Image ACRI.jpg thumb 200px right Sergeant 1st Class Cassius Williams instructs Senegal ese soldiers on United Nations U.N. peacekeeping policies during training for the African Crisis Response Initiative in Thi s , Senegal . The African Contingency Operations Training and Assistance ACOTA program, formerly the African Crisis Response Initiative ACRI , is a United States program to train military trainer s and equip Africa n national militaries to conduct peace support operations and humanitarian relief . The ACOTA program, which succeeded ACRI in 2004, aims to increase the capabilities of African militaries in areas such as human rights , interaction with civil society , international law , military staff skills, and small unit operations. Over 40,000 African soldiers will be trained in peacekeeping over five years. http georgewbush whitehouse.archives.gov news releases 2005 07 20050708 3.html The African Contingency Operations Training and Assistance program has a record of supporting African militaries that have afterwards participated in peacekeeping or peace support activities in the continent. The program is funded by the US Department of State peacekeeping operations account. http www.state.gov r pa prs ps 2003 22237.htm Beneficiary countries Benin Burundi C te d Ivoire Ghana Kenya Malawi Mali Senegal Uganda References This article incorporates public domain text from US government websites. http www.globalsecurity.org military agency dod acri.htm GlobalSecurity.org http www.pentagon.mil news Apr1998 n04141998 9804141.html U.S. Trained African Forces Tool for Peace , Linda D. Kozaryn, American Forces Information Service Category Politics of Africa Category Military in Africa Category Military education and training in the United States Category Non combat military operations involving the United States Category Peacekeeping ... more details
orphan date December 2008 The Assistant Chief of Staff Operations and Training , abbreviated as ACOS Ops & Trg , is the head of the Staff Department for Operations and Training of the Belgium Belgian Ministry of Defence Belgium Ministry of Defence . He reports to the Chief of Defence Belgium Chief of Defence and is responsible for the training of the Military of Belgium Belgian Armed Forces and for its operations. The current ACOS Operations and Training is Lieutenant General Fr d ric Vandingenen. The ACOS Operations and Training advises the Chief of Defence in his capacity as commander of the intervention force and has the operational command over the Armed Forces, which he, in turn, delegates this to the commanders of the four components the Belgian Army Land Component , the Belgian Air Force Air Component , the Belgian Navy Naval Component and the Medical Component. He is assisted by two Major General s, the Deputy ACOS Operations and Planning, currently Major General Marc Compernol, and the Deputy ACOS Training and Support, currently Major General Philippe Martin. Category Military appointments of Belgium Belgium stub euro mil stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Coord 41.440 93.658 region US IA type landmark display title The Distributed Training Operations Center DTOC is the Iowa Air National Guard center for Distributed Mission Operations located in Des Moines, Iowa Des Moines , Iowa United States USA . Distributed Mission Operations, or DMO, is a component of the Air Force Training Transformation initiative. The center organizes DMO events primarily for Iowa Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve Command aviator pilot s. It enables pilots from throughout the United States and the world to train together in a virtual world for combat missions. The DTOC facilitates training between Iowa Air National Guard fighter pilots and warfighters in the U.S. Army, Air Force Reserve, Navy, and other forces. The National Guard and Reserve Equipment Report for Fiscal Year 2008, reports that the Air National Guard ANG established the first Distributed Warfare Detachment in the Air Force at the 132 FW to house the Distributed Training Operation Center DTOC . The DTOC s one of a kind capabilities and mission will grow to keep pace with the scope of Distributed Mission Operations DMO in the Air Force over the next four years. As the Guard s DMO lynchpin, the DTOC will provide the operational environment for a virtual battlespace linking a wide array of high fidelity flight and mission crew simulators. The DTOC is responsible for all network management, event control, scenario development, unit DMO scheduling, remote maintenance, remote instruction, and realistic threat insertion. In addition, the DTOC manages the distributed network called ARCNET. The Mission Training Engineering Center MTEC , collocated with the AF Research Laboratory Air Force Research Laboratory AFRL , Mesa, AZ, coordinates technology programs with AFRL, and acts as the engineering focal point for the ARC to exploit and transition leading edge technology into hardware or software solutions. Category Facilities of the United States Air Na ... more details
