for the novel by Michael Crichton Airframe novel Image Merlin Airframe Material.jpg right thumb Airframe diagram for a AgustaWestland AW101 helicopter The airframe of an aircraft is its Structural engineering Mechanical structures mechanical structure . It is typically considered to include fuselage , wing s and undercarriage and exclude the Air propulsion propulsion system . Airframe design is a field of aerospace engineering that combines aerodynamics , Materials science materials technology and manufacturing methods to achieve balances of performance, Reliability engineering reliability and cost. ref Michael C. Y. Niu 1988 . Airframe Structural Design . Conmilit Press LTD. ref History File Vickers Wellington Mark X, HE239 NA Y , of No. 428 Squadron RCAF April 1943 .png thumb Vickers Wellington Wellington Mark X showing the geodesic airframe construction and the level of punishment it could absorb while maintaining airworthiness Modern airframe history began in the United States when a 1903 wood biplane made by Wright brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright showed the potential of Fixed wing aircraft fixed wing designs . Many early developments were spurred by military needs during World ... J 1 . Commerce Commercial airframe development during the 1920s and 1930s focused on monoplane ... War II , military needs again dominated airframe designs. Among the best known were the US C 47 Skytrain ... to be a high altitude bomber, the first with a pressurised fuselage. Postwar commercial airframe design ... to carry 100 or fewer passengers. Many manufacturers produce airframe components. Present and future Image Shuttle Carrier Aircraft interior bulkhead.jpg thumb right Rough interior of a Boeing 747 airframe ... spar Four major eras in commercial airframe production stand out all aluminum structures beginning ... ref The Airbus A380 is also built with a large proportion of composite material. Airframe production ... with the Braniff Flight 542 1959 Lockheed L 188 crash in showing difficulties that the airframe ... more details
Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Airframe title orig translator image Image Airframe cover.jpg 200px image caption First edition cover author Michael Crichton illustrator cover artist country United States language English language English series genre Techno thriller , br Science fiction publisher Alfred A. Knopf Knopf release date 1996 media type Print Hardcover pages 393 isbn ISBN 0 679 44648 6 dewey 813 .54 21 congress PS3553.R48 A77 1996 oclc 35723547 preceded by The Lost World Crichton novel The Lost World followed by Timeline novel Timeline Airframe is a novel by American writer Michael Crichton , first published in hardcover in 1996 by Alfred A. Knopf Knopf and as a paperback in 1997 by Ballantine Books . The plot follows Casey Singleton, a quality assurance vice president at the fictional aerospace manufacturer Norton Aircraft, as she investigates an Accidents and incidents in aviation in flight accident aboard a Norton manufactured airliner that leaves three passengers dead and fifty six injured. Airframe remains one of Crichton s few novels to be unadapted to film and the only such novel written in the twentieth century . Crichton stated this to be due to the great expenses needed to make such a film. Plot summary The novel opens aboard Hong Kong based Transpacific Airlines Flight 545, a Norton Aircraft manufactured N 22 ... In Airframe , as in most of his novels, Crichton uses the false document literary device , presenting .... The New York Times Christopher Lehmann Haupt said of Airframe, By playing hide and seek with his ... time, he has taken on a complex subject in Airframe and made its subtleties dramatically vivid ... References Reflist External links http www.michaelcrichton.com books airframe history.html Airframe webpage Michael Crichton DEFAULTSORT Airframe Novel Category 1996 novels Category Novels by Michael ... Airframe es Punto cr tico novela fr Turbulences roman it Punto critico romanzo ... more details
A geodesic airframe alternatively, geodetic is a type of construction for the airframe s of aircraft developed by United Kingdom British aeronautical engineer Barnes Wallis in the 1930s. It makes use of a space frame formed from a spirally crossing basket weave of load bearing members. ref name Buttler93 Buttler, p.93 ref The principle is that two geodesic dome geodesic arcs can be drawn to intersect on a curving surface the fuselage in a manner that the Torsion mechanics torsional load on each cancels out that on the other. ref name Buttler94 Buttler, p.94 ref Early examples Image Constitutiondiagonalriders.gif thumb right 300px 18th century American warships Diagonal rider in their construction. The diagonal rider structural element was used by Joshua Humphreys in the Original six frigates of the United States Navy first US Navy sail frigates in 1794. Citation needed date March 2011 Diagonal riders are viewable in the interior hull structure of the preserved USS Constitution on display in Boston Harbor. Citation needed date March 2011 The structure was a pioneering example of non Orthogonality orthogonal structural components. Citation needed date