Multiple issues expert September 2010 refimprove September 2010 orphan December 2010 mergeto List of traded commodities date September 2010 Commodity chemicals is a group of chemicals including Alcohol , Amines , Betaines , Fatty alcohols , Acids , Wax , Oils and Petrolatum , Quats , Solvents , Surfactants . This subsector is differentiated from the rest of the chemical sector primarily by bulk. The object is to carry out chemical transformations on a massive scale, producing relatively simple molecules at the lowest possible cost. Lowering environmental impacts in commodity chemical production involves large capital expenditures and long time horizons. ref http ecm.ncms.org ERI new IRRcommchem.htm ref references DEFAULTSORT Commodity Chemicals Category Chemical substances Category Commodities market chem stub ... more details
Foreign Exchange A commodity currency is a name given to Currency currencies of countries which depend heavily on the export of certain raw materials for income. These countries are typically Developing country developing countries , eg. countries like Burundi , Tanzania , Papua New Guinea but also include Developed country developed countries like Canada and Australia . In the foreign exchange market , commodity currencies generally refer to the Australian dollar , Canadian dollar , New Zealand dollar , Norwegian krone , South African rand , Brazilian real , and the Chilean peso . See also Gold standard Hard currency Private currency Representative money Reserve currency Silver standard External links http www.imf.org external pubs ft fandd 2003 03 cash.htm IMF s study on commodity currencies econ stub Category Currency Category Money fr Monnaie mati res premi res ru ... more details
Commodity computing or Commodity cluster computing is to use large numbers of already available computing ... Ranawake publisher Goddard Space Flight Center location http spacejournal.ohio.edu title Commodity ... quote The purpose of commodity cluster computing is to utilize large numbers of readily available computing ... far exceeds any expectation of meeting that need. ref It is computing done in commodity computers as opposed to high cost supermicrocomputers or boutique computers. Commodity computers are computer ... are said to be based on commodity components, since the standardization process promotes lower costs and less differentiation among vendors products. A governing principle of commodity computing .... The move towards commodity computing began when Digital Equipment Corporation DEC introduced the PDP ... with the introduction of the first commodity like microcomputer, the Apple II . With the development ... PC was introduced in 1981 and immediately began displacing Apple II s in the corporate world, but commodity ... door and commodity computing was well established. During the 1980s microcomputers began displacing ... a few manufacturers of non commodity computer systems today. Today, there are fewer and fewer general business computing requirements that cannot be met with off the shelf commodity computers. It is likely ... powerful commodity microcomputers. Characteristics of commodity computers A large part of the current commodity computing marketplace is based on IBM PC compatible s. This typically means systems ... drivers. Some of the general characteristics of a commodity computer are Shares a base instruction ... s commodity computers include ATX motherboard form factor. Built in interfaces for floppy drive s, Advanced ... PCI slots for expansion. Some characteristics that are becoming common to many commodity computers and may become part of the commodity computer definition Built in Ethernet interface. Built ... server s, server farm s, and computer cluster s are also computer architecture s that exploit commodity ... more details
Commodity certificates are payments issued by the Commodity Credit Corporation CCC in lieu of cash payments to participants in farm subsidy or agricultural export programs. Holders of certificates are permitted to exchange them for commodities owned by the CCC. Alternatively, farmers may buy certificates and use them to settle marketing assistance loan s as a way of avoiding per person payment limits on marketing loan gains and loan deficiency payments LDPs . References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach Category United States Department of Agriculture ... more details
