wiktionary When used as a descriptor or adjective , affect means to change , and usually refers to an emotion or symptom . Affected , when used in a description, refers to fake or intentionally assumed behaviour a changed behaviour , i.e., an affected accent sociolinguistics accent . Affect can refer to facial expression or demeanor. In general, to affect refers to the influence a change has on something else. In this sense, it is often confused with to wikt effect effect , which generally means either to cause make create a change or to the result of a change. When used as a verb, effect refers to the cause of a change, or as a synonym for created or made The governor effected a change in policy while affect refers to the consequences of that change The new policy really affected our family . As a noun, affect may refer to an emotion or to a psychological psychiatric state see below . As an adjective, it may refer to an assumed pretense Her affected accent really had an effect on me Her affected accent really affected my view of her . Affect may refer to Affect philosophy Affect psychology Blunted affect or affective flattening, a reduction in emotional reactivity. Labile affect , the unstable display of emotion. Affect display , signs of emotion, such as facial expression, vocalization, and posture Affective science , the scientific study of emotion Affect linguistics , the grammar of expressing affect Affective computing , an area of research in computer science aiming to simulate emotional processes. Affekt , a German term often used in musical and other aesthetic theory Doctrine of the affections , an important theory in the aesthetics of music See also Affection Effect disambiguation disambig fr Affect homonymie pt Afeto ru fi Affekti uk ... more details
Affect logic is a Notion philosophy notion , introduced by Luc Ciompi , relating to Soteria , which sheds light on the interaction between thinking and feeling. It holds that Affect psychology affect and cognition , or feeling and thinking, are continually interacting with the other activity in the cortical network. In sociology, the concept is used for understanding Extremism extremist mentalities and for a critique of the sociological systems theory of Niklas Luhmann. External links http affect logic.com 5.html Introduction into the Concept of Affect Logic Category Psychotherapy de Affektlogik ... more details
original research date September 2009 refimprove date July 2008 need full citations per WP CITE HOW Affect consciousness Monsen, Monsen, Solbakken & Hansen, 2008 refers to the mutual relationship between activation of basic affective experiences and the individual s capacity to consciously perceive, tolerate ... by the semi structured Affect Consciousness Interview ACI . A vast array of ideas from a number ... Solbakken, Hansen & Monsen, 2011 , most notably Silvan Tomkins Affect theory , Script theory Script ... 1992 and Lichtenberg et al. 1992, 1996 . The affect consciousness construct posits that affect ... Solbakken, Hansen & Monsen, 2011 . Of these motivating forces the affect system is the primary, and by far the most flexible Silvan Tomkins Tomkins , 2008a , it is hypothesized that affect is ever ... initiated or terminated. It is assumed that affect activation structures not only behavior, but also the coherence of experience, so that affect that is void of meaning to the individual ... to the function of affect expression as a primary channel of communication The transactions of affect ... of coherent self experience and attainment of adequate affect integration and regulation in the course of development Solbakken, Hansen & Monsen, 2011 . The affect system is viewed as an independent ... is the defining feature of affect consciousness. References Monsen, J. T., & Monsen, K. 1999 . Affects and affect consciousness A psychotherapy model integrating Silvan Tomkins affect ..., K., Solbakken, O. A., & Hansen, R. S. 2008 . The Affect Consciousness Interview ACI and the Affect ... . The assessment of affect integration validation of the affect consciousness construct. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 257 265. Solbakken, O.A., Hansen, R. S., & Monsen, J. T. 2011 . Affect ..., 21, 482 496. Tomkins, S. S. 2008a . Affect Imagery Consciousness The complete edition. Volumes I and II. New York Springer Publishing Company. Tomkins, S. S. 2008b . Affect Imagery Consciousness ... more details
