Use mdy dates date February 2011 Year dab 80 Year nav 80 M1 year in topic File Aeolipile illustration.JPG thumb Aeolipile NOTOC Year 80 Roman numerals LXXX was a leap year starting on Saturday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Domitianus or, less frequently, year 833 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 80 for this year has been used since the early medieval period , when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events onlyinclude By place Roman Empire Emperor Titus inaugurates the Colosseum with Inaugural games of the Flavian Amphitheatre 100 days of games . The earliest stage of Lullingstone Roman villa is built. The Roman conquest of Britain Roman occupation of Britain reaches the River Tyne Solway Firth frontier area. Gnaeus Julius Agricola creates a fleet for conquest of Caledonia , he finally proves that Britannia Roman province Britannia is an island. Legio II Adiutrix is stationed at Lindum Colonia modern Lincoln, Lincolnshire Lincoln . The city is an important settlement for retired Roman legionary Roman legionaries . The original Roman Pantheon, Rome Pantheon is destroyed in a fire, together with many other buildings. The Eifel Aqueduct is constructed to bring water convert 95 km mi abbr on from the Eifel region to Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensum modern Cologne . Asia Some 30,000 Asia n tribespeople human migration migrate from the steppes to the west with 40,000 horse s and 100,000 cattle , joining with Iran ian tribespeople and with Mongols from the Siberia n forests to form a group that will be known in Europe as the Huns . By topic Arts and sciences The aeolipile , the first steam engine , is described by Hero of Alexandria . Religion The Gospel of Luke and Acts of the Apostles are written approximate date . onlyinclude Births A vagho a , Indian poet approximate date Carpocrates , religious philosopher Deaths Vologases ... more details
portable engine steam aircraft steam ball aeolipile steam bath sauna steam brig steam bus steam cannon steam car steam crane steam donkey steam dummy dummy engine steam electric power plant fossil fuel power plant FFPP steam electrolysis high temperature electrolysis steam engine stationary steam engine steam explosion List of steam fairs steam fair steam generator Steam generator nuclear power steam hammer steam locomotive steam locomotive nomenclature steam locomotive production steam locomotives of British Railways Steam Locomotives of Ireland steam power during the Industrial Revolution steam railroad steam reforming steam rupture steam shovel steam sterilizer autoclave steam tank vehicle steam tractor steam train &ndash see steam locomotive steam tricycle steam turbine steam turbine locomotive steamboat steamroller steam whistle traction engine See also Portal Energy List of environment topics Category Steam road vehicles DEFAULTSORT Index Of Steam Energy Articles Category Steam power Category Indexes of topics Steam energy topics Index footer ... more details
Image Segner turbine.svg thumb right 300px Segner wheel A water inlet, B vertical tube with rotor, C rotor with nozzle s side view , D rotor with nozzles top view , E hole in the ground, F Belt mechanical belt pulley transmission, G powered device Segner wheel or Segner turbine is a type of water turbine invented by J n Andrej Segner in the 18th century. ref http www.memagazine.org backissues membersonly feb04 features prachero prachero.html F. Leyman, A practical hero, Mechanical Engineering, Magazine Online ref It uses the same principle as Hero of Alexandria Hero s aeolipile . The device is placed in a suitable hole in the ground or at the slope of a hill . The water is delivered to a top of a vertical Cylinder geometry cylinder at the bottom of which there is a rotor with specially bent pipes with nozzle s see image . Due to the hydrostatic pressure the water is ejected from the nozzles causing the rotation of the rotor. The useful torque is transferred to a powered device through a Belt mechanical belt and pulley system. Nowadays the Segner wheel principle is used in irrigation sprinkler s. References references External links Wikisource1911Enc Barker s Mill http physics.kenyon.edu EarlyApparatus Fluids Barkers Mill Barkers Mill.html Barker s Mill at physics.kenyon.edu DEFAULTSORT Segner Wheel Category Water turbines Category Hungarian inventions Mech engineering stub hr Segnerovo kolo pl Ko o Segnera ru ... more details
engine steam powered device called an aeolipile hence sometimes called a Hero engine . Among his ... and achievements Image Aeolipile illustration.JPG thumb right 100px Heron s Aeolipile Hero described construction of the aeolipile a version of which is known as Hero s engine which was a rocket engine rocket like reaction engine and the first recorded steam engine although Vitruvius mentioned the aeolipile ... 23 ref Some historians have conflated the two inventions to assert that the aeolipile was capable ... url doi id isbn 0 415 26931 8 quote Among the devices credited to Hero are the aeolipile, a working .... A 1979 Soviet animated short film focuses on Heron s invention of the aeolipile , showing him ... more details
