Context date October 2009 Affymetrix GeneChip Operating Software GCOS is a software system for managing Affymetrix microarray data. It captures and analyzes the array images, provides workflow tracking of data, manages experiment data, and carries out basic expression analysis. References Empty section date July 2010 External links http www.affymetrix.com products software specific gcos.affx GCOS Home Page http www.affymetrix.com support technical tutorial gcos index.affx GCOS Tutorials http www.affymetrix.com Auth support downloads manuals gcos manual.zip GCOS Manual zip Category Bioinformatics software Category Gene expression Category Microarrays Bioinformatics stub business software stub ... more details
primarysources biography date February 2008 Dr. Stephen P. A. Steve Fodor born in Seattle , Washington U.S. state Washington is the founder of Affymetrix , a company that produces DNA microarrays to screen gene expression and genetic variations in large portions of such genomes as human, rat, and mouse, which is currently widely used in research, and could be used to screen patients for diseases. He was awarded the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities Award for outstanding contributions to Biomolecular Technologies in 2005, and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2009. A scholarly article describing the discovery and advancement of microarray technology and Fodor s contributions to it is available here The emergence and diffusion of DNA microarray technology Author s Lenoir Tim, Giannella Eric Journal Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration Year 2006 Full text http www.j biomed discovery.com content 1 1 11 External links http www.affymetrix.com about affymetrix fodorbio.affx Steve Fodor Biography on Affymetrix web site Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Fodor, Stephen ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Fodor, Stephen Category American biologists Category Living people US business bio stub ... more details
After claiming also late claiming is the practice of filing a US patent application after the publication by a third party of a description of the same invention. ref http www.patentlens.net daisy patentlens 2772.html What is after claiming? Patent Lens blog ref This is possible in US patent law since an inventor has one year after the publication of the description of an invention to get a patent application on file. In order to get the patent, however, the inventor must submit a declaration supported by evidence that he or she conceived of the invention before the third party publication. The inventor must also provide evidence that he or she was diligent in either reducing the invention to practice or in filing the patent application. Example On December 28, 1995, a Synteni now Incyte Genomics patent application WO 95 35505 was published describing a new microarray invention. A Synteni competitor, Affymetrix , filed a patent application describing almost exactly the same invention within six months. This patent application issued as US patent 5800992 . Affymetrix then sued Synteni for patent infringement . The case was eventually settled with both parties cross licensing their patents to each other. ref http papers.ssrn.com sol3 papers.cfm?abstract id 1288313 Bergman et al., Evaluating the risk of patent infringement by means of semantic patent analysis the case of DNA chips , R&D Management 38, 5, 2008. p 552 ref References reflist See also Patent Patent ambush Submarine patent Category United States patent law ... more details
GCOS may refer to Affymetrix GeneChip Operating Software Global Climate Observing System General Comprehensive Operating System , a family of operating systems oriented toward mainframes, originally called GECOS General Electric Comprehensive Operating Supervisor See also GKOS keyboard Geckos GameCube OS A homebrew Operating System for the Nintendo Gamecube and later Nintendo Wii Google Chrome Operating System An open source, lightweight operating system that will initially be targeted at netbooks General Cargo Operational System Transnet Port Terminals Operational System in house built GCOS disambig de GCOS fr GCOS pl GECOS ... more details
The Newcomb Cleveland Prize of the American Association for the Advancement of Science AAAS is annually awarded to author s of outstanding scientific paper published in the Research Articles or Reports sections of Science journal Science . Established in 1923, funded by Newcomb Cleveland who remained anonymous until his death in 1951, and for this period it was known as the AAAS Thousand Dollar Prize . The present rules were instituted in 1975, previously it had gone to the author s of noteworthy papers, representing an outstanding contribution to science, presented in a regular session, sectional or societal, during the AAAS Annual Meeting. It is now sponsored by Affymetrix . External links http www.aaas.org aboutaaas awards newcomb index.shtml http www.aaas.org aboutaaas awards newcomb newcomb winners.shtml http archives.aaas.org awards.php?a id 7 award stub Category Science and engineering awards Category Awards established in 1923 ... more details