In psychology , affect is an emotion or subjectively experienced feeling. Affect theory attempts to organize ..., the affect of joy is observed through the display of smiling . These affects can be identified ... process any real response to the stimulus. Affect theory is attributed to Silvan Tomkins and is introduced in the first two volumes of his book Affect Imagery Consciousness. ref name Tomk1962 Citation last Tomkins first Sylvan S. publication date 1962 title Affect Imagery Consciousness The Positive ... Citation last Tomkins first Sylvan S. publication date 1963 title Affect Imagery Consciousness The Negative Affects Vol. 2 publication place New York publisher Springer isbn 0826105424 ref The word affect ... L. publication date 1992 title Shame and Pride Affect, Sex, and the Birth of the Self Chapter 2 ..., listed with a low high intensity label for each affect and accompanied by its biological expression ref Citation last Nathanson first Donald L. publication date 1992 title Shame and Pride Affect, Sex ... to Tomkins, optimal mental health requires the maximization of positive affect and the minimization of negative affect. ref name Tomk1962 Affect should also be properly expressed so to make the identification of affect possible. ref name Nath97 Citation last Nathanson first Donald L. publication ... http www.tomkins.org uploads agoalisanimage.pdf ref Affect theory can also be used as a blueprint for intimate ... positive affect and minimizing negative affect. ref Citation last Kelly first VC publication date 1996 contribution Affect and the redefinition of intimacy title Knowing feeling Affect, script, and psychotherapy ... to express affect to one another in order to identify progress. Descriptive implications These blueprints can also describe natural and implicit goals. Nathanson, for example, uses the affect ... to watch movies is the sturdy fear of enmeshment in the affect depicted on the screen the affect ... for him. and His refusal to risk the range of positive and negative affect associated with sexuality ... more details
Main Emotion In psychology , affect display or affective display is a subject s externally displayed affect psychology affect . The display can be by facial, vocal, or gestural means APA 2006, p. 26 . When displayed affect is different from the subjective affect, it is incongruent affect. Citation needed date October 2007 Some professionals use the term affect to mean affect display . http www.abess.com glossary.html Affect display refers to the impetus for observable expression of emotion for the human ... to the most dramatic and prolific gestures Batson, 1992 . Affect display is also a critical facet of communication in the social domain. Interpersonal communication is colored by displayed affect and there are various ... and non conscious reaction and positive or negative affect. Citation needed date November 2007 Theoretical perspective Affect can be taken to indicate an instinctual reaction to stimulation occurring ... confidence than cognitive judgments Zajonc, 1980 . Lazarus 1982 considers affect to be post cognitive. That is, affect is elicited only after a certain amount of cognitive processing of information ... for emotion allows for other perspectives on how affect influences emotional development. Thus, temperament ... reactive, low self soothing infant may disproportionately affect the process of emotion regulation in the early months of life Griffiths, 1997 . Non conscious affect and perception In relation to perception, a type of non conscious affect may be separate from the cognitive processing of environmental stimuli. A monohierarchy of perception, affect and cognition considers the roles of arousal , attentional ... integrated within larger neural systems. Affect and mood Mood psychology Mood , like emotion, is an affective ... experience of pleasure or pain, or of positive or negative affect in the future. Unlike instant reactions that produce affect or emotion, and that change with expectations of future pleasure or pain, moods ..., 1990 . Positive affect and negative affect represent independent domains of emotion in the general ... more details
Refimprove date June 2009 The affect heuristic is a heuristic , a mental shortcut that allows people to make decisions and solve problems quickly and efficiently, in which current affect psychology affect influences decisions. Affect psychology Affect , in this context, is simply a emotion feeling fear ... stimulus . Reading the words lung cancer usually generates an affect of dread fear dread , while reading the words mother s love usually generates an affect of affection and comfort. It is typically ... M.L. coauthors Alhakami, A., Slovic, P., & Johnson, S.M. title The Affect Heuristic in Judgment ... of affect heuristic is that a human being s affect can influence they make decisions. Research ... was linked to the strength of positive or negative affect associated with the activity as measured ... they feel about it. The affect heuristic got early attention in 1980 when Robert B. Zajonc argued that affective ... 175 doi 10.1037 0003 066X.35.2.151 accessdate February 22, 2012 ref . The affect heuristic got recent ... a situation i.e., positive affect would lead to a lower risk perception and a higher benefit perception ... decision. Overall, the affect heuristic is of influence in nearly every decision making arena. Theoretical Accounts of Affect An alternative thought to the gut feeling response is the somatic ... by researchers that people use affect heuristics because as a first response to an issue, we rely ... and Risk as Feelings Some Thoughts about Affect, Reason, Risk, and Rationality journal Risk ... journal last Keller first Carmen coauthors Siegrist, Michael, Gutscher, Heinz title The Role of Affect ... doi 10.1111 j.1539 6924.2006.00773.x ref This is due to the experience of affect, in other words ... have been done to further look into affect heuristics and many have found that these heuristics shape ... how affect is an important characteristic of the decision making process in many different domains ... below, affect is independent of cognition which indicate that there are conditions where affect does ... more details