main Special Operations Capable The Special OperationsTraining Group , or SOTG , is a training section of the United States Marine Corps that provides Marine Expeditionary Force MEF commanders with training facilities and a liaison for Marine Expeditionary Units MEU . They also conduct special skills courses that trains Marines and Sailors, and other cross services as well. They participate in the MEUs Special Operations Capable Certification, by acting as the Training and Evaluation Board for the exercises and events during the MEU annual training cycles. Courses The SOTG curriculum contains ... of skills that are required to perform special operations . Scout Swimmer Course Teaches the difficulties ... DA operations, evasion and escape techniques, surveillance counter surveillance techniques and equipment, and urban communication procedures. Training will focus on reconnaissance in support of special operations and conventional missions with specific emphasis on urban operations. This course provides ... and acquisition while conducting Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain operations in urbanized areas ..., dwellings, and other man made facilities that are listed in the training curriculum. Students ... operations. In addition, students gain the qualifications to provide related instructions to other ... that consists of mountaineering skills, mountain physical endurance training, multi pitch climbs ... missions. It outlines training of coxswain s for safe insertions of a raid force from ship to shore ... spaces of the Shooting House . Security Element Training Course This course is designed ... of the Maritime Special Purpose Force Assault Element Assault Element . The training of this platoon ... raid and reconnaissance missions. The training also teaches courses of instructions on how to move ... course. Helicopter Rope Suspension Training HRST Masters Course Teaches students on how to rig ... Marine Corps Special Operations Capable Forces References reflist Category Military units and formations ... more details
The Northwest AfricanTraining Command NATC was a sub command of the Northwest African Air Forces NAAF which itself was a sub command of the Mediterranean Air Command MAC . These new Allies of World War II Allied air force organizations were created at the Casablanca Conference in January 1943 to promote cooperation between the British Royal Air Force RAF , the American United States Army Air Force USAAF , and their respective ground and naval forces in the North African and Mediterranean Theater of Operations MTO . Effective February 18, 1943, the NATC and other MAC commands existed until December 10, 1943 when MAC was disbanded and the Mediterranean Allied Air Forces MAAF were established. ref Craven, Wesley F. and James L. Cate. The Army Air Forces in World War II, Volume 2, Chicago, Illinois Chicago University Press, 1949 Reprinted 1983, ISBN 0 912799 03 X . ref ref Richards, D. and H. Saunders, The Royal Air Force 1939 1945 Volume 2, HMSO, 1953 . ref Brigadier General John K. Cannon John Cannon organized and commanded NATC to provide pre combat flight training for new pilots and crews. Many of the bomber and fighter groups of NAAF were assigned to Cannon s NATC for a brief but highly effective training period prior to their ultimate combat assignments. Some of the groups trained ..., Washington, DC., 1991. ref Northwest AfricanTraining Command BR Brigadier General John Cannon class wikitable NATC Trained Units Training Dates Assignment 14th Fighter Group February 18 March 14, 1943 Northwest African Strategic Air Force NASAF 27th Fighter Group February 18 May 27, 1943 Northwest African Tactical Air Force NATAF 2nd Bomb Group 2nd Bombardment Group April, 1943 Northwest African ... an effective training command, Cannon and Lieutenant General Carl Spaatz , commander of Northwest African ... African Tactical Air Force NATAF 99th Fighter Squadron 99th Pursuit Squadron Northwest African Tactical ..., 2001. ref In 1942, Colonel Charles D. Jones was General Cannon s Assistant A 3 Operations Officer. After ... more details
