Acids and bases The proton affinity , E sub pa sub , of an anion or of a neutral atom or molecule is a measure of its gas phase basicity . It is the energy released in the following reactions ref http goldbook.iupac.org P04907.html Proton affinity. Compendium of Chemical Terminology . ref A sup &minus sup H sup sup &rarr HA B H sup sup &rarr BH sup sup These reactions are always exergonic in the gas phase, i.e. energy is released when the reaction advances in the direction shown. However, proton affinities are conventionally quoted with the opposite sign convention from most other thermodynamic properties, a positive E sub pa sub indicating an intake of energy by the system. This is the same sign convention as is used for electron affinity . Acid base chemistry The higher the proton affinity, the stronger the base and the weaker the conjugate acid in the gas phase . The strongest known base is the methanide anion E sub pa sub 1743 kJ mol , slightly stronger than the hydride ion E sub pa sub 1675 kJ mol , ref name Bartmess Bartmess, J. E. Scott, J. A. McIver, R. T. 1979 . Journal of the American Chemical Society J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101 6046. ref making methane the weakest proton acid ref The term proton acid is used to distinguish these acids from Lewis acid s. It is the gas phase equivalent of the term Br nsted acid . ref in the gas phase, followed by dihydrogen . The weakest known base is the helium atom E sub pa sub 177.8 kJ mol , ref name Lias ... Inorg. Synth. 11 113. ref br clear all To a first approximation, the proton affinity of a base in the gas ... of aqueous acidity Proton affinity HHe sup sup g H sup sup g He g align right 178 kJ mol ref name ... proton affinity and pK sub a sub are measures of the acidity of a molecule, and so both reflect the thermodynamic ... an intrinsic property of the molecule in isolation. In contrast, proton affinity is an intrinsic ... species. Proton affinity, on the other hand, is not a measure of free energy. See also Proton affinity ... more details
infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Affinity title orig translator image Image Affinitycover.jpg 200px image caption UK paperback cover author Sarah Waters illustrator cover artist country United Kingdom language English language English series genre Historical fiction publisher Virago release date 1999 english release date media type Print Paperback pages 368 isbn ISBN 1 86049 691 1 oclc 40714318 preceded by followed by Affinity is a 1999 historical fiction novel by Sarah Waters . It is the author s second novel, following Tipping the Velvet , and followed by Fingersmith novel Fingersmith . Plot summary Margaret Prior also called Peggy and Aurora , an unmarried woman from an upper class family, visits the Millbank Prison in the 1870s Victorian era England. The protagonist is an overall unhappy person, recovering from her father s death and her subsequent failed suicide attempt and struggling with her lack of power living at home with her over involved mother despite being almost 30. She becomes a Lady Visitor of the prison, hoping to escape her troubles and be a guiding figure in the lives of the female prisoners. As she peers through a flap in the door, entranced by the sight of a young woman with a flower, she is reminded of a Carlo Crivelli painting. Of all her friendships with prisoners, she is most fascinated by this woman, who she learns to be Selina Dawes, Mediumship medium of spirits. Acclaim Arts Council of Wales Book of the Year Award shortlist , 2000 Ferro Grumley Award for Lesbian and Gay Fiction, 2000 Lambda Literary Award for Fiction shortlist , 2000 Mail on Sunday John Llewellyn Rhys Prize shortlist , 2000 Somerset Maugham Award for Lesbian and Gay Fiction, 2000 Sunday Times Young Writer of the Year Award, 2000 ... based on Davies adaptation of Affinity film Affinity premiered on 19 June 2008 at the opening night ... your sister has now has that other soul, that has the affinity with her soul I hope it is. But it may ... more details
Affinity taxonomy mainly in life sciences or natural history refers to resemblance suggesting a common descent , Phylogenetics phylogenetic relationship , or type. ref name isbn0 19 861271 0 cite book author Brown, Lesley title The New shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles publisher Clarendon location Oxford Eng. year 1993 pages isbn 0 19 861271 0 oclc doi accessdate ref The term does, however, have broader application, such as in geology for example, in descriptive and theoretical works ref name isbn1 86239 220 X cite book author Gibbons, Wes Teresa Moreno title The Geology of Chile publisher Geological Society of London location London year 2007 pages isbn 1 86239 220 X oclc doi accessdate ref ref name isbn1 86239 246 3 cite book author Mader, Hermann title The Geology of Central Europe Volume 1 Precambrian and Palaeozoic The Geological Society of London publisher Geological Society of London location London year 2008 pages isbn 1 86239 246 3 oclc doi accessdate ref , and similarly in astronomy for example, see Centaur object in the context of 2060 Chiron s close affinity with icy comet nuclei. ref Centaur object. Encyclop dia Britannica. Encyclop dia Britannica 2007 Ultimate Reference Suite . Chicago Encyclop dia Britannica, 2011. ref Basis In taxonomy the basis of any particular type of classification is the way in which objects in the domain resemble each other . A resemblance of a type that seems appropriate to the classification that we propose, we may call an affinity , and when we decide how to classify say, a specimen of rock or butterfly, we justify our decision according to the affinities that we observe. Other resemblances we dismiss as being out of context or at least non cogent for example, in deciding whether to classify a lizard as having ... be a significant affinity in comparing different types of related organisms such as crustacean s, but irrelevant ... that is implicit in such dictionary definitions as Affinity the closeness of relation between ... more details