Blunted affect is the scientific term describing a lack of emotion al reactivity on the part of an individual ... 1 January 2007 publisher RCPsych Publications isbn 9781904671442 pages 174 ref Blunt affect can be symptomatic ... of Counselling and Psychotherapy 2007 p. 65 ref The difference between flat and blunted affect is in degree. A person with flat affect has no or nearly no emotional expression. He or she may ... affect, on the other hand, has a significantly reduced intensity in emotional expression . ref A. Tasman ... have long been recognized as showing flat or inappropriate affect, with Splitting psychology splitting ... of flat affect in schizophrenia found that flat affect was more common in men, and was associated with worse ... schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org content 32 2 279.full Flat Affect in Schizophrenia ref The study ... schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org content 32 2 279.full Flat Affect in Schizophrenia ref supporting the suggestion made elsewhere that blunted affect, including flattened facial expressiveness ..., autistic, impoverished affect...all presuppose that there are reliable, valid impersonal criteria ... traumatic stress syndrome are often said to display blunted affect psychology affect . Veterans ... course of blunted affect with the onset being subtle yet considerable. ref name WeinerStricker2003 ... inappropriately equated with blunted or restricted affect. Blunted is an affect that is present ... . Restricted is not as severe as in flattened or blunted affect. Constricted affect is an affect ... considered constricted to a euphoric affect. Labile affect refers to the pathological expression of laughter, crying, or smiling. It is also known as Pseudobulbar Affect , Emotional Lability , Pathological ... or intensity shifts suddenly, rapidly blunted few emotions expressed, low intensity flat affect is even ... affect is very similar to anhedonia, the decrease or cessation of all feelings of pleasure which ... or are decreased. Both blunted affect and anhedonia are considered negative symptoms of schizophrenia ... more details
no footnotes date January 2012 In linguistics, speaker Affect psychology affect is attitude or emotion that a speaker brings to an utterance. Affects such as sarcasm, contempt, dismissal, distaste, disgust, disbelief, exasperation, boredom, anger, joy, respect or disrespect, sympathy, pity, gratitude, wonder, admiration, humility, and awe are frequently conveyed through paralinguistic mechanisms such as intonation linguistics intonation , facial expression, and gesture , and thus require recourse to punctuation or emoticon s when reduced to writing, but there are grammatical and lexical expressions of affect as well, such as pejorative and approbative or laudative expressions or inflections, adversative forms, Honorifics linguistics honorific and deferential language , interrogative s and tag question s, and some types of evidentiality . Lexical affect Lexical choices may Framing social sciences frame speaker affect. Examples are slender positive affect vs scrawny negative affect , thrifty positive vs. stingy negative , freedom fighter positive vs. terrorist negative , etc. Murphy 2003 Grammatical affect In many languages of Europe, augmentative derivations are used to express contempt or other negative attitudes toward the noun being so modified, whereas diminutive s may express affection on the other hand, diminutives are frequently used to belittle or be dismissive. For instance, in Spanish language Spanish , a name ending in diminutive ito masculine or ita feminine may be a term ... has a range of augmentative and diminutive forms, which express differences in affect. So, from aba ..., abisko if the frog is ugly, abula if it is likeably awkward, etc. Affect can also be conveyed by more ... Korean , grammatical affect is conveyed both through honorific, polite, and humble language, which ... rowspan 2 Active voice br neutral affect rowspan 2 It rained. ame ga fut ta rowspan 2 rain nominative sc nom fall perfective sc pfv rowspan 2 Passive voice br negative affect rowspan 2 I was rained ... more details
