Aerarium from Latin aes , in its derived sense of money was the name in full, aerarium stabulum treasure house given in Ancient Rome to the Treasury public treasury , and in a secondary sense to the public finances. The treasury contained the monies and accounts of the state Roman finance finances . It also held the standards of the Roman legion legion s the public laws engraved on brass, the decrees of the Roman Senate Senate and other papers and registers of importance. These public treasures were deposited in the temple of Saturn at the Forum Romanum , on the eastern slope of the Capitoline Hill . During the Roman Republic republic , they were in the charge of the urban quaestor s, under the supervision and control of the Senate. This arrangement continued except for the year 43 BC , when no quaestors were chosen until 28 BC , when Augustus transferred the aerarium to two praefecti aerarii, chosen annually by the Senate from ex praetor s. In 23 these were replaced by two praetors praetores aerarii or ad aerarium , selected by lot during their term of office. Claudius in 44 restored the quaestors, but had them nominated by the emperor for three years. In 56 , Nero substituted two ex praetors selected under the same conditions. In addition to the common treasury, supported by the general ... of Saturn, the aerarium s sanctum or sanctius . This fund probably originally consisted of the spoils ... the nominal management of the aerarium, while the emperor had a separate exchequer, called fiscus . However ..., Augustus also established in Anno Domini AD 6 a military treasury aerarium militare , containing ... of praetorian rank, for three years. The later emperors had a separate aerarium privatum, containing ... secondary SMIGRA Aerarium.html Aerarium article in Smith s Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities ... ca Erari de Aerarium es Aerarium fr rarium it Erario hu Aerarium pl Aerarium pt Er rio fi Aerarium sv Aerarium tr Aerarium ... more details
Aerary is a room in a building that was used to contain something precious, such as treasure. An example is the aerary porch in St George s Chapel at Windsor Castle St. George s Chapel at Windsor Castle , which was built in 1353 1354 . It was used as the entrance to a new college being established there by Edward III . References http www.stgeorges windsor.org tour tour aerary.asp St. George s Chapel website Category Rooms room stub la Aerarium ... more details
unreferenced date October 2006 The rationalis was the Roman Empire s chief financial minister prior to the reforms of Emperor Diocletian and the Late Empire. Among the tasks of the rationalis were the collection of all normal taxes payable in coin and duties, the control of the currency, and the administration of mines, mints, imperial arsenals and worked closely with the magister rei privatae manager of imperial estates and city properties until about 350, when the res privatae gained autonomy. After the reforms of Diocletian and Constantine the Great , the rationalis was succeeded by the comes sacrarum largitionum . As a comes count , he was a member of the consistorium imperial consistory . See also Aerarium Congiarium fiscus rationibus Roman finance Category Ancient Roman titles Category Economy of ancient Rome Ancient Rome stub de Rationalis lt Racionalis sh Rationalis ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 A rationibus was the Roman Empire s secretary of finance, in charge of maintaining the accounts and expenditures of the fiscus which is the imperial treasury. This official s role in the Roman finance finances of the Early Empire was considerable. The office was originally held by a freedman, but from the 2nd century AD and the reign of Hadrian , Equites Equestrians Equites assumed total control after the reputation of freedman declined due to corruption. The rationibus was rendered unnecessary by the comes sacrarum largitionum master of the sacred largess of the 4th century AD. See also Aerarium comes Congiarium fiscus rationalis Roman finance Category Roman Empire Category Economy of ancient Rome Category Economic history of Italy Ancient Rome stub Econ stub Job stub de A rationibus lt Racionibas ... more details
of the emperor or his often used right to transfer funds back and forth regularly from the aerarium ... aerarium , the result of the combination of the aerarium and the fiscus . The comes sacrarum largitionum ... lands and territories. See also Agentes in rebus Aerarium Comes Congiarium Donativum Fiscus Rationalis ... more details