Infobox Company company name SAPO company logo Image SAPONET LOGO.png company type company slogan foundation location Durban key people num employees 4,800 revenue R3.5 bn 2006 industry Port management products Port management service homepage http www.transnetportterminals.net SAPO was the old name for what is now Transnet Port Terminals, which operates 13 Dock maritime terminals in 6 South African port s. It is the port management division of Transnet , the South African transport giant. Operations List of ports Cape Town Durban the largest port in Africa according to the company s website East London, South Africa East London Port Elizabeth Richards Bay Saldanha Bay handles South Africa s iron ore exports. The new port of Ngqura , at Coega , 20 km northeast of Port Elizabeth, scheduled to open in 2006 , is funded by Transnet and operated by SAPO. SAPO operates in four sectors automotive , Containerization container , break bulk and bulk cargo bulk . A detailed description of the company s operational organization is written at its website s http www.saponet.co.za sa terminals.asp SA Terminals section. The company has budgeted R1.5 bn for improvements in its 2007 fiscal year , according to the operational report at Transnet. As of 2009 the company has rebranded as Transnet Port Terminals with new logo. External links http www.transnet.co.za AR 2006 ops saposrt.html SAPO s Operational Report at the Transnet site http www.ports.co.za coega.php South Africa s Ports and Ships website report on the new port of Ngqura http www.transnetnationalportsauthority.net Transnet National Ports Authority Category Transport operators of South Africa Category Transnet Category Port operating companies Category Ports and harbours of South Africa SouthAfrica stub ... more details
POV date June 2008 update date November 2010 The Coalition Military AssistanceTraining Team CMATT was a section of the Multi National Security Transition Command Iraq MNSTC I that was responsible for organizing, training and equipping of the New Iraqi Army Iraqi Army . CMATT had plans to stand up nine infantry brigades in three divisions, a coastal defense force, and lay the framework of an aviation arm of the military. Among CMATT s goals were developing a force that was under political control, accountable to the nation, and defensive in capability Additionally, CMATT advisors developed and stood up a number of military school houses dedicated to Infantry, logistics, administration, medical services, signal, and military police. Dissolution It has now since been dissolved and has passed on the responsibility of training the Iraqi Security Forces to the Multi National Security Transition Command Iraq. This is due to their strategy of developing US style mechanized divisions to defend the country from invasion from its surrounding neighbors invaders rather than developing the necessary security forces to protect the Iraqi population from criminals and insurgents. http reform.house.gov UploadedFiles Sepp 20Testimony.pdf External articles John Pike, http www.globalsecurity.org military world iraq iraq corps.htm Iraqi Military Reconstruction . GlobalSecurity.org, 2005. Wright and Reese, On Point II, p. 433 434, Combat Studies Institute Press, Ft Leavenworth, KS, 2008 Category Multinational force involved in the Iraq War mil unit stub ... more details
Image cpatt.jpg thumb right The Civilian Police AssistanceTraining Team or CPATT is a multinational advisory team operating within the US led coalition in Iraq to rebuild the Iraqi Police . Its officially stated mission is In partnership with the Iraqi government, the Civilian Police AssistanceTraining Team CPATT assists in the development of the Ministry of Interior, MoI , and its Forces in order to contribute to the defeat of insurgency and to create a safe and secure Iraq in which the government can establish democratic rule of law. Organization CPATT is commanded by US Major General Michael Jones and is headquartered in the International Zone, Green Zone , in Baghdad . It is one of three training teams which are part of MNSTC I Multi National Security Transition Command. Unsourced image removed Image IPlog.jpg CPATT is a subordinate command to the Multi National Security Transition Command Iraq MNSTC I that was started by General David Petraeus during the start of the Iraq war. In executing its duties, CPATT funnels its funds into its stated mission to man, train, and equip the civil security forces of the Ministry of Interior Iraq Ministry of Interior in Iraq . This includes the Iraqi Police Service, the Department of Border Enforcement, the National Police and additional specialized units. The coalition civilian police personnel consist mainly of two groups. The International Police Liaison Officers IPLOs who are contracted directly through the US Department of State Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs INL and the International Police Trainers IPTs who are contracted through the US Department of Justice . The United Kingdom provides trainers ... for the Iraqi police that had been achieved by the Coalition Military AssistanceTraining Team CMATT ... the training needs of the Iraqi police . The first civilian entity known as the Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance ORHA , which was headed by retired US Army Lieutenant ... more details
