marketing Wikibooks Marketing AllcommodityVolume value ACV represents the total annual sales volume of retailer s that can be aggregated from individual store level up to larger Geographical sets. This measure is typically presented millions dollars MM in the United States , but may be represented in other currencies as appropriate. The total dollar sales that go into ACV include the entire store inventory sales, rather than sales for a specific category of products Hence the term allcommodityvolume . ACV is best related to the key marketing concept of placement distribution business Distribution . Usage discussion of ACV It s nothing but an annual dollar sale for a geography in millon of dollars. When dividing total sales for an outlet into ACV million dollar blocks, it allows for equivalization across inherently different sized market or retailers in size. A large share of sales in Des Moines may or may not be as important as having a lesser share in New York City . The open question in the above case can be resolved by dividing sales regardless of outlet into a sales rate per MM. Example calculation Assume in a city there are two Hardware store hardware retailers. The first retailer boasts five big box store locations that boast weekly ACV total sales of all products of 15 MM per. The second retailer may also features five store locations, but they tend to be closer to mom and pop size, with average weekly ACV at only 5MM per. The total market size is ten hardware stores, and 100MM in total market ACV. Assuming a tool set a company produces is only distributed in the second smaller store chain, it is obviously represented in half the store locations 50 . However, all ... distribution in higher volume stores for the greater sales potential. More consumer s spending more ... in terms of sales volume, or even geographical locations e.g. New York Metro vs. Omaha An item e.g. ... of its over all distribution business distribution . This is often referred to as weighted sales ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2009 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Warts and AllVolume 3 Type Live album Artist moe. Cover 5MCD19.jpg Released September 3, 2003 Recorded November 13, 1998 Genre Rock music Rock Length 230 00 Label Fatboy Records Producer moe. Reviews Last album Wormwood moe. album Wormwood br 2003 This album Warts and AllVolume 3 br 2003 Next album Warts and AllVolume 4 br 2005 Warts and AllVolume 3 is the third volume in a Warts and All album series collection of commercially released, full concert live album s by the United States American jam band moe. It was recorded concert live on November 13, 1998 at the Vic Theater in Chicago , Illinois . Track listing Disc one 32 Things Nebraska Timmy Tucker CalifornIA Moth Disc two Intro Plane Crash Threw It All Away Hi and Lo Head Buster Jam Sensory Deprivation Bank Disc three Big World witty banter Tambourine I Know You Rider Hidden Track s Dr. Graffenburg Four Rebubula recorded live on 9 12 98 Personnel moe. Vinnie Amico drums Rob Derhak bass, vocals Chuck Garvey guitar, vocals, photography, illustrations Al Schnier guitar, vocals Fred Kevorkian mastering Steve Young engineer, mixing Becca Childs Derhak art direction External links http stores.musictoday.com store product.asp?band id 1077&dept id 7573&pf id 5MCD19&sfid 19 album at the band website http moe.disclogic.com details.jsp?albumId 2348&itemId 7566&brandID 26&sessionID 0BAEA1F9DCFBAC78D8B08ECA6D35874B Warts and AllVolume 3 download Disc Logic Category Triple live albums Category Moe. live albums Category 2003 live albums ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Warts and AllVolume 6 Type Live album Artist moe. Cover Released 2008 Recorded January 28, 2007 Genre Rock music Rock Length Label Fatboy Records Producer moe. Reviews Last album Sticks and Stones moe. album Sticks and Stones br 2008 This album Warts and AllVolume 6 br 2008 Next album Warts and AllVolume 6 is a live album recorded on January 28, 2007 at Liberty Hall in Lawrence, Kansas. It is the sixth set in a collection of commercially released full concert live albums by the American jam band moe. The cover art is an homage to The Best of Kansas . Track listing All tracks recorded live on January 28, 2007 at Liberty Hall in Lawrence , KS. Disc one Intro Captain America It Bring It Back Home Lost Along the Way Jazz Wank Disc two Rebubula Spine of a Dog Dr. Graffenburg Disc three Four Head Brent Black Gone Encore The Ghost of Ralph s Mom Encore 2000s rock album stub Category Moe. live albums Category 2007 albums ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Warts and AllVolume 4 Type Live album Artist moe. Cover 5MCD20.jpg Released March 8, 2005 Recorded July 18, 1998 Genre Rock music Rock Length 229 28 Label Fatboy Records Producer moe. Reviews Allmusic Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r729564 pure url yes link Last album Warts and AllVolume 3 br 2003 This album Warts and AllVolume 4 br 2005 Next album The Conch