Refimprove date August 2008 italictitle Taxobox name Agelasclathrodes image Elephant ear sponge.jpg image caption Orange elephant ear sponge, Agelasclathrodes , in foreground. Two corals in the background a sea fan , Iciligorgia schrammi , and a sea rod, Plexaurella nutans . regnum Animal ia phylum Porifera classis Demospongiae ordo Agelasida familia Agelasidae genus Agelas species AgelasclathrodesAgelasclathrodes , also known as the elephant ear sponge , is a species of sponge that lives in reef s more than convert 10 m ft below the surface of the ocean. The base is between convert 1.5 and 10 cm in thick. Its color is reddish orange. ref cite web url http striweb.si.edu bocas database details.php?id 1 title Agelasclathrodes work Species database publisher Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070630183401 http striweb.si.edu bocas database details.php?id 1 archivedate 2007 06 30 accessdate 2011 07 22 ref Compounds isolated from this sponge include ageliferin and sceptrin. Related species Agelas conifera References reflist Category Demospongiae fr Agelasclathrodes nl Agelasclathrodes zh ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Agelas conifera image Agelas conifera FL.jpg image caption Agelas conifera , Snapper Ledge reef, Florida Keys regnum Animal ia phylum Porifera classis Demospongiae ordo Agelasida familia Agelasidae genus Agelas species Agelas conifera Agelas conifera , also known as the brown tube sponge , is a species of sponge . Its color is brown, tan, or greyish brown with a lighter interior. It is common in the Caribbean and Bahamas, and occasional in Florida. ref Humann, Paul, Reef creature Identification , Edited by Ned Deloach. New World Publications, Inc., 1992, p. 22 23. ref Related species Agelasclathrodes References reflist Category Demospongiae nl Agelas conifera ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Agelas gracilis image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Porifera classis Demospongiae ordo Agelasida familia Agelasidae genus Agelas species Agelas gracilis Agelas gracilis is a species of demosponge . Its common name is candy cane sponge. ref cite web url http www.marinespecies.org porifera porifera.php?p taxdetails&id 164830 title Link to World Porifera Database accessdate Feb 22nd 2012 ref It lives primarily in Australia n waters. It has a symbiotic relationship with the white zoanthid making red and white polyp s. References Reflist External links http www.tfhmagazine.com details marine invert agelas gracilis.htm Agelas gracilis information Category Demospongiae Porifera stub nl Agelas gracilis ... more details
. See also Agelasclathrodes and Agelas conifera . It has antibacterial properties and can cause ... Metabolites from the Caribbean Sponge Agelas conifera journal J. Org. Chem. year 1991 volume 56 issue ... sponge Agelas sp. journal Tetrahedron year 1990 volume 46 issue 16 pages 5579 86 doi 10.1016 S0040 ... more details
Taxobox color khaki name Filozoa image Elephant ear sponge.jpg image caption Orange elephant ear sponge, Agelas clathrodes , in foreground. Two corals in the background a sea fan , Iciligorgia schrammi , and a sea rod, Plexaurella nutans . domain Eukaryota Taxobox norank entry taxon Opisthokonta Taxobox norank entry taxon Choanozoa or Holozoa Taxobox norank entry taxon Filozoa subdivision ranks Kingdom and classes subdivision Filasterea Choanoflagellatea Metazoa The Filozoa are a monophyletic grouping within the Opisthokonta . They include animal s along with their nearest unicellular relatives those organisms which are more closely related to animals than to fungi or Mesomycetozoa . ref name pmid18461162 cite journal author Shalchian Tabrizi K., Minge M.A., Espelund M., et al. editor1 last Aramayo editor1 first Rodolfo title Multigene phylogeny of choanozoa and the origin of animals journal PLoS ONE volume 3 issue 5 pages e2098 year 2008 pmid 18461162 pmc 2346548 doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0002098 url http dx.plos.org 10.1371 journal.pone.0002098 ref Three groups are currently assigned to the clade Filozoa Class biology Class Filasterea &ndash recently erected to house the genera Ministeria and Capsaspora Class biology Class Choanoflagellatea &ndash collared flagellate s Kingdom biology Kingdom Animalia or Metazoa &ndash animals Cladogram Clade style font size 100 line height 100 label1 Opisthokonta 1 clade label2 Holozoa 1 Clade 1 Fungi 2 Nucleariid a 2 Clade label2 Filozoa 1 Mesomycetozoa 2 Clade 1 Filasterea 2 Clade 1 Choanoflagellatea 2 Animal ia Characteristics The ancestral opisthokont cell is assumed to have possessed slender filose thread like projections or tentacles . In some opisthokonts Mesomycetozoa and Corallochytrium these were lost. They are retained in Filozoa, where they are simple and non tapering, with a rigid core of actin bundles contrasting with the flexible, tapering and branched filopodia of nucleariids and the branched rhizoid s ... more details