Fiscus, from which comes the English term fiscal , was the name of the personal treasury of the emperors of Rome. The word is literally translated as basket or purse and was used to describe those forms of revenue collected from the Roman province provinces specifically the imperial province s , which were then granted to the emperor. Its existence pointed to the division of power in the early era of the Empire between the imperial court and the Senate. In subsequent years, as the emperors assumed greater control over the finances of the Roman world, the size of the fiscus was increased. Juvenal satirized the entire treasury by writing that a turbot of great size caught in the Adriatic had to be sent to Rome as part of Domitian s fiscus . The head of the fiscus in the first years was the rationalis , originally a freedman due to Augustus desire to place the office in the hands of a servant free of the class demands of the traditional society. In succeeding years the corruption and reputation of the freedman forced new and more reliable administrators. From the time of Hadrian 117 138 , any rationalis hailed from the Equestrian Order equites and remained so through the chaos of the 3rd century and into the age of Diocletian . See also Aerarium comes Congiarium Fiscus Iudaicus rationibus rationalis Roman finance External links http penelope.uchicago.edu Thayer E Roman Texts secondary SMIGRA Fiscus.html Fiscus , article in Smith s Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities Category Roman Empire Category Economy of ancient Rome Category Economic history of Italy Category Fiscal policy tax stub Ancient Rome stub bg de Fiscus es Fiscus fr Fiscus it Fisco lt Fiskas pt Fisco ru ... more details
Aerarii from Lat. aes, in its subsidiary sense of poll tax was a class of Ancient Rome Roman citizens not included in the thirty tribes of Servius Tullius , and subject to a poll tax arbitrarily fixed by the censor. They were The inhabitants of conquered towns which had been deprived of local self government, who possessed the jus conubii and jus commercii , but no political rights. Caere is said to have been the first example of this 353 B.C. . Hence the expression in tabulas Caeritum referre came to mean to degrade to the status of an aerarius Full citizens subjected to civil degradation infamia as the result of following certain professions e.g. actor acting , of dishonourable acts in private life e.g. bigamy or of conviction for certain crimes Persons branded by the censor. Those who were thus excluded from the tribes and centuries had no vote, were incapable of filling Roman magistracies and could not serve in the army. According to Mommsen , the aerarii were originally the non assidui non holders of land , excluded from the tribes, the comitia and the army. By a reform of the censor Appius Claudius in 312 B.C. these non assidui were admitted into the tribes, and the aerarii as such disappeared. But in 304, Fabius Rullianus limited them to the four city tribes, and from that time the term meant a man degraded from a higher country to a lower city tribe, but not deprived of the right of voting or of serving in the army. The expressions tribu movere and aerarium facere, regarded by Mommsen as identical in meaning to degrade from a higher tribe to a lower , are explained by A. H. J. Greenidge the first as relegation from a higher to a lower tribe or total exclusion from the tribes, the second as exclusion from the centuries. Other views of the original aerarii are that they were artisans and freedmen Niebuhr inhabitants of towns united with Rome by a hos pitium publicum, who had become domiciled on Roman territory Lange only a class of degraded citizens, including ... more details
Image Gazophylacium.jpg thumb Gazophylacium Image Gazophylacium MGZ 300109.jpg thumb Belostenec s Gazophylacium at the Zagreb City Museum Ivan Belostenec Born in Vara din , ca.1594 Lepoglava , died February 2, 1675 was a Croatia n linguistics linguist and lexicographer . Life In 1616. he joined the Paulists . He studied philosophy in Vienna and theology in Rome . Belostenec was a prior of Pauline monasteries in Lepoglava , Svetice at Ozalj and Sveta Jelena at akovec , and also a visitator lat. in Istria . Accomplishments Belostenec wrote poems which are lost and sermons Ten Commandments About The Eucharist , 1672. . His main work was a bilingual dictionary Gazophylacium, seu Latino illyiricorum onomatum