br 2007 Warts and AllVolume 4 is a live album recorded on July 18, 1998 at the Copper Dragon in Carbondale, Illinois Carbondale , Illinois . It is the fourth set in a Anthology collection of commercially released full concert live album s by the United States American jam band moe. Track listing Disc one All tracks recorded live on July 18, 1998 at the Copper Dragon in Carbondale, Illinois. Tuning 1 23 Threw It All Away Schnier 4 56 St. Augustine Derhak 11 07 Waiting for the Punchline Schnier 13 39 Happy Hour Hero Derhak 11 25 Backwoods 4 40 Y.O.Y. Garvery 12 22 Recreational Chemistry Schnier 16 52 Disc two The Harder They Come song The Harder They Come Jimmy Cliff Cliff 7 30 Musical tuning Tuning 0 40 Dr. Graffenburg Derhak 22 37 Hava Nagila Havah Negliah traditional 5 07 Time Ed Derhak 16 08 Water Derhak 7 30 Untitled 15 16 Untitled is a hidden track that is actually Brent Black Low Rider Brent Black Disc three Yodelittle Schnier 22 58 Rebubula Derhak 28 51 I Know You Rider traditional 12 36 Banter 1 26 Bearsong Schnier 9 04 Personnel moe. br Vinnie Amico drums br Rob Derhak bass, vocals br Chuck Garvey guitar, vocals, illustrations br Al Schnier guitar, vocals br br Steve Young mixing br Fred Kevorkian mastering br Becca Childs Derhak art direction, photography br br External links http stores.musictoday.com store product.asp?band id 1077&dept id 7573&pf id 5MCD20&sfid 19 moe. merchandise link http moe.disclogic.com details.jsp?albumId 7299&itemId 47570&brandID 26&sessionID 0BAEA1F9DCFBAC78D8B08ECA6D35874B Warts and AllVolume 4 download Disc Logic Category ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Warts and AllVolume 1 Type Live album Artist moe. Cover 5MCD17.jpg Released November 6, 2001 Recorded February 28, 2001 Genre Rock music Rock , Jam Length 184 57 Label Fatboy Records Producer moe. Last album Dither album Dither br 2001 This album Warts and AllVolume 1 br 2001 Next album Warts and AllVolume 2 br 2002 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 3 5 ref Allmusic class album id r559178 pure url yes Allmusic review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Warts and AllVolume 1 is the first volume in a Warts and All album series collection of commercially released, full concert live album s by the United States American jam band moe. It was recorded concert live on February 28, 2001 at the Scranton Cultural Center in Scranton , Pennsylvania . ref cite web url Allmusic class album id r559178 pure url yes title allmusic.com accessdate 10 4 09 ref Track listing small All tracks by moe. except were noted small Disk one Intro 1 09 Head 15 47 The Ghost of Ralph s Mom also known as TGORM 4 36 Nebraska 4 55 Crab Eyes 10 22 Disk two Moth 17 33 Timmy Tucker 30 39 Intro 0 53 Happy Hour Hero 15 13 Seat of My Pants 9 48 Disk three Tambourine 8 37 Waiting for the Punchline 16 40 Kyle s Song 13 43 Meat 29 18 Moth Reprise 1 46 Encore Intro 0 56 I Wanna Be Sedated Ramones cover 3 14 ref cite web url http moe.org discography ?c 86 title moe. Discography accessdate 10 4 09 ref Personnel moe. Vinnie Amico drums Rob Derhak bass, vocals Chuck Garvey guitar, vocals, illustrations Jim Loughlin percussion Al Schnier guitar, vocals Technical personnel Becca Childs Derhak art direction, photography Fred Kevorkian mastering Steve Young mixing References references Category Triple live albums Category Moe. live albums Category 2001 live albums ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Warts and AllVolume 2 Type Live album Artist moe. Cover 5MCD18.jpg Released September 10, 2002 Recorded February 23, 2002 Genre Rock music Rock , Jam Length 209 47 Label Fatboy Records Producer moe. Last album Warts and AllVolume 1 br 2001 This album Warts and AllVolume 2 br 2002 Next album Season s Greetings from moe. br 2002 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 3 5 ref Allmusic class album id r605526 pure url yes Allmusic review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Warts and AllVolume 2 is the second volume in a Warts and All album series collection of commercially released, full concert live album s by the United States American jam band moe. It was recorded concert live on February 23, 2002 at The Tabernacle in Atlanta , Georgia U.S. state Georgia . ref cite web url Allmusic class album id r605526 pure url yes title allmusic.com accessdate 10 4 09 ref This album is one of 10 live jam releases of this century according to the August issue of Guitar One magazine. Track listing small All tracks by moe. except were noted small Disk one Intro 1 04 Okayalright 5 04 She Sends Me 4 54 Spaz Medicine 9 58 Understand 7 08 Letter Home 5 34 Timmy Tucker Kids jam 28 19 Disk two Kids 23 32 Mexico 22 38 Happy Hour Hero 14 38 Seat of My Pants 12 03 Sensory Deprivation Bank 6 06 Disk three Four 13 41 Rebubula Encore 20 28 Bantor 2 05 Fire Jimi Hendrix Cover 2 05 ref cite web url http moe.org discography ?c 83 title moe. Discography accessdate 10 4 09 ref Hidden track after Fire Spine of a Dog Buster Personnel moe. Vinnie