Unreferenced date January 2008 An aerophone is any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes, and without the vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound. It is one of the four main classes of instruments in the original Hornbostel Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification . Hornbostel Sachs divides aerophones by whether vibrating air is contained in the instrument itself or not. The first class 41 includes instruments where the vibrating air is not contained by the instrument itself, such as the Bullroarer music bullroarer . Such instruments are called free aerophones . This class includes free reed instruments, such as the harmonica , but also many instruments unlikely to be called wind instruments at all by most people, such as Siren noisemaker siren s and Whip instrument whips . The second class 42 includes instruments where the vibrating air is contained by the instrument. This class includes almost all the instruments generally called wind instrument s including the didgeridoo , brass instruments in the west, such as the trumpet , the french horn , and the trombone , and woodwind instruments such as the Sheng instrument sheng , the oboe , and the clarinet . Additionally, very loud sounds can be made by explosions directed into, or being detonated inside of resonant cavities. Instruments such as the calliope music calliope and steam whistle , as well as the pyrophone might thus be considered as class 42 instruments, despite the fact that the wind or air may be steam or an air fuel mixture. br Hornbostel Sachs Elemental organology Category Aerophones Category Hornbostel Sachs musical instrument stub als Aerophon cs Aerofon de Aerophon et Aerofonid el eo Aerosonilo fy Aerofoan ko it Aerofoni he lb Aerophon lt Aerofonai hu Aerofon hangszerek mk mdf my nl Aerofoon no Aerofon pl Aerofony pt Aerofone ru ... more details
Image reedsinset.jpg 200px thumb right The reeds of an early 20th century button accordion, with closeup. refimprove date October 2008 A free reed aerophone is a musical instrument where sound is produced as air flows past a vibrating reed instrument reed in a frame. Air pressure is typically generated by breath or with a bellows . Operation The following illustrations depict the type of reed typical of harmonica s, pitch pipe s, accordion s and reed organ s as it goes through a cycle of vibration. One side of the reed frame is omitted from the images for clarity in reality, the frame completely encloses the reed. Airflow over one side of the reed creates an area of low pressure on that side see the Bernoulli s principle article for details , causing the reed to flex towards the low pressure side. The reed frame is constructed so that the flexing of the reed obstructs the airflow, which reduces or eliminates the low pressure area and allows the reed to flex back. ref Citation title The Art of Sound Reproduction author John Watkinson publisher Focal Press year 1998 isbn 978 0 240 51512 0 page http books.google.com books?id qc mjjSFAlAC&pg PA117 117 url http books.google.com ?id qc mjjSFAlAC postscript . ref Image Palheta repouso.png thumb A reed is fixed by one end in a close fitting frame. The loose end has a slight rising bend. Image Palheta vibra1.png thumb Air depression is applied under the reed the reed prevents air flow, except for a small, high velocity flow at the tip. Image Palheta vibra2.png thumb The reed is sucked through the opening, allowing the air to pass. Image Palheta vibra3.png thumb The elasticity of the reed forces it back through the frame. Each time the reed passes through the frame, it interrupts air flow. These rapid, periodic interruptions of the air flow create the audible vibrations perceived by the listener. In a free reed instrument, it is the physical characteristics of the reed itself, such as mass, length, cross sectional area, and s ... more details
Reed aerophones is one of the categories of musical instruments found in the Hornbostel Sachs system of musical instrument classification. In order to produce sound with these Aerophones the player s breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion. 422 Reed aerophones Hne 422.1 Double reed instruments There are two lamellae which beat against one another. 422.11 Single oboes. 422.111 With cylindrical bore. 422.111.1 Without fingerholes. 422.111.2 With fingerholes. Duduk Piri 422.112 With conical bore. Oboe Oboe d amore Taepyeongso 422.12 Sets of oboes. 422.121 With cylindrical bore. 422.122 With conical bore. 422.2 Single reed instruments The pipe has a single reed consisting of a percussion lamella. 422.21 Single clarinets. 422.211 With cylindrical bore. 422.211.1 Without fingerholes. 