Taxobox color taxobox colour incertae sedis image Elephant ear sponge.jpg image caption Orange elephant ear sponge, Agelas clathrodes , in foreground. Two corals in the background a sea fan , Iciligorgia schrammi , and a sea rod, Plexaurella nutans . name Unikonts domain Eukaryote Eukaryota Taxobox norank entry taxon Unikonta subdivision ranks Supergroups subdivision Opisthokonta br Amoebozoa Unikonts are members of the Unikonta, a taxonomic group proposed by Thomas Cavalier Smith . ref name pmid11931142 cite journal author Cavalier Smith T title The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa journal Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. volume 52 issue Pt 2 pages 297 354 year 2002 month March pmid 11931142 doi url http ijs.sgmjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11931142 ref ref cite journal authorlink Thomas Cavalier Smith first Thomas last Cavalier Smith title Protist phylogeny and the high level classification of Protozoa journal European Journal of Protistology year 2003 volume 39 issue 4 pages 338 348 doi 10.1078 0932 4739 00002 ref It includes amoebozoa , opisthokont s, ref name pmid19004754 cite journal author A Minge M, Silberman JD, Orr RJ, et al. title Evolutionary position of breviate amoebae and the primary eukaryote divergence journal Proc. Biol. Sci. volume 276 issue 1657 pages 597 604 year 2008 month November pmid 19004754 doi 10.1098 rspb.2008.1358 url pmc 2660946 ref ref name pmid16829542 cite journal author Burki F, Pawlowski J title Monophyly of Rhizaria and multigene phylogeny of unicellular bikonts journal Mol. Biol. Evol. volume 23 issue 10 pages 1922 30 year 2006 month October pmid 16829542 doi 10.1093 molbev msl055 url http mbe.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 16829542 ref and Apusozoa . ref name pmid20884290 cite journal author Gl cksman E, Snell EA, Berney C, Chao EE, Bass D, Cavalier Smith T title The Novel Marine Gliding Zooflagellate Genus Mantamonas Mantamonadida ord. n. Apusozoa journa ... more details
Taxobox color taxobox color animalia image Elephant ear sponge.jpg image caption Orange elephant ear sponge, Agelas clathrodes , in foreground. Two corals in the background a sea fan , Iciligorgia schrammi , and a sea rod, Plexaurella nutans . name Holozoans fossil range Ediacaran Recent, fossilrange 610 0 domain Eukarya Taxobox norank entry taxon Opisthokonta unranked phylum Holozoa unranked phylum authority Lang et al. 2002 subdivision ranks subgroups subdivision Mesomycetozoea Ichthyosporea Mesomycetozoea Choanoflagellata Kingdom Metazoa animals Holozoa is a group of organisms that includes animal s and their closest microorganism single celled relatives, but excludes fungi . ref name pmid18205615 cite journal author Aleshin VV, Konstantinova AV, Mikhailov KV, Nikitin MA, Petrov NB title Do we need many genes for phylogenetic inference? journal Biochemistry Mosc. volume 72 issue 12 pages 1313 23 year 2007 month December pmid 18205615 doi 10.1134 S000629790712005X url http protein.bio.msu.ru biokhimiya contents v72 full 72121610.html ref ref name pmid12401173 cite journal author Lang BF, O Kelly C, Nerad T, Gray MW, Burger G title The closest unicellular relatives of animals journal Curr. Biol. volume 12 issue 20 pages 1773 8 year 2002 month October pmid 12401173 doi 10.1016 S0960 9822 02 01187 9 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0960982202011879 ref ref name pmid18461162 cite journal last1 Shalchian Tabrizi first1 Kamran last2 Minge first2 Marianne A. last3 Espelund first3 Mari last4 Orr first4 Russell last5 Ruden first5 Torgeir last6 Jakobsen first6 Kjetill S. last7 Cavalier Smith first7 Thomas title Multigene phylogeny of choanozoa and the origin of animals journal PLoS ONE volume 3 editor1 first Rodolfo issue 5 pages e2098 year 2008 editor1 last Aramayo pmid 18461162 pmc 2346548 doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0002098 url http dx.plos.org 10.1371 journal.pone.0002098 last8 Aramayo first8 Rodolfo ref ref name pmid19393304 cite journal author Elias M, Arch ... more details