Infobox Company company name Affinity Gaming company logo File Affinity Gaming logo.png 160px company type Privately held company Private company slogan foundation Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S. 1987 location Paradise, Nevada Paradise , Nevada, U.S. 8449 Russell Road is in Paradise per CC Assessor key people David D. Ross CEO num employees industry Entertainment & Hospitality products Casino game Casino Games br Resort s revenue homepage URL herbstgaming.com Affinity Gaming , formerly known as Herbst Gaming , is a casino and slot route operator based in Paradise, Nevada Paradise , Nevada, United States that operates under the name Terrible s . It shares its logo and headquarters with the family owned Terrible Herbst Terrible Herbst Oil Company gas station franchise. History File Herbst Gaming logo.jpg thumb The old logo of Herbst Gaming The business traces it roots to the Terrible Herbst Oil Company founded in 1959 by Ed Herbst grandfather of the current owners which owns gasoline station s throughout Nevada, California, Utah and Arizona. ref http www.terribleherbst.com gas locations.html ref The stations bear the logo of a terrible cowboy wearing a handlebar mustache and black hat. ref cite web url http ir.herbstgaming.com phoenix.zhtml?c 130603&p irol irhome title Investor Relations Home accessdate 2009 03 12 work publisher Herbst Gaming date ref In 1987 Herbst Gaming was formed by brothers Ed Herbst, Troy Herbst and Tim Herbst grandchildren of the patriarch to service the slot machines ... from Chapter 11 on December 31, 2010 under new ownership and changed its name to Affinity Gaming ... In March 2012, Affinity sold the Terrible s Town Casino and Terrible s Lakeside Casino & RV Park in Pahrump ... date 1 March 2012 ref Golden in turn sold to Affinity three casinos in Black Hawk, Colorado the Golden Gates, Golden Gulch, and Golden Mardi Gras. ref name stutz On the same day, Affinity sold the Terrible ... Affinity Gaming Category Affinity Gaming Category Gambling companies of the United States Category ... more details
File Electron Affinity in Band Diagram.png thumb Electron affinity E sub EA sub in a band diagram for solids .... The electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released ... GoldBookRef title Electron affinity file E01977 ref X e sup sup X sup sup This property is measured ... of the electron affinity and ionization potential . ref Robert S.Mulliken, Journal of Chemical Physics ... electron affinity include electronic chemical potential and chemical hardness . Another example, a molecule or atom that has a more positive value of electron affinity than another is often called ... reactions. In solids, the electron affinity is the energy difference between the vacuum energy ..., electron affinity can also be defined as the amount of energy required to detach an electron ... Electron affinities of the elements Main Electron affinity data page Although E sub ea sub varies greatly ... be found in group 2A, and this trend only applies to group 1A atoms. Electron affinity follows the trend of electronegativity. Fluorine F has a higher electron affinity than oxygen and so on. The following ... Actinides Synthetic center PeriodicTablesKey Molecular electron affinities The electron affinity of molecules is a complicated function of their electronic structure. For instance the electron affinity ... are positive. In silico experiments show that the electron affinity of hexacyanobenzene surpasses ... Abstract ref Electron affinity of surfaces The electron affinity measured from a material s surface is a function of the bulk material as well as the surface condition. Often negative electron affinity ... affinity is one parameter. For one illustration of the apparent effect of surface termination ... 348 349. External links http www.iupac.org goldbook E01977.pdf Electron affinity , definition from the IUPAC Gold Book DEFAULTSORT Electron Affinity Category Atomic physics Category Chemical bonding ... eletr nica ru simple Electron affinity sl Elektronska afiniteta sr ... more details
Affinity analysis is a data analysis and data mining technique that discovers co occurrence relationships among activities performed by or recorded about specific individuals or groups. In general, this can be applied to any process where agents can be unique identifier uniquely identified and information about their activities can be recorded. In retail, affinity analysis is used to perform market basket analysis , in which retailers seek to understand the purchase behavior of customers. This information can then be used for purposes of cross selling and up selling , in addition to influencing sales promotion s, loyalty programs, store design, and Discounts and allowances discount plans . ref name demystifyingmba cite web title Demystifying Market Basket Analysis url http www.information management.com specialreports 20061031 1067598 1.html accessdate 3 November 2009 ref Examples Market basket analysis might tell a retailer that customers often purchase shampoo and conditioner correlation together , so putting both items on promotion at the same time would not create a significant increase in profit, while a promotion involving just one of the items would likely drive sales of the other. Market basket analysis can be used to cluster analysis divide customers into groups . A company could look at what other items people purchase along with eggs, and classify them as baking a cake if they re buying eggs along with flour and sugar or making omelets if they re buying eggs along with bacon and cheese . This identification could then be used to drive other programs. Business use Business use of market basket analysis has significantly increased since the introduction of electronic point of sale . ref name demystifyingmba Amazon.com Amazon uses affinity analysis for cross selling when it recommends products to people based on their purchase history and the purchase history of other ... An overview of Market Basket Analysis DEFAULTSORT Affinity Analysis Category Data mining de Warenkorbanalyse ... more details
