An allelespecificoligonucleotide ASO is a short piece of synthetic DNA complementary to the sequence of a variable target DNA. It acts as a Hybridization probe probe for the presence of the target in a Southern blot assay or, more commonly, in the simpler Dot blot assay. It is a common tool used in genetic testing , forensics , and Molecular Biology research. An ASO is typically an oligonucleotide of 15 21 nucleotide nucleotide bases in length. It is designed and used in a way that makes it specific for only one version, or allele , of the DNA being tested. The length of the ASO, which strand ... RB Discrimination among the human beta A, beta S, and beta C globin genes using allelespecificoligonucleotide ... globin and HLA DQ DNA with allelespecificoligonucleotide probes Nature vol. 324 6093 pp. 163 166 ... biology scarr ASO test for CF2.html Image of ASO autoradiogram DEFAULTSORT AlleleSpecificOligonucleotide ... to detect polymorphisms, as Variants of PCR allelespecific PCR . However, the simplicity and versatility ... to detect one base pair difference cytosine versus thymine to measure methylation at a specific ... allele leading to weaker interaction . The first diagram shows how the S probe is fully complementary ... A allele, while samples 3 and 5 have both the A and S alleles and are therefore Zygosity Heterozygous heterozygous Genetic carrier carriers of this Dominance relationship Recessive allele recessive mutation . Samples 2 and 6 have only the S allele, and would be affected by the disease. The small amount ... Enzyme . The RFLP assay was briefly adapted to the use of oligonucleotide Oligomer restriction ... oligonucleotides as specific probes for genetic sequence variations was pioneered by R. Bruce Wallace ... cell beta S globin allele by hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA ... name Studencki Fortunately PCR, a method to greatly amplify a specific segment of DNA, was also reported ... sequences. The combination was specific enough that it could be used in a simple Dot blot , avoiding ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 Methylation specificoligonucleotide microarray was developed as a technique to map methylation changes in DNA in cancer . This technique was developed by Professor Tim Hui Ming Huang and was published in journal Genome Research on 2002 Gitan et al., 2002 . The method utilizes bisulfite modified DNA that is used as templates for PCR amplification , which is subsequently hybridized to oligonucleotide microarray. External links Commons Methylation specificoligonucleotide microarray http www.epigeneticstation.com Resources, information and specific protocols for DNA Methylation Analysis Category Cancer research Category Microarrays genetics stub medicine stub ... more details
An oligonucleotide from Greek Language Greek prefix oligo , having few, having little is a short nucleic acid polymer , typically with fifty or fewer nucleotide bases . Although they can be formed by bond cleavage of longer segments, they are now more commonly oligonucleotide synthesis synthesized , in a sequence specific manner, from individual Nucleoside phosphoramidite nucleoside phosphoramidites . Automated synthesizers allow the synthesis of oligonucleotides up to about 200 bases. Oligonucleotides are characterized by the Nucleic acid sequence sequence of nucleotide residues that comprise the entire molecule. The length of the oligonucleotide is usually denoted by Monomer mer from Greek Language Greek meros , part . For example, a fragment of 25 bases would be called a 25 mer. Oligonucleotides readily bind, in a sequence specific manner, to their respective Complementarity molecular biology complementary oligonucleotides, DNA, or RNA to form Nucleic acid thermodynamics Concepts duplexes or, less often, hybrids of a higher order. This basic property serves as a foundation for the use of oligonucleotides as Hybridization probe probes for detecting DNA or RNA. Examples of procedures that use oligonucleotides include DNA microarray s, Southern blot s, Allelespecificoligonucleotide ASO analysis , fluorescent in situ hybridization FISH , and the synthesis of artificial genes. Oligonucleotides are also indispensable elements in antisense gene therapy. Oligonucleotides composed ... of DNA. There, the oligonucleotide is referred to as a Primer molecular biology primer , allowing DNA polymerase to extend the oligonucleotide and replicate the complementary strand. Synthesis Main oligonucleotide ... compounds. The oligonucleotide chain assembly proceeds in the direction from 3 to 5 terminus .... Antisense DNA can be used to target a specific, complementary coding or non coding RNA non coding RNA ... gl Oligonucle tido id Oligonukleotida it Oligonucleotide lt Oligonukleotidas ja ... more details