one source date May 2010 Financial risk types Commodity risk refers to the uncertainties of future market value s and of the size of the future income , caused by the fluctuation in the prices of commodity commodities . ref citebook title Financial Sector Assessment author International Monetary Fund year 2005 publisher ISBN 0821364324 ref These commodities may be grain s, metal s, gas , electricity etc. A commodity enterprise needs to deal with the following kinds of risks Price risk Risk arising out of adverse movements in the world prices, exchange rates, basis between local and world prices Quantity risk Cost risk Input price risk Political risk Groups at Risk There are broadly four categories of agents who face the commodities risk Production, costs, and pricing Producers farmers, plantation companies, and mining companies face price risk, cost risk on the prices of their inputs and quantity risk Buyer s cooperatives, commercial traders and trait ants face price risk between the time of up country purchase buying and sale, typically at the port, to an exporter. Exporter s face the same risk between purchase at the port and sale in the destination market and may also face political risks with regard to export licenses or foreign exchange conversion. Governments face price and quantity risk with regard to tax revenues, particularly where tax rates rise as commodity prices rise generally the case with metals and energy exports or if support or other payments depend on the level of commodity prices. See also Fuel price risk management Sprott Molybdenum Participation Corporation Uranium Participation Corporation References refs Financial risk Category Financial risk Category Commodities Risk ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Greatest Hits Of All Times Remix 89 Volume II Type Remix Artist Boney M. Cover Boney M. The Greatest Hits Of All Times Remix 89 Volume II Hansa .jpg Released November 1989 Recorded 1977 1985, 1988, 1989 Genre R&B , Pop music , Euro disco Length 50 22 Label Hansa Records small FRG small Producer Frank Farian Last album Greatest Hits of All Times Remix 88 br 1988 This album Greatest Hits of All Times Remix 89 Volume II br 1989 Next album The Collection 1991 Boney M. album The Collection Boney M. br 1991 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score NR ref Allmusic class album id r367996 ref Greatest Hits of All Times Remix 89 Volume II is a remix album by Boney M. released in November 1989. The follow up to 1988 s Greatest Hits Of All Times Remix 88 includes remixes by both PWL s Pete Hammond and original producer Frank Farian and yielded two single releases, The Summer Mega Mix and Malaika Lambada Remix . The latter borrowed its remix title and arrangement from Kaoma s 1989 worldwide hit Lambada and the mix of Happy Song from Lil Louis US number one French Kiss . br The remix of El Lute on this compilation which features synth percussion overdubs appears as the original version on a number of compilations including Gold 20 Super Hits in 1992, The Greatest Hits Boney M. album The Greatest Hits in 2001 and The Magic of Boney M. in 2006. br The Boney M. reunion of 1988 had been a tense meeting between lead singer Liz Mitchell and the other three members. When Liz Mitchell also had a solo album out that she wanted to promote, she left the group in the spring of 1989. For the Summer Mega Mix video, producer Frank Farian employed the other three original members and replaced Mitchell with Madeleine Davis who previously had worked with the band as a backing singer on albums Boonoonoonoos , Ten Thousand Lightyears and Eye Dance . Farian ..., biography, discography etc. br br Boney M. DEFAULTSORT Greatest Hits Of All Times Remix 89 Volume ... more details
Futures exchange s establish a minimum amount that the price of a commodity can fluctuate upward or downward. This minimum fluctuation trade increment is known as a tick or commodity tick . Hence, a tick is any fluctuation in the price of a security finance security ref cite web title Understanding the Ticker Tape url http www.investopedia.com articles 01 070401.asp publisher Investopedia ref . Each futures contract has a different size, quantity, valuation etc., so each tick size that can be applied to any one futures contract, is dependent on the previous variables. Tick size is important as it determines the possible prices available. For example, each tick for the grain market soybeans, corn and wheat is 0.25 cents per bushel, on one 5,000 bushel futures contract. class wikitable Tick values for some popular contracts as of June 2010 ref http www.cmegroup.com CME Group ref Futures Product Contract Size Tick Size Tick Value E mini S&P E Mini S&P 500 Chicago Mercantile Exchange CME 50 x index 0.25 12.50 NASDAQ futures E Mini NASDAQ CME 20 x index 0.25 5.00 Australian Dollar A 100,000 0.0001 10.00 ref http www.cmegroup.com trading fx g10 australian dollar contract specifications.html CME Australian Dollar contract specifications ref British Pound 62,500 0.0001 6.25 Canadian Dollar CME C 100,000 0.0001 10.00 Euro FX CME 125,000 0.0001 12.50 Japanese Yen 12,500,000 0.000001 12.50 Mexican Peso MP 500,000 0.000025 12.50 New Zealand Dollar NZ 100,000 0.0001 10.00 Swiss Franc SF 125,000 0.0001 12.50 30 Day Fed Funds 5,000,000 annualized 0.00005 20.835 2 Year Treasury Note 200,000 1 4 of 1 32 15.625 5 Year Treasury Note 100,000 1 4 of 1 32 7.8125 10 Year Treasury Note 100,000 1 2 of 1 32 15.625 ref http www.cmegroup.com trading interest rates us treasury 10 year us treasury note contract specifications.html CME 10 year Note contract specifications ref 30 Year Treasury Bond 100,000 ... commodity futures options contract specs.htm Futures Contract Specifications Tick Values Category Derivatives ... more details