A scientific demonstration is a scientific experiment carried out for the purposes of demonstrating scientific principles, rather than for hypothesis testing or knowledge gathering although they may originally have been carried out for these purposes . Many scientific demonstrations are chosen for their combination of educational merit and entertainment value, which is often provided by dramatic phenomena such as explosions. Some famous scientific demonstrations include Ab Rayh n al B r n Al Biruni s reaction time Ibn al Haytham Alhazen s camera obscura , Oil lamp lamp experiment and magnifying lens Al Jazari s crankshaft , elephant clock and programmable robot s Ibn Zuhr Avenzoar s parasite s Detonation Detonating a cloud of flour Foucault pendulum Foucault s pendulum Galileo Galilei s ball experiments, pendulum and telescope Heron s fountain and aeolipile Ibn al Nafis pulmonary circulation and coronary circulation Gyroscope Gyroscopic bicycle wheel Prince Rupert s Drop s Shooting a candle through a plank Taqi al Din Muhammad ibn Ma ruf Taqi al Din s alarm clock , steam turbine Using a linear motor as a gun Using compressed air to drive a water rocket Using liquid nitrogen to shatter a rose William Harvey s circulatory system Note many scientific demonstrations are potentially dangerous, and should not be attempted without considerable laboratory experience and appropriate safety precautions. Many older well known scientific demonstrations, once mainstays of science education, are now effectively impossible to demonstrate to an audience without breaking health and safety laws. Some older demonstrations, such as allowing the audience to play with liquid mercury, are sufficiently dangerous that they should not be attempted by anyone under any circumstances. See also Technology demonstration Sci stub Category Science education sv Vetenskaplig demonstration ... more details
Timeline of Electric motor motor and engine technology c. 30 70 AD Hero of Alexandria describes the first documented steam powered device, the aeolipile . 1698 Thomas Savery builds a steam powered water pump for pumping water out of mines. 1712 Thomas Newcomen builds a Newcomen steam engine piston and cylinder steam powered water pump for pumping water out of mines. 1769 James Watt patents his first improved steam engine . 1806 Fran ois Isaac de Rivaz invented a de Rivaz engine hydrogen powered engine , the first successful internal combustion engine . 1807 Nic phore Ni pce and his brother Claude build a fluid piston internal combustion engine, the Pyr olophore and use it to power a boat up the River Saone . 1816 Robert Stirling invented his hot air Stirling engine , and what we now call a regenerator . 1821 Michael Faraday builds an electric motor electricity powered motor . 1824 Nicolas L onard Sadi Carnot first publishes that the efficiency of a heat engine depends on the temperature difference between an engine and its environment. 1837 First American patent for an electric motor US patent 132 . 1850 The first explicit statement of the first law of thermodynamics first and second law of thermodynamics , given by Rudolf Clausius . 1877 Nikolaus Otto patents a four stroke internal combustion engine US patent 194047 . 1882 James Atkinson inventor James Atkinson invents the Atkinson cycle engine, now common in some hybrid vehicles. 1885 Gottlieb Daimler patents the first supercharger . 1888 Nikola Tesla patents the induction motor US patent 381968 . 1892 Rudolf Diesel patents the Diesel engine US patent 608845 . 1899 Ferdinand Porsche creates the first hybrid vehicle . 1905 Alfred B chi patents the turbocharger . 1913 Ren Lorin invents the ramjet . 1915 Leonard Dyer invents a six stroke engine , now known as the Crower six stroke Crower six stroke engine named after his reinventor Bruce Crower. 1929 Felix Wankel patents the Wankel engine Wankel rotary engine US pat ... more details
. Precursors Early uses of steam power See also Aeolipile Steam jack Image Aeolipile illustration.JPG thumb 150px right Aeolipile . The earliest known rudimentary steam engine and reaction steam turbine , the aeolipile , is described by a Greek mathematician and engineer named Hero of Alexandria ... the two inventions to assert, incorrectly, that the aeolipile was capable of useful work. According ... more details
