unreferenced date July 2010 Aerobicgranularreactor is a type of waste treatment facility. Overview Wastewater treatment plants WWTP based on activated sludge often cover large surface areas, necessitated mainly by the large settling tank s. To build compact WWTP s, biomass can be grown as biofilms on a carrier material, or as fast settling Aerobic granulation aerobicgranular sludge without a carrier. Recent research showed the advantages of a discontinuously fed system, in which it is possible to grow stable granulated sludge under aerobic conditions. Simultaneous Chemical oxygen demand , and Nitrogen and Phosphorus removal, can be easily integrated in a discontinuous fed system. Because of the high settling capacity of the granules, the use of a traditional settler is unnecessary. Therefore the installation can be built very compact, needing only 20 of the surface area of conventional activated sludge systems. See also List of waste water treatment technologies Aerobic granulation External links http www.stowa selectedtechnologies.nl Sheets Sheets Aerobic.Granular.Sludge.Process.html Aerobicgranular sludge process Category Biodegradable waste management Category Biodegradation Category Environmental engineering Category Waste treatment technology waste stub ... more details
wiktionary Aerobic is a word that means requiring Earth s atmosphere air , where air usually means oxygen . Aerobic may also refer to Aerobic exercise , prolonged exercise of moderate intensity Aerobics , a form of aerobic exercise Cellular respiration Aerobic respiration Aerobic respiration , the aerobic process of cellular respiration Aerobic organism , a living thing with an oxygen based metabolism See also Anaerobic respiration disambig es Aerobico simple Aerobic no Aerob fi Aerobinen ... more details
thumb 220px SBR Reactor, with aerobic granules Granular sludge biomass is developed in sequencing batch ... S., Dosta J. and Mata lvarez J. 2009 . Start up of an aerobicgranular sequencing batch reactor ... a 100 L pilot plant reactor. The feasibility study showed that the aerobicgranular sludge technology ... of aerobicgranular sludge is one of them. Image Granulos.jpg right thumb 260px Aerobic Granules Aerobicgranular biomass The following definition differentiates an aerobic granule from a simple ... IWA Workshop AerobicGranular Sludge in Munich 2004 Cita Granules making up aerobicgranular activated ... 2005 . Discussion outcomes. Ede. In AerobicGranular Sludge. Water and Environmental Management Series ... E., Wilderer P.A. and Heijnen J.J. 1999 . Aerobic granulation in a sequencing batch reactor .... Liu Y. and Tay J H 2004 . Effect of settling time on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactor ... treatment plant working with aerobicgranular sludge can be reduced by at least 20 and space requirements ... Loosdrecht M.C.M. 2004 . Aerobicgranular sludge From idea to pilot plant.. In Wilderer, P.A. Ed. , Granules 2004. IWA workshop AerobicGranular Sludge, Technical University of Munich, 26 28 September ... R. and Wilderer P.A. 2004 . Aerobicgranular sludge in an SBR system treating wastewater rich in particulate ... of aerobicgranular sludge to remove particulate organic matter from the wastewaters was due to both ... removal from an abattoir wastewater in a SBR with aerobicgranular sludge. Water Research ... over 97 operating a granularreactor fed with slaughterhouse wastewater Total COD 7685 mg ... aerobicgranular sludge. Water Science and Technology , 53 3 , 147 154. ref when treating wastewater ... loading of 6 kg COD m sup 3 sup d . Pilot research in aerobicgranular sludge Aerobic granulation ... closely on the development of the aerobicgranular sludge technology Nereda . Based on the results ... respectively and a volume of 1.5 m sup 3 sup . From the basis of the aerobicgranular sludge but using ... more details
The term granular layer may refer to the granular layer of Tomes, seen in dentin of the teeth. When dry section of the root dentin of teeth are visualized under transmitted light, a granular layer is seen adjacent to cementum.It is believed to be caused by coalescing & looping of terminal portion of dentinal tubules. The Granular layer cerebellum of the cortex of the human cerebellum The Granular layer cerebral cortex of the cerebral cortex The Granular layer of skin disambig ... more details