advert date February 2010 primary sources date December 2010 Infobox company company name Manila Commodity Exchange MCX company type Private Limited location First Trade Center, Ayala Ave., 1202 Makati City, The Philippines. key people Chairman Ramon Velda, Vice Chairman Eduardo M. Laurente, CEO Gabriel Cabili industry Service economics Financial Services products Futures and options contracts on precious metals, base metals, energy, agriculture commodities, currencies. Manila Commodity Exchange MCX is a commodity and derivatives exchange located in Manila , The Philippines . MCX currently has 84 registered members throughout The Philippines. MCX provides a platform for trading of commodities , futures contracts and option finance option s contracts on various base metals , agriculture commodities, energy , and currencies . The monthly volume on all contracts is around 12.6 million. External links cite press release publisher Clubdoconline date 8 Mar 2011 title The Manila Commodity Exchange MCX today adopted new rules trans title url http www.clubdoconline.com news press release the manila commodity exchange mcx today adopted new rules accessdate archiveurl archivedate quote ref cite press release publisher Pressexposure date 9 Mar 2011 title Manila Commodity Exchange s Next Generation Trading Floor Goes Live trans title url http pressexposure.com Manila Commodity Exchanges Next Generation Trading Floor Goes Live 244407.html accessdate archiveurl archivedate quote ref Category Commodity exchanges ... more details
of all the commodity indexes. When one invests in the RICI, one knows what one will own a few years down the road in sharp contrast to the other commodity indexes which change significantly. Citation needed date September 2010 For each commodity, the most valid most actively traded from ...The Rogers International Commodity Index RICI is a broad index of Futures contract commodity futures designed by Jim Rogers in 1996 1997. The first fund tracking the index began on July 31, 1998. fact date March 2012 The index was designed to meet the need for consistent investing in commodities through a broad based international vehicle. The index tracks 38 ref http beelandinterests.com PDF RICI 20Hndbk Final 01.24.12.pdf The RICI Handbook ref commodity futures contracts from 13 international exchanges. The list of commodities is subject to change by the RICI Committee. In general, a commodity will be considered fit to be included in the index if it plays a significant role in worldwide developed and developing countries consumption. If one particular commodity is being traded on more than one international exchange, the most liquid contract globally, in terms of volume and open interest combined, is then selected for inclusion in the index. Liquidity is also used in determining weights in the Index. The index is divided into three sub indices, which reflect the three sub segments of the RICI RICI Agriculture, RICI Energy and RICI Metals. The sub indices contribution to main index from the beginning are Agriculture 34.90 , Energy 44.00 , Metals 21.10 according to the RICI Handbook see reference below . Calculation key points Calculation is being done in realtime and settlement values are being published daily. Each commodity is rebalanced on the start of each month towards initial ... Reflist Category Commodity price indices de Rogers International Commodity Index fr Rogers International Commodity Index fi Rogers International Commodity Index ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Ringo Starr and His Third All Starr Band Volume 1 Type Live album Artist Ringo Starr Cover Starrthirdband.jpg Released 12 August 1997 Recorded 27 June 1995 Genre Rock and roll Length 45 53 Label Blockbuster Inc. Blockbuster Producer Ringo Starr & David Fishof Last album 4 Starr Collection br 1995 This album Ringo Starr and His Third All Starr Band Volume 1 br 1997 Next album Vertical Man br 1998 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 4 5 ref Allmusic class album id r549245 pure url yes link ref rev2 rev2Score Ringo Starr and His Third All Starr Band Volume 1 was a limited edition live album by Ringo Starr , and his All Starr band, recorded at the Nippon Budokan , Tokyo , Japan . The album was released as a promotion by Blockbuster Inc. Blockbuster videos for only 5.99. The All Starr Band included the return of the keyboardist Billy Preston and Ringo s son Zak. A Volume 2 was never made. Track listing Don t Go Where the Road Don t Go Ringo Starr Starkey Warman Grainger 4 52 I Wanna Be Your Man Lennon McCartney 3 25 It Don t Come Easy Starkey 3 55 The Loco Motion Gerry Goffin Goffin Carole King King 3 24 Performed by Mark Farner . Nothin from Nothin Fisher Preston Puckett 3 33 Performed by Billy Preston . No Sugar Tonight New Mother Nature Cummings Bachman 4 32 Performed by Randy Bachman . People Got to Be Free Felix Cavaliere Cavaliere Eddie Brigati Brigati 4 53 Performed by Felix Cavaliere . Boris the Spider John Entwistle Entwistle 2 41 Performed by John Entwistle Boys Dixon Farrell song Boys Dixon Farrell 3 08 You Ain t Seen Nothing Yet Bachman 3 45 Performed by Randy Bachman . You re Sixteen Sherman Brothers Sherman Sherman 2 48 Yellow Submarine song Yellow Submarine Lennon McCartney 3 45 Personnel Ringo Starr ... All Starr Band fr Ringo Starr and His Third All Starr