origin for the Aedui is made by Ammianus Marcellinus ... of the evidence, see D.C. Braund, The Aedui, Troy, and the Apocolocyntosis , Classical Quarterly ... more details
, ref Elections held by the Aedui are a major part of Caesar s narrative in Book 7 see 7.32 33 in particular ... Gallicum in Book 7, Caesar insists on his own goodwill toward the Aedui , despite their having ..., 2.2, 13.4 thrice Boii ,1.28.4 Aedui , 1.31.7 . The German king Ariovistus claims virtus for himself ... within the Aedui Aeduan sphere of influence see Moritasgus . Another Celtic word for badger, broccos ... more details
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