Dispositional affect , similar to Mood psychology mood , is a Personality type personality trait or overall ... through black lens . ref name Barsade & Gibson 2007 Barsade, S.G., & Gibson, D.E. 2007 . Why does affect ... affect affects the sensations and behavior immediately and most of the time in unconscious way ... between dispositional affect both positive and negative and important aspects in psychology ... from emotion and mood Besides dispositional affect, there are other concepts for expressions ... dispositional affect though there is a connection among them. Dispositional affect is different from emotion or Affect psychology affect , by being a personality trait while emotion is a general concept ... etc. The strength of emotions a person feels can stem from his level of dispositional affect. Dispositional affect is also different from moods since mood relates to general feeling that usually tends ... about the way that emotions and dispositional affect should be classified, ref James A. R., & James ... of pleasantness and low activation. Dispositional Affect is also a combination of pleasantness ... to analyze and classify dispositional affect, which was developed by Watson and Tellegen. ref name ... affect positive affectivity and negative affectivity and that each person has a certain level ... affect The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54, 1063 1070. ref one ... of a person. These two dimensions of dispositional affect are bipolar, distinct and independent ... for dispositional affect can be measured by questionnaire s. In English language English researchers use the Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale PANAS . ref name Watson & Tellegen 1988 ..., in the past week, or in general. This way we can learn about dispositional affect to a certain situation and not only about dispositional affect as a general personality trait. By responding ... situational dispositional affect as a response to a certain situation. For example, Rafaeli et al ... more details
Affect Latin affectus or adfectus is a concept used in the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza and elaborated ... more sharply than Spinoza does between affect and what are conventionally called emotions. Affects are difficult to grasp and conceptualize because, as Spinoza says, an affect or passion of the mind ... affect is central to what has become known as the affective turn in the humanities and social sciences. In Spinoza In Spinoza s Ethics book Ethics , Part III Definition 3, the term affect affectus ... Shirley uses emotion for affectus , whereas the more recent rendering by Edwin Curley uses affect ... the body s power of activity potentia agendi By affect I understand affections of the body by which ... Press location Princeton and Chichester isbn 978 0 691 00067 1 page 154 ref Affect is thus ... . In Part III, Definitions of the Emotions Affects , Spinoza defines 48 different forms of affect, including ... 19888 2 page 20 ref In Deleuze and Guattari Expand section date December 2011 The terms affect and affection ... Massumi gives the following definitions of the terms as used in the volume AFFECT AFFECTION. Neither word denotes a personal feeling sentiment in Deleuze and Guattari . L affect Spinoza s affectus is an ability to affect and be affected. It is a prepersonal intensity corresponding to the passage ... of authors in the social sciences and humanities have begun to explore affect theory as a way of understanding ... of affect see above and has written on the neglected importance of movement and sensation in cultural ... Massumi first Brian title Parables for the Virtual Movement, Affect, Sensation url http books.google.com ... of affect in what he terms non representational theory . ref name Thrift2007 cite book last Thrift first Nigel J. title Non representational Theory Space, Politics, Affect url http books.google.com ... Affect Journal Find more about Affect here. Portal Philosophy Notes Reflist Sources Gilles ... first Brian title Parables for the Virtual Movement, Affect, Sensation url http books.google.com books ... more details
Psychology, April 2005, Los Angeles ref Measures of Negative Affect STAXI STAXI State Trait ... Irritability readiness to explode with negative affect at the slightest provocation Negativism oppositional ... affect expressed Guilt feelings of having done wrong. Test retest stability was r 0.82 for the seven ... and Emotion, 23, 876 888. ref See also Affect psychology PAD emotional state model References ... more details