Band Volume 1 it Ringo Starr and His Third All Starr Band Volume 1 no Ringo Starr and His Third All Starr Band Volume 1 ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Volume 2 Live From Montreux Type live Artist Ringo Starr Cover RSASB2Cover.jpg Released 13 September 1993 Recorded 13 July 1992 Genre Rock and roll Length 65 11 Label Rykodisc Records Rykodisc Producer Ringo Starr Last album Time Takes Time br 1992 This album Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Volume 2 Live from Montreux br 1993 Next album 4 Starr Collection br 1995 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1Score Rating 3 5 ref Allmusic class album id r203708 pure url yes link ref rev2 rev2Score Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Volume 2 Live From Montreux is Ringo Starr s second official live album and was released in September 1993. ref Harry, Bill. The Ringo Starr Encyclopedia . London Virgin Books, 2004, ISBN 978 0 75 350843 5. ref Following up on 1990s Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band , this new collection highlighted a performance in Montreux in 1992 just following the release of Time Takes Time . Starr was once again supported by his All Starr Band, but this time the celebrity guests within was shuffled somewhat. Retained from his 1989 1990 inaugural jaunt were Joe Walsh and Nils Lofgren , while newcomers were Burton Cummings , Timothy B. Schmit , Dave Edmunds , Todd Rundgren , Tim Cappello on sax and Starr s own son, Zak Starkey on drums. While Starr performed new material from Time Takes Time , he mostly centered on his Beatles standards on this outing, namely Yellow Submarine , With A Little ... 1963 debut album, Please Please Me . The members of his All Starr Band also had solo moments throughout the live recording. Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Volume 2 Live From Montreux was released ... and His All Starr Band Volume 2 Live From Montreux it Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Volume 2 ... of the World Brian O Doherty, Fred Velez 4 11 Bang The Drum All Day Todd Rundgren 3 40 Performed ... pm262902.html Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Live From Montreux site Ringo Starr Category ... more details
Commodity Exchange Act ch. 545, USStat 49 1491 , enacted June 15, 1936 is a federal act passed in 1936 by the U.S. Government replacing the Grain Futures Act of 1922 . The Act provides federal regulation of all commodities and futures trading activities and requires all futures and commodity options to be traded on organized exchanges. In 1974, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission CFTC was created as a result of the Commodity Exchange Act, and in 1982 the National Futures Association NFA was created by CFTC. See also Grain Futures Act National Futures Association Commodity Futures Trading Commission Futures exchange Futures contract Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 External links http www.law.cornell.edu uscode 7 usc sup 01 7 10 1.html US Code Title 7 Chapter 1 Commodity Exchange Act Category United States federal financial legislation Category United States securities law Category History of the United States 1918 1945 Category Financial markets Category United States federal commodity and futures legislation Category 1936 in law ... more details
information for each exchange traded commodity. In 1939, CRB published its first Commodity Year Book. Priced at 10.00, this volume incorporated comprehensive statistical information on all of the exchange ... trading volume as well as trader interest in the Commodity Research Bureau. During the War, shortages ...cleanup date August 2009 wikify date August 2009 The Commodity Research Bureau CRB Founded in 1934 and currently ... in stocks, bonds, and commodity futures was beginning to show some life. Nevertheless, traders and those ... to them. At this time, Milton Jiler, a young reporter for the New York American, was covering commodity ... income. Gregarious by nature, Jiler soon became known among the exchanges commodity traders. He was quick to realize that unless one was actually on the floor of the exchanges, price and volume information ..., there was little if any price information available for commodity futures. Milton Jiler had ... parties on a timely basis. With that in mind he founded the Commodity Research Bureau, with the Futures ... analysis of the markets headed, The Outlook for Commodity Prices. This feature set the tone ... as catering to the uninformed speculator. The Commodity Research Bureau Futures Market Service became profitable within its first year of existence, allowing the company to pay all its early creditors ... slowdown and lower commodity prices. On May 14, 1945, the CRB predicted ...industrial activity ... any protracted price declines in the commodity level...Hence, we doubt whether commodity prices ... reconstruction period because production will not be fully geared to meet all demands. Once production ... its peacetime footing, the first post war edition of the Commodity Year Book was published in 1947 ... a feature of the Commodity Year Book, so it was fitting that the staff publish these charts on a more frequent basis. On March 2, 1956, the inaugural issue of Commodity Chart Service was published. Bill ... of the chartists on the staff of the Commodity Research Bureau. They are not based on any ... more details