Amico drums Rob Derhak bass, vocals Chuck Garvey guitar, vocals, artwork Jim Loughlin guitar acoustic , percussion, piccolo bass Al Schnier guitar, mandolin, vocals, moog synthesizer Technical personnel Chris Burrows production coordination, stage manager Becca Childs Derhak art direction, photography Fred Kevorkian mastering Steve Young mixing References references Category Triple live albums Category ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Warts and AllVolume 5 Type Live album Artist moe. Cover Released June 12, 2007 Recorded February 22, 2005 Genre Rock music Rock Length Label Fatboy Records Producer moe. Reviews Last album The Conch br 2007 This album Warts and AllVolume 5 br 2007 Next album Sticks and Stones moe. album Sticks and Stones br 2008 Warts and AllVolume 5 is a live album recorded on February 22, 2005 at the Val Air Ballroom in Des Moines, Iowa Des Moines , Iowa . It is the fifth set in a Anthology collection of commercially released full concert live album s by the United States American jam band moe. Unlike most of the Warts and All releases, it does not contain any filler track s . It was released on June 12, 2007. Track listing All tracks recorded live on February 22, 2005 at the Val Air Ballroom in Des Moines , IA. Disc one Intro 0 56 Bring You Down Al Schnier Schnier 12 45 Shoot First Chuck Garvey Garvey , moe. 7 42 Captain America Rob Derhak Derhak 9 19 She Schnier 14 48 Y.O.Y. Garvey 7 59 George Schnier 15 33 Disc two Intro 1 24 Spine of a Dog Garvey 6 29 Mexico Schnier 21 51 Plane Crash Derhak 18 08 Spine of a Dog Garvey 4 37 Yodelittle Schnier 1 29 Disc three Yodelittle Schnier 27 48 Spine of a Dog Garvey 6 42 Buster Derhak 13 09 Encore Tijuana Donkey Show Derhak 6 08 New York City Derhak 5 11 Personnel moe. Chuck Garvey Singing vocals , guitar , cover art Rob Derhak vocals, bass guitar Vinnie Amico Drum kit drums Al Schnier guitar, vocals, Keyboard instrument keyboards , Moog synthesizer Jim Loughlin Percussion instrument percussion , acoustic guitar Production Becca Childs Derhak art direction Fred Kevorkian mastering Charts Album Billboard magazine Billboard border 1 cellspacing 0 cellpadding 2 width 500px align left Year align left Chart align left Position align left 2007 align left Top Heatseekers align center 44 External links http www.moe.org news ?highlight 54 news 54 News and Pictures Category Moe. albums Category Triple ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Visions All Areas Volume 19 Type Compilation album Artist Various Artists Cover vaav19.jpg Released August 27, 2001 Recorded Genre Rock music Rock Length Label Visions Magazine Reviews Last album Visions All Areas Volume 18 br 2001 This album Visions All Areas Volume 19 br 2001 Next album Visions All Areas Volume 20 br 2001 Visions All Areas Volume 19 is a compilation album released on August 27, 2001 and bundled with the Visions Magazine, issue 102. Track listing 60 Miles Per Hour New Order 4 33 Prison Song song Prison Song System of a Down 3 24 Masterplan Solarez 3 35 The Modern Age The Strokes 3 27 Your Number is One Rollins Band 4 27 Long Line of Cars Cake band Cake 3 23 Last Man Standing Biohazard band Biohazard 3 19 The Slow Phaseout Motorpsycho 4 29 Nothing Happens For a Reason I Saw Elvis 3 05 Uneasy Desert Sun 4 06 Bay The Fullbliss 4 35 Bleed American Jimmy Eat World Video Too Hard To Be Free Amen band Amen Video Category 2001 compilation albums 2000s compilation album stub ... more details
All The Stuff And More Volume 2 it All the Stuff And More Volume 2 pl All the Stuff And More Volume 2 pt All the Stuff And More Volume 2 ...Refimprove article date May 2008 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name All the Stuff And More Volume 2 Type Compilation album Cover Ramones All the Stuff And More Volume 2 cover.jpg Artist Ramones Released May 31, 1990 Genre Punk rock Recorded 1977, 1978 Length 73 48 Label Sire Records Producer Tony Bongiovi , Tommy Ramone , Ed Stasium Chronology Ramones compilation album Last album All the Stuff And More Volume 1 br 1990 This album All the Stuff And More Volume 2 br 1990 Next album Hey Ho Let s Go The Anthology br 1999 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 5 5 ref Allmusic class album id r16132 ref noprose yes All the Stuff And More Volume 2 is a compilation album by the Ramones . It includes their third and fourth albums, Rocket to Russia and Road to Ruin Ramones album Road to Ruin , excluding the song Go Mental , plus bonus tracks. Some versions of the album do include Go Mental as track 24, after I Wanna Be Sedated and before Questioningly , for a total of 30 tracks. Track listing All songs written by the Ramones except where indicated. Cretin Hop Rockaway Beach song Rockaway Beach Dee Dee Ramone Here Today, Gone Tomorrow Joey Ramone Locket Love I Don t Care Joey Ramone Sheena Is a Punk Rocker Joey Ramone We re a Happy Family Teenage Lobotomy Do You Wanna Dance? Bobby Freeman I Wanna Be Well I Can t Give You Anything Ramona Surfin Bird Carl White Alfred Frazier John Harris Turner Wilson Why Is It Always This Way? Slug I Want You Around Original Version I Just Want to Have Something to Do Joey Ramone I Wanted Everything Dee Dee Ramone Don t Come Close I Don t Want You Needles and Pins 1963 song Needles And Pins Sonny Bono Jack Nitzsche I m Against It I Wanna Be Sedated Joey Ramone Go Mental Questioningly Dee Dee Ramone She s the One Bad Brain It s a Long ... more details