March 2011 However they do not constitute a space frame. The diagonal riders were included in these naval vessels construction to reduce the problem of hogging and sagging hogging in the ship s hull. Calling any diagonal wood brace as used on gates, buildings, ships or other structures with cantilevered or diagonal loads an example of geodesic design is a misnomer. In a geodetic structure, the strength and structural integrity, and indeed the shape, come from the diagonal braces the structure does not need the bits in between for part of its strength implicit in the name space frame as does a more conventional wooden structure ... to the airframe and distinguish it from geodesic which is the proper term for a line on a curved ... Geodesic Airframe Category Airship technology Category Structural system Category Aerospace ... more details
For the earlier weapon named Ram Ram rocket Infobox Weapon name RIM 116 Rolling Airframe Missile image File RIM 116 Rolling Airframe Missile Launcher 3.jpg 300px caption RAM Launcher on fast attack craft Ozelot of the German Navy origin USA GER type Close in weapons system Type selection is rangedl Yes is bladed is explosive is artillery is vehicle is missile Yes is UK Service history service 1992 present used by See Operators operators wars Production history designer General Dynamics now Raytheon Diehl BGT Defence design date 1976 manufacturer General Dynamics now Raytheon Diehl BGT Defence unit cost 440,000 unit production date 1985 present number variants See Variants variants General specifications ... 21 Rolling Airframe Missiles secondary armament engine engine power pw ratio transmission payload ... GML of the Mk 49 Guided Missile Launching System GMLS transport The RIM 116 Rolling Airframe Missile ... Institute date 2005 pages 519 ref The Rolling Airframe Missiles, together with the Mk 49 Guided ... is an upgraded version of the Rolling Airframe Missile RAM ship self defense missile system. The RAM ... January 2012. ref HAS Mode File RIM 116 Loading.jpg thumb Sailors handle the rolling airframe missile ... Green Bay LPD 20 fires a surface to air intercept missile from it s Rolling Airframe Missile RAM launcher.jpg ... Rolling Airframe Missile http www.globalsecurity.org military systems munitions ram.htm RIM 116 RAM Rolling Airframe Missile GlobalSecurity.org http www.waffenhq.de schiffe rim 116ram.htm RIM 116 RAM Rolling Airframe Missile waffenHQ.de http www.designation systems.net dusrm m 116.html Raytheon General ... RIM 116 Rolling Airframe Missile de RIM 116 Rolling Airframe Missile es RIM 116 RAM ko RIM 116 it RIM 116 Rolling Airframe Missile ja RAM no RIM 116 Rolling Airframe Missile pl RIM 116 Rolling Airframe Missile pt RIM 116 Rolling Airframe Missile ru ASMD fi RIM 116 Rolling Airframe Missile sv Rolling airframe missile tr RIM 116 Rolling Airframe Missile zh RIM 116 ... more details
Geodetic is an adjective meaning pertaining to geodesy , the science of measurement of the earth. See also Geodetic system Geodetic airframe disambig ... more details
wiktionary Boresight Boresight may refer to NOTOC Antenna boresight , the optical axis of a directional antenna Boresight firearm , adjustments made to an optical sight, to align the barrel of a firearm with the sights A term used to describe the accurate alignment of avionic equipment in an airframe disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2007 Emergency Flotation Systems EFS are emergency systems installed on larger commercial and military helicopter s in order to prevent the airframe sinking in the event of a crash landing on water. The floats may be packed within spaces inside the airframe or as externally mounted packs on the helicopter skids . The floats are inflated using gas stored in pressurised cylinders carried on board the helicopter. The most rapid inflation is provided by pressurised helium although some float systems use helium blended with other gases such as nitrogen to slow down the inflation rate. Citation needed date November 2007 References reflist Zodiac Group AERAZUR Cognac, France and Air Cruisers Company Wall Township, New Jersey, USA are two major manufacturing sources for emergency flotation systems requirements. rde09jun09. Category Helicopter components aircraft component stub ... more details
Kitai is a Russian Names of China Cathay name of China , a cognate of the English word Cathay . Kitai is also another name for Qitai , a city in Xinjiang province of China. Kitai is Japanese term for airframe and before 1945 was used by Japanese army to Japanese military aircraft designation systems Short designation Ki number designate their aircraft types . Kitai, Tanzania People Davidi Kitai is the first Belgian poker player to win a World Series of Poker bracelet . disambig ... more details
Manning Nunataks coor dm 71 0 S 71 12 E is a group of nunatak s in the eastern side of the southern part of Amery Ice Shelf , about 20 nautical miles 37 km north northeast of Pickering Nunatak . Photographed from the air by ANARE Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions in 1957. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia ANCA for Sgt. A.S. Manning , RAAF, airframe fitter at Mawson Station in 1958. usgs gazetteer Category Nunataks of Mac. Robertson Land MacRobertsonLand geo stub ... more details