File USAF Special OperationsTraining Center.png right 250px The United States Air Force Special OperationsTraining Center AFSOTC is located at Hurlburt Field , Florida. It works under the supervision of the Air Force Special Operations Command AFSOC Its primary function is to train the Air Force s elite ... Special OperationsTraining Center. Air Force Special Operations Command Home. Web. 02 September 2010 .... ref Leadership The current commander of the Air Force Special OperationsTraining Center is Colonel ... and win anytime, anywhere. ref http www.afsoc.af.mil afsotc ref History Overview The Training Center was set up on October 6, 2008. ref New Spec Ops Training Center Opens Air Force News, News from ... HOME. Web. 09 September 2010. http www.airforcetimes.com news 2008 10 airforce afsoc training 101808 ... units to form an integrated team dedicated to training Airmen and turning them into Air Commandos. Many units and squadrons make up the Training Center. These include The United States Air Force Special Operations School USAFSOS , Special Tactics Training Squadron, 5th Special Operations Squadron , 19th Special Operations Squadron , 371st Special OperationsTraining Squadron , 551st Special Operations Squadron , 745th Special Operations Squadron , and a Language Center. ref Factsheets Air Force Special OperationsTraining Center. Air Force Special Operations Command Home. Web. 11 September 2010. http www.afsoc.af.mil library factsheets factsheet.asp?id 14252 . ref In its short history, the Training ... personnel. ref Special Operations Command officials host physical ability stamina test for special ... dollar annual budget, the training center utilizes state of the art simulators, cutting edge curriculum, and world class instructors to meet the Air Force s training needs. ref Air Force Special Operations Command AFSOTC. Air Force Special Operations Command Home. Web. 02 Dec. 2010. http www.afsoc.af.mil afsotc . ref The Special Operations personnel trained at the center include Pararescuemen, Combat ... more details
unreferenced date February 2007 The Asian African Association for Plasma Training , or AAAPT , is an organization network founded on 7 June 1988 to provide facilities for Plasma physics plasma research by small research and development research groups in developing world developing countries . Originally, it consisted of nineteen institutions from 12 countries, but it has now grown to 41 institutions from 23 countries. The AAAPT http www.plasmafocus.net IPFS otherpapers AAAPTPhysicsToday.pdf is an affiliated network of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ICTP , receiving funding for its collaborative activities. Assistance in the form of travel and other fellowships had also been received from the Third World Academy of Sciences TWAS , UNESCO and several other organisations. The bulk of the contributions for its activities had come from the scientists from the member institutions in terms of expertise, time and effort and from the member institutions, in terms of infrastructural support. Activities Since its formation its primary success has been the coordination of the United Nations University International Centre for Theoretical Physics Plasma Fusion Facility UNU ICTP PFF network http www.plasmafocus.net IPFS otherpapers 12YrsUnuIctpPFFReviewMonograph.pdf ... PFF was developed during a UNU Training Programme on Laser and Plasma Technology in 1985 86 http www.unu.edu ... plasma focus laboratories back home. Due to this and subsequent training programmes, new ... . Several more research groups were strengthened and the influence of the AAAPT s training project ... the AAAPT had, up to July 2005, organised or co sponsored 37 training activities, conferences, workshops ... packages of equipment were transferred in the equipment assistance program. Leadership The Inaugural ... United Nations University Plasma and Laser Training Programmes http www.unu.edu capacitybuilding ... www.ipp.ac.cn qy WS97 node230.html Category Physics organizations Category Asian African organizations ... more details
34 rev1 errata Nov11 2010.pdf NIST IT Contingency Planning Guide ref In the United States In the United States, all HAZMAT operations require Contingency Plans. The United States Environmental Protection ...For the play of this title, see The Contingency Plan . A contingency plan is a plan devised for an outcome other than in the usual expected plan. ref http www.merriam webster.com dictionary contingency Definition in the websters dictionary ref It is often used for risk management when an exceptional risk that, though unlikely, would have catastrophic consequences. Contingency plans are often devised by governments or businesses . For example, suppose many employees of a company are traveling together on an aircraft which crashes, killing all aboard. The company could be severely strained or even ruined by such a loss. Accordingly, many companies have procedures to follow in the event of such a disaster. The plan may also include standing policies to mitigate a disaster s potential impact, such as requiring employees to travel separately or limiting