422.211.2 With fingerholes. Albogue Alboka Arghul Chalumeau Clarinet Piccolo clarinet Piccolo or sopranino, or octave clarinet Soprano clarinet including E flat clarinet Basset clarinet Clarinette d amour Basset horn Basset horn Alto clarinet Bass clarinet Contra alto clarinet Contrabass clarinet Subcontrabass clarinet Octocontra alto clarinet Subcontrabass clarinet Octocontrabass clarinet Diplica Hornpipe Pibgorn instrument Pibgorn Saxonette Sipsi Xaphoon Zhaleika 422.212 With conical bore. Heckel clarina Heckelphone clarinet Octavin Saxophone Soprillo Sopranino saxophone Soprano saxophone Mezzo soprano saxophone Alto saxophone Tenor saxophone C melody saxophone Baritone saxophone Bass saxophone Contrabass saxophone Subcontrabass saxophone Tubax Tarogato T rogat after 1890 422.22 Sets of clarinets. Aulochrome Double clarinet Launeddas Mijwiz 422.3 Reedpipes with free reeds The reed vibrates through at a closely fitted frame. There must be fingerholes, otherwise the instrument belongs to the free reeds 412.13. 422.31 Single pipes with free reed. Tumpong 422.32 Double pipes with free reeds. Hornbos ... more details
Harmonica or the German equivalent Harmonika can refer to Harmonica , free reed aerophone G. Mundharmonika Glass harmonica , glass ideophone G. Glasharmonika Accordion , keyboard aerophone G. Handharmonika disambig de Harmonika nl Harmonica no Harmonika pl Harmonika ru sk Harmonika sv Harmonika ... more details
Bunga may refer to Bunga mas , a tribute that was sent every three years to the King of Siam from its vassal states in the Malay Peninsula The Bunga River in northeastern Nigeria Bunga Raya, the Malay name for Hibiscus rosa sinensis , the national flower of Malaysia Bunga, or Botija , a Caribbean musical instrument of the aerophone type Bunga bunga , an erotic entertainment Disambig ... more details
for other uses see Udu disambiguation Image Udu.jpg thumb An udu The udu is an African plosive aerophone in this case implosive and an ideophone not a drum used by such peoples as the Igbo people Igbo of Nigeria . Citation needed date October 2010 In the Igbo language, udu means vessel . Actually being a water jug with an additional hole, it was played by women for ceremonial uses. Usually the udu is made of clay. The instrument is played by hand and produces a special and unique bass sound http www.schlagwerk percussion.de sound ududrums u80 neckudu.mp3 by quickly hitting the big hole. Furthermore the whole corpus can be played by fingers. Today it is widely used by percussionist s in different music styles. The instrument is both an aerophone and an idiophone . Derived instruments Utar is a plosive aerophone with disk like body with the hole on the top and the neck on the side. It can be played more like a conventional drum. Kim kim is a plosive aerophone which may assume a jug shape or dumbell shape with two resonating chambers connected by a short neck. Each chamber has its own hole. Based on the Igbo udu Behnam Samani , a master in Persian percussion, created the Zarbang Udu having one or two side holes and a membrane of natural skin placed beside it or in between them. This way the membrane and the holes can be played with one or two hands at the same time. This is a hand percussion instrument. See also Botija External links http www.noise.cz summasummarum music sounds.html udu Sounds and pictures of udus http sabamusic.se http www.youtube.com watch?v oQxwGSTgMNU Udu video References reflist Category Aerophones Category Igbo musical instruments Category Idiophones Category Nigerian musical instruments percussion instrument stub bg cs Udu de Udu es Udu fr Udu id Udu it Udu strumento musicale pl Udu pt Udu ru sk Udu fi Udu ... more details
Accordion may refer to Accordion , a musical instrument of the handheld bellows driven free reed aerophone family, sometimes referred to as a squeezebox Accordion solitaire , a solitaire card game Accordion, a song by Madvillain from their album Madvillainy Accordion cut , a technique in butchery similar to butterflying Accordion GUI , a graphical user interface widget in which several sections of a document can be expanded or collapsed Any object with features resembling an accordion or its bellows disambig ... more details