Infobox journal title Volume cover File Volume logo.jpg 200px editor G r me Guibert discipline Musicology Popular music studies formernames Copyright Volume language French, English abbreviation Volume publisher ditions M lanie Seteun country France frequency Biannually history 2002 present openaccess After 2 years license impact impact year website http www.cairn.info revue volume.htm link1 link1 name link2 link2 name JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 1634 5495 eISSN Volume subtitled in French La revue ... in 2002 as Copyright Volume and obtained its current shorter title in 2009. History Volume was established in 2002 under the title Copyright Volume by G r me Guibert, Marie Pierre Bonniol and Samuel ... Volume , created in 2002, which knew how to keep up with popular music s various trends . ref ... trangers peu ou mal connus en France. footnote On pense notamment la revue Volume dont le premier ... ditions 15 45. . ref Special issues File Volume La revue des musiques populaires 8 1 Peut on parler de musique noire.jpg left thumb Volume n 8 1 Peut on parler de musique noire ? What is it we call Black ... et les metissages.htm Interview with Yves Raibaud , who co organized, with the members of Volume ... ref Cf. http calenda.revues.org nouvelle20067.html here . ref . Volume publishes a varia section ... Volume is published with the support of the French National Book Center Centre National du Livre . ref ... inshs recherche docs soutien revues2010.pdf this one for 2010 Volume is credited under its former title Copyright Volume . ref Online access Since November 2011, Volume is included in the French ... December 2011 in the Belgian portal, Cairn.info. All issues are available online free online viewing ...? Volume n 5 2 , Bordeaux, ditions M lanie Seteun 199 204. C cile Pr vost Thomas 2010 , Note de synth se ... Volume on Cairn.info . http volume.revues.org ?lang en Volume on Revues.org Category Music journals ... established in 2002 Category Delayed open access journals fr Volume ... more details
via multi commodity flow formulas. Solutions The problem of producing an integer flow satisfying all ...The multi commodity flow problem is a network flow problem with multiple commodities flow demands between different source and sink nodes. Definition Given a flow network math ,G V,E math , where edge math u,v in E math has capacity math ,c u,v math . There are math ,k math commodities math K 1,K 2, dots,K k math , defined by math ,K i s i,t i,d i math , where math ,s i math and math ,t i math is the source and sink of commodity math ,i math , and math ,d i math is the demand. The flow of commodity math ,i math along edge math , u,v math is math ,f i u,v math . Find an assignment of flow which satisfies the constraints Capacity constraints math , sum i 1 k f i u,v leq c u,v math Flow conservation math , sum w in V f i u,w 0 quad mathrm when quad u neq s i, t i math math , forall v, u, , f i u,v f i v,u math Demand satisfaction math , sum w in V f i s i,w sum w in V f i w,t i d i math In the minimum cost multi commodity flow problem , there is a cost math a u,v cdot f u,v math for sending flow on math , u,v math . You then need to minimise math sum u,v in E left a u,v sum i 1 k f i u,v right math In the maximum multi commodity flow problem , there are no hard demands on each commodity, but the total throughput is maximised math sum i 1 k sum w in V f i s i,w math In the maximum concurrent flow problem , the task is to maximise the minimal fraction of the flow of each commodity to its demand math min 1 leq i leq k frac sum w in V f i s i,w d i math Relation to other problems The minimum cost variant is a generalisation of the minimum cost flow problem . Variants of the circulation problem are generalisations of all flow problems. Usage Routing Wavelength Assignment RWA RWA Routing ... Journal on Computing volume 5 pages 691 703 url http link.aip.org link ?SMJ 5 691 1 doi 10.1137 0205048 ... Mcf References references DEFAULTSORT Multi Commodity Flow Problem Category Network flow zh ... more details
Infobox company name United States Commodity Funds LLC logo caption type Private, employee owned genre ... homepage URL www.unitedstatescommodityfunds.com footnotes intl United States Commodity Funds LLC USCF is a US company based in Alameda, CA, specializing in managing exchange traded commodity funds, which are often referred to as commodity based exchange traded fund s ETFs . sup 1 sup USCF was one of the earliest issuers of exchange traded commodity funds in the United States. It is best known for launching in 2006 the first crude oil based exchange traded commodity fund in the United States ... traded commodity fund, United States Natural Gas Fund, LP ticker UNG sup 2 sup . USO and UNG are two ... different exchange traded commodity funds with total assets of 4.8 billion sup 4 sup . History United States Commodity Funds LLC is an issuer of exchange traded