the number of employees on any one aircraft. During times of crisis, contingency plans are often developed to explore and prepare for any eventuality. During the Cold War , many governments made contingency plans to protect themselves and their citizens from Nuclear warfare nuclear attack . Examples of contingency plans designed to inform citizens of how to survive a nuclear attack are the booklets Survival Under Atomic Attack , Protect ... there are still contingency plans in place to deal with terrorist attacks or other catastrophes. The National Institute of Standards and Technology has published a contingency planning guide for Information ... Contingency Plan ref http www.epa.gov oerrpage superfund programs er hazsubs contplan.htm Contingency Planning Superfund US EPA ref . See also Portal Computer Security Portal Business and economics http www.acp international.com Association of Contingency Planners CERT Coordination Center ... more details
Contingency may refer to Contingency philosophy Contingency in philosophy and logic Contingent fee in commercial matters Contingency management in medicine Contingency plan in planning Contingency table in statistics Contingent claims in finance Contingent liability in law Contingent vote in politics Contingent work and contingent workforce , an employment relationship Cost contingency in business risk management dab ... more details
for use in management theory Contingency theory Contingency management is a type of treatment used in the mental ... plan. As an approach to treatment, contingency management emerged from the behavior therapy and applied behavior analysis traditions in mental health. By most evaluations, contingency management procedures ... economies One form of contingency management is the token economy system. ref Zlomke, L. 2003 . Token ..., E.L., & Wolf, M.M. 1975 . Achievement place The training and certification of teaching parents ... would be the treatment of stuttering. ref Ryan, B.P. 2004 Contingency Management and Stuttering ... applications in addiction treatment Another form of contingency management is voucher programs. In voucher based contingency management patients earn vouchers exchangeable for retail items contingent ... change targets. This particular form of contingency management was introduced in the early 1990s as a treatment ... treatment program. J. Subst Abuse Treat . ref Medication take home privileges is another form of contingency ... , contingency management includes techniques such as Shaping psychology shaping , Child time out ... systems are often employed as a form of contingency management system. Level systems are designed ... programs A recent meta analysis of contingency management in drug programs showed that it has ... J, Usdan S. 2007 . Meta analysis of day treatment and contingency management dismantling research Birmingham ... Ormer EA, Mueller L, Hebert M, Penk WE, Petry NM, Rosenheck R, Rounsaville B. 2007 . Adding contingency ... Res Dev. , 44 6 851 66 ref ref Ghitza UE, Epstein DH, Preston KL. Nov. 17 2007 Contingency management ... . Impact of behavioral contingency management intervention on coping behaviors and PTSD symptom reduction in cocaine addicted homeless. J Trauma Stress. , 20 4 565 75. ref Overall contingency management ... TA, Sindelar JL, Petry NM. 2007 . Clinic variation in the cost effectiveness of contingency management. Am J Addict. , 16 6 , 457 60 ref Organizations Contingency management is a behavior therapy technique ... more details
wikt Assistance may refer to Aid Assistance Bay Assistance dog Consular assistance Development assistance Directory assistance Financial assistance disambiguation General Assistance HMS Assistance , a ship Humanitarian assistance Judicial assistance Operation Assistance Operator assistance Roadside assistance Social assistance , welfare Travel assistance User Assistance Virtual assistance Wind assistance Windows Remote Assistance Writ of assistance Groups and organizations American Student Assistance Civil Assistance , 1970s British civil defence group Polish Assistance See also Aide disambiguation lookfrom intitle Assist disambiguation Assistant disambiguation Help disambiguation dab fr Assistance ... more details
Multiple issues wikify February 2012 orphan February 2012 primarysources March 2011 The Kampala Convention The Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa, known as the Kampala Convention, was adopted in October 2009. To date it has been signed by 31 of the 53 member states of the African Union , but has only been ratified by 7. The treaty must be ratified by 15 states for it to enter into force. The Convention addresses Internal Displacement internal displacement caused by armed conflict, natural disasters and large scale development projects. Article 5 4 specifically establishes state responsibilities for the protection and assistance of internally displaced persons, whose displacement is the result of natural or human made disasters, including climate change . External links Text of the Kampala Convention http www.au.int en content african union convention protection and assistance internally displaced persons africa Further information from the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre http www.internal displacement.org kampala convention Category African Union ... more details