The terms melodeon and melodion may refer to Musical instruments Any of several related musical instruments of the free reed aerophone family Melodeon organ , a type of 19th century reed organ Melodion friction instrument , a type of 19th century friction key instrument Varieties of the diatonic button accordion used in Great Britain, Ireland, France & the US In Italy, what English speakers would call a melodeon is called an organetto . A brand of melodica produced by Suzuki A type of barrel organ , sometimes called a Viennese reed organ Buildings Melodeon Boston, Massachusetts , a concert hall in 19th century Boston Foster Hall Indianapolis, Indiana , also known as Melodeon Hall Other uses Melodeon Records The Melodeon , a 1977 novel by Glendon Swarthout disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A bent note is a musical note that is varied in Pitch music pitch . With Fret unfretted strings or other continuous pitch instruments such as the trombone , or with the human Vocal music voice , such variation is more properly described in terms of Intonation music intonation . Bent notes are commonly played on fretted instruments, literally by bending the string with excess finger pressure, or on Free reed aerophone free reed instruments such as the harmonica , by using excess air pressure to overblow the reed. On brass instruments such as the trumpet, the note is bent by using the lip. The bent note is commonly found in various forms of jazz and blues . See also Bend guitar Blue note Glissando Hexatonic scale Blues scale DEFAULTSORT Bent Note Category Musical notation Category Ornamentation Music theory stub ... more details
unreferenced date April 2008 Infobox Instrument color1 FFD700 color2 FFEC8B name Shagur image names classification Woodwind Wind instrument Wind Aerophone range related Ney Duduk Flute Jedinka Dilli Kaval Shvi Frula Quray flute Kaval Washint Flute Sybyzgy For the Israeli city, see Shaghur . Shagur is a wind instrument like an elongated flute like those of the Bashkirs and the Peoples of the Caucasus Caucasians . Shagur a similar wind instrument to the shoor but with holes on the side and made of wood, only about 30 to 40 cm long. External links http www.face music.ch instrum altai instrum.html Face Music Traditional Instruments Altai people Category Musical instruments of Georgia country Category Russian musical instruments Category Flutes musical instrument stub ... more details
musical instrument stub El tochacatl , toch catl , toxacatl o tox catl is a group of aerophone instruments, of Mexican origin, whose main characteristics are being aspired instead of blown and do not have conical but tube Mouthpiece brass mouthpiece s. Prehispanic tochacatl was a straight, long rod. Afterwards, different forms and materials were adapted to the musical instrument instrument . References cite book first INAH title Atlas Cultural de M xico. M sica. year 1988 publisher M xico Grupo Editorial Planeta id ISBN 968 406 121 8 Category Mexican musical instruments Category Natural horns es tochacatl ... more details
The pifilca Mapudungun language onomatopoeia of its sound is a type of ductless flute, resembling a silbato , found in Patagonia , particularly the Argentine provinces of Provincia de R o Negro R o Negro and Provincia del Neuqu n Neuqu n . Description It is an aerophone resembling a flute with a longitudinal filo flauta , Clarify date January 2011 with the tube closed at its lower end and the middle portion with a singular perforation. It is made of wood of 30 40 centimetres in length, lacking an orifice to obturate. Clarify date January 2011 The tube is bored through its length, approximately halfway through. The instruments emits only one sound, and its one note mixes with a song or group of instruments in a rhythmic manner. Category Aerophones Category Argentine musical instruments Category Indigenous South American musical instruments Category Mapuche es Pifilca it Pifilca ... more details
other uses A mouth organ is a generic term for Free reed aerophone free reed aerophone with one or more air chambers fitted with a free reed. ref cite encyclopedia last Miller first Terry editor encyclopedia Grove Music Online title Mouth Organ url http www.oxfordmusiconline.com subscriber article grove music 19254 accessdate 26 Sept 2011 language edition date year month publisher volume location id isbn oclc doi pages quote ref ref Though it spans many traditions, it is played universally the same way by the musician placing their lips over a chamber or holes in the instrument, and blowing or sucking air to create a sound. ref cite encyclopedia last Benyon first Ivor encyclopedia Grove Music Online title Harmonica i Mouth Organ url http www.oxfordmusiconline.com subscriber article grove music 12384 accessdate 26 Sept 2011 language edition date year month publisher volume location id isbn oclc doi pages quote ref ref Many of the chambers can be played together or each individually. The mouth organ can be found all around the world and is known by many different names and seen in many different traditions. The most notable variations include the harmonica , the pan flute , and Asian free reed wind instruments consisting of a number of bamboo pipes of varying lengths fixed into a wind chest these include the Sheng instrument sheng , khaen , lusheng , Yu wind instrument yu , Sh instrument Sh , and saenghwang . The melodica , consisting of a single tube that is essentially blown through a Keyboard instrument keyboard , is another variation. See also Mouth harp References reflist Category Aerophones ... more details