metal band Allele band An allele IPAc en icon uk l i l or IPAc en us l i l is one ... one copy of each gene and therefore one allele on each chromosome. If both alleles are the same, they are homozygote ... with two different A alleles. The word allele is a short form of allelomorph other form , which was used ... the heterozygote is indistinguishable from one of the homozygotes, the allele involved is said to be Dominance ... by Quantitative trait locus polygenic inheritance . The term wild type allele is sometimes used to describe an allele that is thought to contribute to the typical phenotypic character as seen in wild populations of organisms, such as fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster . Such a wild type allele ... for the wild type allele at most gene loci, and that any alternative mutant allele was found ... frequently in heterozygous form in Genetic carrier carriers for the mutant allele. It is now appreciated ... of alleles that do not produce obvious phenotypic differences. Allele and genotype frequencies The frequency ... math p 2 2pq q 2 1 , math where p is the frequency of one allele and q is the frequency of the alternative allele, which necessarily sum to unity. Then, p sup 2 sup is the fraction of the population homozygous for the first allele, 2 pq is the fraction of heterozygotes, and q sup 2 sup is the fraction homozygous for the alternative allele. If the first allele is dominant to the second, then the fraction ... disease , occur when an individual inherits only one dominant allele. See also Portal ... alfred.med.yale.edu alfred index.asp ALFRED The ALlele FREquency Database http www.ehstrafd.org EHSTRAFD.org Earth Human STR Allele Frequencies Database Category Classical genetics Category Genetic genealogy ... es Alelo eu Alelo fa fr All le gl Alelo ko id Alel ia Allele is Genasams ta it Allele he jv Alel kk ht Al l ku Allel lv Al le lt Aleliniai genai hu All l mk nl Allel ja no Allel nds Allel pl Allel pt Alelo ro Alel ru scn Alleli simple Allele sk ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A null allele is a mutant allele copy of a gene that completely lacks that gene s normal function. This can be the result of the complete absence of the gene product protein, RNA at the molecular level, or the expression of a non functional gene product. At the phenotype phenotypic level, a null allele is indistinguishable from a deletion of the entire locus genetics locus . A mutant allele that produces no protein is called a protein null shown by Western blot western analysis , and one that produces no RNA is called an RNA null shown by Northern blot Northern analysis or by DNA sequencing of a deletion allele . A genetic null or Muller s morphs amorph ic allele has the same phenotype when homozygous as when heterozygous with a deficiency that disrupts the locus in question. A genetic null allele can be a protein and RNA null, but can also express normal levels of a gene product that is non functional due to mutation. Another definition of null allele concerning molecular markers, refers to such a marker in the case it can no longer be detected because of a mutation. For example, Microsatellite genetics microsatellite s i.e. a repetitive sequence of DNA ... chain reaction PCR . To do so, a Primer molecular biology primer or oligonucleotide aligns with either ... be used and the allele is turned into a null allele. One example of a null allele is the O blood type allele in the human A, B and O blood types blood type system . The alleles for the A antigen ... if both are present. The allele for O blood type, however, is a mutated version of the allele ... allele is enzymatically inactive and therefore the O allele is expressed phenotypically in Zygosity homozygous OO individuals as the lack of any blood antigen. Thus we may consider the allele for the O blood type as a null allele. See also Muller s morphs amorph Genetic deletion RecLOH Unique event polymorphism DEFAULTSORT Null Allele Category Classical genetics de Nullallel es Alelo nulo ... more details
Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical synthesis of relatively short fragments of nucleic acid s with defined ... oligonucleotide synthesis is carried out in the opposite, 3 to 5 direction. Currently, the process ... the desired oligonucleotide, the building blocks are sequentially coupled to the growing oligonucleotide ... to about 200 nucleotide residues because the number of errors accumulates with the length of the oligonucleotide ... s. History The evolution of oligonucleotide synthesis saw four major methods of the formation of internucleosidic ..., Baron Todd Alexander Todd s group pioneered H phosphonate and phosphate triester methods of oligonucleotide ... Scheme. 2. Synthetic cycle in H phosphonate method of oligonucleotide synthesis. X O, S Thirty years ... X S . Phosphodiester synthesis File phosphodiester method.png thumb 300px Scheme. 