wiktionary Reactor can mean Bioreactor Bioreactor Bioreactor , any device or system that supports a biologically active environment. Chemical reactor , a device for containing and controlling a chemical reaction Nuclear reactor technology Nuclear reactor , a device for containing and controlling a nuclear reaction Fusion power Fusion reactor , a device for containing and controlling a fusion power reaction An inductor possessing reactance in an electrical power grid A Line reactor is used to limit starting current of motors and to protect variable frequency drives The reactor pattern , a design pattern used in concurrent programming Reactor arcade game Reactor arcade game , an arcade game created by Gottlieb Reactor, Inc., a defunct interactive entertainment company founded by Mike Saenz Reactor Havok , a physics simulation engine Re ac tor , a 1981 album by Neil Young and Crazy Horse disambiguation ca Reactor cs Reaktor da Reaktor de Reaktor es Reactor eo Reaktoro fr R acteur it Reattore nl Reactor ja no Reaktor ru fi Reaktori sv Reaktor uk ... more details
Cleanup date February 2009 Infobox OS name Granular Linux logo Image Granular Linux logo.png Granular Logo 80px screenshot Image Granular 1 kde desktop.png 250px caption Granular Linux 1.0 developer Team Granular family Unix like ui KDE , Enlightenment window manager Enlightenment source model Open source ... www.granularlinux.com Granular , or Granular Linux , is a Linux distribution targeted at the common Desktop computer desktop users. Granular is based on PCLinuxOS and comes as an installable live CD . The CD version of Granular features two Desktop Environment desktop environments ref http distrowatch.com table.php?distribution granular ref KDE and a development version of Enlightenment window ... Granular0.25.gif thumb 200px Granular v0.25 was the first release that featured two desktop environments KDE and Xfce History Granular has its roots in India . Citation needed date February 2009 The Granular ... main . The first public release of Granular was the version 0.12 which was officially released and made ... version release of Granular version 0.25 where two desktop environments KDE and Xfce were included ... v1.0. Granular 1.0 code name Esto Vox was the last of the Esto series the first was 0.90 Esto Vello . In October 2007, a special DVD edition of Granular 0.90 was released with the name FunWorks Granular FunWorks 2007 , which featured the LG3D desktop environment along with three others and a host ...?item.26.2 title Granular FunWorks 2007 released date 7 October 2007 ref Granular utilizes the PCLinuxOS repository and its own as well for software package management. Granular s own repository was opened in March 2008, and since then, it has been a source of all Granular specific RPM Package Manager RPM packages, some of which are not available in the PCLinuxOS repository. Features Granular comes as a LiveCD , which means you don t have to install it to try it. The standard CD version of Granular ..., Granular uses Synaptic Package Manager, a GUI frontend to APT, for package management installing ... more details
No footnotes date November 2009 A granular material is a conglomeration of discrete solid , macroscopic ... to the Physics of Granular Materials translated by A. Reisinger . November 1999, Springer Verlag New York, Inc., New York, ISBN 0 387 98656 1. ref The constituents that compose granular material must ... limit for grains in granular material is about 1 Micrometre m . On the upper size limit, the physics of granular materials may be applied to ice floes where the individual grains are iceberg s and to asteroid belt s of the solar system with individual grains being asteroid s. Some examples of granular ... bearing s. Powder substance Powder s are a special class of granular material due to their small particle ... in a gas . Granular materials are commercially important in applications as diverse as pharmaceutical industry, agriculture , and energy production. Research into granular materials is thus directly ... was originally stated for granular materials. ref Rodhes, M editor , Principles of powder technology ... Bagnold was an early pioneer of the physics of granular matter and whose book The Physics of Blown Sand ... Patrick Richard , Granular materials are ubiquitous in nature and are the second most manipulated material in industry the first one is water . ref Richard, P., Slow relaxation and compaction of granular systems. Nature Materials 4, 121 128 2005 doi 10.1038 nmat1300 ref In some sense, granular materials ... granular materials also exhibit properties which are unique. Granular materials also exhibit a wide range of pattern forming behaviors when excited e.g. vibrated or allowed to flow . As such granular materials under excitation can be thought of as an example of a complex system . Granular ... relative to each other, the granular material acts like a solid. In general, stress in a granular solid ... for the effects of the grains above by Vault architecture vaulting and arch ing. Granular liquids When the granular matter is driven and energy is fed into the system such as by shaking such that the grains ... more details