col begin col 3 Affinitycanonlaw Apostolic Administrator Apostolic constitution Apostolic vicariate ...CanonLaw The canonlaw of the Catholic Church , is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary ... degrees in canonlaw are the J.C.B. Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus , Bachelor of CanonLaw, normally taken as a graduate degree , J.C.L. Juris Canonici Licentiatus , Licentiate of CanonLaw and the J.C.D. Juris Canonici Doctor , Doctor of CanonLaw . Because of its specialized nature, advanced degrees in civil law or theology are normal prerequisites for the study of canonlaw. Early sources In the first ... century, the Roman Church began to collect and organize its canonlaw, which after a millennium ... 2001, The 1917 Pio Benedictine Code of CanonLaw ref such as the effects of baptism canon 87 . In the succeeding ... January 1983. This edition is referred to as the 1983 Code of CanonLaw to distinguish it from the 1917 ... canonlaw had already, under Pope Pius XII , been put in the form of short canons. These parts ... of the Church s canonlaw as a result a distinct Code for members of the Eastern Catholic Churches ... of CanonLaw in matters where Eastern and Latin traditions diverge, such as terminology, discipline ... canons 750 and 1371 of the 1983 Code of CanonLaw and two canons 598 and 1436 of the 1990 Code of Canons ... Code of CanonLaw clarifying that, among those in Holy Orders, only bishops and priests received ... Canonlaw corpus The present Canonlaw corpus is made up of three major documents the Code of Canon ... law and Church office Under the 1983 Code of CanonLaw, all seminary students are required to take courses in canonlaw. ref Canon 252 3, 83 CIC ref Some ecclesiastical officials are required to have the doctorate Doctor of CanonLaw JCD or at least the licentiate Licentiate of CanonLaw JCL in canonlaw in order to fulfill their functions judicial vicars ref 83 CIC Canon 1420 4 ref judges ref ..., or at least licensed in canonlaw or theology. ref Canon 478 1 ref Ordinarily, bishops ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Lex is Latin for one sense of the English term, law. In the Canon law Catholic Church Canon Law of the Catholic Church , lex refers to law which has been formulated in written form and promulgated by competent authority. While this is the usual sense of law in modern legal systems, the legal system of the Catholic Church includes another form of law, ius Canon Law ius , which refers to the oral teachings, practices, customs, theological understandings of liturgy and liturgical practices generally prior to the Council of Nicea in 325 a.d., when written legislation became the normative means of communicating Church law. Lex takes several forms Decrees or canons of ecumenical council s. Decrees or canons of regional Church councils or synod s regionally binding Decrees or decretals of the Pope. Canon law Catholic Church Canon Law binding either universally or by rite It is important to understand that much of Church legislation unless otherwise stated is either a development of earlier law or a restatement of earlier law, particularly law contained in the oral tradition from apostolic teaching, or ius . DEFAULTSORT Lex Canon Law Category Canon law Catholic Church RC Canon law stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The Anglican Communion as a whole, unlike the Roman Catholic Church , does not have a centralized canon law of its own. Each of the autonomous member churches of Anglicanism, however, does have a canonical system. Some, such as the Church of England have an ancient, highly developed canon law while others, such as the Episcopal Church in the United States have a less refined system. See also Ecclesiastical Law Society Law DEFAULTSORT Canon Law Anglican Churches Category Anglican theology and doctrine Category Canon law Anglican ... more details
CanonLaw refimprove date February 2011 The 1983 Code of CanonLaw abbreviated 1983 CIC from its Latin title Codex or Codicis Iuris Canonici is the codification of CanonLaw Catholic Church canonical Law ... , promulgated in 1990. History The current Code of CanonLaw is the second codification of Latin ecclesiastical law, replacing the 1917 Code of CanonLaw Pio Benedictine code that had been promulgated in 1917. ref Ap. Const. Providentissima Mater Ecclesia ref See also CanonLaw Catholic Church Codification CanonLaw Codification and Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches . beatification Blessed Pope ... of revising the 1917 CIC. It was not feasible to revise the Code of CanonLaw until after ... the Code of CanonLaw through the pontificate of Pope Paul VI , completing the work in the first ... Code of CanonLaw for all members of the Catholic Church who belonged to the Latin Rite . It entered ... as possible its essential point of reference. Structure The 1983 Code of CanonLaw contains 1752 ... all five