3 Oligonucleotide ... brown Phosphotriester synthesis File phosphotriester method.png thumb 300px Scheme 4. Oligonucleotide ... led to the automation of the oligonucleotide chain assembly. Phosphite triester synthesis ... Protecting group Me methyl group led to the nucleoside phosphoramidites currently used in oligonucleotide ... of the oligonucleotide chain assembly, all the protecting groups are removed to yield the desired ... soluble in acetonitrile , the solvent commonly used in oligonucleotide synthesis. In contrast ... steps in the synthetic cycle, the oligonucleotide chain assembly may be carried out using dA and dC ... protected over the entire length of the oligonucleotide chain assembly. The protection of the exocyclic .... ref name sinha Once a phosphoramidite has been coupled to the solid support bound oligonucleotide ... bound oligonucleotide see Step 2 Coupling below . Non nucleoside phosphoramidites File Nonnucleoside ... of oligonucleotides by phosphoramidite method. Oligonucleotide synthesis is carried out ... support bound oligonucleotide precursor bearing a free 5 terminal hydroxyl group. It is worth ... of acids leads to depurination of solid support bound oligonucleotide and thus reduces the yield ... more details
A fixed allele is an allele that is the only variant that exists for that gene in all the population . A fixed allele is homozygous for all members of the population. ref http www.biochem.northwestern.edu holmgren Glossary Definitions Def F fixed allele.html ref The term allele normally refers to one variant gene out of several possible for a particular locus genetics locus in the DNA. When all but one allele go extinct and only one remains, that allele is said to be fixed. References references genetics stub Category Genetics ... more details
Allele frequency or Gene frequency is the proportion of all copies of a gene that is made up of a particular gene variant allele . In other words, it is the number of copies of a particular allele divided ... . It can be expressed for example as a percentage . In population genetics , allele frequencies are used ... species, which contain two sets of chromosomes different alleles of the gene exist one allele exists in a copies then the allele frequency is the fraction or percentage of all the occurrences of that locus that is occupied by a given allele and the frequency of one of the alleles is a n N . For example, if the frequency of an allele is 20 in a given population, then among population members, one in five chromosomes will carry that allele. Four out of five will be occupied by other variant s of the gene. Note that for diploid genes the fraction of individuals that carry this allele may be nearly two in five 36 . The reason for this is that if the allele distributes random ly, then the binomial theorem will apply 32 of the population will be heterozygous for the allele i.e. carry one copy of that allele and one copy of another in each somatic cell and 4 will be homozygous carrying two copies of the allele . Together, this means that 36 of diploid individuals would be expected to carry an allele that has a frequency of 20 . However, alleles distribute randomly only under certain assumptions ... gene often are graphed together as an allele frequency distribution histogram , or allele frequency ... include genetic drift , mutation and migration. Calculation of allele frequencies from genotype frequencies ... at a locus genetics locus with two alleles, then the frequency p of the A allele and the frequency q of the a allele are obtained by counting alleles. Because each homozygote AA consists only ... frequency of A math Similarly, the frequency q of the a allele is given by math q f mathbf aa frac ... different allelic forms, the frequency for each allele is simply the frequency of its homozygote plus ... more details
WikiProject Musicians name Allele image caption image size 220 background group or band alias origin ... Allele pronounced Uh Leel is an United States American alternative metal band from Jacksonville ... Winterrowd drums . The band is currently signed to Goomba Music. To date, Allele has released two studio albums, Point of Origin Allele album Point of Origin in 2005 and Next to Parallel in 2011. History Allele was formed in 2002 by Wally Wood singer Wally Wood and ex Otep guitarist Lane Maverick ... on their debut Long Play LP titled Point of Origin Allele album Point of Origin , with producer ... the Sky . Allele describes their sound as hard rock with a new feel and Point of Origin has been received ... Revolution featuring ex Unloco frontman Joey Duenas . Allele has been voted 5 Best Newcomer ... and the Red Death. On June 29, 2006, it was revealed via Allele s MySpace blog that vocalist Wally ... 54441 BLABBERMOUTH.NET ALLELE Part Ways With Singer, Announce Replacement June 30, 2006 ref Allele would spend the rest of the fall touring with 10 Years band 10 Years and Evans Blue . ref ... ALLELE To Tour With 10 YEARS, EVANS BLUE Aug. 8, 2006 ref ref http www.roadrunnerrecords.com blabbermouth.net news.aspx?mode Article&newsitemID 56659 BLABBERMOUTH.NET ALLELE Announces More Tour Dates With 10 YEARS, EVANS BLUE Aug. 17, 2006 ref Allele s track Stitches song Stitches was featured ... 