Records compilation albums hr All The Stuff And More Volume 1 it All the Stuff And More Volume 1 pl All the Stuff And More Volume 1 pt All the Stuff And More Volume 1 ...Refimprove article date May 2008 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name All the Stuff And More Volume One Type Compilation album Cover Ramones All the Stuff And More Volume 1 cover.jpg Artist Ramones Released May 31, 1990 Genre Punk rock Recorded 1976 Length 1 08 52 Label Sire Records Producer Tony Bongiovi , Tommy Ramone , Craig Leon, Ramones The Ramones Chronology Ramones compilation album Last album Ramones Mania br 1988 This album All the Stuff And More Volume 1 br 1990 Next album All The Stuff And More Volume 2 br 1990 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 5 5 ref Allmusic class album id r16131 ref noprose yes All the Stuff And More Volume One is a compilation album by the Ramones . It includes their first two albums, Ramones Ramones album Ramones and Leave Home , in their entirety, with the exception of Carbona Not Glue , a song that was on the original release of Leave Home but was later removed from the album under pressure from the Carbona company and replaced with Sheena Is a Punk Rocker . Also included are a handful of bonus tracks of varying origins, including I Don t Wanna Be Learned I Don t Wanna Be Tamed and I Can t Be , which were early, previously unreleased demos Babysitter , originally the b side to the Do You Wanna Dance? single, was the first replacement of Carbona Not Glue and the final two tracks, California Sun and I Don t Wanna Walk Around With You , are live recordings. Track listing All songs written by the Ramones except where indicated. Blitzkrieg Bop Tommy Ramone 2 12 Beat on the Brat Joey Ramone 2 31 Judy Is a Punk Dee Dee Ramone , Joey Ramone 1 30 I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend Tommy Ramone 2 15 Chain Saw Joey Ramone 1 55 Now I Wanna Sniff Some Glue Dee Dee Ramone 1 35 I Don t Wanna Go Down to the Basement Dee Dee Ramone Johnny ... more details
its use. A commodity also has a use value , ref Karl Marx, Capital Volume I , p. 35 and Capital contained ... of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels Volume 29, p. 270. ref It has an exchange value , meaning that a commodity ... of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels Volume 28 , p. 102. ref Even so, in simple commodity production ... is changed into a commodity ref Karl Marx, Capital Volume I , p. 147 and Capital as contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels Volume 35 , p.159. ref C M an act of sale a commodity ... Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels Volume 35 , p. 166. ref C C countertrade, in which a commodity ... a process Marx calls commodity fetishism , ref Karl Marx, Capital Volume I , pp. 71 83 and Capital ... of political economy , a commodity is any good or service products of activities ref Karl Marx ... Engels Volume 28 International Publishers New York, 1986 p. 80. ref produced by human labour ref Karl Marx, Capital Volume I International Publishers New York, 1967 p. 38 and also Capital as contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels Volume 35 , p. 48. ref and offered as a product for general sale on the market. ref Karl Marx, Capital Volume I , p. 36 and also in Capital as contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels Volume 35 , p. 46. ref ... goods. Marx s analysis of the commodity in German Kaufware , i.e. merchandise, ware for sale ... economists. Citation needed date May 2012 Characteristics of commodity quote Man really attains the state ... as a commodity. Che Guevara ref A letter from Che Guevara to Carlos Quijano, published as From Algiers ... 03 man socialism.htm Socialism and Man in Cuba ref In Marx s theory, a commodity is something that is bought ... Economy contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels Volume 29 International ... of human labor. ref Karl Marx, Capital Volume I , International Publishers New York, 1967 p. 38 and Capital contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels Volume 35 International ... more details