subdivisions. This is the outline of the seven books of the 1983 Code of CanonLaw ... ENG1104 INDEX.HTM Code of CanonLaw with the 1998 modification of canons 750 and 1371 English translation by the CanonLaw Society of America http www.intratext.com IXT ENG0017 INDEX.HTM Code of CanonLaw English translation by the CanonLaw Society of Great Britain and Ireland, assisted by the CanonLaw Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Canadian CanonLaw Society References reflist Category Canonlaw Catholic Church Category Canonlaw cs Kodex kanonick ho pr va de Codex Iuris ... a citation of the Code would be written as Can. or Canon 934, 2, 1 . The Code is organized into seven ... and Tribunals Notable Canons put Canon XYZ in bold XYZ Canon 97 reduces the canonical Age of Majority Catholic Church age of majority from 21 to 18, according to the consensus of law civil law . Canons ... of Canon 915 is quite controversial. See the article Canon 915 for more information ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Licentiate of CanonLaw Latin Juris Canonici Licentia J.C.L. is the title of an advanced graduate degree with canonical effects in the Roman Catholic Church offered by pontifical universities and ecclesiastical faculties of canonlaw . Licentiate is the title of a person who holds an academic degree called a licence. Licentiate programs in canonlaw involve a study of the whole corpus of Roman Church law , understood in terms of its theological, philosophical, and historical background, and the method and practice of scholarly scientific research. Consequently, experts in canonlaw have a comprehensive understanding of the nature of law specifically in the life of the Church. The usual prerequisites for a license in canonlaw are that a candidate must have the bachelor of sacred theology degree Bachelor of Sacred Theology S.T.B. master of divinity degree M.Div. , master of arts Master of Arts postgraduate M.A. degree in Roman Catholic theology , or juris doctor Juris Doctor J.D. degree and a bachelor s degree in canonlaw J.C.B. or its relative equivalent. In order for a candidate to obtain the licentiate of canonlaw, he or she must complete a six semester, that is, three year, program of canonical studies, pass a comprehensive oral examination before ... s ability to function professionally in the field. The license in canonlaw is required for a person to teach canonlaw in a pontifical university or seminary . The license is also the prerequisite ... the license in canonlaw include the Catholic University of America , Saint Paul University in Canada ... Wilhelms Universit t M nster in Germany and the Faculty of CanonLaw S. Pio X in Venice of Studium Generale Marcianum . Academic degrees DEFAULTSORT Licentiate Of CanonLaw Category Roman Catholic education Category Christian education Category Master s degrees CanonLaw Category Religious degrees Category Law degrees cs Licenci t kanonick ho pr va lt Kanon teis s licenciatas ... more details
Infobox Organization name CanonLaw Society of America image Clsa logo big.png image border size 205px caption Logo of the CanonLaw Society of America map msize mcaption motto formation November 12, 1939 type Professional Society headquarters Washington, DC location United States membership language leader title President leader name Mrs. Rita F. Joyce, J.D., J.C.L. key people Sr. Sharon Euart, R.S.M., J.C.D., Executive Coordinator num staff budget website http www.clsa.org COI date October 2008 The CanonLaw Society of America is a professional association dedicated to the promotion of both the study and the application of canonlaw in the Catholic Church . The Society s membership includes over fifteen hundred men and women who reside in forty three countries. Not all members are Catholic. History A group of canonists established the CanonLaw Society of America on November 12, 1939, in Washington, DC, as a professional association, dedicated to the promotion of both the study and the application of canonlaw in the Catholic Church . The Society remains active in study and the promotion of canonical and pastoral approaches to significant issues within the Catholic Church, both the Latin ... since Blessed Pope John XXIII called for the revision of the first Code of CanonLaw of 1917, the Society ... of church law. On February 13, 1981, the Society incorporated as a non profit corporation in the District of Columbia. ref name CLSA broch CanonLaw Society of America Brochure. CLSA Publications. 2007 ... annual convention will be held in Rosemont Chicago , IL. ref CanonLaw Society of America. http ... greater understanding and application of canonlaw. References references External links http www.clsa.org Official website http www.canonlaw.info canonlaw diss.htm Doctoral Dissertations in CanonLaw http www.vatican.va The Holy See The Official Site of the Vatican http www.usccb.org The United ... CanonLaw Society Of America Category Canonlaw ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Ius or jus is Latin for one sense of the English word, law. In the Canonlaw Catholic Church CanonLaw of the Catholic Church , ius refers to custom, practice or Tradition. The early law of the Church, especially prior to the First Council of Nicaea in 325 a.d., was largely unwritten, at least in the form of law, but existed in the practices, customs and teachings of the early Christian community. What largely was communicated generation to generation was an oral tradition passed from the apostles to the Bishops, and from Bishops and priests to the faithful through their preaching and way of life. Some of what is included in the term ius would be interpretations of particular scriptural passages, theological