Image Heron s Fountain.png thumb right Heron s fountain is a hydraulic machine invented by the 1st century inventor, mathematician, and physicist Heron, also known as Hero of Alexandria . Heron studied the Air pressure pressure of air and steam, described the Aeolipile first steam engine , and built toys that would spurt water, one of them known as Heron s fountain. Various versions of Heron s Fountain are used today in physics classes as a demonstration of principles of hydraulics and pneumatics . Construction Heron s fountain is built as follows Start with a basin, open to the air. Run a pipe from a hole in the bottom of that basin to an airtight air supply container. Glass flasks are shown here, and serve the purpose well. Cans with airtight lids may also be used. The air supply container stands significantly below the basin. Run another pipe from the top of that container up to the top of the airtight fountain supply container, which is filled with water. From the fountain supply container, have a pipe that reaches nearly to the bottom of the container, through the top up to the spout of the fountain. A refinement is to have the spout coming up through the centre of the basin, and the containers may be concealed in a column supporting the basin, as long as the air supply container is lower than the fountain supply container. Fill the basin with water. The water from the basin flows by gravity into the air supply container. It fills the container, displacing the air. The air flows into the fountain supply container, displacing the water, which shoots out higher than the original basin . The flow will stop when the water supply container is empty i.e. when the water level drops below the lower end of the outlet pipe . Motion Image Heron s fountain.png thumb right Heron s fountain is not a perpetual motion machine . ref http physics.kenyon.edu EarlyApparatus Fluids Heros Fountain Heros Fountain.html Hero s Fountain , physics.kenyon.edu ref If the nozzle of the spou ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 This article gives a concise timeline of rocket and missile technology . 1st Century 1st century CE aeolipile steam rocket on a bearing 13th Century 13th century CE Rockets and fireworks evolved with use in weaponry in China. 15th Century 1448 During the era of Sejong the Great , the 4th King of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea, Koreans invented the World s first gunpowdered multi missile launchers called Singijeon or Hwacha . 17th Century 1650 Artis Magnae Artilleriae pars prima Great Art of Artillery, the First Part is printed in Amsterdam, about a year before the death of its author, Kazimierz Siemienowicz . 18th century 1798 Tipu Sultan , the King of the state of Mysore in India, develops and uses iron rockets against the British Army. 19th century 1803 The British Army develops the Congreve rocket based on weapons used against them by Tipu Sultan . 1806 Claude Ruggieri an italian living in France launched animals on rockets, and recovered them using parachutes. He was prevented from launching a child by police. His rockets were capable of launching rams. ref http history.msfc.nasa.gov rocketry 14.html ref 1813 A Treatise on the Motion of Rockets by William Moore British mathematician William Moore first appearance of the rocket equation 1865 Jules Verne publishes From the Earth to the Moon as a humorous science fantasy story about a space gun launching a manned spacecraft equipped with rockets for landing on the Moon, but eventually used for another orbital maneuver . 20th century 1903 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky begins a series of papers discussing the use of rocket ry to reach outer space, space suit s, and colonization of the solar system . Two key points discussed in his works are liquid fuel s and staging rocketry staging . 1922 Hermann Oberth publishes Die Rakete zu den Planetenr umen By Rocket into Planetary Space . 1926 Robert Goddard scientist Robert Goddard launches the first liquid fuel rocket. 1927 Verein f r Raumschiffahrt VfR S ... more details
A Feynman sprinkler , also referred to as a Feynman inverse sprinkler or as a reverse sprinkler , is a irrigation sprinkler sprinkler like device which is submerged in a tank and made to suck in the surrounding fluid . The question of how such a device would turn was the subject of an intense and remarkably long lived debate. A regular sprinkler has nozzle s arranged at angles on a freely rotating wheel such that when water is pumped out of them, the resulting jet fluid jets cause the wheel to rotate both a Catherine wheel firework Catherine wheel and the aeolipile Hero engine work on the same principle. A reverse or inverse sprinkler would operate by aspirating the surrounding fluid instead. The problem is now commonly associated with theoretical physics physicist Richard Feynman , who mentions it in his popular autobiography autobiographical book Surely You re Joking, Mr. Feynman . The problem did not originate with Feynman, nor did he publish a solution to it. History File Reaction wheel.pdf thumb 250px Illustration 153a from Ernst Mach s Mechanik 1883 . When the hollow rubber ball is squeezed, air flows in the direction of the short arrows and the wheel turns in the direction of the long arrow. When the rubber ball is released, the direction of the flow of the air is reversed but Mach observed no distinct rotation of the device. The first documented treatment of the problem is in Ch. III, sec. III of Ernst Mach s textbook The Science of Mechanics , first published in 1883. ref name Mach1 Ernst Mach, http echo.mpiwg berlin.mpg.de ECHOdocuViewfull?mode imagepath&url mpiwg online permanent einstein exhibition sources Q179XRYG pageimg&viewMode images Die Mechanik in Ihrer Entwicklung Historisch Kritisch Dargerstellt , Leipzig Brockhaus, 1883 . Available in English as http books.google.com books?id IgYADjGcJcAC&pg PA299 The Science of Mechanics A Critical and Historical Account of its Development , Chicago Open Court, 1919 , 4th ed., pp. 299 301. ref There, Mach argu ... more details