about the E music flat instrument B music flat instrument Cornet Infobox Instrument name Soprano cornet image sopranocornet.jpg image capt An E music flat cornet background brass classification Wind instrument Wind Brass instrument Brass Aerophone hornbostel sachs 423.231 ref cite web url http www.andrewbatterham.com brass title Discussion of brass instruments accessdate 2009 08 19 ref hornbostel sachs desc Valved aerophone sounded by lip movement featuring a conical bore developed 19th century citation range Image soprange.jpg 180px center concert pitch ref cite web url http www.brasscrest.com instru instru002.html title The Brass Crest, Cornet accessdate 2009 08 19 ref related Cornet Trumpet Flugelhorn Bass trumpet Flumpet articles brass The soprano cornet is a brass instrument that is very similar to the standard B music flat cornet. It is a transposing instrument in E music flat , pitched higher than the standard B music flat cornet. ref cite web url http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 137989 cornet title Cornet work Encyclop dia Britannica Online accessdate 2009 08 19 ref One soprano cornet is usually seen in brass bands and Brass band British style silver bands and can often be found playing lead or descant parts in ensembles. Notes Reflist 2 Further reading http www.webcitation.org query?url http 3A 2F 2Fabbakiwi.tripod.com 2Fid7.html&date 2009 08 19 Introduction to the E music flat soprano cornet by Bram Gay original from Sounding Brass , Issue 6, 1977. DEFAULTSORT Soprano Cornet Category Brass instruments Category E flat instruments sv Soprankornett ... more details
Otheruses Squeezebox disambiguation File German button accordion.jpg 200px thumb right Diatonic button accordion German make, early 20th century . The term Squeezebox also Squeeze box , Squeeze box is a colloquial expression referring to any musical instrument of the general class of hand held bellows driven free reed aerophone s such as the accordion and the concertina . The term is so applied because such instruments are generally in the shape of a Cuboid rectangular prism or box , and the bellows is operated by squeezing in and drawing out. External links http squeezebox.wikia.com Squeezebox, an open repository of squeezebox knowledge on Wikia. http www.trilokan.com used accordions video Squeezebox and Accordion A collection of media and videos of musicians playing the accordion. Squeezebox Category Keyboard instruments Category Free reed aerophones Category Sets of free reeds musical instrument stub de Handzuginstrument ja ... more details
Infobox Instrument name Dvodentsivka names Hornbostel Sachs HS 421.221 12 image UI Dvodentsivky.jpg classification Aerophone range c sup 3 sup g sup 5 sup related Dentsivka Dubeldentsivka Zholomiha Zholomiga Image UI Dvodentsivky.jpg thumb Upper 2 instruments are Ukrainian dvodentsivky. The dvodentsivka lang uk Dubeldentsivka , Zholomiha , Zholomiga means literally two dentsivka s and this is what it is. Two dentsivkas are joined together into one instrument. See also Ukrainian folk music Sources Humeniuk, A. Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty Kiev Naukova dumka, 1967 Mizynec, V. Ukrainian Folk Instruments Melbourne Bayda books, 1984 Cherkasky, L. Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty Tekhnika, Kiev, Ukraine, 2003 262 pages. ISBN 966 575 111 5 External links http vasyltkach.com ru content samples Samples and Pictures of Ukrainian Instruments musical instrument stub Category Ukrainian musical instruments Category Fipple flutes uk ... more details
Infobox Instrument name Kosa dudka names Hornbostel Sachs HS 421.111 12 image UI KozaDudka.jpg classification Aerophone range c sup 3 sup g sup 5 sup related Sopilka Floyara Frilka Zubivka Dentsivka The kosa dudka lang uk dentsivka differs from the dentsivka in that the fipple is in the top of the instrument on the same plane as the playing holes, instead of the underside. The fipple is cut away like that of a recorder. Often this instrument is called a dentsivka . See also Ukrainian folk music Sources Humeniuk, A. Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty Kiev Naukova dumka, 1967 Mizynec, V. Ukrainian Folk Instruments Melbourne Bayda books, 1984 Cherkasky, L. Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty Tekhnika, Kiev, Ukraine, 2003 262 pages. ISBN 966 575 111 5 Category Ukrainian musical instruments Category Fipple flutes ... more details