Granular parakeratosis also known as Axillary granular parakeratosis, ref name Bolognia and Intertriginous granular parakeratosis ref name Bolognia is a cutaneous condition characterized by brownish red keratotic papules that can coalesce into plaques. ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref See also Pityriasis rubra pilaris List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Dermatology stub Papulosquamous disorders Category Papulosquamous hyperkeratotic cutaneous conditions ... more details
Infobox Cheese name Granular cheese image Image Parmigiano reggiano piece.jpg 260px othernames country None in particular regiontown None in particular region town source Cow s pasteurised Possibly texture Granular, usually hard fat protein dimensions weight aging Minimum 2 months br Usual 12 months certification N A Granular cheese , also known as stirred curd cheese and hard cheese , is a type of cheese produced by repeatedly stirring and draining a mixture of curd and whey . It can refer to a wide variety of cheeses, including the Grana cheese grana cheeses such as Parmigiano Reggiano at right and various others. Many types are commonly used in the production of processed cheese , especially American cheese , which by law must consist of Cheddar cheese , Colby cheese , cheese curd, or granular cheese. ref name bulk http www.ams.usda.gov standards Bulkamer.pdf United States Standards for Grades of Bulk American Cheese ref Food and Drug Administration standards In the United States, the FDA mandates certain qualifications for something to be called granular cheese. The maximum allowed .... Regular granular cheese must either use pasteurization pasteurized dairy products or be curing ... 133 Cheese and Related Cheese Products ref The name granular cheese can encompass many types of cheeses for example, Parmigiano Reggiano is a granular cheese. ref name scc http www.foodsubs.com Chesfirm.html Cook s Thesaurus Semi Firm Cheeses ref Granular cheese for manufacturing must meet all of these standards .... ref name fda This is the type of granular cheese most commonly used for processing. Production Although granular cheese can be created using any method that achieves the designated standard ... it in coolers until the time of consumption. ref name frog Taste Granular cheese is rich and tangy. Although unpasteurized granular cheese is ready to eat after 60 days of curing, it has a very ... Frog City Cheese Vermont Cheese Council ref References reflist DEFAULTSORT Granular Cheese Category ... more details
Taxobox name Granular dogfish image Centroscyllium granulatum.JPG status DD status system IUCN3.1 trend unknown regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Chondrichthyes subclassis Elasmobranchii ordo Squaliformes familia Dalatiidae genus Centroscyllium species C. granulatum range map Centroscyllium granulatum distmap.png range map width 200px range map caption Range of the granular dogfish in blue binomial Centroscyllium granulatum binomial authority Albert C. L. G. G nther G nther , 1887 Portal Sharks The granular dogfish , Centroscyllium granulatum , is a little known, very small Squaliformes dogfish shark of the family biology family Dalatiidae , endemism endemic to the Falkland Islands . Physical characteristics The granular dogfish has no anal fin , two dorsal spines with the second one much larger than the first, a large second dorsal fin , a long abdomen, small pectoral fin pectoral and pelvic fin s, a large eye, prominent nostrils and spiracle s, and brownish black coloration. It is very small, growing to only 28 cm. Distribution They have only been found around the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic . Habits and habitat Almost nothing is known about this shark. It has been caught at around 450 m depth. References IUCN2006 assessors Acu a & Kyne year 2004 id 44567 title Centroscyllium granulatum downloaded 12 May 2006 Database entry includes justification for why this species is listed as data deficient ITIS id 160705 taxon Centroscyllium granulatum accessdate 6 February 2006 FishBase species genus Centroscyllium species granulatum year 2006 month 06 FAO Species Catalogue Volume 4 Parts 1 and 2 Sharks of the World Selachimorpha D. DEFAULTSORT Granular Dogfish Category Dalatiidae fr Aiguillat r pe it Centroscyllium granulatum nl Gekorrelde lantaarnhaai zh ... more details