aerarium Gazophylacium or Illyrian Latin treasury of words the other copy of the book has the name Gazophylacium illyrico latinum . The work remained unfinished. Except for its richness of words, about 40,000 words at 2,000 pages of text Gazophylacium is also important for its trilingual concept kajkavian chakavian shtokavian characteristic for the members of the Ozalj literary linguistic circle. Gazophylacium was finished and prepared for publication by two Paulists Jerolim Orlovi and Andrija Mu ar, it was published in Zagreb 1740. References http www.moderna vremena.hr vrem ibelostenec.asp Ivan Belostenec hr icon Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Belostenec, Ivan ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1594 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1675 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Belostenec, Ivan Category 1594 births Category 1675 deaths Category People from Vara din Category Croatian writers Category Croatian linguists Category Croatian lexicographers Category Croatian Roman Catholic priests hr Ivan Belostenec ... more details
The Lex Junia Licinia or Lex Junia et Licinia was an ancient Roman law produced in 62 BC that confirmed the similar Lex Caecilia Didia of 98 BC. ref Cicero , Philippics 5.8, Pro Sextio 64, In Vatinium 14, Ad Atticum 2.9.1 and 4.16.5 Bobbio Scholiast 140 Thomas Stangl Stangl . ref The Lex Junia Licinia was a consular law of Decimus Junius Silanus Consul 62 BC Decimus Junius Silanus and Lucius Licinius Murena enacted during their Roman consul consulship . This new law additionally served to protect the Legislative Assemblies of the Roman Republic people s assembly from being tricked into passing laws containing hidden unrelated items that may have been misconstrued or unethical . These dubious proposals otherwise would not pass on their own merit, and so were a Rider legislation rider . This additional law by Murena put more enforcement to the original Didian law with greater punishment for not complying. ref name adam Adam, p. 181 ref It also enacted ne clam aerario legem inferri liceret , meaning that a copy of any proposed statute must be deposited before witnesses at the aerarium before it was brought to the comitia for final approval and made law. The reasoning behind this was to prevent forgery. It was to have a public open notification period of 3 nundinae 17 days market days or three Roman eight day weeks or 24 days . This was to put any new proposed law into formal public announcement before passing. ref Cicero, Note V p. 429. See also rogatio . ref See also Christmas tree bill List of Roman laws Omnibus bill Roman Law Notes reflist References Adam, Alexander, Roman antiquities or, An account of the manners and customs of the Romans , 1835 edition 12 Cicero , Marcus Tullius, The correspondence of M. Tullius Cicero , Volume 1, Edition 2 1885 Google Books Category Roman law pt Lei J nia Lic nia ru Lex Caecilia Didia ... more details
aerarium , ref http abacus.bates.edu mimber Rciv caspolsat.htm Site for course on Temples of Castor ..., the aerarium was moved to another building, and the archives transferred to the nearby Tabularium ... more details
and a clue found on top of the Arch of Severus, the player can enter the Aerarium underneath the temple. The player can then use a key found in the Aerarium to enter the temple itself. Inside the temple ... more details
asked by private citizens. ref name Abbott, 349 Abbott, 349 ref Under the republic, the aerarium ... senate retained control over the aerarium Saturni , this control declined over time. ref name ... would always control, called the fiscus Caesaris and the aerarium militare . The fiscus Caesaris replaced the aerarium Saturni , and thus became the principle treasury in Rome. ref name Abbott, 352 Abbott, 352 ref The aerarium militare was of minor importance, and its only significant function ... over the treasury in Rome aerarium Saturni , which functioned as a depository for both state funds ... more details