Tube and fabric construction is a method of building airframe s, which include the fuselage s and wings of airplanes. It consists of making a framework of metal tubes generally welded together and then covering the framework with an aircraft fabric covering . The tubes are usually of steel or Aluminum tubes aluminum . The advantages of tube and fabric construction over other methods of airframe construction such as wood and sheet metal are lower cost and faster speed of construction. ref cite web url http www.associated?content.com article 1380864 homebuilt aircraft tube and fabric.html?cat 6 title Homebuilt Aircraft Tube and Fabric Construction author date January 19, 2009 work publisher Associated content from Yahoo accessdate November 20, 2011 ref The question mark was added to associated?content.com because of a spam filter. Perhaps this page can be removed from the blacklisting, or another source can be found. References Reflist External links http www.hoaircraft.com Piper Tube Fabric page2.html Photos of tube framework and fabric covering aircraft stub Category Aircraft components Category Structural system ... more details
ref NOTOC Rocket generations LV0 The first airframe, LV0 was a proof of concept for some of the radio ... LV1 The second airframe, LV1 was flown to 3.6 km 12,000 feet in April 1999. It added an emergency ... IMU. It was flown to 13.53 km 11,600 feet in October 2000. ref name usenix03 LV2 The third airframe, LV2 was first flown as an airframe only with commercial flight computer in September 2002. It reached ... aluminum airframe measured 11 feet tall, 5.25 inches wide, and weighed 115 pounds. The avionics ... ref LV2.3 The fourth airframe and replacement avionics are currently being designed. The airframe will retain ... nodes connected via USB . A successful launch of the new airframe and recovery hardware was made ... more details
MonoKote is commercially available light weight plastic shrink wrap film available in various color schemes with an adhesive on one side, used to cover and form the surfaces of a model aircraft . The material is cut to size and applied to the airframe surfaces using a hobby iron or heat gun. TopFlite Monokote covering film is made by General Formulations in Sparta MI 49345 and is exclusively sold and or distributed by Hobbico Inc 2904 Research Road, Champaign, IL 61822 and their subsidiaries. The name MonoKote, a registered trademark of golfball manufacturer Top Flite, alludes to monocoque , a type of stressed skin airframe construction. The patent for Top Flite Monokote is held by Sidney Axlerod ref http www.freepatentsonline.com 3388651.pdf Patent ref Monokote is also a type of fireproofing material, which is gypsum based and is spray applied. ref cite web url http www.na.graceconstruction.com template.cfm?page fire fire faqs.html&did 3 title Fireproofing FAQs publisher Grace Construction Products accessdate 2007 07 01 ref See also Ultracote References reflist External links http www.monokote.com Top Flite MonoKote Category Radio controlled aircraft product stub ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Image F7U 3 CVA 19 ramp strike 1955.jpg thumb Ramp strike of a VF 124 Vought F7U Cutlass F7U 3 Cutlass on the USS Hancock CVA 19 on 14 July 1955. The pilot was killed. A ramp strike is a when an aircraft coming to land aboard an aircraft carrier impacts the rear of the carrier, also called the ramp, below the level of the flight deck . Damage from a ramp strike to the aircraft can range from broken hook or undercarriage to total loss of airframe damage to the carrier can range from injured deck plating to a severe fire. External links Commonscat inline Ramp strikes DEFAULTSORT Ramp Strike Category Aircraft carriers Category Aviation risks Category Naval aviation Aviation stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A torsion box consists of two skins to carry the applied loads on either side of a lightweight core material or grid of thin beams. A hollow core door is probably the most common example of a torsion box stressed skin structure. The principle is to use less material more efficiently. The torsion box uses the properties of its thin surfaces to carry the imposed loads primarily through tension whilst the close proximity of the enclosed core material compensates for the tendency of the opposite side to buckle under compression. Torsion boxes are used in the construction of structural insulated panels for houses, wooden table furniture table s and door s, ski s, snowboard s, and airframe s especially wing s and vertical stabilizer s,. DEFAULTSORT Torsion Box Category Structural engineering Tech stub pl Keson lotnictwo ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Project Halitosis was a 1965 undertaking by the United States Air Force to study the amount of radioactive gases released from their experimental nuclear powered bomber program. The heavily modified Convair B 36 B 36H bomber contained a small, open circuit nuclear reactor to test the physical and radiological stresses it placed on the airframe and was not used for power. The radioactive gases released from the air cooled reactor gave the program its halitosis bad breath reference. The project was part of the U.S. Air Force s Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion program Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion project which operated between 1950 and 1967. External links Portal United States Air Force http www.megazone.org ANP atomair.shtml Category Projects of the United States Air Force Category Nuclear history of the United States USAF stub ... more details