Granular synthesis is a basic sound synthesis method that operates on the microsound Time scale music time scale . Listen filename Horacio Vaggione Agon Excerpt .ogg title Excerpt from Agon Horacio Vaggione description A piece of music composed with fast and slow granular synthesis. It is based on the same ... different sounds can be produced. Listen filename Granulizer.ogg title Fast granular synthesis demonstration description An example of granular synthesis. Note how the tiny snippets of sound the grains ... was the theory of granular synthesis, although Greek composer Iannis Xenakis claimed that he ... granular sounds using analog tone generators and tape splicing. These appear in the composition ... a digital granular synthesis engine. Canadian composer Barry Truax was one of first to implement ... quote text Graintable synthesis is neither granular nor wavetable synthesis but a combination ... music software including granular synthesis http www.csounds.com manual html SiggenGranular.html overview over granular synthesis opcodes SuperCollider programming language for real time audio synthesis Reaktor visual programming environment for sampling, granular sampling, sequencing and modular ... several algorithms for granular synthesis Usine multi touch visual programming audio manipulation software ... eric gs.html Granular Synthesis by Eric Kuehnl http artesonoro.net articulos The 20development 20of 20GiST.pdf The development of GiST, a Granular. Synthesis Toolkit Based on an Extension of the FOF ... Rocha Iturbide http emusician.com software going with grain Going with the Grain a review of 10 granular ... on Granular Synthesis Books cite book last Roads first Curtis year 2001 title Microsound publisher MIT ... for images http granularsynthesis.com Granular Synthesis Resource Web Site References div class ... es S ntesis granular fr Synth se granulaire it Sintesi granulare pl Synteza granularna pt S ntese granular ru uk ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Granular Salamander image status CR status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Amphibia ordo Caudata familia Ambystomatidae genus Ambystoma species A. granulosum binomial Ambystoma granulosum binomial authority Edward Harrison Taylor Taylor , http biostor.org cache pdf ff 5a 88 ff5a8807281bd33d3e061870c510fc58.pdf 1944 synonyms The Granular Salamander or Ajolote Ambystoma granulosum is a species of mole salamander in the Ambystomatidae family. It is found only in Mexico . Its natural habitat s are subtropical or tropical high altitude grassland , freshwater marsh es, intermittent freshwater marches, and pond s. It is threatened by habitat loss and overcropping along with the scaling of their skins. Source Shaffer, B., Flores Villela, O., Parra Olea, G. & Wake, D. 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 59058 all Ambystoma granulosum . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 20 July 2007. salamander stub Category Ambystoma ca Ambystoma granulosum es Ambystoma granulosum fr Ambystoma granulosum pt Ambystoma granulosum vi Ambystoma granulosum ... more details
Taxobox name Granular pugolovka image Granulosus.jpg status LC status system IUCN2.3 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Actinopterygii ordo Perciformes familia Gobiidae subfamilia Benthophilinae genus Benthophilus species B. granulosus binomial Benthophilus granulosus binomial authority Kessler, 1877 synonyms itis 637027 ncbi 637951 Granular pugolovka Benthophilus granulosus is a fish of Gobiidae family. Widespread in the Caspian Sea near all coasts, also in the Volga River lower reach ref Boldyrev V.S., Bogutskaya N.G. 2007 Revision of the tadpole gobie of the genus Benthophilus Teleostei Gobiidae . Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, 18 1 31 96. http www.pfeil verlag.de 04biol pdf ief18 1 04.pdf ref . References references Links World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. http www.iucnredlist.org apps redlist details 135682 0 Benthophilus granulosus . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . http www.fishbase.us Summary speciesSummary.php?ID 47935&genusname Benthophilus&speciesname granulosus&AT Benthophilus granulosus&lang English Benthophilus granulosus at FishBase Gobiidae stub Category Fish of the Caspian Sea Category Fish of Central Asia Category Fish of Western Asia Category Fish of Russia Category Benthophilus ca Benthophilus granulosus es Benthophilus granulosus hu rdes nagyfej g b nl Benthophilus granulosus pl Babka szorstka uk ... more details