Web Volume Report CMEG.pdf ref Tokyo Commodity Exchange Japan NYSE Euronext USA Dalian Commodity ... of Trade Futures market Commodity markets are markets where raw or primary products are exchanged. These raw ... commodity markets. It covers physical product food, metals, electricity markets but not the ways that services, including those of governments, nor investment, nor debt, can be seen as a commodity ... commodity money and the more complex instruments offered in the commodity markets. See List of traded commodities for some commodities and their trading units and places. History The modern commodity ... November 2008 For a commodity market to be established, there must be very broad consensus on the variations ... of commodity markets is hard to overestimate. Through the 19th century the exchanges ... November 2008 Early history of commodity markets Historically, dating from ancient Sumer ian use of sheep or goats, other peoples using pigs, rare seashells, or other items as commodity money , people ... itself more smooth and predictable. citation needed date January 2011 Commodity money and commodity .... This made them a form of commodity money more than an IOU debt I.O.U. but less than a guarantee ..., but the contracts remained on flat tablets. This represented the first system of commodity accounting ... have seen an upturn in the volume of trading since the start of the decade. This was largely ... options which has made it easier to access this market. The global volume of commodities contracts ... traded commodities in 2009, up on its 40 share in the previous year. Commodity assets under management ... Trading report ref Commodity as a new asset class for pension funds and SWFs In order to further ... to real assets such as a commodities and commodity related infrastructure. ref name turkishweekly ... Revue Analyse Financi re, volume 41 date Q4 2011 accessdate 30 July 2011 location . ref Think tanks such as the World Pensions Council WPC have argued that, unlike previous recession ary cycle s, commodity ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2008 Commodity plastics are plastics that are used in high volume and wide range of applications, such as film for packaging, photographic and magnetic tape, beverage and trash containers and a variety of household products where mechanical properties and service environments are not critical. Such plastics exhibit relatively low mechanical properties and are of low cost. The range of products includes Plates, Cups, Carrying Trays, Medical Trays, Containers, Seeding Trays, Printed Material and other disposable items. Examples of commodity plastics are polyethylene , polypropylene , polystyrene , polyvinyl chloride , polymethyl methacrylate , polyethylene terephthalate and more. Additional reading Engineering plastic s Haugan, Harold W. Fantastic Plastics Welcome Aboard Exposition Press Books, 1974 DEFAULTSORT Commodity Plastics Category Plastics polymer stub ... more details
Commodity exchange may refer to Commodities exchange , any exchange where various commodities and derivatives products are traded. Commodity markets , for the markets trading on commodities in general. See also Commodity Exchange disambig ... more details
, capitalist commodity production tends to displace or destroy all forms of production which ...Unreferenced date May 2010 Commodity production is the production of wares for sale. It is a type of production ... or services sold as products , but often the use of the term commodity production is restricted to the production of goods. The word commodity came into use in English in the 15th century, from the French ... variously appropriateness , proper measure, time or condition and advantage, benefit . Normally commodity ... and their value is expressed in money prices. Because commodity production is aimed at trading the products ..., and that products for which there is no market are unlikely to be produced. Commodity producers ... are all linked together to contribute to one final good. Therefore, the distinction between what ... by fewer and fewer people, but, in reality, the goods producing process could not occur at all without ... provided are not commodities, but in reality they might provide a vital input into a commodity ..., forestry products, fishing products and mineral products metals, oil, gas, ores . The commodity ... and exclusively to the production of primary products , and not just to any vendible commodity. Statistical usage In statistical reports, the broad definition of commodity production is the mass ... a list of types of commodity production can be obtained in this sense. Marxian usage The use of the term commodity in the sense of wares for sale or merchandise was made famous especially by Karl Marx s analysis of the commodity form in the opening chapter of Das Kapital . Marx follows but also ... use value , arguing that in commodity production this distinction maps onto the distinction ... commodity production in which most production is organized for the purpose of trading the products. In Marxist theory and Marxian economics the term commodity production continues to be widely used, and has a specific scientific meaning see commodity Marxism , commodification , commodity fetishism ... more details