Other uses Aeolipile Hero s engine COI date October 2011 Infobox software name HeroEngine logo File HeroEngine Logo.png HeroEngine Logo screenshot File Heroblade.png Heroblade caption collapsible author developer Simutronics Idea Fabrik released latest release version 1.47.2 latest release date September 19, 2011 latest preview version latest preview date frequently updated programming language C , HeroScript Language HSL platform Microsoft Windows size language status Production genre Game engine license Proprietary website http www.heroengine.com HeroEngine is a game engine 3D game engine and server technology platform originally developed by Simutronics Simutronics Corporation specifically for building Massively multiplayer online game MMO style games. At first developed for the company s own game Hero s Journey video game Hero s Journey , the engine won multiple awards at tradeshows, and has since been licensed by other companies such as BioWare BioWare Austin which is using it for Star Wars The Old Republic ref cite web url http www.mmorpg.com gamelist.cfm game 367 feature 2355 Updates from Around the Web title Star Wars The Old Republic Updates from Around the Web author Jon Wood accessdate 2008 10 23 date 2008 10 22 ref and Stray Bullet Games for an as yet unnamed project . On June 12, 2010, Idea Fabrik announced that it had purchased the HeroEngine and HeroCloud game development technologies as well as hired the staff of Simutronics that was associated with the development and support of HeroEngine HeroCloud . ref cite web url http ideafabrik.com 2010 06 idea fabrik plc purchases heroengine technologies publisher Idea Fabrik PLC title Idea Fabrik PLC press release accessdate 2011 08 11 ref Features The engine has online creation . For example, one developer can be creating a house and the entities inside, while another works on the landscaping and terrain around it. Each sees the other s work in real time. ref cite web url http www.warcry.com articles view previews ... more details
Main History of the steam engine File Aeolipile illustration.JPG thumb upright 0.8 Alt Line ... the two uprights, which are hollow and let steam flow into the interior of the sphere. An aeolipile ... Engine.ogg thumb The Aeolipile is propelled by the two opposing jet streams off focus The history ... engine being the aeolipile described by Greek mathematics Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria ... applications by steam turbines. Rocket type Main Steam rocket The aeolipile represents the use ... more details
See Timeline of jet power Lead too short date December 2010 More footnotes date December 2010 The jet engine has a long history, from early steam devices in the 2nd century BCE to the modern turbofans and scramjets . Precursors Jet engines can be dated back to the invention of the aeolipile around 150 BCE. This device used steam power directed through two nozzles so as to cause a sphere to spin rapidly on its axis. ref name buck http www.facstaff.bucknell.edu mvigeant therm 1 je2 history.htm The History of the Jet Engine . Retrieved 29 June 2010. ref So far as is known, it was not used for supplying mechanical power, and the potential practical applications of this invention were not recognized. It was simply considered a curiosity. Jet propulsion only literally and figuratively took off with the invention of the rocket by the Chinese in the 13th century fireworks but gradually progressed to propel formidable weaponry and there the technology stalled for hundreds of years. Archytas , the founder of mathematical mechanics, as described in the writings of Aulus Gellius five centuries after him, was reputed to have designed and built the first artificial, self propelled flying device. This device was a bird shaped model propelled by a jet of what was probably steam, said to have actually flown some 200 meters. Ottoman Lagari Hasan elebi is said to have taken off in 1633 with what was described to be a cone shaped rocket and then to have glided with wings into a successful landing, winning a position in the Ottoman army . However, this was essentially a stunt. The problem was that rockets are simply too inefficient at low speeds to be useful for general aviation. The earliest attempts at airbreathing jet engines were hybrid designs in which an external power source first compressed air, which was then mixed with fuel and burned for jet thrust. In one such system, called a thermojet by Secondo Campini but more commonly, motorjet , the air was compressed by a fan driven ... more details
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