RMA may refer to Randolph Macon Academy Rate Monotonic Analysis, the qualitative method used to prepare a system for Rate monotonic scheduling Refusal of medical assistance , where a patient or their medical power of attorney refuses treatment and or transport to a hospital by Emergency Medical Services Regional Mobility Authority Registered Medical Assistant Resource Management Act , an Act of Parliament in New Zealand Respect for Marriage Act Return merchandise authorization , returning goods to the supplier for repair or replacement Revolution in Military Affairs , the recent rapid development of military technology and its corresponding impact on warfare Richmond Metropolitan Authority Risk & Margin Analysis Riverside Museum Associates, a non profit that supports the Riverside Metropolitan Museum Robust Multi chip Average , Affymetrix normalization method Rocky Mountain Arsenal , near Denver, Colorado Royal Marine Artillery , formerly a part of the Royal Marines Royal Military Academy Rubin Museum of Art Russian martial arts MTV Russian Music Awards disambig de RMA fr RMA it RMA ja RMA pt RMA ru RMA ... more details
Infobox Company company name USB Corporation company logo Image USB Logo.png vector logo company type genre foundation 1980s founder location city Cleveland, OH location country USA origins key people area served industry products revenue operating income net income num employees parent divisions subsid owner company slogan Fueling Innovation in Life Science sup TM sup homepage http www.usbweb.com www.usbweb.com dissolved footnotes USB Corporation offers life science products for use in basic research, drug discovery and molecular diagnostics. The company history reaches back to the 1980s, as United States Biochemical, known for Sequenase DNA Polymerase , a genetically modified enzyme used to develop the first easy to use DNA sequencing products. Today, USB focuses on molecular biology and biochemical products for DNA amplification PCR , purification, cloning , protein studies and RNA analysis. USB was acquired by Affymetrix at the start of 2008. Category Research support companies Category Companies based in Cleveland, Ohio US company stub ... more details
Affymetrix Microsoft Eric Topol References references External links http www.navigenics.com partners ... www.affymetrix.com Official Affymetrix site http www.microsoft.com en us default.aspx Official Microsoft ... more details
. Supported formats IGB reads data in dozens of formats, including BAM, BED, Affymetrix CHP, FASTA ... programs developer tools download igb.affx Affymetrix IGB site http bioserver.hci.utah.edu BioInfo ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox Software name GESS developer NCSS, LLC http www.ncss.com latest release version GESS 2006 latest release date May, 2006 operating system Microsoft Windows Windows genre gene expression analysis license Proprietary software website http www.ncss.com www.ncss.com GESS is a computer program for analyzing gene expression data obtained from microarrays. NCSS LLC is the name of the company that produces GESS. NCSS LLC also produces PASS Power Analysis and Sample Size and NCSS for general statistical analysis . GESS Gene Expression Statistical System supports Affymetrix, GenePix, Agilent, generic two channel and generic expression platforms. Statistical Analyses in GESS Fold Change Analysis Paired T Tests One Group T Tests Two Group T Tests One Factor ANOVA Two Factor ANOVA Repeated Measures ANOVA GLM ANOVA Analysis of Covariance Multiple Regression Cox Regression Logistic Regression Principal Components Analysis Hierarchical Cluster Analysis External links http www.ncss.com Official NCSS Homepage Category Bioinformatics software Category Microarrays ... more details
In statistics, quantile normalization is a technique for making two probability distribution distributions identical in statistical properties. To quantile normalize a test distribution to a reference distribution of the same length, sort the test distribution and sort the reference distribution. The highest entry in the test distribution then takes the value of the highest entry in the reference distribution, the next highest entry in the reference distribution, and so on, until the test distribution is a perturbation of the reference distribution. To quantile normalize two or more distributions to each other, without a reference distribution, sort as before, then set to the average usually, arithmetical mean of the distributions. So the highest value in all cases becomes the mean of the highest