Image Manillaokhapo.JPG thumb An okpoho or manillas manilla , the traditional commodity money in West Africa until the 1940s. Commodity money is money whose Value economics value comes from a commodity ... to one another, in various commodity valuation or price system economies. Aspects Commodity money is to be distinguished ... for the underlying commodity, but only as the trade is good for that source and the product. A key feature of commodity money is that the value is directly perceived by the users of this money, who ... the barrel at hand. This thinking guides the modern commodity market s, although they use a sophisticated ... type of commodity. Since payment by commodity generally provides a useful good, commodity money .... Harv Radford 1945 described the establishment of commodity money in Prisoner of war camp World War ... example, in U.S. prisons, after smoking was banned in about 2003, commodity money has switched ... standard In situations where the commodity is metal, typically gold or silver , a government mint ... . The role of a mint and of coin differs between commodity money and fiat money . In situations where there is a commodity money, the coin retains its value if it is melted and physically ... does, arose in the market as a useful and scarce commodity and began to serve as a general medium ... widespread use of commodity money was tobacco, which served as money in Virginia. The pound of tobacco ... rothbard rothbard260.html Commodity Money in Colonial America , LewRockwell.com ref blockquote ... from commodity to representative to fiat money, with people trading in other goods being forced to trade ..., cigarettes became used as a form of commodity money in some areas. Cigarettes are still used as a form of commodity money in U.S. prisons Harvnb Lankenau 2001 p 142 concludes that where jails don t ban ... of commodity money File Japan commodity money before the 8th century.jpg thumb 300px Japanese commodity ... form of Japanese currency . Although some commodity money barley , has been used historically in relations ... more details
their historical origin in commodity trade. ref In chapter 2 of Capital, Volume I , Marx explains that commodity trade and commodity production precede capitalist exchange and capitalist commodity production .... Marx, Capital, Volume I, Penguin ed. 1976, p. 273. Marx explains loc. cit. that commodity production ... In a commodity market, producers and consumers perceive each other via the goods that are bought and sold. Marxism In Marx s critique of political economy , commodity fetishism denotes the mystification ... things commodities and money . The concept of commodity fetishism plays a crucial role in Marx s theory ... economic phenomena can be fetishized the fetish of money, ref See Marx, Capital, Volume I , chapter ... an independent power vis a vis the people. ref In chapter 24 of Capital, Volume III , Marx ... is non commercial subsistence production. The same point is made again in Capital, Volume ... volume of Das Kapital ref Capital Vol I. Part I § 4 The Fetishism of Commodities and the Secret thereof p. 31 in the Great Books of the Western World Great Books Volume 50 First Edition ... value form of a commodity is mediated, namely by its relation to another commodity. Through this value form the value of the commodity is expressed as something completely distinct from its own sensible existence. Appendix to the 1st German edition of Capital , Volume 1, 1867 http www.marxists.org archive ... occupation, of small scale feudal agriculture etc. In all these real historic transitions, wage labour appears as the dissolution, the annihilation of relations in which labour was fixed on all ... in this mode of production is equated with the commodity by those who have to deal with it. It is this that forms ... Process of Production , appendix in Capital Volume 1 . Penguin edition, 1976, p. 983 ... Images . Critique Journal of Socialist Theory , Volume 38, Number 1, February 2010 , pp. 93 116. ref ..., but people no longer see the human cooperation behind the market which makes it all possible. In economic ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Electrochemical cell Cell s are individual cylindrical or rectangular energy storage devices inside a battery. Commodity cells are the kind of cells used in laptop s and cell phone s, as the energy storage element in its batteries. Cells that can be used by electronics manufacturers like Dell Computer just as they can be used by car companies. Production The auto industry battery consortium, USABC , set about to invent automotive batteries made from specialty cells for cars. Tesla Motors uses commodity cells to make their automotive batteries. This is why Tesla s battery is cheaper, higher capacity, more reliable, and more available than anything produced by USABC. It went into production for a fraction of the money previously spent by the consortium. Practically all commodity cells today are made in Asia mainly Japan, South Korea, and China. There is no significant production anywhere in the US. Even American battery companies such as A123 , Valence Technology and AltairNano turn to Asia for mass production. A modern lithium ion cell plant such as those in Japan is a highly automated affair with very low labor content. References http finance.senate.gov hearings testimony 2007test 050107testme.pdf External links http www.teslamotors.com Tesla Motors http finance.senate.gov sitepages hearing050107.htm electronics stub Category Battery electricity ... more details