An aerostructure is a component of an aircraft s airframe. This may include all or part of the fuselage , wing s, or flight control surfaces. Companies that specialize in constructing these components are referred to as aerostructures manufacturers, though many larger aerospace firms with a more diversified product portfolio also build aerostructures. Mechanical testing of the individual components or complete structure is carried out on a Universal Testing Machine . Test carried out include tensile, compression, flexure, fatigue, impact, compression after impact. Examples Alcoa s Howmet division Rohr, Inc. Goodrich Aerostructures Group Spirit AeroSystems Vought GKN Messier Bugatti Dowty Category Aerospace engineering Aviation stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 Pierre Ernest Mercier died June 11, 1944 was a French aeronautical engineer . A former student of the cole Polytechnique , he invented and patented a type of cowling for radial engine s. He joined aircraft manufacturer Lior et Olivier later SNCASE in the 1930s, where he designed the airframe for the LeO 451 . Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Mercier, Pierre ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH June 11, 1944 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Mercier, Pierre Category French inventors Category French aerospace engineers Category Year of birth missing Category 1944 deaths France engineer stub ... more details
S32 may refer to S postcode area S32 postcode for Hope Valley County Route S32 California County Route S32 Bergen County, New Jersey County Route S32 New Jersey , a List of county routes in Bergen County, New Jersey county route in Bergen County Short S.32 , a Template Short Brothers aircraft Short Brothers aircraft USS S 32 SS 137 , a 1918 S class submarine of the United States Navy an early stage non built airframe of the Sukhoi Su 47 , an 1997 experimental supersonic jet fighter Cooperstown Municipal Airport FAA LID a Stadtbahn Karlsruhe line 32 bit type used by the real time kernel routines Letter NumberCombDisambig ... more details
ref improve date November 2011 unreferenced date November 2011 Slop is the freedom of play in the levers and control systems of a model helicopter which results in it being difficult or unpredictable to fly. Slop can come from loose ball links, worn servomechanism servo gear train s or loose output shafts, damaged bearing mechanical bearing s, or looseness or lack of rigidity of any supporting part of the airframe . References CCBYSASource source RC Helicopter Wiki sourcepath http www.rcheliwiki.com Slop sourcearticle Slop revision http en.wikipedia.org w index.php?title SLOP&oldid 322031652 Radio controlled models Category Radio control Category Unmanned vehicles Category Scale modeling ... more details
Mount Johansen coor dm 70 30 S 67 13 E is a summit rising to 1,555 m in the south central part of White Massif in the Aramis Range , Prince Charles Mountains . First visited by ANARE Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions southern party led by W.G. Bewsher in December 1956. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia ANCA for Sgt. G. Johansen , RAAF, airframe fitter at Mawson Station in 1956. usgs gazetteer DEFAULTSORT Johansen Category Mountains of Mac. Robertson Land MacRobertsonLand geo stub ... more details
The Aeronautical Development Agency ADA of India s Ministry of Defence was established in Bangalore in 1984 to oversee the development of the nation s Light Combat Aircraft LCA programme. Airframe HAL Tejas HAL Tejas uses as high as 45 percent composite in its airframe. Composite structure owe their lightweight characteristics to the designer freedom to place the load carrying material only where it is required.This is achieved by using lightweight, high strength fibers embedded in a design matrix which can be oriented during the manufacturing process to suit the designers requirements. Facilities ASMS Cockpit Environment Facility Computing Center Iron Bird LCA Hangar Lightening Test Facility Virtual Reality Wind Tunnel Testing Facility Software development ADA has established advanced state of the art computing center with several powerful equipments and software. ADA has developed specialized software in the fields of computer aided design CAD , computer aided engineering CAE , computer aided manufacturing CAM , avionics, systems, independent validation and verification, flight simulation. The spin off benefits of the research and development is realized with help of commercial partnership with leading multi national companies such as Boeing , Airbus , IBM , Dassault Syst mes , Parametric Technology Corporation PTC . The following are some of the software developed for the LCA Tejas development programme. Autolay CADTRANS FINESSE FINEGRAF GITA PRANA Successful flights LCA Tejas has completed 1837 Test Flights successfully. 26 April 2012 . TD1 233,TD2 305,PV1 242,PV2 222,PV3 339,LSP1 74,LSP2 206,PV5 36,LSP3 49,LSP4 49,LSP5 80,LSP7 2 External links http www.ada.gov.in ADA website Aviation lists Category Aviation in India Category Ministry of Defence India Aviation stub ... more details