Infobox Instrument name Pivtoradentsivka names Hornbostel Sachs HS 421.221 12 image UI Pivtoradencivka.jpg classification Aerophone range c sup 3 sup g sup 5 sup related Dentsivka Dubeldentsivka Zholomiha Zholomiga The pivtoradentsivka lang uk is translated as one and a half dentsivka s. It consists of two dentsivkas joined together into one instrument. Only one of the pipes has fingerholes. The other acts as a drone. The Drone music drone pipe in a pivtoradentsivka is usually shorter than the playing pipe. The instrument has the same fingering as the standard dentsivka. See also Ukrainian folk music Sources Humeniuk, A. Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty Kiev Naukova dumka, 1967 Mizynec, V. Ukrainian Folk Instruments Melbourne Bayda books, 1984 Cherkasky, L. Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty Tekhnika, Kiev, Ukraine, 2003 262 pages. ISBN 966 575 111 5 Category Ukrainian musical instruments Category Fipple flutes uk ... more details
Infobox Instrument name Truba names Hornbostel Sachs HS 422.121 1 image UI Surma.jpg classification Aerophone range c sup 3 sup g sup 5 sup related Lihava Sihna na truba Rih Image UI Surma.jpg thumb Top instrument is a surma horn . Below is a Ukrainian cossack trumpet. The Wooden Trumpet truba lang uk Lihava , Cossack Trumpet , Sihnal na truba . The truba or lihava is an instrument of the surma horn type, only with a mouthpiece like that of a standard trumpet made of wood. The instrument has seven to ten finger holes and is presently used in contemporary folk instrument orchestras. See also Ukrainian folk music Sources Humeniuk, A. Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty Kiev Naukova dumka, 1967 Mizynec, V. Ukrainian Folk Instruments Melbourne Bayda books, 1984 Cherkasky, L. Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty Tekhnika, Kiev, Ukraine, 2003 262 pages. ISBN 966 575 111 5 Category Brass instruments Category Ukrainian musical instruments Category Belarusian musical instruments ... more details
other uses The botija botijuela bunga is a Caribbean musical instrument of the aerophone type. It was used in the early Son music son sextetos in Cuba . The botija is a potbellied earthenware jug or jar with two openings. The player creates sound across a hole in the side whilst controlling the sound with his fingers in the mouth of the jug. The instrument produces a bass sound. ref Carpentier, Alejo 2001 1946 . Music in Cuba . Minneapolis MN. p228 ref The botija is now a relic instrument the son groups replaced it with the double bass during the 1920s. See also Udu References Reflist coord 39 20 N 6 04 W source kolossus ruwiki display title Category Cuban musical instruments Category Caribbean musical instruments Category Aerophones musical instrument stub caribbean stub ar ca Botija C ceres es Botija C ceres eo Botija ext Botija eu Botija fr Botija ia Botija it Botija pt Botija ro Botija C ceres ru uk vi Botija war Botija ... more details
Infobox Instrument color1 FFD700 color2 FFEC8B name Jedinka image names classification Woodwind Wind instrument Wind Aerophone range related Ney Duduk Flute Frula Dilli Kaval Shvi Kaval The jedinka is a small Croatia n whistle flute , usually highly carved and decorated. Often carved from maple or chestnut wood, the jedinka is a single tube with a whistle like mouthpiece and six equally spaced finger holes. These small, simple instruments were used mainly by shepherd s, who played them individually in the fields. Jedinka or zveglica is single flute made mostly of walnet tree or elder. Although we can use the other kind of trees, for example a plum or maple tree or cherry. Jedinka has six holes for pickering. The name frula in Hrvatsko Zagorje for this instrument has been never used. One interested characteristic for single fluts from Hrvatsko Zagorje is quarter section differently from all others modes similarly flutes which are regularly rounded in section. Jedinka has very tender and elegical tone. http scena.hgu.hr stjepan veckovic english.html See also List of European folk music traditions Ney Duduk Flute Frula Dilli Kaval Shvi Kaval Category Fipple flutes Category Croatian musical instruments musical instrument stub Croatia stub ... more details