Taxobox color taxobox colour incertae sedis image Elephant ear sponge.jpg image caption Orange elephant ear sponge, Agelas clathrodes , in foreground. Two corals in the background a sea fan , Iciligorgia schrammi , and a sea rod, Plexaurella nutans . fossil range long fossil range Neoproterozoic Recent domain Eukaryote Eukaryota unranked regnum Unikonta unranked classis Opisthokonta subdivision ranks Subgroups subdivision see text The opisthokonts Greek language Greek lang grc op sthios rear, posterior lang grc kont s pole i.e. flagellum or Fungi Metazoa group ref name urlFungi Metazoa group cite web url http www.uniprot.org taxonomy 33154 title Fungi Metazoa group format work accessdate 2009 03 08 ref are a broad group of eukaryote s, including both the animal and fungus kingdom biology kingdoms , ref name pmid18461162 cite journal author Shalchian Tabrizi K, Minge MA, Espelund M, et al. editor1 last Aramayo editor1 first Rodolfo title Multigene phylogeny of choanozoa and the origin of animals journal PLoS ONE volume 3 issue 5 pages e2098 year 2008 pmid 18461162 pmc 2346548 doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0002098 url http www.plosone.org article info doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0002098 ref together with the eukaryotic microorganism s that are sometimes grouped in the paraphyletic phylum Choanozoa previously assigned to the protist kingdom . ref name pmid16151185 cite journal author Steenkamp ET, Wright J, Baldauf SL title The protistan origins of animals and fungi journal Mol. Biol. Evol. volume 23 issue 1 pages 93 106 year 2006 month January pmid 16151185 doi 10.1093 molbev msj011 url http mbe.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 16151185 ref Both genetics genetic and ultrastructure ultrastructural studies strongly support that opisthokonts form a monophyletic group. Flagella One common characteristic of opisthokonts is that flagellate cells, such as most animal spermatozoon sperm and chytrid spores, propel themselves with a single posterior flag ... more details
Snapper Ledge is a small coral reef located within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary . It lies to the southeast of Key Largo , to the south the Key Largo Existing Management Area and John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park . Unlike many reefs within the Sanctuary, this reef is not within a Sanctuary Preservation Area SPA . It is near Pickles Reef . Gallery gallery Image Diadema Snapper Ledge FL.jpg Diadema antillarum with unusual grey spines at Snapper Ledge Image Diploria closeup FL.jpg Closeup of the very large brain coral , Diploria strigosa , at Snapper Ledge Image Agelas conifera FL.jpg Tube sponge, Agelas conifera at Snapper Ledge gallery References http sanctuaries.noaa.gov pgallery atlasmaps images fkeast 2000.jpg NOAA National Marine Sanctuary Maps, Florida Keys East Corals coord missing Florida Category Marine biology Category Coral reefs of Florida ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 File Agelasimine A.svg thumb 100px right Chemical structure of agelasimine A Agelasimines are a group of adenine related bicyclic terpenoid diterpenoids isolated from the orange sea sponge sponge Agelas mauritania . Their chemical structures are closely related to the agelasine s. Both groups of compounds display a range of biological activities, such as cytotoxicity, inhibition of adenosine transfer into rabbit erythrocyte s red blood cells , Ca sup 2 sup channel antagonistic action, Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor 1 adrenergic blockade and others. Both compounds have been reproduced in the laboratory by organic synthesis . References Fathi Afshar R Allen T M Krueger C A Cook D A Clanachan A S Vriend R Baer H P Cass C E, Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology , 1989, 67 4 , 276 81 Fathi Afshar, R. Allen, T. M., Canadian Journal of Chemistry , 1988, 66 1 , 45 50. Fathi Afshar, R. Allen, T. M. Krueger, C. A. Cook, D. A. Clanachan, A. S. Vriend, R. Baer, H. P. Cass, C. E., Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology , 1989, 67 4 , 276 81. Ohba, Masashi Iizuka, Kazuaki Ishibashi, Hiroyuki Fujii, Tozo., Tetrahedron journal Tetrahedron 1997, 53 50 , 16977 16986. Category