values, the second highest value becomes the mean of the second highest values, and so on. Generally a reference distribution will be one of the standard statistical distributions such as the Gaussian distribution or the Poisson distribution . The reference distribution can be generated randomly or from taking regular samples from the cumulative distribution function of the distribution. However any reference distribution can be used. Quantile normalization is frequently used in microarray data analysis. References BM Bolstad RA Irizarry M Anstrand & TP Speed 2003 A comparison of normalization methods for high density oligonucleotide array data based on variance and bias . Bioinformatics , 19 2 185 193 External links http www.bea.ki.se staff reimers Web.Pages Affymetrix.Normalization.htm Normalization of Affymetrix Chips Category Data analysis ... more details
Sequencing by Hybridization is a class of methods for determining the order in which nucleotides occur on a strand of DNA . Typically used for looking for small changes relative to a known DNA sequence . The binding of one strand of DNA to its complementary strand in the DNA double helix aka hybridization is sensitive to even single base mismatches when the hybrid region is short or if specialized mismatch detection proteins are present. This is exploited in a variety of ways, most notable via DNA chips or microarrays with thousands to billions of synthetic oligonucleotides found in a genome of interest plus many known variations or even all possible single base variations. The type of sequencing by hybridization described above has largely been displaced by other methods, including sequencing by synthesis, and sequencing by ligation as well as pore based methods . However hybridization of oligonuceleotides is still used in some sequencing schemes, including hybridization assisted pore based sequencing, and reversible hybridization. Examples of commercial systems Affymetrix true sequencing by hybridization http www.nabsys.com NABsys Hybridization assisted pore based sequencing http www.completegenomics.com Complete Genomics Inc. reversible hybridization of probes that call out a single base with each hybridization References Preparata FP, Upfal E. Sequencing by hybridization at the information theory bound an optimal algorithm. J Comput Biol. 2000 7 3 4 621 30. PMID 11108482 Drmanac R et al. Sequencing by hybridization SBH advantages, achievements, and opportunities. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2002 77 75 101. PMID 12227738 Hanna GJ et al. Comparison of Sequencing by Hybridization and Cycle Sequencing for Genotyping of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase . J Clin Microbiol. 2000 July 38 7 2715 2721. PMID 10878069 Church, George M. Genomes for all. Scientific American. 2006 Jan 294 1 52. DOI 10.1038 scientificamerican0106 46 PMID 16468433 See al ... more details
orphan date August 2009 Biobank Central is a web based portal dedicated to advancing the use of human biological materials for research, in order to accelerate the development of new medical therapies and cures. A biobank is a repository that stores biological samples like DNA, tissue, blood, and blood serum. Biobank Central aims to spread public awareness about the critical role of biobanks in research and development, increase the amount of biological data available to researchers, and encourage sharing data among different biobanks around the world. The website provides up to date news about biorepositories, offers patient and public education programs, and hosts an open forum for international collaboration. Biobank Central was launched by FasterCures on April 19, 2006, and in its first year of operation was sponsored by IBM Healthcare and Life Sciences , Affymetrix , Bioaccelerate Holdings Inc. , and Invitrogen Corporation . References Biobanks. WikiAdvocacy. 16 August 2008. Retrieved 2009 06 24. http wikiadvocacy.org index.php BioBanks Imster, Eleanor and Jeremy Shere. Would biobank sharing lead to cures for diseases? EarthSky A Clear Voice for Science. Retrieved 2009 06 24. http www.earthsky.org radioshows 52726 would biobank sharing lead to cures for diseases FasterCures launches Biobank Central. FasterCures. 19 April 2006. Retrieved on 2009 06 24. http www.fastercures.org index.cfm MediaCenter PressReleases Archive?NID 136 External links http www.biobankcentral.org BioBank Central http www.biobankcentral.org WikiAdvocacy http www.twitter.com biobankcentral Twitter http www.fastercures.org FasterCures DEFAULTSORT Biobank Central Category Non profit organizations based in Washington, D.C. Category Healthcare Category Public services Category Healthcare quality Category Organizations established in 2006 ... more details