Postponement of Affect psychology affect is a defence mechanism which may be used against a variety of feelings or emotions. Such a temporal displacement, resulting simply in a later appearance of the affect reaction and in thus preventing the recognition of the motivating connection, is...most frequently used against the affects of rage or annoyance and grief . ref Otto Fenichel, The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis London 1946 p. 162 ref Negative postponement repression Grief In the affect of grief , postponement seems to be an essential component. What happens in mourning is nothing other than a gradual working through of an affect which, if released in its full strength, would overwhelm the ego . ref Fenichel, p. 164 ref John Bowlby considered the first of the four phases of mourning to be a Phase of numbness that...may be interrupted by outbursts of extremely intense distress and or anger . ref John Bowlby, The Making and Breaking of Affectional Bonds London 1979 p. 83 ref Thus one can speak of a rather typical postponement of grief ref Adolf Hanren, Responding to Loss 2004 p. 64 ref I feel hurt about something and then automatically this kind of shields things up and then I feel like I can t really touch or feel anything very much ... postponement ... of the weepiness . ref Carl Rogers, On Becoming a Person 19610 p. 141 ref Conversely, Eric Lindemann , describing the symptomatology and management of acute grief following the Cocoanut Grove fire Coconut Grove night club fire...showed that people who do not break down and express feelings appropriate to a bereavement may suffer from delayed or distorted grief . ref C. M. Parkes, Bereavement , in Richard L. Gregory, The Oxford Companion to the Mind Oxford 1987 p. 79 ref Fright Investigation of the reaction of the ego ... colwidth 40em Further reading Silvan Tomkins, Affect Imagery Consciousness 1962 Defence mechanisms DEFAULTSORT Postponement Of Affect Category Psychoanalytic terminology Category Defence mechanisms ... more details
Pseudobulbar affect PBA , emotional lability , labile affect or emotional incontinence refers to a neurologic disorder characterized by involuntary crying or uncontrollable episodes of crying and or laughing, or other emotional displays. ref cite journal author Arciniegas DB, Topkoff title The neuropsychiatry of pathological affect an approach to evaluation and treatment journal Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry volume 5 issue 4 pages 472 479 year 2000 pmid 11291026 last2 Topkoff first2 J doi 10.1053 scnp.2000.9554 ref PBA occurs secondary to neurologic disease or brain injury . Patients may find themselves crying uncontrollably at something that is only moderately sad, being unable to stop themselves for several minutes. Episodes may also be mood incongruent a patient might laugh uncontrollably when angry or frustrated, for example. Terminology Historically there have been a variety of terms used including pseudobulbar affect, pathological laughter and crying, emotional lability, emotionalism, emotional dysregulation, or, more recently, involuntary emotional expression disorder IEED . ref name ... ref Following FDA approval of a treatment indicated for pseudobulbar affect or PBA , this term is likely ... of pathologic affect an approach to evaluation and treatment journal Seminal Clinical .... Journal of Neurological Sciences 169 43 48 ref Pseudobulbar affect is a secondary condition Pseudobulbar affect is a condition that occurs secondary to neurological disease or brain injury, and is thought ... 00001 ref ref cite journal author Green RL title Regulation of affect journal Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry ... affect PBA . Distinguishing PBA among disorders of mood and affect. Proceedings of a roundtable ... RS title Pathological display of affect in patients with depression and right frontal brain damage ... condition called pseudobulbar affect PBA . ref http www.biausa.org literature 77385 1 7 2011 PBA Survey ... Affect psychology Affect display References reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Pseudobulbar Affect Category Neurological ... more details
The Single Affect Principle is a musicological term describing the idea that contrasting Affect psychology affects moods or sentiments cannot belong in the one and the same musical movement ref http www.musicalratio.com onaffect.html ref , the harmonic structure of which would thus be limited by Modulation music enharmonic modulation s. It was one of the defining characteristics of pre Classical music Renaissance, Baroque etc. , and gradually became obsolete ca. 1800. There has been a resurgence of its use in contemporary Musical historicism historicist music. References references Category Musicology ... more details