commodity funds. It was founded in 2005 ... commodity ETF based on crude oil launched in the United States. USO was the fourth commodity ... Trust ticker IAU , and the Powershares DB Commodity Index Fund ticker DBC sup 5 sup . USO is the largest ... actively traded natural gas commodity ETF in the United States. USCF also launched the first gasoline based commodity ETF, United States Gasoline Fund, LP ticker UGA , and the first heating oil based commodity ETF, the United States Heating Oil Fund, LP, both in 2008. In 2010, USCF launched the first commodity ETF in the United States that invested in Brent crude oil, although previously a Brent crude oil based commodity ETF had been launched in London sup 7 sup . In 2010, USCF launched its first non energy specific commodity ETF, United States Commodity Index Fund ticker USCI , which holds a diversified basket of commodity futures based on the SummerHaven Dynamic Commodity Index SDCI . The SDCI is the first broadly diversified commodity index whose commodity weightings are not fixed, but which instead are adjusted to reflect market conditions sup 8 sup . USCF s commodity exchange traded ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date October 2009 Commodity form theory is a theory of jurisprudence advanced by the Soviet Union Soviet legal theorist Evgeny Pashukanis . The theory argues that the legal form is the parallel of the commodity form under capitalism capitalist society. All law is concerned with the process of the exchanging of commodities between subjects who act as the guardians of commodities and are created by law in order to enable the commodity production form of society to function. The theory can be explained as based on two premises, logical and historical. The logical ... passing between buyers and sellers. Contract is both logically the central legal premise on which all other aspects of law are based, and also the highest form of expression of the commodity owning subject. This is because it is the relations of contract that are crucial for commodity production society since the contract is the necessary legal expression of commodity owners ability to use their commodities in the market. For Pashukanis, all other forms of legal relations in capitalism flow from this. The historical premise The commodity form of exchange historically precedes the legal system which emerges from it. But it is not merely that the commodity form produces the legal form it is that the commodity form exists prior to the legal form and that only with the full development of the commodity form is there the possibility of a fully developed abstract legal form at all. Fetishism Commodity form theory is related to Marx s theory of commodity fetishism . Marx argued that the commodity was a fetishized form because the formal equality that the commodity form postulated was only an apparent equality. The legal form is blind to substantive human differences, just as the commodity form is blind to substantive differences in use value. Ultimately, the legal form, just as the commodity ... as the universal political equivalent has a life of its own. DEFAULTSORT Commodity Form Theory Category ... more details
pool among all Chinese Commodity Futures Exchanges. According to the Futures Industry Association , the bourse has been the largest mainland futures exchange by volume for eight years, half the domestic ...Infobox Company company name Dalian Commodity Exchange br company type Non profit institution ... 1993 as Dalian Commodity Exchange location Dalian , People s Republic of China China key people Liu ... www.dce.com.cn portal en index.jsp www.dce.com.cn The Dalian Commodity Exchange DCE zh s t ... , self regulating and membership legal entity established on February 28, 1993. Dalian Commodity ... Nymex WTI Crude in the global commodity rankings. According to the Futures Industry Association, DCE ... of Chinese futures, 1990 2005 retrieved on December 25, 2007. ref In 2007, total trading volume and turnover ... of commodity futures funds in an attempt to draw more institutional investors balance into the country s burgeoning futures market. Currently Only 5 percent of investors in China s commodity futures markets are commodity producers and consumers, while the remaining 95 percent are private ... intensify its efforts in following areas a more efficient new commodity futures approval mechanism ... option and commodity index futures products to promote the integration of commodities and financial products. History Dalian Commodity Exchange DCE was established on February 28, 1993. Since ... correlation, transparency and liquidity. In the first few years after the introduction of commodity markets, new exchanges opened with wild abandon, and speculative volume ballooned. Soon a directive ... Metal Exchange , Dalian Commodity Exchange, Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange . The number of futures .... ref Introduction of the Dalian Commodity Exchange, written in 2004 http www.cattlenetwork.com content.asp ..., Dalian s soybean futures volume quickly became the second largest in the world. A cointegration relationship exists for Dalian Commodity Exchange and Chicago Board of Trade CBOT soybean futures prices ... more details