unreferenced date August 2011 The Contingency Plan is the overall title of a pair of plays by the British playwright Steve Waters . It premiered from 22 April to 6 June 2009 at the Bush Theatre , with a cast including Geoffrey Streatfeild . It consists of On the Beach , dealing with the relationship between a father and son pair of climate scientists, and Resilience , in which the son from the first play takes up a post in a new Tory government. Both are set in a future United Kingdom in which global warming is about to cause massive flooding. External links http www.bushtheatre.co.uk production the contingency plan Official site DEFAULTSORT Contingency Plan, The Category 2009 plays Category Climate change plays Category British plays Category Plays set in the United Kingdom play stub ... more details
Contingency approach , also known as situational approach, is a concept in management stating that there is no one universally applicable set of management principles rules by which to manage organizations. Organizations are individually different, face different situations contingency variables , and require different ways of managing. Contingency approaches remain less common than change management approaches. History Contingency approach evolved during the 1960s. Management theory and research began to adopt a new orientation, one that embodied a simple concept and enabled significant advancements in the study of management and organizations, now referred to as the contingency approach. It emphasised the importance of situational influences on the management of organisations and questioned the existence of a single, best way to manage or organise. Today, the contingency approach dominates theory and research in the management literature. Contingency approach challenged the classic process and models designed by management theorists such as Scientific management Taylor and Fayolism Fayol . Various researchers concentrated on different contextual factors. Joan Woodward 1958 ref Woodward, J. 1958 . Industrial Organization. Theory and Practice. London. ref studied the production technology, Blau and Schoenherr 1971 ref Blau, P.M., & Schoenherr, R.A. 1971 . The Structure of Organizations. New York. ref the size of the organizations, Burns and Stalker 1961 ref Burns, T., & Stalker, G. M. 1961 . The Management of Innovation. London ref as well as Lawrence and Lorsch 1967 ref Lawrence, P. R., & Lorsch, J. W. 1967 . Organization and Environment. Cambridge, Mass. ref into the economic ... A conceptual model of the contingency approach was developed by Kieser and Kubicek. ref Kieser, A., & Kubicek ... A. Zeithaml, P. Rajan Varadarajan, Carl P. Zeithaml, The Contingency Approach Contingency, its Foundations ... get involved glossary theories contingency approach in organizational theory Contingency approach ... more details
. Contingency is generally included in most estimates, and is expected to be expended . ref Cost Engineering ... often thinks contingency money is fat that is not needed if a project team does its job well, it is a controversial topic. In general, there are four classes of methods used to estimate contingency ... or underrunning. The difference between the cost estimate without contingency, and the selected cost from the distribution is contingency. For more information, AACE International has catalogued many ... 8, Contingency , 2nd Edition, AACE International, Morgantown WV, 2007. ref Contingency is included in budgets as a control account. As risks occur on a project, and money is needed to pay for them, the contingency ..., as are the needs for cost contingency. References references DEFAULTSORT Cost Contingency Category ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Contingency theory is a class of behavioral theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent dependent upon the internal and external situation. Several contingency approaches were developed concurrently in the late 1960s. They suggested that previous theories such as Max Weber Weber s bureaucracy and Frederick Winslow Taylor Taylor s scientific management had failed because they neglected that management style and organizational structure were influenced by various aspects of the environment the contingency factors. There could not be one best way for leadership or organization. Historically, contingency theory has sought to formulate broad generalizations about the formal structures that are typically associated with or best fit