Infobox scientist name Linda Avey image image size caption birth date 1961 birth place death date death place residence citizenship United States American nationality American ethnicity fields Personal genomics , br Biotechnology workplaces 23andMe alma mater Augustana College dn date January 2012 doctoral advisor academic advisors doctoral students notable students known for Co founder of 23andMe author abbrev bot author abbrev zoo influences influenced awards religion signature footnotes url Linda Avey born 1961 is an United States American biotech analyst, biologist , and the co founder of 23andMe . Avey spent 20 years in sales and business development in biopharmaceuticals. Avey helped develop research programs for Affymetrix and Perlegen Sciences. ref cite web title Anne Wojcicki and Linda Avey Entrepreneurs url http www.pbs.org kcet wiredscience story 90 anne wojcicki and linda avey entrepreneurs.html work PBS accessdate 29 September 2011 ref In 2006, she co founded 23andMe with Anne Wojcicki . ref https www.23andme.com about corporate ref In September 2009, Avey left 23andMe to start research on Alzheimer s her father in law had recently died of the disease ref cite web last Swisher first Kara title 23andMe Co Founder Linda Avey Leaves Personal Genetics Start Up to Focus on Alzheimer s Research url http allthingsd.com 20090904 23andme co founder linda avey leaves start up to focus on alzheimers research work Wall Street Journal accessdate 29 September 2011 ref References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Avey, Linda ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Businessperson DATE OF BIRTH 1960 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Avey, Linda Category American biologists Category American businesspeople Category Living people Category 1960 births US business bio 1960s stub ... more details
new medicines. In 1991 he founded Affymetrix , specializing in using genetics for developing new medicine. He was also involved in the creation of Perlegen Sciences , an Affymetrix Corporate spin ... more details
by Affymetrix in 2000 for 280 million. ref http www.highbeam.com doc 1G1 59316515.html Affymetrix acquires GMS ref In 2003 he became CEO of NimbleGen Systems, ref http www.bioarraynews.com ... more details
Multiple issues primary sources October 2011 BLP sources October 2011 no footnotes October 2011 about the business manager the politician John Andrew Young John A. Young born April 24, 1932 is an American business executive. He was chief executive officer of Hewlett Packard from 1978 to 1992. He also formerly served as a director of Wells Fargo & Company . Biography Young was born in 1932 in Nampa, Idaho . He received his BS degree in electrical engineering in 1953 from Oregon State University , later receiving an MBA degree from Stanford University . Young served in the United States Air Force as a second lieutenant from 1954 to 1956. In 1958 he joined Hewlett Packard, rising to the post of vice president in 1968. He was elected executive vice president and a director in 1974. Young succeeded William Reddington Hewlett William Hewlett as president of Hewlett Packard in 1977, receiving the titles of chief operating officer in 1977 and chief executive officer in 1978. He was elected a director of Chevron Corporation Chevron in 1985. Upon the merger with Texaco in 2000, he became a director of Chevron Texaco, serving until 2003. Having had a long association with competitiveness issues, he chaired President Reagan s Commission on Industrial Competitiveness and in 1986 founded the Council on Competitiveness , serving as chairman until 1990. Young served on President Clinton s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology from 1993 to 2000. Young retired in October 1992 as president and CEO of Hewlett Packard and was succeeded in both posts by Lewis E. Platt . In 1995 he was elected a director of Novell, serving as acting chairman from August 1996 to April 1997 and as vice chairman until 2001. Currently, Young is a director of Affymetrix, Inc., Vermillion, Inc. formerly Ciphbergen Biosystems, Inc. , Fluidigm Corporation, Nanosys Inc., and Perelgen Sciences, Inc. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. In addition to Chevron and Novell, he formerly serve ... more details