Roman government In ancient Rome , the scriba Latin , plural scribae ref The Latin word scriba , like poeta poet and nauta sailor , is a first declension noun of grammatical gender masculine gender . ref was a public notary or clerk see also scrivener . The public scribes were the highest in rank of the four prestigious occupational grades decuriae among the Apparitor apparitores , the attendants of the Roman magistrates magistrates who were paid from the aerarium state treasury . ref The others are the lictores , lictor s viatores , messengers or summoners, that is, agents on official errands and praecones , announcers or heralds. See Marietta Horster, Living on Religion Professionals and Personnel, in A Companion to Roman Religion Blackwell, 2007 , p. 334 Daniel Peretz, The Roman Interpreter and His Diplomatic and Military Roles, Historia 55 2006 , p. 452. ref The word scriba might also refer to a man who was a private secretary, but should be distinguished from a copyist who might be called a scribe in English or bookseller librarius . ref Peter White, Bookshops in the Literary Culture of Rome, in Ancient Literacies The Culture of Reading in Ancient Greece and Rome Oxford University Press, 2009 , p. 269, note 4. ref In Rome the scribae worked out of the aerarium , the state treasury and government archive. They received a good salary, but could earn additional commissions for collecting and recording state revenues, and making official copies of government documents and decrees. The Roman posting was such a lucrative assignment that the scribae worked in rotations, serving one year in Rome and two in the Roman province provinces . Those who became scribes might be freedmen freedmen libertini and their sons literary or educated men advanced to the job through Patronage in ancient Rome patronage or even men of the equestrian order . ref David Armstrong, Horace Yale University Press, 1989 , p. 18. ref Among the scribe s duties was the recording of sworn oaths on pub ... more details
Gnaeus Iulius Verus was Roman Empire Roman general and senator of the mid 2nd century AD, eventually becoming governor of Britain. Verus came from Aequum in Dalmatia, probably the son of Sextus Julius Severus consul 127 , born in 112. He served as tribune in the legio X Fretensis when his father was governor of Judaea in 132 5. The he served as monetalis , quaestor Augusti , and was co opted as an augur all suggest that he was marked out at an early career for a prominent career. He was the legatus of the Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix in Germania Inferior in the 140s, then prefect or the aerarium Saturni . He was consul in 151. In 154 Verus was sent to Roman Britain Britain as governor, a position that he held until at least 158. His dispatch to Britain with troops from Germany was probably meant to put down a revolt there, or at least to reinforce the remnants of the troops who had done so. The revolt had been led by the Brigantes tribe and had resulted in the abandonment of the Antonine Wall and a possible slaughter at the fort at Newstead . Verus stripped the Brigantes of much of their territory, possibly in order to provide land to build a new civitas , or to be donated to the emperor. He was replaced in 158. Bibliography cite book last Birley first A.J. authorlink coauthors title The Fasti of Roman Britain publisher Clarendon Press date 1981 location Oxford and New York pages 118 121 url doi id sequence prev Unknown, previously Gnaeus Papirius Aelianus next Longinus Roman governor Longinus list Roman governors of Britain Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Verus, Gnaeus Julius ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Verus, Gnaeus Julius Category Roman governors of Britain Iulius Verus, Gnaeus Category Roman augurs Category 2nd century Romans Category 2nd century clergy Category Roman governors of Germania Inferior Ancient Rome bio stub Euro mil bio stub bg ... more details
Campaignbox Second Mithridatic War Campaignbox Third Mithridatic War Lucius Licinius Murena was Roman consul in 62 BC. His father had the same name. At the end of the First Mithridatic War , he was left in Asia by Sulla in command of the two legions formerly controlled by Gaius Flavius Fimbria . Sulla had left Mithridates in control of his kingdom of Pontus , but Murena made a pre emptive strike against what he alleged was re armament by Mithridates, invading Pontus and thus triggering the Second Mithridatic War . After his forces lost a minor battle to Mithridates in 81, Murena retreated back to his province to regroup. Sulla then ordered for peace to be restored. In the following Third Mithridatic War , he was for several years legatus legate of Lucius Licinius Lucullus , in command of a legion. In 65 BC he was praetor and made himself popular by the magnificence of the games provided by him. As administrator of Transalpine Gaul after his praetorship he gained the goodwill of both