, granular convection of variously sized particles has been observed forming convection cells similar ... Granular convection in densely filled containers year 2008 last1 Rietz first1 Frank last2 Stannarius ... Sandbox , Wired, Brandon Keim, October 28, 2009 ref The convection of granular flows is becoming ... to Heinrich Jaeger , this explanation for size separation might work in situations in which there is no granular ... 978 3 540 85631 3 ref Granular convection has been probed by the use of MRI imaging ref cite journal title Granular Convection Observed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging doi 10.1126 science.267.5204.1632 ... interest for some manufacturing operations once a heterogeneous mixture of granular materials has ... including soil liquefaction during earthquake s or Mass wasting Flows mudslides . Granular convection ... with nitrogen, uses the granular convection phenomenon to help keep the sportsperson above the level ... of Particles in a Shaken Granular Bed journal Physical Review Letters accessdate 2010 08 12 date ... 011.htm Sixty Symbols Brazil Nut Effect , The University of Nottingham DEFAULTSORT Granular Convection Category Granular materials Category Convection ca Efecte de les nous del Brasil cs Efekt parao echu ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced October 2011 wikify May 2011 orphan October 2011 Granular ice is one of the types of ice commonly referred to as Flake ice . Made in a tall, thin, vertical drum or freezing unit with an auger running axially in the centre. A water level is set in the bottom of the drum by gravity and as ice crystals begin to form, the auger carries them up the drum where they are compressed and further frozen until they are ejected from the top as flakes . By changing the geometry of the auger and introducing ice breakers into the ejection arrangement, the size and appearance of the ice can be changed to suit different applications. As the ice is made at 0.5degC, it can be stored for prolonged periods in ambient conditions and all it will ever do is melt. However this means that the ice does contain more free water than colder types, therefore it is not suitable for storage in freezers below zero. The medium size is widely used by fishmongers and supermarkets for fish display, so is probably the type of flake ice that the average person is likely to have seen. Due to its properties of rapid cooling melting, the small size of granular ice is used widely by the process industries, particularly food manufacture for cooling products made in mixers or bowl choppers such as dough or sausage meat, here it is mostly known as fine ice or micro ice . Its is also used in laboratories where it is often referred to as crushed ice The large size is most commonly used on board trawlers and for field cooling packing of vegetables such as asparagus and broccoli. This is variously referred to as flake ice , large ice and macro ice . Category Water ice ... more details
Granular computing GrC is an emerging computing paradigm of information processing . It concerns the processing of complex information entities called information granules, which arise in the process of data abstraction and derivation of knowledge from information. Generally speaking, information granules are collections of entities that usually originate at the numeric level and are arranged together due to their similarity, functional or physical adjacency, indistinguishability, coherency, or the like. At present, granular computing is more a theoretical perspective than a coherent set of methods ... of Manhattan. As mentioned above, granular computing is not an algorithm or process there is not a particular method that is called granular computing . It is rather an approach to looking at data ... of granular computing is ultimately simply to try to take advantage of this fact in designing more ... analysis The origins of the granular computing ideology are to be found in the rough sets and fuzzy ... Interpretations of Granular Computing Granular computing can be conceived as a framework of theories ... of problem solving. In this sense, granular computing is used as an umbrella term to cover topics that have ... of the unified framework of granular computing and extracting their commonalities, it may be possible to develop a general theory for problem solving. In a more philosophical sense, granular computing ... of the inherent knowledge structure. Granular computing is thus essential in human problem ... doi 10.1007 3 540 48912 6 69 pages 509 514 . Bargiela, A. and Pedrycz, W. 2003 Granular Computing ... url http www.cs.waikato.ac.nz ml weka book.html Yao, Y.Y. 2004 A Partition Model of Granular Computing ... data mining with granular computing booktitle Proceedings of the 25th Annual International Computer ... citation.cfm?id 675398 cite conference first Yiyu last Yao title Granular computing for data mining ..., Y. Y. title Induction of classification rules by granular computing booktitle Proceedings of the Third ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The aerobic threshold AeT is a term sometimes used by sports coaches and trainers to describe a level of exercise somewhat below the anaerobic threshold . It, however, is not a defined physiological term. The AeT is sometimes defined as the exercise intensity at which anaerobic energy pathways start to operate and where blood lactate reaches a concentration of 2 Mole unit mmol litre at rest it is around 1 . This tends to be at a heart rate of approximately 20 40 bpm less than the anaerobic threshold and correlates with about 65 of the maximum heart rate. The anaerobic energy system does not utilize oxygen to create Adenosine triphosphate ATP and uses glycogen glucose. Lactic acid is the by product of creating ATP for working muscles. See also Anaerobic exercise VO2max DEFAULTSORT Aerobic Threshold Category Aerobic exercise Sport stub de aerobe Schwelle ... more details
Other uses Aerobics Refimprove date January 2008 Aerobic exercise is physical exercise of relatively low intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic Adenosine triphosphate energy generating process ... 0 7817 8406 1 page 61 ref Aerobic literally means living in air , ref name Cooper1997 cite book author ... and refers to the use of oxygen to adequately meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism ... by aerobic metabolism can be performed for extended periods of time. ref name PlowmanSmith2007 Aerobic versus anaerobic exercise Refimprove section date October 2011 talk y File Exercise zones.png thumb 300px Fox and Haskell formula showing the split between aerobic light orange and anaerobic dark orange exercise and heart rate. Aerobic exercise and fitness can be contrasted with anaerobic ... with aerobic exercises because the less efficient anaerobic metabolism must supplement the aerobic system due to energy demands that exceed the aerobic system s capacity. What is generally called aerobic exercise might be better termed solely aerobic , because it is designed to be low intensity ... by the liver, and fat metabolism is increased so that it can fuel the aerobic pathways. Aerobic exercise may be fueled by glycogen reserves, fat reserves, or a combination of both, depending on the intensity. Prolonged moderate level aerobic exercise at 65 VO2 max the heart rate of 150 ... www.zowerkthetlichaam.nl 1946 fat vs carbohydrate metabolism during aerobic exercise title Fat vs. carbohydrate metabolism during aerobic exercise ref ref name Watt cite journal title Intramuscular ... may allow to postpone the onset exhaustion beyond 4 hours. ref name Watt Aerobic exercise comprises ... period of time. For example, running a long distance at a moderate pace is an aerobic exercise, but Sprint ... considered aerobic activity, while golf or two person team tennis, with brief bursts of activity punctuated by more frequent breaks, may not be predominantly aerobic. Some sports are thus inherently ... more details
Citations missing date June 2007 Aerobic conditioning is a process whereby one trains the heart and lungs to pump blood more efficiently, allowing more oxygen to get to muscle s and organ anatomy organs . Aerobic exercise Aerobic conditioning is a determining factor in performance in events with a duration greater than 2mins. On the athletics track this would relate to all events extending from the 800m. Usually this is done through cardiovascular exercise , like running , human swimming swimming , aerobics , etc. A stronger heart does not pump blood faster but more thoroughly. Trained endurance athletes can have a heartbeat as low as the reported 28 beats per minute in people such as Miguel Indurain or 32 beats per minute of Lance