the use of different technologies. The perspective originated with the work of Joan Woodward 1958 , who argued that technologies directly determine differences in such organizational attributes as span of control, centralization of authority, and the formalization of rules and procedures. Gareth Morgan author Gareth Morgan in his book Images of Organization describes the main ideas underlying contingency in a nutshell Organizations are open systems that need careful management to satisfy and balance internal ... are needed in different types of environments Fred Fiedler s Fiedler contingency model contingency model focused on a contingency model of leadership effectiveness. This model contains the relationship ... Scott describes contingency theory in the following manner The best way to organize depends on the nature ... , and James D. Thompson complements this statement. They are more interested in the impact of contingency factors on organizational structure. Their structural contingency theory was the dominant paradigm ..., NY Oxford University Press References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Contingency Theory Category Organizational ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2007 Contingency markets are markets where contract s are made to exchange funds contingent upon an event or combination of events or contingencies thereof. Difference from prediction markets Prediction market s are a subset of contingency markets and specialise in independent future events and are often exploited for the predictive side effect they produce. Complex contingencies only tend to occur in the gambling industry s implementations of prediction markets. Unlike prediction markets, contingency markets also support dependent future events. These are A priori and a posteriori a priori directly influenced or controlled by those interested in a particular outcome of an event. External links http www.contingencymarket.com www.contingencymarket.com a web service, currently in development, intended to provide a trading system enabling financial exchanges contingent upon public events. See also Insurance Threshold pledge Assurance contracts Betting exchange Preorder Economy Category Prediction markets ... more details
Image ContingencyDecals.jpg thumb Contingency decals on a NASCAR car Common in auto racing , contingency sponsorship is a form of sponsorship whereby race teams place decals on their vehicles from companies in exchange for awards for winning or meeting certain performance goals. ref name espn http sports.espn.go.com rpm nascar icons news story?id 3315850 ref These awards can be monetary or can include credits for free or discounted equipment. ref name scca http www.scca.com solo content.cfm?cid 44518 ref The best known example of a series with many contingency sponsorships is the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series . The front fenders of the cars are mottled with many rectangular decals that teams are either required or financially encouraged to place there. ref name espn Some of the more lucrative contingencies are the Budweiser Pole Award Coors Light Pole Award and the NASCAR Rookie of the Year Sunoco Rookie of the Year Award . ref name espn Contingency sponsorship can sometimes also include granting the right for the sponsor to use images of the driver and their car in promotional literature and advertising. cn date December 2011 Some contingencies require the team to use the sponsor s equipment as well as display a decal. ref name scca References reflist Category Advertising Category Motorsport terminology marketing stub ... more details
A contingencies fund or contingency fund is a fund for emergencies or unexpected outflows, mainly economic crisis economic crises . History In the early part of the nineteenth Century the Civil Contingencies Fund was created in the United Kingdom . It is held by the Treasury , and its use is regulated by the Miscellaneous Financial Provisions Act 1946 ref http www.statutelaw.gov.uk content.aspx?LegType All Legislation&searchEnacted 0&extentMatchOnly 0&confersPower 0&blanketAmendment 0&sortAlpha 0&PageNumber 0&NavFrom 0&parentActiveTextDocId 1089598&ActiveTextDocId 1089598&filesize 16480 ref . It may be used for urgent expenditure in anticipation that the money will be approved by Parliament, or for small payments that were not included in the year s budget estimates. The Contingencies Fund Act 1974 sets the size of the fund as two percent of the amount of the government budget in the preceding year. ref http www.statutelaw.gov.uk content.aspx?LegType All Primary&PageNumber 56&NavFrom 2&parentActiveTextDocId 1222914&ActiveTextDocId 1222914&filesize 7062 ref When Parliament votes to approve the urgent expenditure, the monies are repaid into the Contingencies Fund. As Parliament is effectively forced to approve actions ex post facto after they ve happened , the Treasury