A commodity pool is an investment structure where many individual investors combine their moneys and trade in futures contract s as a single entity in order to gain leverage. They are analogous to mutual fund s wherein a fund is similarly set up expressly for trading in Stock equity , except that mutual funds are open to public subscription whereas commodity pools and hedge fund s are private. Commodity pools are also called managed futures funds . The name commodity pool is a National Futures Association NFA legal term. In the United States , the Commodity Futures Trading Commission CFTC and the NFA, as opposed to the Securities and Exchange Commission , regulate commodity pools. Many hedge funds are commodity pools. Funds that trade in commodities, which include many of the largest funds engaged in macro strategies, are registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission as commodity pools and as commodity trading advisor s CTAs . In an address to the Securities Industry Association in 2004, Sharon Brown Hruska, acting director of the CFTC, said that 65 of the top 100 funds in 2003 were commodity pools, and 50 out of the 100 largest hedge funds were CTAs in addition to being commodity pools. ref http www.cftc.gov opa speeches04 opabrown hruska 22.htm Sharon Brown Hruska s 2003 speech to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ref See also List of traded commodities Managed futures account References references hedge funds DEFAULTSORT Commodity Pool Category Commodities market ... more details
Refimprove date February 2008 Context date February 2008 A commodity swap is an agreement whereby a floating or market or spot price based on an underlying commodity is exchanged for a fixed price over a specified period. A Commodity swap is similar to a Fixed Floating Interest rate swap . The difference is that in an Interest rate swap the floating leg is based on standard Interest rates like LIBOR, EURIBOR etc. but in a commodity swap the floating leg is based on the price of underlying commodity like Oil, Sugar etc. No Commodities are exchanged during the trade. In this swap, the user of a commodity would secure a maximum price and agree to pay a financial institution this fixed price. Then in return, the user would get payments based on the market price for the commodity involved. On the other side, a producer wishes to fix his income and would agree to pay the market price to a financial institution, in return for receiving fixed payments for the commodity. The vast majority of commodity swaps involve oil . Category Commodities market econ term stub lt aliav apsikeitimo sandoris ... more details
A commodity chain is a process used by business entity firm s to gather resource s, transform them into goods or commodity commodities and, finally, distribute them to consumers. It is a series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market. In short, it is the connected path from which a good travels from producers to consumers. Commodity chains can be unique depending on the product types or the types of markets. Different stages of a commodity chain can also involve different economic sectors or be handled by the same business. http people.hofstra.edu geotrans eng ch5en conc5en ch5c3en.html A number of commentators have remarked that in the Internet age commodity chains are becoming increasingly more transparent. The Wikichains.com project has adopted the same wiki technology used by Wikipedia in order to help make commodity chains more transparent. They are a network of labour and production processes whose end result is a finished commodity . William Jones Esq. econ stub Category Marketing small de Produktionskette es Cadena productiva eu Ekoizpen prozesu pt Cadeia produtiva ... more details
unsourced date November 2007 In the field of economics , the commodity value of a economic good good is its free market Intrinsic value ethics intrinsic value under optimal use conditions. In a free market, the commodity value of a good will be reflected by its price. For example, if an acre of land can yield a net of 100 dollars loss by lying fallow , 50 dollars gain by being planted with corn, and 100 dollars gain by being planted with wheat, then that acre s commodity value is 100 dollars the farmer is assumed to put his land to best use. Currency Commodity value is of particular significance in the study of currency. For example, the commodity value of a coin is the value of the metal of which it is made. Gold and silver coins have a high commodity value, whereas fiat money fiat coins such as modern day Quarter United States coin quarters