provincials and Romans by his impartiality. In 62 BC he was elected consul, but before entering upon office he was accused of bribery by Servius Sulpicius, an unsuccessful competitor, supported by Cato the younger Marcus Porcius Cato the younger and Servius Sulpicius Rufus , a famous jurist and son of the accuser. Murena was defended by Marcus Licinius Crassus afterwards triumvir , Quintus Hortensius and Cicero Pro Murena , and acquitted, although it seems probable that he was guilty. During his consulship he passed a law lex Junia Licinia which enforced more strictly the provision of the lex Caecilia Didia that laws should be promulgated three nundinae before they were proposed to the comitia , and further enacted that, in order to prevent forgery, a copy of every proposed statute should be deposited before witnesses in the aerarium . ref Cicero, The correspondence of M. Tullius Cicero , Note V p. 429. See also rogatio . ref Footnotes reflist References Cicero , The correspondence of M. ... more details
Gnaeus Flavius wikt floruit fl. 4th century BC was the son of a freedman libertinus and rose to the office of aedile in the Roman Republic . ref T.R.S. Broughton , The Magistrates of the Roman Republic American Philological Association, 1951, 1986 , vol. 1, pp. 166 168. ref Flavius was secretary scriba ancient Rome scriba to the Roman consul consul Appius Claudius Caecus Appius Claudius , a civil service job paid from the aerarium public treasury . The position allowed him to gain a thorough knowledge of Roman law , which had traditionally been a prerogative of the elite. He became the first person to publish an account of legal procedures actions in law or legis actiones . As a result of his high profile, he was elected aedile for 304 BC, one of two Roman magistrates magistrates responsible for the maintenance of public buildings, purchase of grain, and regulation of festivals, despite the fact that at the time the sons of freedmen were also regarded merely as libertini . His election shocked the traditional governing elite into enacting voter registration reforms designed to curtail the growing voting power of freedmen in Rome. ref Gary Forsythe, A Critical History of Early Rome From Prehistory to the First Punic War University of California Press, 2005 , p. 319. ref As aedile, Flavius also displayed in the Roman Forum Forum a calendar indicating the fasti dies fasti , those days on which legal business was permitted. ref http penelope.uchicago.edu grout encyclopaedia romana miscellanea zed.html Univ. Chicago, Encyclopaedia Romana ref References references Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Flavius, Gnaeus ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Flavius, Gnaeus Category Ancient Roman jurists Category 4th century BC Romans Category Republican era slaves and freedmen Ancient Rome bio stub bg ca Gneu Flavi de Gnaeus Flavius es Cneo Flavio fr Cneus Flavius it Gneo Flavio nl ... more details
Politics of Ancient Rome A senatus consultum Latin decree of the senate plural senatus consulta is a text emanating from the senate in Ancient Rome . It is used in the modern phrase senatus consultum ultimum . Translated into French as s natus consulte , the term was also used during the French Consulate , First French Empire and Second French Empire . Republic In the case of the ancient Roman Senate under the Roman Republic , it was simply an opinion expressed by the senate, such as the Senatusconsultum Macedonianum or the Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus . Under the Republic, it referred to a text promulgated by the senate on planned laws presented to the senate by a Roman consul consul or praetor . Officially these consulta were merely advice given to the Republic s magistrates, but in practice magistrates often followed them to the letter. ref name B44 Robert Byrd Byrd , 44 ref Despite only being an opinion, it was considered obligatory to have one before submitting the decision to a vote and moreover a hostile consultum from the senate almost systematically provoked the new law s abandonment or modification. If a consultum conflicted with a law promulgated by one of the Republic s legislative assemblies, the law took on a priority status and overrode the consultum ref Polybius, History , VI.4 ref . All proposed motions could be blocked by a veto from a tribune of the plebs or an intercessio by one of the executive magistrates. Each motion blocked by a veto was registered in the annals as senatus auctoritas will of the senate . Each ratified motion finally became a senatus consultum . Each senatus auctoritas and each senatus consultum was transcribed in a document by the president, which was then deposited in the Aerarium . ref name B44 Empire Under the Roman Empire , the Roman legislative assemblies were rapidly neutralised. Realising these assemblies were very corrupt and dysfunctional, the first emperors transferred all legislative powers to the senate. Aft ... more details