image Maille Braize 14.jpg thumb French Malafon Anti Submarine Missile on its turret File WeaponAlfa.jpg thumb American RUR 4 Weapon Alpha naval Anti Submarine rocket launcher 1950s A missile turret is a specific type of weapon turret a device for aiming missile s towards their intended target before Rocket launcher launch . Similarly to gun turret s they have been used on warships and vehices on Armoured fighting vehicle the ground . In most roles articulated missile lunching systems on warships have been replaced by Vertical Launching System vertical launching system s. Ship based missile systems often have centralised guidance systems which eliminate the need for targeting sensors on the turrets themselves. Examples Aboard ships Some Close in weapon system s, like the RIM 116 Rolling Airframe Missile Rolling Airframe Missile and the Crotale missile systems. Mk 10 GMLS for the RIM 67 Standard or RIM 2 Terrier missile Mk 12 GMLS for the RIM 8 Talos missile Mk 13 Missile Launcher Mk 13 missile launcher Mk 26 launcher for the RIM 66 Standard or RIM 24 Tartar missile Sea Dart missile On land Air Defense Anti Tank System MIM 72 M48 Chaparral Roland air defence Autoloading Empty section date July 2010 Combined type These are some weapon system that use a single turret for mounting a combination of guns and missiles CADS N 1 Kashtan , a Russian naval air defense system Tunguska M1 Russia anti air vehicle See also Guided Missile Launching System Transporter erector launcher External links Information on some launch systems, turreted and otherwise http www.fas.org man dod 101 sys ship weaps index.html Category Weapon fixtures ... more details
Wiktionary Refimprove date December 2009 image f16 frames small.jpg thumb right 150px Interior of an F 16B with the engine removed showing frames or formers. A former is a structural member of an aircraft fuselage , of which a typical fuselage has a series from the nose to the empennage , typically perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. The primary purpose of formers is to establish the shape of the fuselage and reduce the column length of stringers to prevent instability. ref Michael C. Y. Niu 1988 . Airframe Structural Design . Conmilit Press LTD. pp. 376. ref Formers are typically attached to longeron s, which support the skin of the aircraft. The Former and Longeron technique was adopted from boat construction also called stations and stringers , and was typical of light aircraft built until the advent of structural skin s such as fiberglass and other composite materials . Many of today s light aircraft, and homebuilt aircraft in particular, are still designed in this way. They are also found in the cores of potentiometer s in which the resistive material is wrapped round. Notes references Aircraft components Aviation lists Category Aircraft components Aviation stub ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2009 The wetted aspect ratio is a good indication of the aerodynamic efficiency of an aircraft. It is a better measure than the aspect ratio wing aspect ratio . It is defined as math mathit AR mathrm wet b 2 over S w math where math b math is span and math S w math is the wetted surface the entire surface area of the airframe exposed to airflow of the whole aircraft in contrast to the wing area used for the definition of the aspect ratio. A good example of this is the Boeing B 47 and Avro Vulcan . Both aircraft have very similar performance although they are radically different. The B 47 has a high aspect ratio wing, while the Avro Vulcan is a low aspect ratio blended wing body . They have, however, a very similar wetted aspect ratio. Category Aerospace engineering Category Engineering ratios Category Aircraft wing design Aspect ratio, wetted ... more details
E10 , E 10 or E 10 may be E10 algebra E10 fuel , a mixture of 10 ethanol and 90 gasoline E 10 MC2A , a Northrop Grumman military aircraft based on the Boeing 767 400ER airframe Chevy E10 DB Class E 10 , a 1952 German electric locomotive European route E10 JNR Class E10 , a class of Japanese steam locomotive London Buses route E10 E10, a postcode district in the E postcode area LSWR E10 class , a British Template LSWR Locomotives LSWR Locomotive Olympus E 10 , a single lens reflex camera digital camera circa 2000 and also Entertainment Software Rating Board E10, the symbol for Everyone 10 E 10, an experimental German light tank destroyer of World War II, part of the Entwicklung series the 10 elected members of the United Nations Security Council E10 screw , a type of Edison screw Diabetes mellitus type 1 ICD 10 code Letter NumberCombDisambig de E10 es E10 fr E10 it E10 nl E10 ja E10 pl E10 ru E10 ... more details
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