s. This cup measures volume in units of Cup unit cups , fluid ounce s, and millilitre s. Volume is the quantity ... www.yourdictionary.com volume title Your Dictionary entry for volume accessdate 2010 05 01 ref Volume is often quantified numerically using the SI derived unit , the cubic metre . The volume of a container ... are assigned zero volume in the three dimensional space. The volume of a solid whether regularly ... can also be used to determine the volume of a gas. The combined volume of two substances is usually greater than the volume of one of the substances. However, sometimes one substance dissolves in the other and the combined volume is not additive function additive . ref One litre of sugar about 970 grams can dissolve in 0.6 litres of hot water, producing a total volume of less than one litre ... geometry , volume is expressed by means of the volume form , and is an important global Riemannian geometry Riemannian Invariant mathematics invariant . In thermodynamics , volume is a gas volume ... . Units File Volume measurements from The New Student s Reference Work.svg thumb 220px Volume measurements ... 3785 ml 4405 ml Any unit of length gives a corresponding unit of volume, namely the volume of a cube whose side has the given length. For example, a cubic centimetre cm sup 3 sup would be the volume ... SI , the standard unit of volume is the cubic metre m sup 3 sup . The metric system also includes the litre L as a unit of volume, where one litre is the volume of a 10 centimetre cube. Thus 1 litre 10 ... other traditional units of volume are also in use, including the cubic inch , the cubic foot , the cubic mile , the teaspoon , the tablespoon , the fluid ounce , the fluid dram , the gill volume ... unit cord , the peck , the bushel , and the hogshead . Related terms Volume and capacity are sometimes ... commonly in litre s or its derived units , and volume being how much space an object displaces commonly measured in cubic metres or its derived units . Volume and capacity are also distinguished in capacity ... more details
The Thomson Reuters Equal Weight Continuous Commodity Index is recognized as a major barometer of commodity prices. The index comprises 17 commodity futures that are continuously rebalanced Cocoa bean Cocoa , Coffee C , Copper , Corn , Cotton , Crude Oil , Gold , Heating oil Heating Oil , Live Cattle , Live Domestic pig Hogs , Natural Gas , Orange Juice , Platinum , Silver , Soybeans , Sugarcane Sugar No. 11 , and Wheat . The index trades on the IntercontinentalExchange ICE Futures Exchange . History The CCI stems from the original CRB Index , created in 1957. It is a snapshot of the index at its 9th revision in 1995, before it underwent weighting and rebalance changes in the 10th revision. It is sometimes referred to as the Old CRB . The 17 components of the CCI are continuously rebalanced to maintain the equal weight of 5.88 . Since CCI components are equally weighted, they therefore distribute evenly into the major sectors Energy 17.65 , Metals 23.53 , Softs 29.41 and Agriculture 29.41 . While other commodity indices may overweight in certain sectors e.g. Energy , the CCI provides exposure to all four commodity subgroups. The Thomson Reuters Equal Weight Continuous Commodity Index is published Real Time and is widely disseminated to subscribers including traders, analysts, consultants and media outlets. It is licensed for the creation of over the counter products by Thomson Reuters . Greenhaven Funds developed a fund that tracks the CCI, called the Greenhaven Continuous Commodity Index Fund GCC . Footnotes reflist External links http financial.thomsonreuters.com indices Thomson Reuters Indices http greenhavenfunds.com index.asp Greenhaven Funds See also Thomson Reuters Indices Commodity price index Category Commodity price indices de Continuous Commodity Index ... more details
Commodity trading in China has a short but high growth history. With an increasing financial product product variety and deepening liquidity pools, the mainland s futures market is playing an increasingly important role in serving the Economy of the People s Republic of China national economy . At present, the commodities markets in China are still in a development stage, with only a few exchanges in China trading in a small group of commodities. In the next few years, the Chinese government will gradually allow more commodities products to be traded in China along with various related Derivative finance derivatives . Size The combined turnover of the nation s three commodity futures exchanges totaled 40.97 trillion yuan in 2007, up 95 from the year before. The aggregate trading volume of these exchanges ... for commodity futures as Hedge finance hedging tools has been on the rise as the Chinese economy ... their product ranges, the nation s three Category Commodity exchanges in China commodity ... its futures market. China s commodity futures markets have expanded product ranges and deepened .... With increasing volatility in global commodity markets and prices, companies have been expanding their agricultural product, precious base metal, fuel oil and other commodity related investments in China. Exchanges There are three commodity exchanges in China after the merger of 50 exchanges into 14 ... is working to the launch. See also Commodity trading in India China National Commodity Exchange Center Commodity Trading Market of China Commodities exchange Commodity market References Reflist http ... 