52356 BLABBERMOUTH.NET ALLELE Music Featured In TNT s Nightmares & Dreamscapes May 16, 2006 ref ... by a close friend of the band that Allele had broken up. This has since been confirmed by the moderator .... Frontman Wally Wood of the Jacksonville, Florida based hard rockers Allele has issued the following ... read a couple of hundred pages of inquiries in our inbox regarding the next step for Allele. Well ... Point of Origin Allele album Point of Origin . Songs performed included Immune Stitches A Different ... 4, 2009, Allele streamed a preview of their upcoming new album. ref http tunelab.com 2009 09 ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 orphan date November 2009 An Allele chart more commonly called a grid chart is a type of chart that shows the interaction of two data points at the grid intersection of their respective axes. The most common example of such a chart is from the multiplication table chart taught in many United States elementary schools , though the actual origins of this type of chart stem from genetics . Category Charts Genetics stub ... more details
notability Music date March 2010 unreferenced date March 2010 This is a discography of the United States American alternative metal band Allele band Allele . Includes two studio albums and three singles. Albums Studio albums class wikitable align center Album information align left Point of Origin Allele album Point of Origin Released October 25, 2005 small U.S. small Label Corporate Punishment Records Corporate Punishment US Sales 178,000 Singles Closer to Habit, Stitches align left Next to Parallel Released September 27, 2011 small U.S. small Label Goomba Music Singles Let it Go Singles class wikitable rowspan 2 Year rowspan 2 Title colspan 2 Peak chart positions rowspan 2 Album style width 3em font size 75 Hot Modern Rock Tracks U.S. br Mod br style width 3em font size 75 Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks U.S. br Main br valign top 2005 align left valign top Closer to Habit align center valign top align center valign top rowspan 2 Point of Origin valign top rowspan 1 2006 align left valign top Stitches align center valign top align center valign top valign top rowspan 1 2011 align left valign top Let It Go align center valign top align center valign top rowspan 1 Next to Parallel align center colspan 20 style font size 8pt denotes a release that did not chart. Music videos class wikitable Year Title Director s rowspan 1 2005 Closer to Habit Don Tylor rowspan 1 2011 Let it Go Song appearances in media and soundtracks In 2006, Allele contributed Stitches to the THQ video game WWE Smackdown vs Raw 2007 and was featured in trailers and promos for TNT TV channel TNT s Stephen King anthology series, Nightmares & Dreamscapes . External links http www.alleleonline.com www.alleleonline.com Allele DEFAULTSORT Allele Discography Category Discographies of American artists Category Heavy metal groups discographies ... more details
wiktionarypar specific specifics Specific may refer to Specificity disambiguation Specific, a cure or therapy for a specific illness Law Specific deterrence , focussed on an individual Specific finding , intermediate verdict used by a jury in determining the final verdict Specific jurisdiction over an out of state party, specific to cases that have a substantial connection to the party s in state activity. Order of specific performance , court order to perform a specific act Economics, finance, and accounting ... other purpose Specific Identification , summing purchase costs of all inventory items Specific rate duty , duty paid at a specific amount per unit Specific risk , risk that affects a very small number ..., presumably evolutionarily specified, learning devices Specific developmental disorder Specific learning disability Specific phobia , phobia of a specific thing or situation Specific social phobia , triggered only by specific social situations Biology Specific appetite , drive to eat foods with specific flavors or other characteristics Specific enzyme activity , activity per milligram of total protein Specific granule , secretory vesicle in granulocytes Specific growth rate , increase in cell mass per unit cell mass per unit time Specific immunity , to a particular pathogen Specific leaf area , leaf area to dry mass Specific name botany , species name of a plant Specific name zoology , species name of an animal Specific Pathogen Free , of a laboratory animal guaranteed free of particular pathogens Physics and engineering Specific generally means per unit of something often ..., it is usually placed before specific in the term i.e., thrust specific fuel consumption . Named and unnamed divisor quantities are given for the terms below. Per unit of mass short form of mass specificSpecific activity Specific energy Specific internal energy Specific kinetic energy Specific enthalpy Specific force Specific heat capacity , heat capacity per unit mass, unless another unit is named ... more details