have a low commodity value. This is of particular historical relevance when analyzed in light of Gresham s Law . Debt Asset backed debt has a commodity value equal to the price of the Collateral finance collateral a loan backed by a house has a commodity value equal to the free market price of the house. Non collateralized debt, on the other hand, does not have a commodity value it is valuable only insofar as it is repaid. Investment Commodity value is an important consideration in hedging against inflation . Whereas fiat currencies can devalue, often hyperinflation catastrophically , currencies with considerable commodity value are known to better maintain their value a government can print as many fiat bills as it wants with relative ease, the same is not true of mining precious metals . This leads some investors to purchase goods and debts with high commodity value, which are inherently safer than those with low, or no commodity value, minimizing risk by sacrificing potential return. See also Gold as an investment Category Commodities used as an investment Category Business terms economic term stub ... more details
In United States federal agricultural policy, the term commodity programs is usually meant to include the commodity price and income support programs administered by the Farm Service Agency and financed by the Commodity Credit Corporation CCC . The commodities now receiving support are those receiving Direct and Counter cyclical Program DCP payments, specifically wheat, corn, grain sorghum, barley, oats, upland cotton, rice, soybeans and other oilseeds, and peanuts those eligible for nonrecourse marketing assistance loans , which includes the previous mentioned commodities plus wool, mohair, honey, dry peas, lentils, and small chickpeas and those having other unique support, including sugar, and milk. A broader phrase that includes these commodity programs and other assistance is farm program s. See also Target price Loan commodity References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach DEFAULTSORT Commodity Programs Category Agricultural subsidies ms Program komoditi ... more details
A commodity broker is a firm or individual who executes orders to buy or sell Commodity market commodity ... who trades for his own account is called a Trader finance trader . Commodity contracts include ... who trade commodity contracts are either Hedge finance hedgers using the derivatives markets to manage ... While historically commodity brokers traded grain and livestock futures contracts, today commodity ... of commodity contracts traded are financial derivatives with financial underlying assets such as stock indexes and currencies. Types Firms and individuals who are often collectively called commodity brokers include Floor Broker Trader an individual who trades commodity contracts on the floor ... of his employer, he is acting in the role of a trader. Floor trading is conducted in the pits of a commodity ... or individual that solicits or accepts orders for commodity contracts traded on an exchange and holds ... ref a firm or individual that solicits or accepts orders for commodity contracts traded on an exchange ... associated with the IB. Commodity Trading Advisor CTA ref National Futures Association CTA http www.nfa.futures.org NFA compliance NFA commodity trading advisors index.HTML ref a firm or individual that, for compensation or profit, advises others, on the trading of commodity contracts. They advise commodity pools and offer hedge fund managed futures accounts. Like an IB, a CTA does not hold customer ... s trading objectives. A CTA is generally the commodity equivalent to a financial advisor or mutual fund manager. Commodity Pool Operator CPO ref National Futures Association CPO http www.nfa.futures.org NFA compliance NFA commodity pool operators index.HTML ref a firm or individual that operates commodity pools advised by a CTA. A commodity pool is essentially the commodity equivalent to a mutual fund. Registered Commodity Representative RCR Associated Person AP an employee, partner or officer ..., CTA, or CPO. This is the commodity equivalent to a registered representative . Regulation A single ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2008 A soft commodity is a commodity such as coffee , Cocoa bean cocoa , sugar , Maize corn , wheat , soybean and fruit . This term generally refers to commodities that are grown, rather than mined. Soft commodities play a major part in the futures market . They are used by farmers wishing to lock in the future prices of their Crop agriculture crops , by commercial purchasers of the products, and by speculative investors seeking a profit. Sometimes the term soft is restricted to commodities which are identified as primarily tropical, such as coffee, cocoa, sugar, cotton, and orange juice. See also Hard commodity Category Commodities used as an investment Category Financial terminology finance stub ... more details
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