Armstrong , ref The Lance Armstrong Performance Program ISBN 1 57954 270 0 ref both of whom were professional cyclists at the highest level. Although exercising at lower intensities will improve aerobic conditioning, the most rapid gains are made when exercising close to an individual s anaerobic threshold. ref Arthur Lydiard s Guide to Athletic Training. A Guide to the Brooks American Track and Field Lydiard Running Lecture Tour 1999 ref This is the intensity at which the heart and lungs can no longer provide to the demands of the working muscles and an oxygen debt begins to accrue or when the exercise moves from being aerobic to anaerobic. Aerobic training intensity for most individuals will be 85 92 of maximum heart rate. ref Craig, Neil. Scientific Heart Rate Training. Eureka Quality Printers.1996. ref References references Cooper, Kenneth C. The New Aerobics. Eldora, Iowa Prairie Wind. Donatelle, Rebecca J. Health The Basics . 6th ed. San Francisco Pearson Education, Inc. 2005. Hinkle, J. Scott. http www.ericdigests.org 1992 3 fitness.htm School Children and Fitness Aerobics for Life . Ann Arbor, MI ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Personnel Services. See also Cardiorespiratory fitness Category Aerobic exercise health stub ... more details
Image Anaerobic.png 300px thumb right Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be identified by growing them in a liquid culture br 1 Obligate aerobic bacteria gather at the top of the test tube in order to absorb maximal amount of oxygen. br 2 Obligate anaerobic bacteria gather at the bottom to avoid oxygen. br 3 Facultative bacteria gather mostly at the top, since aerobic respiration is the most beneficial one but as lack of oxygen does not hurt them, they can be found all along the test tube. br 4 Microaerophiles gather at the upper part of the test tube but not at the top. They require oxygen but at a low concentration. br 5 Aerotolerant bacteria are not affected at all by oxygen, and they are evenly spread along the test tube. An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment. ref DorlandsDict one 000002016 aerobe ref Facultative anaerobes grow and survive in an oxygenated environment and so do aerotolerant anaerobes. Types Obligate aerobe s require oxygen for aerobic cellular respiration. In a process known as cellular respiration , these organisms use oxygen to oxidation oxidize substrates for example sugar s and fat s in order to obtain energy . Facultative anaerobic organism Facultative anaerobes can use oxygen, but also have Anaerobic organism anaerobic methods of energy production. Microaerophile s are organisms that may use oxygen, but only at low concentrations. Aerotolerant organisms can survive in the presence of oxygen, but they are anaerobic organism anaerobic because they do not use it as a terminal electron acceptor . Glucose A good example would be the oxidation of glucose a monosaccharide in aerobic metabolism aerobic respiration . C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 6 sub 6 O sub 2 sub 38 Adenosine diphosphate ... obligate aerobes. References reflist See also Aerobic digestion Anaerobic digestion Facultative ... 2010 DEFAULTSORT Aerobic Organism Category Cellular respiration Category Microbiology ar ... more details
Aerobic denitrification or co respiration the simultaneous use of both oxygen O sub 2 sub and nitrate NO sub 3 sub sup sup as oxidizing agent s, performed by various genera of microorganisms. ref name controversy cite journal last Robertson first Lesley A. coauthors J. Gijs Kuenen date 22 April 1984 title Aerobic denitrification a controversy revived journal Archives of Microbiology volume 139 issue 4 issn 0302 8933 url http www.springerlink.com content v34t52584g6r63t2 ref This process differs from anaerobic denitrification not only in its insensitivity to the presence of oxygen, but also in that it has a higher potential to create the harmful byproduct nitrous oxide. ref name soils cite journal last Lloyd first David date October 1993 title Aerobic denitrification in soils and sediments from fallacies to facts journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution volume 8 issue 10 url http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6VJ1 4B0PBXH N4& user 4423& coverDate 10 2F31 2F1993& rdoc 1& fmt high& orig search& sort d& docanchor &view c& acct C000059605& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 4423&md5 b4759cfa326f979b58c4bf6b9a4a465e doi 10.1016 0169 5347 93 90218 E pages 352 ref Nitrogen, acting as an