s use of the fund ... Committee . European Union The European Union plans vast contingency fund, racing to contain crisis ... work The Washington Post first Howard last Schneider title Europe announces vast contingency fund, racing to contain crisis date 10 May 2010 ref Spain In Spain, the contingency fund is used in economic ... contingencies fund called reserve fund, to pay pension s. India The Contingency Fund of India exists ... from 50 to rupee Rs 500 crore . ref cite news title Contingency fund limit raised to Rs 500 crore url http articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com 2005 03 10 news 27506433 1 contingency fund ... References http definitions.uslegal.com c contingency fund Category Economic crises Category Public ... more details
In statistics , a contingency table also referred to as cross tabulation or cross tab is a type of table ... s. The term contingency table was first used by Karl Pearson in On the Theory of Contingency ... dependence structure underlying the variables contained in high dimensional contingency tables. If some ... from the contingency table by the relative frequencies. Example Suppose that we have two variables, sex ... sampled from a very large population as part of a study of sex differences in handedness. A contingency ..., male and left handed, female and right handed, and female and left handed. Such a contingency table ... represented in the contingency table, is the number in the bottom right corner. The table allows ... columns vary significantly between rows or vice versa , we say that there is a contingency between the two variables. In other words, the two variables are not independent. If there is no contingency, we say that the two variables are independent . The example above is the simplest kind of contingency table, a table in which each variable has only two levels this is called a 2 x 2 contingency ... two variables, but higher order contingency tables are difficult to represent on paper. The relation between ordinal variable s, or between ordinal and categorical variables, may also be represented in contingency ... tetrachoric correlation coefficient also only applicable to 2 × 2 tables , the contingency ... in a 4 4 table is 0.870. It can reach values closer to 1 in contingency tables with more categories ... The Pivot table pivot operation in spreadsheet software can be used to generate a contingency table ... fitting procedure essentially manipulates contingency tables to match altered joint distributions .... Some procedures used in this context can be used in dealing with contingency tables. References ... cite book first Steffen L. last Lauritzen authorlink Steffen L. Lauritzen title Lectures on Contingency ... stats contingency.html On line analysis of contingency tables calculator with examples ... more details
Contingency and contingent redirect here. For other uses, see Contingency disambiguation . In philosophy and logic , contingency is the status of proposition s that are neither true under every possible interpretation logic valuation i.e. tautology logic tautologies nor false under every possible valuation i.e. contradiction s . A contingent proposition is neither necessarily true nor necessarily false. Propositions that are contingent may be so because they contain logical connective s which, along with the truth value of any of its atomic sentence atomic parts, determine the truth value of the proposition. This is to say that the truth value of the proposition is contingent upon the truth values of the sentences which comprise it. Contingent propositions depend on the fact s, whereas analytic proposition s are true without regard to any facts about which they speak. Along with contingent propositions, there are at least three other classes of propositions, some of which overlap Tautology logic Tautological propositions, which must be true, no matter what the circumstances are or could be example It is the case that the sky is blue or it is not the case that the sky is blue. . Contradiction s which must necessarily be untrue, no matter what the circumstances are or could be example It s raining and it s not raining. . Possible worlds Possible propositions, which are true or could ... propositions, are also possible propositions. Contingency and relativism in rhetoric Attempts in the past ... to those problems, and the consequences of each solution. This again raises the question of contingency ... of the others. ref Gaonkar, Dilip Parameshwar. Contingency and Probability. Encyclopedia ... with the audience is constrained by time. The study of contingency and relativism as it pertains ... Fish are leading theorists in this area of study at the intersection of rhetoric and contingency ... Contingency, Metanexus Net http www.metanexus.net metanexus online show article.asp?8491 Category Modal ... more details
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