Expert subject Genetics date February 2009 Image ROMA.jpg right 270px thumb ROMA. Representational oligonucleotide microarray analysis ROMA is a technique that was developed by Michael Wigler and Rob Lucito at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory CSHL in 2003. Fact date July 2008 Wigler and Lucito currently run laboratories at CSHL using ROMA to explore genomic copy number variation in cancer and other genetic diseases. In this technique, two genome s are compared for their differences in copy number on a microarray. The ROMA technology emerged from a previous method called Representational Difference Analysis RDA . ROMA, in comparison to other comparative genomic hybridization CGH techniques, has the advantage of reducing the complexity of a genome with a restriction enzyme which highly increases the efficiency of genomic fragment hybridization to a microarray. In ROMA, a genome is digested with a restriction enzyme, ligated with adapters specific to the restriction fragment sticky ends and amplified by PCR. After the PCR step, representations of the entire genome restriction fragments are amplified to pronounce relative increases, decreases or preserve equal copy number in the two genomes. The representations of the two different genomes are labeled with different fluorophores and co hybridized to a microarray with probes specific to locations across the entire human genome. After analysis of the ROMA microarray image is completed, a copy number profile of the entire human genome is generated. This allows researchers to detect with high accuracy amplifications amplicons and deletions that occur across the entire genome. In cancer, the genome becomes very unstable, resulting in specific regions that may be deleted if they contain a tumor suppressor or amplified if they contain an oncogene . Amplifications and deletions have also been observed in the normal human population ..., R. et al. 2003 Representational oligonucleotide microarray analysis a high resolution method to detect ... more details
Notability date December 2009 Short Oligonucleotide Analysis Package SOAP is a bioinformatics package used for the assembly and analysis of DNA sequences. SOAP is particularly well suited for Illumina company Illumina next generation sequences. There are 5 members in this package SOAPaligner A new alignment tool from SOAP v1. SOAPdenovo A short reads do novo assembler. SOAPsnp An accurate consensus sequence builder. SOAPsv A structural variation scanner. SOAPindel A tool to find insertion and deletion specially for re sequence technology. All programs in the SOAP package may be used free of charge. SOAPdenovo, a program in the SOAP package, was used to assemble the Panda genome entirely from short Illumina next generation sequences http www.nature.com nature journal v463 n7279 full nature08696.html . SOAP v1 SOAP v1 is the previous version of SOAPaligner, and it is only a sequence alignment tool while SOAP SOAP v2 is a program package that contains 5 members as above . See also genomics genome sequencing genome assembly bioinformatics External links http soap.genomics.org.cn http soap.genomics.org.cn soap1 http bioinformatics.genomics.org.cn http seqanswers.com forums showthread.php?t 43 References http bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org cgi content abstract btp336 SOAP2 an improved ultrafast tool for short read alignment http www.nature.com nature journal v463 n7279 full nature08696.html The sequence and de novo assembly of the giant panda genome Category Bioinformatics Category Bioinformatics software ... more details
Minor allele frequency MAF refers to the frequency at which the less common allele occurs in a given population. SNPs with a minor allele frequency of 5 or greater were targeted by the HapMap project. MAF is widely employed in Genome wide association study Genome Wide Association studies for complex traits. Category Classical genetics genetics stub ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Point of Origin Type studio Artist Allele band Allele Cover Point of origin.jpg Released October 25, 2005 Recorded Spider Studios in Cleveland Genre Alternative metal , hard rock Length 35 45 Label Corporate Punishment Records Corporate Punishment Producer Ben Schigel Last album This album Point of Origin br 2005 Next album Next to Parallel br 2011 Misc Singles Name Point of Origin Type studio single 1 Closer to Habit single 1 date November 11, 2005 single 2 Stitches single 2 date March 22, 2006 single 3 single 4 single 5 Album ratings rev1 Just Press Play rev1score Rating 9 10 ref http www.justpressplay.net music reviews 38 reviews 1032 allele.html Just Press Play review ref rev2 Outburn rev2score Rating 8 10 ref http www.corporatepunishment.com ... music album reviews 855 Allele 96 Point Of Origin Review.htm 411Mania review ref rev4 Rock Is Life rev4score ... Shakefire rev6score Rating 3 4 ref http www.shakefire.com reviews allele pointoforigin.html Shakefire ... studio album by the alternative metal band Allele band Allele . The album was released on October ... Point . Wood, who aided in the album s production, said Schigel and Allele s record label gave ... 