Terpenes and terpenoids organic compound stub ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 File Agelasine A.svg thumb right 100px Chemical structure of agelasine A Agelasines are 7,9 dialkylpurinium salt chemistry salts isolated from marine sea sponge sponges Agelas sp. . They are considered secondary metabolite s. Their contribution to the sponge is assumed to be some sort of protection against microorganism s. At the present time a total of eleven 9 methyladeninium salts, agelasine A I, epiagelasine C and agelin B, are known. ref H. Nakamura, H. Wu, Y. Ohizumi and Y. Hirata, Tetrahedron Lett., 1984, 25, 2989 ref ref H. Wu, H. Nakamura, J. Kobayashi and Y. Ohizumi, Tetrahedron Lett., 1984, 25, 3719 ref ref R. J. Capon and D. J. Faulkner, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 1819 ref ref H. Wu, H. Nakamura, J. Kobayashi, M. Kobayashi, Y. Ohizumi and Y. Hirata, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1986, 59, 2495 ref ref K. Ishida, M. Ishibashi, H. Shigemori, T. Sasaki and J. Kobayashi, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1992, 40, 766 ref ref T. Hattori, K. Adachi and Y. Shizuri, J. Nat. Prod., 1997, 60, 411 ref ref X. Fu, F. J. Schmitz, R. S. Tanner and M. Kelly Borges, J. Nat. Prod., 1998, 61, 548 ref All compounds carry a di terpenoid side chain in the adenine 7 position. The agelasines are closely related in structure with the agelasimines . Chemists have reproduced agelasine A, ref E. Piers, M. L. Livain, Y. Han, G. L. Plourde, L. Guy and W. L. Yeh, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1995, 963 ref agelasine B, ref E. Piers and J. Y. Roberge, Tetrahedron Lett., 1992, 33, 6923 b H. Iio, K. Asao and T. Tokoroyama, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 774 ref agelasine E, ref A. K. Bakkestuen, L. L. Gundersen, D. Petersen, B. Utenova and A. Vik, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2005, 3, 1025 ref agelasine F, ref K. Asao, H. Iio and T. Tokoroyama, Tetrahedron Lett., 1989, 30, 6401 ref and agelasine D ref B. T. Utenova and L. L. Gundersen, Tetrahedron Lett., 2004, 45, 4233 ref by organic synthesis . Agelasines are associated with bioactivities such as antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Aplysia punctata image Aplysia punctata.jpg image caption Aplysia punctata regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Euopisthobranchia br clade Aplysiomorpha superfamilia Aplysioidea familia Aplysiidae subfamilia genus Aplysia species A. punctata binomial Aplysia punctata binomial authority Georges Cuvier Cuvier , 1803 synonyms ref ref name WoRMS synonyms Aplysia albopunctata Deshayes, 1853 Aplysia hybrida Sowerby, 1806 Aplysia rosea Rathke, 1799 Aplysia punctata is a species of sea slug , a sea hare , a marine ocean marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Aplysiidae , the sea hares. ref name WoRMS Gofas, S. 2011 . Aplysia punctata. Accessed through World Register of Marine Species at http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 138758 on 2012 03 31 ref The rhinophore of Aplysia punctata contains a groove, which extends to about two third of the total length of the rhinophore. ref name Wertz 2006 Secondary metabolites alkaloid s from marine sponges stimulate neurons in the rhinophore ganglion of the rhinophore of Aplysia punctata . ref Bickmeyer U., Drechsler C., Kock M. & Assmann M. July 2004 Brominated pyrrole alkaloids from marine Agelas sponges reduce depolarization induced cellular calcium elevation . Toxicon 44 45 51. doi 10.1016 j.toxicon.2004.04.001 ref References This article incorporates CC BY 2.0 text from reference. ref name Wertz 2006 Wertz A., R ssler W., Obermayer M. & Bickmeyer U. 6 April 2006 Functional neuroanatomy of the rhinophore of Aplysia punctata . Frontiers in Zoology 3 6. doi 10.1186 1742 9994 3 6 ref reflist Backeljau, T. 1986 . Lijst van de recente mariene mollusken van Belgi List of the recent marine molluscs of Belgium . Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen Brussels, Belgium. 106 pp Gofas, S. Le Renard, J. Bouchet, P. 2001 . Mollusca, in Costello, M.J. et al. Ed. 2001 . European register of ... more details
1035 BC 1035 BCE Ixion 1035 BC 1035 997 BC 997 BCE Agelas I 997 BC 997 960 BC 960 BCE Prymnis 960 BC 960 925 BC 925 BCE Bacchis 925 BC 925 890 BC 890 BCE Agelas II 890 BC 890 860 BC 860 BCE Eudemus ... more details
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