The Affect Infusion Model AIM is a theoretical model in the field of human psychology. Developed by Joseph Forgas in the early 1990s, it attempts to explain how mood psychology mood affects one s ability to process information. A key assertion of the AIM is that the effects of mood tend to be exacerbated in complex situations that demand substantial cognitive processing. In other words, as situations become more complicated and unanticipated, mood becomes more influential in driving evaluations and responses. Affect infusion Forgas defined the term affect infusion as the process whereby affectively loaded information exerts an influence on and becomes incorporated into the judgmental process ... doi 10.1037 0033 2909.117.1.39 last1 Forgas first1 J.P. year 1995 title Mood and judgment The Affect ... ref In other words, a process that determines the degree to which mood can affect our judgement. According to the AIM, affect or Affect psychology emotion exerts a notable influence not only on information ... circumstance, the person will experience high levels of affect infusion, as their agitated ... affect infusion include choosing whether or not to drink or take drugs, selecting or getting to know ... to Forgas, the varying levels of affect infusion can be seen as a continuum theory continuum , with four ... is also known as the affect as information mechanism. ref cite journal doi 10.1037 0022 3514.45.3.513 ... has identified two overarching conditions under which mood is most likely to affect information ... when affect emotion strongly influences information processing. ref cite journal doi 10.1207 s15327965pli0903 2 last1 Forgas first1 J. P. last2 Vargas first2 P. year 1998 title Affect and behavior inhibition ... of affect are usually indirect and varied, but they have been able to show that affective states have ... affect and desired behavior. For example, many failed attempts to dissuade adolescents from smoking ... of affect on goal choice and task performance url journal Journal of Applied Social Psychology ... more details
In control theory sociology affect control theory proposes that individuals maintain affect psychology affective meanings through their actions and interpretations of events. The activity of social institutions occurs through maintenance of culturally based affective meanings. Affective meaning Besides a denotative meaning, every concept has an affective meaning, or connotation , that varies along three dimensions ref Osgood et al. 1975 . ref evaluation goodness versus badness, potency powerfulness versus powerlessness, and activity liveliness versus torpidity. Affective meanings can be measured with semantic differential s yielding a three number profile indicating how the concept is positioned ... is called a sentiment, or fundamental affective meaning, in affect control theory. Affect ... psychological stress. ref Heise 2007 , pp. 60 62. ref The basic cybernetic idea of affect control .... 118 124 Heise 2007 , pp. 53 55. ref Affect control theory s sentiment databases and mathematical model ... interaction in various cultures. Emotions According to affect control theory, an event generates ... & Thomas 1989 Schr der 2011 Smith et al. 2001 . ref Affect control theory s computer simulation ... the son as an arrogant brat. Affect control theory s computer program predicts the plausible re ... and non institutionalized. ref Heise 2006 . ref Applications Affect control theory has been ... 2007 , Chapter 19. ref and at the research program s website. See also Affect display References reflist ... Events Affect and the Construction of Social Action place New York publisher Cambridge University ... as Affect Control place Albany, NY publisher State University of New York Press . Citation doi 10.1177 ... concept stability in affect control theory periodical Social Psychology Quarterly volume 69 issue ... Social Interaction Advances in Affect Control Theory place New York publisher Gordon and Breach . This is a reprint ... socpsy ACT Affect Control Theory website DEFAULTSORT Affect Control Theory Category Control ... more details
unreferenced date December 2010 In linguistics , approbatives are words or grammatical forms that denote a positive Affect linguistics affect that is, they express the appreciation or approval of the speaker. Sometimes a term may begin as a pejorative word and eventually be adopted in an approbative sense. In historical linguistics , this phenomenon is known as Semantic change amelioration e.g., punk subculture punk . See also Laudative , or praising affect Pejorative , or negative affect Category Pejoratives ling stub ... more details
Wiktionary laudative Laudatives are words or grammatical forms that denote a positive Affect linguistics affect . That is, they express praise or approval on the part of the speaker. Laudatory words in English include phrases such as he s a saint for a helpful person , this is ambrosia for a meal there is also the concept of laudatory intonation, as in What a house said with an air of wonder. What a ... with different intonation can also express contempt. This word derives from the Latin verb, laudare , meaning to praise. See also Pejorative , or negative affect References reflist Category Pejoratives ling stub sociology stub ... more details
EHV may refer to Extra high voltage , a type of power supply Equine herpesvirus , a group of viruses that affect horses disambig nl EHV ... more details
Needy may refer to wiktionary Poverty Codependency , a tendency to behave in overly passive or excessively caretaking ways that adversely affect one s relationships and quality of life disambiguation ... more details