5 Allele Record new album mlive.com .Retrieved on March 24, 2010. ref Track listing Tracklisting writing credits yes title1 Fake writer1 Allele length1 2 56 title2 A Different Someone writer2 Allele length2 3 28 title3 Closer to Habit writer3 Allele length3 3 19 title4 Stitches writer4 Allele length4 3 08 title5 Lost In Your Words writer5 Allele length5 3 33 title6 Tightrope writer6 Allele length6 3 45 title7 Immune writer7 Allele length7 4 14 title8 Lies writer8 Allele length8 3 14 title9 Misunderstood writer9 Allele length9 2 38 title10 Unknown writer10 Allele length10 13 00 title11 Jaydin ... Official Allele Website Allele DEFAULTSORT Point Of Origin Album Category 2005 debut albums Category Allele albums fa ... more details
infobox biodatabase title Allele frequency net logo File Database.png description online repository for immune gene frequencies in worldwide populations. scope organism Homo sapiens center University of Liverpool laboratory Institute of Infection and Global Health author pmid PMID 21062830 released 2010 standard format url http www.allelefrequencies.net download webservice sql sparql webapp standalone license versioning frequency curation bookmark The allele frequency net database is a database containing the frequencies of immune genes and their corresponding alleles in different populations. ref cite journal quotes yes last Gonzalez Galarza first Faviel F authorlink coauthors Christmas Stephen, Middleton Derek, Jones Andrew R year 2011 month Jan title Allele frequency net a database and online repository for immune gene frequencies in worldwide populations journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 39 issue Database issue pages D913 9 publisher location England issn pmid 21062830 doi 10.1093 nar gkq1128 bibcode oclc id url language eng format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref References references See also Allele frequency External links http www.allelefrequencies.net Biodatabase stub Category Biological databases Category Immunology Category Genetics Category Population genetics ... more details
Specific resistance may refer to Resistivity Specific electrical resistance Specific airway resistance R sub aw sub functional residual capacity FRC disambig ... more details
Refimprove date April 2007 Specific properties of a substance are derived from other intrinsic and extrinsic properties or intensive and extensive properties of that substance. For example, the density of steel a specific and intrinsic property can be derived from measurements of the mass of a steel bar an extrinsic property divided by the volume of the bar another extrinsic property . Similarly, the specific gravity of a liquid is derived from the density of the liquid divided by the density of water two intrinsic properties . Uses of specific properties Reference tables Specific properties are often used in reference tables as a means of recording material data in a manner that is independent of size or mass. This allows the data to be broadly applied while keeping the table compact. Ranking, Classifying, and Comparing Specific properties are useful for making comparisons about one attribute while cancelling out the effect of variations in another attribute. For instance, steel alloys are typically stronger than aluminum alloys but are also much denser. Greater strength allows less metal to be used, which makes the choice between the two metals less than obvious. To simplify the comparison, one would compare the specific strength strength to weight ratio of the two metals. A more everyday example is grocery shopping. The two kilogram package sells for a higher price than the one kilogram package, but what matters is the specific price , commonly called the unit cost cost per kilogram . Mnemonics and Qualitative Reasoning In many instances, specific properties are more intuitive or are easier to remember than the original properties in SI or English units. For instance, it is easier ... squared. It is easy to remember that the specific gravity of water is 1.0 and that something with a higher specific gravity will sink in water. Other examples of specific properties specific heat , specific modulus , specific volume , specific activity , specific impulse , specific power , specific ... more details