00000040 00000004 art00003 The Development of Commodity Exchanges in the Former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and China Australian Economic Papers, Volume 40, Number 4, December 2001 , pp. 437 460 ... analysis dec.html A Glance at China s Commodity Trade 1998 http www.numa.com ref exchange.htm ... and rise of Chinese futures, 1990 2005 Commodity exchanges in China Category Commodity exchanges ... more details
nofootnotes date January 2009 primarysources date January 2009 The Tokyo Commodity Exchange TOCOM is a non profit organization, and regulates trading of futures contract s and option finance option products of allcommodity commodities in Japan . The Tokyo Gold Exchange, the Tokyo Rubber Exchange, and the Tokyo Textile Exchange merged in 1984 to form TOCOM. Traded contracts are Futures contract Futures Metals Gold Silver Platinum Aluminum Palladium Oil Crude oil Kerosene Gasoline Rubber Option finance Option Metals Gold See also List of futures exchanges External links http www.tocom.or.jp index.html TOCOM Official Website Category Commodity exchanges Japan company stub Nonprofit org stub ja ru ... more details
goal of a commodity standard is to stabilize the cost of living trying to stabilize all prices is likely ... government . Not long ago, America s monetary system was built on a commodity standard , where ... were set relative to the value of gold. Problems of a commodity Standard Economists have noted various problems and benefits associated with a commodity standard. A potential problem arises when the price of the anchor good or goods regularly fluctuates. Since the prices of all other goods ... of the anchor good. Take for example an economy operating under a commodity standard where gasoline ... under a commodity standard would indeed have less inflation than under a fiat currency system. The reason for this is that the commodity content of the dollar can be redefined by the government at any ... price of the commodity base s . Such an act would have the same effect as increasing the amount ..., and 19 cents worth of plywood all prices are in 1967 values . In his proposal, Hall states his position against the idea of a government holding reserves under any type of a commodity standard. He argues that by allowing the government to manipulate the market, the anti inflationary purpose of the commodity ... commodity, it would certainly not choose plywood because of the size compared to gold, which has relatively concentrated wealth and potential deterioration. Hall argues that any commodity can serve ... of living should be chosen as the base. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Ancap Commodity Standard Category ... more details
Commodity Pathway Diversion A commodity pathway diversion is the ability of an object to move in and out of the commodity state over the course of its use life. Diversions can occur when an object is removed from its commodity pathway for its protection and preservation, or when a previously removed object is commoditized through reentry into the commodity pathway after having gained value through its absence. It is important to note that diversion is an integrated part of the commodity pathway. Commodity Flow According to anthropologist Arjun Appadurai , the flow of commodities in any given ..., have social lives 1986 3 and, to appropriately understand the human ascribed value of a commodity, one must analyze things in motion commodity pathways the entire life cycle of an object, including its form, use, and trajectory as a commodity. The reason for this kind of analysis, Appadurai suggests, is that a commodity is not a thing, rather it is one phase in the full life of the thing 1986 17 . Commodity Situation At the heart of Appadurai s argument is the idea that commodities are things ... is considered a commodity. Appadurai defines a commodity situation as the situation in which an object s exchangeability for some other thing is a socially relevant feature 1983 13 . Commodity Pathways ... of commodity pathways and diversions. Both scholars advocate analyzing the entire trajectory or social life of a commodity to understand its full value. In her article The Spatiotemporal ... into other objects 1977 39 . Here she helps lay the foundation of commodity pathway analysis ... 1983 279 , suggesting that diversion is an integral part of the commodity pathway because it is a means ... rather than as an all or none state of being 1986 73 . He conceptualizes commoditization as a process .... Moreover, the same thing may be treated as a commodity at one time and not at another. And finally, the same thing may, at the same time, be seen as a commodity by one person and something else by another ... more details
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