This is a list of Croatian language Croatian dictionary dictionaries published before the 20th century. 16th, 17th and 18th century 1595 &ndash Faust Vran i , Dictionarium quinque nobilissimarum Europae linguarum Latinae, Italicae, Germanicae, Dalmaticae et Ungaricae the first Croatian printed dictionary in the form of a separate work . 1599 &ndash Bartol Ka i , Razlika skladanja slovinska Various Slavic compositions a Croatian&ndash Italian language Italian manuscript dictionary . 1649 &ndash Jakov Mikalja , Blago jezika slovinskoga Treasury of the Slavic language containing selected words in an idiom in which Chakavian akavian characteristics are grafted upon the main corpus of Ijekavian Shtokavian tokavian and Ikavian texts . 1670 &ndash Juraj Habdeli , Dictionar ili rechi slovenske z vexega ukup ebrane Dictionary of Kajkavian words brought together . Pavao Ritter Vitezovi , Lexicon Latino Illyricum a manuscript dictionary in which the author carried out in practice his views on the language and spelling . 1728 &ndash Ardelio della Bella, Dizionario Italiano&ndash Latino&ndash Illirico mainly based on Ragusan Republic Ragusan literary sources, but also includes akavian sources supplemented by a short grammar of the Croatian language . Adam Pata i , Dictionarium latino illyricum et germanicum manuscript dictionary . 1740 &ndash Ivan Belostenec , Gazophylacium seu latino illyricorum onomatum aerarium . a Kajkavian based monumental dictionary of 50,000 entries 1741 &ndash Franjo Su nik Andrija Jambre i , Lexicon latinum interpretatione illyrica, germanica et hungarica locu pIes the names Croatian and Illyrian are used synonymously . 1778 &ndash Marijan Lanosovi , Slavonisches Worterbuch a list of German language German words and their Croatian equivalents , added to the grammar entitled Neue Einleitung zur slavonischen Sprache , Osijek. M. Lanosovi is the author of several Croatian dictionaries which have remained in manuscript . 19th century 1801 &ndash Joak ... more details
Use mdy dates date February 2011 distinguish2 Cyrillic Year dab 6 Year nav 6 M1 year in topic NOTOC Year 6 Roman numerals VI was a common year starting on Friday link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar . At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus consul 6 Lepidus and Lucius Arruntius the Younger Arruntius or, less frequently, year 759 Ab urbe condita . The denomination 6 for this year has been used since the early medieval period , when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events onlyinclude By place Roman Empire Herod Archelaus , ethnarch of Samaria , Judea , and Idumea , is deposed and banished to Vienne in Gaul . Iudaea Province Iudaea and Moesia become Roman Empire Roman provinces destroying the Dardani Syria Roman province Syria is guarded by legions Legio X Fretensis X Fretensis , Legio III Gallica III Gallica , Legio VI Ferrata VI Ferrata , and Legio XII Fulminata XII Fulminata . Emperor Augustus sets up a special treasury, the aerarium militare 170 million sestertii , to pay bonuses to retiring legion veterans. Tiberius makes Carnuntum his base of operations against Maroboduus The Roman legion Legio XX Valeria Victrix XX Valeria Victrix fights with Tiberius against the Marcomanni . The Illyrian tribes in Dalmatia Roman province Dalmatia and Pannonia start the Great Illyrian Revolt . The building of a Roman fort signifies the origin of the city of Wiesbaden . Caecina Severus is made governor of Moesia. Publius Sulpicius Quirinius becomes Governor of Syria and nominally of Judea . Quirinius conducts a census in Judea according to Josephus , which results in a revolt in the province, led by Judas the Galilean , and supported by the Pharisee Zadok. The revolt is repressed, and the rebels are crucified, but it results in the birth of the Zealot movement, the members of which regard the God of Judaism as their only master. Due to a food shortage in Rome , A ... more details
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