Specific name may refer to in Database management system Database management systems , a system assigned name that is unique within a particular database In taxonomy , either of these two meanings, each with its own set of rules Specific name botany , the two part binomial name of a species Specific name zoology , the second part the species epithet of the name of a species disambig ... more details
wiktionary specific power In engineering, the term specific power can refer to Power to weight ratio , power per unit of mass Power density , power per unit volume Surface power density , power per unit area disambiguation ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2010 A specific legacy or specific bequest is a testamentary gift of a precisely identifiable object, distinguished from all other things of the same kind such as, a gift of a particular piece of jewelry. Category Wills and trusts Law term stub ... more details
Specific force is defined as the non gravitational force per unit mass . math mbox Specific Force frac mathrm Force non gravitational mathrm Mass math Specific force also called g force and mass specific force is measured in Metre per second squared meters second m s sup 2 sup which is the units for acceleration. Thus, specific force is not actually a force, but a type of acceleration. However, the mass specific force is not a coordinate acceleration, but rather a proper acceleration , which is the acceleration relative to free fall. Forces, specific forces, and proper acceleration s are the same in all reference frames, but coordinate accelerations are frame dependent. For free bodies, the specific force is the cause of, and a measure of, the body s proper acceleration . The g force acceleration is the same as the specific force. The acceleration of an object free falling towards the earth depends on the reference frame it disappears in the free fall frame, also called the inertial frame , but any g force acceleration will be present in all frames. This specific force is zero for freely falling objects, since gravity acting alone does not produce g forces or specific forces. Accelerometers on the surface of the Earth measure a constant 9.8 m s 2 even when they are not accelerating that is, when they do not undergo coordinate acceleration . This is because accelerometers measure the proper acceleration produced by the g force exerted by the ground gravity acting alone never produces g force or specific force . Accelerometers measure specific force proper acceleration , which is the acceleration relative to free fall, ref www.strapdownassociates.com Accels 20Measure.pdf ref , not the standard acceleration that is relative to a coordinate system. Hydraulics In open channel hydraulic engineering hydraulics , specific force math F s math has a different meaning math F s frac y 2 2 frac q 2 gy math where math q math is the discharge per unit width math q Q B math and math ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2008 Specific thrust is a term used in gas turbine engineering to show the relative bulk of a jet engine e.g. turbojet , turbofan , etc and is defined as the ratio net thrust total intake airflow. Low specific thrust engines A modern civil turbofan has a low specific thrust 30 lbf lb s to keep the jet noise at an acceptable level, and to achieve low fuel consumption, as a low specific thrust helps to improve specific fuel consumption SFC . This low specific thrust is usually achieved with a high bypass ratio . Additionally a low specific thrust implies that the engine is relatively large in diameter, for the net thrust it produces. Consequently such aircraft engines ... fuselage. High specific thrust engines On the other hand, a modern military turbofan has a fairly high specific thrust 45 110 lbf lb s , which keeps the cross sectional area of the engine low ... drag. A high specific thrust implies a high jet noise level, which is not an important consideration for most military applications. Maximum airspeed Specific thrust has significant bearing on thrust lapse rate the low jet velocity associated with a low specific thrust engine implies that there are large ... Supersonic aircraft require a high specific thrust, since that gives a high exhaust speed exhaust speed must exceed airspeed to maintain forward flight. Afterburners Dry specific thrust has impact upon the performance of afterburning turbofans. A low dry specific thrust engine has a low tailpipe temperature ... thrust boost in afterburning. Nevertheless, the afterburning specific thrust is still relatively low ... to nozzle and, for a given airflow, changes little with dry specific thrust. Consequently, the low ... reversed for a high dry specific thrust. Consequently engine designers must select a level of dry specific thrust that is suitable for the engine application. A compromise may be required. References Empty section date July 2010 See also Specific impulse exhaust velocity Thrust to weight ... more details
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