There are two classes of lymphoma s that affect the skin Cutaneous T cell lymphoma Cutaneous B cell lymphoma disambig Category Lymphoid related cutaneous conditions Category Lymphoma de Kutanes Lymphom ... more details
A cell envelope antibiotic is an antibacterial that acts primarily at the level of the cell envelope . Examples include cycloserine , penicillin , and polymyxin B . ref name urlAntibiotics that affect the cell envelope cite web url http pathmicro.med.sc.edu fox antibiotics1.htm title Antibiotics that affect the cell envelope work accessdate ref References reflist Cell wall disruptive antibiotics Category Antibiotics antibiotic stub ... more details
The name Miriam has been used for six tropical cyclones in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. 1978 Pacific hurricane season Hurricane Miriam 1978 s Hurricane Miriam , a category one storm that threatened Hawaii but did not affect land 1982 Pacific hurricane season Hurricane Miriam 1982 s Hurricane Miriam , a category one that didn t affect land 1988 s Hurricane Joan Miriam Tropical Storm Miriam , continuation of Hurricane Joan which originally formed in the Atlantic Ocean and crossed into the Pacific 1994 Pacific hurricane season Tropical Storm Miriam 1994 s Tropical Storm Miriam , a short lived storm that did not affect land 2000 Pacific hurricane season Tropical Storm Miriam 2000 s Tropical Storm Miriam , a short lived storm that hit Baja California as a weak storm 2006 Pacific hurricane season Tropical Storm Miriam 2006 s Tropical Storm Miriam , a short lived tropical storm that did not affect land disambig DEFAULTSORT Miriam Category Pacific hurricane disambiguation pt Furac o Miriam ... more details
Script theory is a psychological theory which posits that human behaviour largely falls into patterns called scripts because they function analogously to the way a written script does, by providing a program for action. Silvan Tomkins created script theory as a further development of his Affect theory , which regards human beings emotional responses to stimuli as falling into categories called affects he noticed that the purely biological response of affect may be followed by awareness and by what we cognitively do in terms of acting on that affect so that more was needed to produce a complete explanation of what he called human being theory . In Script theory, the basic unit of analysis is called a scene , defined as a sequence of events linked by the affects triggered during the experience of those events. Tomkins recognised that our affective experiences fall into patterns that we may group together according to criteria such as the types of persons and places involved and the degree of intensity of the effect experienced, which patterns in turn constitute scripts that inform our behaviour in an effort to maximize positive affect and to minimize negative affect. References Nathanson, Donald L. Shame and Pride Affect, Sex, and the Birth of the Self. London W.W. Norton, 1992 Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky and Adam Frank,eds. 1995. Shame and Its Sisters A Silvan Tomkins Reader. Durham and London Duke University Press. Tomkins, Silvan. Script Theory. The Emergence of Personality. Eds. Joel Arnoff, A. I. Rabin, and Robert A. Zucker. New York Springer Publishing Company, 1987. 147 216. Tomkins, Silvan. Script Theory Differential Magnification of Affects. Nebraska Symposium On Motivation 1978. Ed. Richard A. Deinstbier. Lincoln, NE University of Nebraska Press, 1979. 201 236. External links http tomkins.org home http www.affectivetherapy.co.uk Tomkins affect.html http www.brianlynchmd.com AT resources.htm See also Affect theory Silvan Tomkins Category Psychological theories ... more details
, A. & Isen, A.M. 2002 . The Influence of Positive Affect on Components of Expectancy Motivation. Journal ... Affect s Facilitation of Cognitive Flexibility, Innovation, and Problem Solving. Psychological Inquiry 13 1 57 65. Isen, A. M. 2001 . An Influence of Positive Affect on Decision Making in Complex Situations .... Isen, A. M. 2000 . Some Perspectives on Positive Affect and Self Regulation. Psychological Inquiry 11 3 184 187. Book chapters Isen, A.M. & Erez, A. 2006 . Some measurement issues in the study of affect ... Affect Facilitates Thinking and Problem Solving. In Manstead, A.S.R., N. Frijda, and A. Fischer Eds. Feelings and Emotions The Amsterdam Symposium. pp. 263 281 . NY Cambridge. Isen, A. M. Positive Affect .... Isen, A.M. & Labroo, A.A. 2003 . Some Ways in Which Positive Affect Facilitates Decision Making ... Research. NY, Cambridge 365 393. Isen, A.M. 2003 . Positive Affect, Systematic Cognitive Processing, and Behavior Toward Integration of Affect, Cognition, and Motivation. In F. Dansereau and F.J. Yammarino ... of Positive Affect on Social Behavior and Cognitive Processes. Handbook of Positive Psychology ... 528 540. Isen, A. M. 2000 . Positive Affect and Decision Making. Handbook of Emotions. 2nd Edition, M ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