Notability date September 2009 The folgerphone sometimes Folgerphone is a Wind instruments wind instrument or aerophone , classifiable as a woodwind instrument woodwind rather than brass instrument despite being made of metal, because it has a reed cf. saxophone . It is a modern experimental musical instrument experimental instrument , using an alto saxophone alto sax mouthpiece, with copper tubing and a coffee can the name is a reference to Folger s, a common brand of canned coffee . It is not commercially produced, but constructed by musicians, and need not use a genuine coffee can, but any metallic sounding box . Although using sax parts, it is a cylindrical bore instrument, and thus part of the clarinet family. History The instrument was invented by Nolan Hatcher and Craig Nutt , ref http www.fusetronsound.com label.php?selection S source ref at least as early as 1979, when it was used on their duet album Dinosaur Time . ref http www.craignutt.com raudelunas sayday.html source ref It has also been used in recorded experimental music experimental and jazz works by others, such as Robert Horton musician Robert Horton s band Plateau not to be confused with the Skinny Puppy side project platEAU , as on the 1990 Arrhythmia compilation CD. References references Category Clarinets Category Custom made instruments Category Experimental musical instruments Category Saxophones Category Woodwind instruments woodwind instrument stub ... more details
Infobox Music of Nepal Dhaa or Dhah ref cite web title Membranophones url http www.jwajalapa.com index.php?option com content&view article&id 51 membranophones&catid 38 music&Itemid 64 archiveurl http www.webcitation.org 5gxphtUU6 work Jwajalapa publisher newatech, inc. date 1 May 2008 year 2008 month May archivedate 22 May 2008 accessdate 22 May 2008 ref belong to the membranophone group of Newar traditional musical instruments. It is a kind of drum specially played during the month of Gunlaa, the ninth month of Newar calendar. Dhaa is also known as Gunlaa Baajan . It is made of a hollow wooden trunk covered at both sides with animal skin. The left side is covered with a thicker skin producing flat sound whereas the right side is covered with thinner skin producing sharper sound. The Dhaa is played by a group of even number of people standing. The instrument is suspended with a belt over the right shoulder. Dhaa is always accompanied with Taa and Bhushyaa along with the tunes from some aerophone s. References Refimprove date May 2009 reflist Category Membranophones Category Newar ... more details
Infobox Instrument name Telenka names Hornbostel Sachs HS 421.111 1 image classification Aerophone range c sup 3 sup g sup 5 sup related Telynka Tilinca Tylynka Dentsivka The telenka lang uk telynka, tylynka is a primitive form of dentsivka without fingerholes. The pitch produced from the instrument is changed by placing a finger into the open end of the pipe and covering this opening by a half or third etc. and also by the strength of the players breathe. Its length is approximately 35 to 40 cm 14 to 16 in , although instruments can range up to 60 cm 24 in in length. This instrument is very common in Romania especially in the areas bordering with the Ukrainian Bukovina area where it is known as the tilinca . See also Ukrainian folk music Sources Humeniuk, A. Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty Kiev Naukova dumka , 1967 Mizynec, V. Ukrainian Folk Instruments Melbourne Bayda books, 1984 Cherkasky, L. Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty Kiev Tekhnika , 2003 262 pages. ISBN 966 575 111 5 External links http vasyltkach.com ru content samples Samples and Pictures of Ukrainian Instruments Category Ukrainian musical instruments Category Flutes ja ru uk ... more details
Infobox Instrument name Kuvytsi names Hornbostel Sachs HS 421.112 11 image UI Naj.jpg classification Aerophone range g sup 4 sup c sup 6 sup related Rebro Svyryli Pan pipes The kuvytsi lang uk Rebro , Svyryli , Naj are the Ukrainian variant of pan pipes . Pan pipes have been found in archeological excavations in Ukraine that date back some 5,000 years. The instrument consists of several pipes each of which, when blown endwise, produces one sound. Various versions of the kuvytsi exist in Ukraine, such as the one sided kuvytsi, which consist of a system of pipes from great to small in one lode or two sided kuvytsi, which have their greatest pipe in the center. These instruments were used by ensembles in Chernihiv Province and also widely in the Ukraine Western Ukraine . These instruments allow chromatic notes to be readily obtained, a semitone lower than the primary sound of the pipe. This is done by bending the angle of the pipes with relation to the player s lips. The air stream is thus broken on the far end of the pipe, rather than the end closest the lips. See also Ukrainian folk music Sources Humeniuk, A., Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty , Kiev Naukova dumka , 1967 Mizynec, V., Ukrainian Folk Instruments , Melbourne Bayda books, 1984 Cherkasky, L., Ukrainski narodni muzychni instrumenty Tekhnika, Kiev, Ukraine, 2003. 262 pages. ISBN 966 575 111 5 Category Ukrainian musical instruments Category Aerophones uk ... more details
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