Infobox company company name company logo company type location Zurich , Switzerland industry Bioinformatics homepage http www.genevestigator.com www.genevestigator.com Genevestigator is a Web application web based application developed for biologists and medical researchers to rapidly find out in which tissues, at which Developmental stage stages of development , and to what stimuli, drug treatments, diseases, or genetic modifications genes of given organisms are activated. Results are processed from a large database of manually curated and quality controlled Affymetrix DNA microarray microarrays hybridized with RNA samples extracted from a large variety of tissues and conditions. Currently, data is available for human, mouse, rat, Arabidopsis thaliana Arabidopsis , barley, rice, wheat and soybean. Genevestigator was started in January 2004 by scientists from ETH Zurich . Tool for biologists and medical researchers Genevestigator is currently serving a community of 22,000 registered users mostly biologists from the animal and plant research fields. Its tools have been used in molecular biology , toxicogenomics, and biomarker discovery validation. As of April 2009, its original articles have been cited more than 900 times ISI Thomson by researchers using the tools. Four tool sets, each containing several tools, are available Meta Profile Analysis Biomarker Search Clustering Analysis Network Projector Underlying most of the tools is the concept of meta profiles . Meta profiles are representative vectors of expression for a given type of condition. For example, for a gene of interest, its anatomy meta profile is the vector of expression values across all anatomy categories that are available in the database for this gene and organism. In simple terms, it shows how strongly a gene is expressed in different anatomy parts. This holds true also for stages of development or perturbations, which are also summarized into representative expression responses. The concept of me ... more details
NOTOC div style float left width 69 Biotechnology is a technology based on biology , especially when used in agriculture , food science , and medicine . Of the many different definitions available, the one formulated by the UN Convention on Biological Diversity is one of the broadest Biotechnology means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use. Article 2. Use of Terms div style text align right margin right 10px margin bottom 4px Biotechnology More about Biotechnology... div div div style float right width 29 Biotechnology title MINUTE CURRENTTIME t div br style clear both see also Outline of biotechnology This page provides an alphabetical list of articles and other pages including categories, lists, etc. about biotechnology. For other overviews of the topic, please see the Portal Biotechnology Biotechnology portal . A Agrobacterium Affymetrix Alcoholic beverages Category Alcoholic beverages Amgen AnaSpec Antibiotic Artificial selection B Biochemical engineering Biochip Biodiesel Bioengineering Biofuel Biogas Biogen Idec Bioindicator Bioinformatics Category Bioinformatics Bioleaching Biological agent Biological warfare Bioluminescence Biomimetics Bionanotechnology Bionics Biopharmacology Biophotonics Bioreactor Bioremediation Biostimulation Biosynthesis Biotechnology Category Biotechnology Category Biotechnology companies Category Biotechnology products Bt corn BioSynergy C Cancer immunotherapy Cell therapy Chimera genetics Chinese hamster Chinese Hamster Ovary cell Chiron Corp. Cloning Compost Composting Convention on Biological Diversity Chromatography D Directive on the patentability of biotechnological inventions DNA microarray Dwarfing E Enzymes Electroporation Environmental biotechnology Eugenics F fermentation food Fermentation Category Fermented foods G Gene knockout Gene therapy Genentech Genetic engineering Genetically modified food Geneti ... more details
, Miller CJ title Simpleaffy a BioConductor package for Affymetrix Quality Control and data analysis ... Affymetrix MAS5 algorithm, which uses both perfect match and mismatch probes, continues to enjoy popularity ... Hochreiter , Djork Arn Clevert, and Klaus Obermayer, 2006. A new summarization method for affymetrix ... more details
AmpliChip CYP450 Test is a clinical test from Hoffmann La Roche Roche . The test aims to find the specific gene types a genotype of the patient that will determine how he or she metabolizes certain medicines, therefore guides the doctors to prescribe medicine for best effectiveness and least side effects. The AmpliChip CYP450 Test uses micro array technology from Affymetrix GeneChip to determine the genotype of the patient in terms of two cytochrome P450 enzymes 2D6 and 2C19. 2D6 and 2C19 variability CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 belong to the Cytochrome P450 oxidase family. CYP2D6 has over 90 variants, 2C19 has mainly three. They are responsible for the majority of the inter individual variability in the ability to metabolize drugs. There are four phenotypes of CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizer PM , Intermediate Metabolizer IM , Extensive normal Metabolizer EM and Ultrarapid Metabolizer UM . For CYP2C19, there are only two phenotypes PM and EM. If a substrate of the enzyme is given to the patient as a medication, and if the patient has reduced CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 activity, the patient will have elevated drug concentration in their body, and therefore severe side effects may occur. On the other hand, for the UM patient, the