oxidant, is therefore reduced in a succession of four reactions performed by the enzymes Nitrate reductase nitrate , Nitrite reductase nitrite , Nitric oxide reductase nitric oxide , and Nitrous oxide reductase nitrous oxide reductases. ref name soils The pathway ultimately yields reduced molecular nitrogen N sub 2 sub , as well as, when the reaction does not reach completion, the intermediate species nitrous oxide N sub 2 sub O . A simple denitrification reaction proceeds as chem NO 3 ... Biogeochemistry An Analysis of Global Change publisher Academic Press isbn 012625155 ref and that aerobic ... with varying levels of productivity, usually lower productivity than results from purely aerobic respiration ... to remove carcinogenic nitrate ions from drinking water. ref name soils Aerobic denitrification ... more details
Image Cardio Boxing Group Fitness Class.JPG thumb right 250px Cardio Kickboxing group fitness class. Aerobic kickboxing is a sport specific equipment based Physical exercise exercise program created by Frank Thiboutot at The Bay Club in Portland, Maine Portland , Maine in 1992 as Cardio Kickboxing . The original circuit training format was developed to help promote the sport of kickboxing through kickboxing for Physical fitness fitness . The techniques used during the one hour classes, using conventional Punching bag heavy bags and focus mitt training pads , are based on authentic kickboxing techniques which provide both resistance training and Circulatory system cardiovascular benefits to its participants. This is further explained in his book, Cardio Kickboxing Elite . Cardio Kickboxing is a registered U.S. trademark , 1,890,451, 1995. Most aerobic kickboxing classes begin with light stretch es and a Aerobic exercise cardio Warming up warm up . Typical routines include a series of repetitive Punch combat punch es, Strike attack hand strikes , kick s and other self defense moves. ref cite web url http www.womenfitness.net cardio kickboxing.htm title Cardio Kickboxing Do & Don t publisher Womenfitness.net accessdate 20 October 2010 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20101201015444 http womenfitness.net cardio kickboxing.htm archivedate 1 December 2010 DASHBot deadurl no ref Notes Reflist 1 Further reading cite book title Cardio Kickboxing Elite For Sport, for Fitness, for Self defense last Thiboutot first Frank year 2001 publisher YMAA Publication Center location Boston, Mass. isbn 1 886969 92 2 oclc 45751308 url http ymaa.com publishing books external cardio kickboxing elite Google books fHJByZOk wC Cardio Kickboxing Elite . External links Give at least one PUBLISHED source for the information, like a reputable website or book. Other editors must be able to check it, so ... Kickboxing For Fitness Category Aerobic exercise Category Kickboxing fr Cardio kickboxing ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The S2Wa reactor is a United States Naval reactor naval reactor used by the United States Navy to provide electricity generation and Nuclear marine propulsion propulsion on warship s. The S2Wa designation stands for S Submarine platform 2 Second generation Nuclear reactor core core designed by the contractor W Westinghouse Electric 1886 Westinghouse was the contracted designer After pressurized water reactor technology had proved its superiority in the S1W reactor S1W and S2W reactor S2W applications, the USS Seawolf SSN 575 USS Seawolf SSN 575 had her S2G reactor S2G liquid metal cooled reactor replaced using spare S2W components. During the conversion, the steam turbine s in the powerplant were also re bladed to utilize saturated, rather than superheated, steam. United States Naval reactor DEFAULTSORT S2wa Reactor Category United States naval reactors Nuclear energy stub USN stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The S2C reactor is a United States Naval reactor naval reactor used by the United States Navy to provide electricity generation and Nuclear marine propulsion propulsion on warship s. The S2C designation stands for S Submarine platform 2 Second generation Nuclear reactor core core designed by the contractor C Combustion Engineering was the contracted designer This nuclear reactor is the shipboard equivalent of the S1C reactor , and was installed on the experimental USS Tullibee SSN 597 USS Tullibee SSN 597 submarine. United States Naval reactor DEFAULTSORT S2c Reactor Category United States naval reactors Nuclear energy stub USN stub ... more details
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