understandings of the liturgy and liturgical practices themselves. Evidence for the content of this oral tradition of teaching is found among the writings of the Early Church Fathers as well as in the later legislation of the Church or lex Canonlaw lex . Ius is typically understood in contradistinction to lex . The Early Church, which existed more or less under persecution in the Roman Empire prior to Constantine I in the early fourth century, was not in a position to gather large councils for the purpose of legislation or theological clarification prior to 325 a. d. Laws formalized as lex after 325 a.d. are sometimes falsely interpreted as having a new content. This is usually not the case. Most Church legislation is either a development of prior teaching, or practice or re affirmation of teaching or practice unless otherwise expressly stated. Category Canonlaw Catholic Church RC Canonlaw stub ... more details
on the study of medieval and modern history and kindred subjects The History of the CanonLaw in England 1 The History of the CanonLaw in England External links http www.webcitation.org 5rLMCPc01 ... of England complete text Law Anglican stub England law stub Category Church of England Category Anglican theology and doctrine Category Canonlaw England Category English law ... more details
See also Age of accountability Age of accountability Coming of age Infant baptism Arguments against infant baptism Original sin l1 Age of accountability l3 Arguments against infant baptism In the Roman Catholic Church , the age of reason , also called the age of discretion , is the Ageing age at which children become capable of moral responsibility . On completion of the seventh year a minor law minor is presumed to have the use of reason ref http www.vatican.va archive ENG1104 PC.HTM Code of Canon Law, canon 97 2 ref , but mental retardation or insanity could prevent some individuals from ever reaching it. Children under the age of reason and the mentally handicapped are sometimes called Innocence innocents because of their inability to commit sin s even if their actions are objectively sinful, they sometimes lack capacity for subjective guilt . While in the Eastern Church es Confirmation sacrament Confirmation also known as Chrismation and Eucharist are bestowed on the infant who has just been baptized, in Latin Rite Catholicism, confirmation except in danger of death may be lawfully conferred only on a person who has the use of reason ref http www.vatican.va archive ENG1104 P33.HTM Code of Canon Law, canon 889 2 ref , and Holy Communion may be administered to children only if ref http www.vatican.va archive ENG1104 P39.HTM Code of Canon Law, canon 913 ref blockquote they have sufficient knowledge and careful preparation so that they understand the mystery of Christ according to their capacity and are able to receive the body of Christ with faith and devotion. The Most Holy Eucharist, however, can be administered to children in danger of death if they can distinguish the body of Christ from ordinary food and receive communion reverently. References reflist See also Age of Majority Catholic Church Age of criminal responsibility Category Canon law Catholic Church RC Canon law stub ... more details
Clandestinity is a Annulment Annulment in the Catholic Church diriment impediment in the Canonlaw Catholic Church canonlaw of the Roman Catholic Church . It requires the presence of witnesses to the marriage vows, one of which must be a priest or a deacon, in order for the marriage to be valid. It was promulgated in the 16th century by the Council of Trent in the decree called Tametsi . Prior to that time, an clandestine marriage unwitnessed exchange of marriage vows was deplored but valid, and the decree was enforced only in those regions where it could be proclaimed in the vernacular. The witnesses must be the parish priest, or another priest with permission either from the parish priest or the local ordinary, and the other two witnesses must be capable of giving witness to the marriage vows. It was later modified, by the decree Ne Temere , to require specific priests, such as the local pastor of the couple s residence. Further modifications provided that the priest was not necessary if one of the marrying parties was in danger of death, or the vows could not be exchanged before a priest in a reasonable amount of time. External links CathEncy wstitle Clandestinity in CanonLaw http www.catholic forum.com saints ncd05095.htm marriage without a priest from New Catholic Dictionary Category Canonlaw Catholic Church Category Marriage in Christianity RC Canonlaw stub ... more details
Doctor of CanonLaw lang la Juris Canonici Doctor J.C.D. is the doctoral level terminal degree in the studies of Canonlaw Catholic Church canonlaw of the Roman Catholic Church . It may also be abbreviated ... of CanonLaw . Doctor of both laws i.e. canon and civil are J.U.D. Juris Utriusque Doctor , or U.J.D. Utriusque Juris Doctor . A doctorate in canonlaw normally requires at least two years of additional ... of canonlaw after having earned the degree Licentiate of CanonLaw . Only pontifical universities and ecclesiastical faculties of canonlaw may grant the doctorate or licentiate in canonlaw. The Licentiate of CanonLaw is a three year degree, the prerequisite for the study of which is normally ... degree in canonlaw J.C.B. or its relative equivalent. While not a civil law degree, the doctor of canonlaw is in some ways comparable to the Doctor of Juridical Science J.S.D. or Legum Doctor ... , and promoters of justice , must possess either a doctorate or license in canonlaw. Either of the degrees ... for bishop must either possess the doctorate in canonlaw or