drug concentration might be too low to have a therapeutic effect. So testing the phenotype of the patient is important to help determine the optimum dosage of the drug. How Does It Work The test analyzes the DNA of a patient to determine the genotype , and prediction of the phenotype can then be made. The DNA sample comes from blood as Roche suggests or, alternatively, comes from a mouth brush called buccal swab . The analysis has five steps after DNA is extracted from patient samples PCR amplication of the gene. Fragmentation and labeling of the PCR product Hybridisation molecular biology Hybridization and staining on the AmpliChip DNA microarray. Scanning the chip. Data analysis. FDA Approval FDA approved the test on December 24, 2004. The AmpliChip CYP450 test is th ... more details
Refimprove date March 2008 Infobox company company name Maxygen company logo Image Maxygen logo.PNG 220px Maxygen company type Public company Public traded as NASDAQ MAXY foundation 1997 location Redwood City, CA key people Alejandro Zaffaroni br Willem P.C. Stemmer br Russell Howard br Isaac Stein revenue industry industrial biotechnology , pharmaceuticals num employees homepage http www.maxygen.com www.maxygen.com Maxygen Inc. NASDAQ MAXY is a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing improved versions of protein drugs using DNA shuffling and other protein modification technologies. The company is headquartered in Redwood City, CA . Clinical Programs Maxygen s clinical programs include a novel G CSF for the treatment of chemotherapy induced neutropenia , which entered clinical trials in 2006. Maxygen also has a preclinical program, MAXY 4, to develop a novel CTLA4 Ig therapeutic for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Technologies Maxygen was established to commercially exploit its proprietary recombination based technologies for creating genetic diversity, known as its Molecular Breeding directed evolution platform. These technologies allow the generation of millions of variant genes and proteins, which then can be screened to identify those of potential commercial interest. This laboratory process mimics the powerful natural process of evolution. Maxygen s work has led to numerous scientific publications and patents. Other protein engineering and protein modification technologies used by Maxygen include mutagenesis , rational design, PEGylation , glycosylation , and de immunization. History Maxygen was founded in 1997 by Dr. Alejandro Zaffaroni , a San Francisco Bay Area scientist and entrepreneur, and three co founders Dr. Willem P.C. Stemmer , Dr. Russell Howard and Isaac Stein. Dr. Zaffaroni has founded multiple companies including ALZA Corporation, DNAX Research Institute, Affymax, Affymetrix , Symyx Technologies , and ... more details
The Small Molecule Pathway Database SMPDB ref cite journal last Frolkis first A coauthors Knox, C, Lim, E, Jewison, T, Law, V, Hau, DD, Liu, P, Gautam, B, Ly, S, Guo, AC, Xia, J, Liang, Y, Shrivastava, S, Wishart, DS title SMPDB The Small Molecule Pathway Database. journal Nucleic Acids Research date 2010 Jan volume 38 issue Database issue pages D480 7 pmid 19948758 doi 10.1093 nar gkp1002 ref is a unique bioinformatics database that presents visual and interactive displays of over 350 small molecule pathways from the human body. Over two thirds of the pathways in the SMPDB are not available in any other pathway database. Researchers in proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and systems biology can use this database for pathway discovery and elucidation. SMPDB includes the following pathway types drug action pathways, metabolic disease pathways, human metabolic pathways, and metabolite signaling pathways. The SMPDB pathways are very detailed, fully searchable, and contain hyperlinks to the Human Metabolome Database HMDB , DrugBank , and UniProt . ref cite web title SMPDB url http www.smpdb.ca accessdate 11 January 2012 ref Users can browse the SMPDB or search its contents by text searching, sequence searching, or chemical structure searching. More powerful queries are also possible including searching with lists of gene or protein names, drug names, metabolite names, GenBank IDs, Swiss Prot IDs, Agilent or Affymetrix microarray IDs. Much of the SMPDB s content can be downloaded ref cite web title SMPDB Data Downloads url http www.smpdb.ca downloads accessdate 11 January 2012 ref ref cite web title SMPDB Image Downloads url http www.smpdb.ca image downloads accessdate 11 January 2012 ref including its descriptions, tables, images, and image maps. ref cite web title SMPDB url http www.smpdb.ca accessdate 11 January 2012 ref SMPDB is part of a suite of metabolomics databases that also includes Human Metabolome Database , DrugBank , and Toxin and Toxin Target Databa ... more details
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