the doctorate in sacred theology or be truly ... the Gregorian Reform s emphasis on canonlaw , bishops formed cathedral schools to train the clergy in canonlaw . Consequently, many of the medieval universities of Europe founded faculties of canon ... of Louvain , Faculty of CanonLaw S. Pio X in Venice . Other Catholic universities with ecclesiastical faculties in canonlaw were subsequently given the ability to grant the degree e.g., The Catholic ... awarded a Doctorate in CanonLaw by the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas Angelicum ref ... University School of Law USA awarded a Doctorate in CanonLaw by the Pontifical University of St ... in CanonLaw by the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas Angelicum ref Cf. http 212.77.1.245 ... Edwin , Dean of CanonLaw Faculty in Venice Awarded a Doctorate in CanonLaw in Rome, and a Doctorate ... for the Interpretation of Legislative Texts awarded a Doctorate in CanonLaw by the Pontifical ... more details
Canonlaw is recognised as the personal law of Catholics in India. The Supreme Court of India has held ... of the origin, development and legal status of canonlaw in India is given in the book Christian Law on Marriage, Adoption & Guardianship and CanonLaw on Marriage by Dr. Sebastian Champappilly and published by Southern Law Publishers, Cochin 22, Kerala, India Historical evolution of canonlaw In the early ... of the Synod of Diamper were passed on to the posterity as the CanonLaw of the Syrians of Malabar ... all over the world by the Ne Temere decree of August 2, 1907. Thereafter, the CanonLaw of the Western ... Catholics in India is the CanonLaw of the Church of Rome. See Lakshmi Sanyal V. S.K. Dhar AIR 1972 ... Saldanha v. Saldanha. ILR 54 Bom. 288 at p 292 . The Code of CanonLaw, 1983 As far as the Latin Catholics ... in 1983 under the title, the Code of CanonLaw. Therefore, there is no difficulty in tracing ... differences between the canonlaw of the Syrian Catholics and that of the Latin Catholics ... Catholics. Codification of canonlaw applicable to Catholics of the oriental churches, including that of the Syrian ... Victor J. Pospishill, Code of Oriental CanonLaw the Law on Marriage . 1962 Chicago, at 17 . And it remained ... became effective from 1 October, 1991. Hudaya Canon Nomocanon However, neither the Code of CanonLaw ... Codes of CanonLaw came to be applied to different denominations of Christians in India. And in the administration ... of 1872 were enacted. Legal status of CanonLaw A careful analysis of the provisions of canonlaw would show that the above proposition is the accepted position in CanonLaw itself See Canon 1672 and 1152 of the Code of CanonLaw and Canon 1358 and 863 of the Code of Canons for the Eastern Churches . By Canon 1108 of the Code of CanonLaw, Catholics are bound to observe the form of marriage prescribed by the canonlaw. The form of the marriage is, therefore, essential to the validity of the marriage, and the canonlaw impliedly forbids any marriage which is not sacramental as well as a contractual ... more details
Privilege in the Canonlaw Catholic Church Canonlaw of the Roman Catholic Church is the legal concept whereby someone is exempt from the ordinary operation of the law over time for some specific purpose ..., ref James A. Brundage, Medieval CanonLaw 161 Longman 1995 Decretum Gratiani , D 3 c. 3 ref p ... was not permitted to exercise. ref James A. Brundage, Medieval CanonLaw 161 Longman 1995 at 160 ... should properly be termed Dispensation Catholic Church dispensation , if they waived the Canonlaw requirement that an individual hold a particular qualification to practice law or medicine , as, for example ... of the act made it clearly a privilege. Indeed, medieval canonlaw canonists treated privileges and dispensations as distinct, though related, aspects of the law. Privileges and indult s were both special ... Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, Joseph Michael O Hara & Francis Brennan, CanonLaw 477 486 2d ed., Newman ... Monarch sovereign , or he might do so by way of dispensation from the strict requirements of the Canonlaw. In both cases his authority to do so was found in the canonlaw. The pope s powers as a temporal sovereign are recognised in the Roman Catholic Code of CanonLaw of 1983. In practice matters ..., but it also acted as a dispensation with the requirements of the canonlaw. Still, however they were justified, in canonlaw, the conferral of degrees or degree status gave substantial and substantive ... Petrine Privilege Category Canonlaw ... exceptions to the ordinary operations of the law. But whereas dispensations exempt ed some person ... law or medicine, for example, ref Brundage at 60 ref were legal privileges, since they confer ... sought an academic degree because without one they could not hold a particular office. Canon priest Canon s of certain cathedrals and Westminster Abbey were still required to be degree holders until ... enjoyed by most people, and that they were dispensing with the requirements of the Canon ... more details
In relation to the canonlaw of the Roman Catholic Church , canonists give rules for the exact interpretation and acceptation of words, in order that decrees may be correctly understood and the extent of their obligation determined. Who can give an interpretation? In general, the authentic interpretation of a law may be made by the legislator, or his successor or superior, but when this is not the case recourse must be had to what is called magisterial, or doctrinal, interpretation. It is for this latter mode that rules have been formed. Interpreting the words The words of a law must be understood ... judicial sentence. When the words of a law are doubtful the presumption is in favour of the subjects, not of the lawgiver. References reflist Attribution Catholic wstitle Words in CanonLaw The entry cites Ethelred Taunton , The Law of the Church London, 1906 , s.v. Lucius Ferraris , Bibl. can. , V Rome, 1889 , s.v. Lex. Category Canonlaw ... to that, rather than according to the words of a law, even though they seem to have another sense, because the words are then said not to be nude, but clothed with the will of the lawgiver. When a law is conceived in general terms, it is presumed that no exception was intended that is, where the law ... of the words is to be preferred which favours Equity law equity rather than strict justice ... is absurd, inappropriate, or contradicted by another law. The provisions of a previous statute are not presumed to be changed beyond the express meaning of the words of a new law. When a law is penal ... those explicitly mentioned but when a law concedes favours, its words are to be interpreted according ... which does not prejudice the rights of a third person. No words of a law are ever presumed to be superfluous. In interpreting a law the words must be considered in their context. To give a meaning to words that would render a law useless is a false interpretation. When the words of a law ... more details
A college , in the canonlaw of the Roman Catholic Church , is a collection Latin collegium of persons united together for a common object so as to form one body. The members are consequently said to be incorporated, or to form a corporation. History Colleges existed among the Romans and Greeks from the earliest times. The Roman laws required at least three persons for constituting a college. Legal incorporation was made, at least in some cases, by decrees of the Senate, edicts of the emperor, or by special laws. There were, however, general laws under which colleges could be formed by private persons, and if the authorities judged that the members had conformed to the letter and spirit of these laws, they had incontestable rights as collegia legitima if the requisites were not adhered to they could be suppressed by administrative act. The Colleges could hold property in common and could sue and be sued. In case of failure this common property could be seized, but that of the individual members was not liable to seizure. The Roman collegium was never instituted as a corporation sole still, when reduced to one member, that individual succeeded to all the rights of the corporation and could ... by Louis Duchesne , Hist. anc. de l Eglise Paris 1906, I . ref Canonlaw Most of the prescriptions of the ancient civil law were received into the church law and they are incorporated in the Corpus ... by that body. According to canonlaw three persons are required to form a college. Some authors maintained ..., the canonlaw explicitly affirms that one surviving member can conserve the privileges ... College in CanonLaw The entry cites Pirhing, Jus Canonicum Universum Venice, 1759 , I Lucius Ferraris , Biblioth. Canon. Rome, 1886 , II Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities Category Canonlaw .... By English law they are now purely lay corporations. Apostolic Colleges The title Apostolic College ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A Donation , when referred to in canonlaw in the Roman Catholic Church , is defined as the gratuitous transfer to another of some right or thing. When it consists in placing in the hands of the donee some movable object it is known as a gift of hand donum manuale, an offering or oblatio, an alms . Properly speaking, however, it is a voluntary contract, verbal or written, by which the donor expressly agrees to give, without consideration, something to the donee, and the latter in an equally express manner accepts the gift. In Roman law and in some modern codes this contract carries with it only the obligation of transferring the ownership of the thing in question actual ownership is obtained only by the real traditio or handing over of the thing itself, or by the observation of certain juridically prescribed formalities L. 20, C. De pactis, II, 3 . Such codes distinguish between conventional or imperfect and perfect donation, i.e. the actual transfer of the thing or right. In some countries the contract itself transfers ownership. A donation is called remunerative when inspired by a sentiment of gratitude for services rendered by the donee. Donations are also .... The declaration before the public authority, required by Roman law, is not obligatory in canonlaw ... can always obtain in canonlaw a restitutio in integrum, whereby it is again put in a condition .... In both cases, however, the donation is valid in Canonlaw to the degree in which it respects ... of the canonlaw concerning the alienation of ecclesiastical property. Civil Legislation by 1910 ... post obitum, similar to the Roman law donations in view of death but carrying with them the renunciation ... the protection of the law. Canonical Legislation Donations are valid and obligatory when made by persons ... varied from State to State. In all, however, property rights were recognized by the law in only those ... by a special law. At the same time, it refused to approve the religious congregations which have ... more details
Infobox Company company logo Image Affinity Equity Partners Logo.png 250px Affinity Equity Partners company name Affinity Equity Partners company type Private Company Private Ownership foundation 2002 ... www.affinityequity.com Affinity Equity Partners is one of the largest dedicated Asian private equity firms and focuses on leveraged buyout and growth capital transactions. Affinity invests primarily ..., healthcare, financial services, and business services companies. Affinity typically invests in companies ... , Japan , Korea , Singapore and Taiwan . Affinity was founded by Kok Yew K.Y. Tang and David Lai in 2002 ..., Australia . David Lai left Affinity in 2009. Meantime, some of the portfolio companies, including ... Announcements , June 17, 2009 ref History The two founders of Affinity, K.Y. Tang and David Lai, joined UBS AG UBS Capital in the mid 1990s. Affinity, founded in 2002 , was originally known as UBS ... out as an independent firm in March 2004. In 2004 , Affinity raised its first independent private equity fund, Affinity Asia Pacific Fund II, with 700 million of investor commitments. In 2007 , Affinity raised its next fund Affinity Asia Pacific Fund III with 2.8 billion of investor commitments ... Jones Financial News, January 29, 2007 ref Among Affinity s notable investments are the following Colorado Group Limited an Australian company that operates a chain of clothing retailers acquired by Affinity in a hostile takeover in 2006 . ref http www.theage.com.au news business affinitys affinity for colorado proof that private equity ismainstream player 2006 07 18 1153166383260.html Affinity s affinity ... Hi Mart a South Korean online shopping mall and chain of electronics stores acquired by Affinity, together ... 21, 2007 ref Jaya Holdings Affinity acquired a minority interest in Jaya, a Singapore based offshore ... parts manufacturer acquired by Affinity, together with CCMP Capital CCMP Capital Asia in 2000 and sold ... 2 CCMP, Affinity sell S.Korea s Mando for 690 mln . Reuters , January 21, 2008 ref External links http ... more details
Advert date August 2010 An affinity credit card program allows an organization to offer its members and supporters those who have an affinity for that organization a credit card that promotes the organization s brand and imagery each time a cardholder uses the card. An affinity credit card program may pay the brand owning organization a bonus for each new account generated, plus a percentage of every transaction charged to the card. In some cases the brand owning organization will form a revenue and profit sharing joint venture on a 50 50 basis. The venture is funded by the interchange income from the card scheme such as Mastercards or VISA , fees, charges and credit lent to cardholders. Affinity credit cards are offered by many retailers, shopping centers, airlines, universities , alumni associations , sports teams, professional associations and others, and increasingly by small and mid sized nonprofits and membership based groups that rely on these programs for incremental revenue. The first example was Diners Club in New York, and the concept is now widespread and global. In fact, the explosion in popularity of affinity credit cards helped generate the global expansion on the number and use of credit cards in general. But the affinity credit card industry is changing. To recapture the costs of offering a group s affinity credit card, issuers often prefer working with large organizations that allow direct access to members. This provides the issuer with the group s implied endorsement and access to members for the purpose of cross marketing credit cards and other financial products. An affinity group with sufficient number of members say in excess of 5,000 and who can give access to its membership base will find many banks willing to issue the credit card. External links DEFAULTSORT Affinity Credit Card Category Credit card terminology pl Karta affinity ... more details
Elements Chemical elements data references class wikitable sortable Z Element Name Electron affinity ... ref name Zollweg Electron affinity can be defined in two equivalent ways. First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to a gaseous atom. The energy or electron affinity is a scalar ... E is a negative quantity . The electron affinity is also defined in the case of electron capture ... title Electron affinity file E01977 ref The reverse definition is that the electron affinity is the energy ... be consistent in according a scalar, i.e. positive number to the electron affinity. A negative sign appearing with a value for electron affinity indicates a change in direction, either that electron ... Element Electron affinity br Joule per mole kJ mol References References 1 Hydrogen 72.77 ref name ... affinity br Joule per mole kJ mol References References colspan 2 align center Diatomics Bromine .... Kiyan, I.Y. Hanstorp, D. Pegg, D.J. 2000 . Measurement of the electron affinity of potassium. Phys .... and Martensson Pendrill, A.M. 1995 . Isotope shift in the electron affinity of chlorine. Phys. Rev ... Law. Phys. Rev. A 61 012505 doi 10.1103 PhysRevA.61.012505 . ref ref name BilodeauOs Bilodeau ... 2001 . http prola.aps.org pdf PRA v64 i2 e024501 Electron affinity of Bi using infrared laser photodetachment ..., P. Delsart, C. Trainham, R. 1989 . High Resolution Determination of the Electron Affinity of Fluorine ... of the electron affinity of lanthanum, Journal of Physics B 31 L855 60 doi 10.1088 0953 4075 31 20 002 . ref ref name DavisLu Davis, V.T. Thompson, J.S. 2001 . Measurement of the electron affinity ... Davis, V.T. Thompson, J.S. 2002a . Measurement of the electron affinity of cerium. Phys. Rev. Lett ... . Measurement of the electron affinity of thulium. Phys. Rev. A 65 010501 doi 10.1103 PhysRevA.65.010501 ..., U. Pegg, D.J. 1996a . Electron affinity of Li A state selective measurement. Phys. Rev. A 53 ..., J. Berzinsh, U. Hanstorp, D. 1996b . The Electron Affinity of Tellurium. Zeitschrift f r Physik ... more details
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