Infobox Anatomy Name Alphagranule Latin granulum alpha GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber Code TerminologiaHistologica 2 00 04.1.03005 In platelets , the term alpha granules is used to describe Granule cell biology granule s containing several growth factors. ref cite journal author Harrison P, Cramer E title Platelet alpha granules. journal Blood Rev volume 7 issue 1 pages 52 62 year 1993 pmid 8467233 doi 10.1016 0268 960X 93 90024 X ref Contents Contents include insulin like growth factor 1 , platelet derived growth factor , TGF , platelet factor 4 which is a heparin binding chemokine and other clotting proteins such as thrombospondin , fibronectin , and von Willebrand factor. The alpha granules express the adhesion molecule P selectin ref name OrkinNathan2009 cite book author1 Stuart H. Orkin author2 David G. Nathan author3 David Ginsburg coauthors A. Thomas Look title Nathan and Oski s hematology of infancy and childhood url http books.google.com books?id 9CmOIvgJm4C&pg PA1386 accessdate 2 November 2010 year 2009 publisher Elsevier Health Sciences isbn 9781416034308 pages 1386 ref and CD63 . ref name ColemanTsongalis2009 cite book author1 William B. Coleman author2 Gregory J. Tsongalis title Molecular pathology the molecular basis of human disease url http books.google.com books?id btloapOq85wC&pg PA258 accessdate 2 November 2010 year 2009 publisher Academic Press isbn 9780123744197 pages 258 ref These are transferred to the membrane after synthesis. The other type of granules within platelets are called dense granules . Clinical significance A deficiency of alpha granules is known as grey platelet syndrome . See also Dense granule References reflist Granule contents Category Growth factors molecular cell biology stub circulatory stub ru ... more details
wiktionary granule granules Granule is a generic term used for a small particle or grain. The generic term is employed in a variety of specific contexts. Granule solar physics , visible structures in the photosphere of the Sun arising from activity in the Sun s convective zone Granule cell biology , any of several submicroscopic structures, some with explicable origins, others noted only as cell type specific features of unknown function Azurophil granule , a structure characteristic of the azurophil eukarytotic cell type Chromaffin granule , a structure characteristic of the chromophil eukaryotic cell type Martian spherules , spherical granules of material found on the surface of the planet Mars Granule geology , a specified particle size of 2 4 millimetres 1 2 on the scale In pharmaceutical terms, a granule is small particles gathered into a larger, permanent aggregate in which the original particles can still be identified In the granule Oracle DBMS Oracle database , a unit of contiguously allocated virtual memory See also Granular material disambiguation ca Gr nul de Granule fr Granule pt Gr nulo ru simple Granule uk ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Dense granule Latin granulum delta GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber Code TerminologiaHistologica 2 00 04.1.03006 Dense granules also known as dense bodies or delta granules are specialized Secretion secretory organelle s. In unicellular organisms They are found in animals and in unicellular organisms including Apicomplexa protozoa ns. They are also found in Entamoeba . ref name MarrNilsen2003 cite book author1 James Joseph Marr author2 Timothy W. Nilsen author3 Richard Komuniecki title Molecular medical parasitology url http books.google.com books?id KjSCOT cUXQC&pg PA254 accessdate 12 November 2010 year 2003 publisher Academic Press isbn 9780124733466 pages 254 ref In multicellular organisms Components The dense granules of human platelet s contain adenosine diphosphate ADP , adenosine triphosphate ATP , ionized calcium which is necessary for several steps of the coagulation cascade , and serotonin . ref name OrkinNathan2009 cite book author1 Stuart H. Orkin author2 David G. Nathan author3 David Ginsburg coauthors A. Thomas Look title Nathan and Oski s hematology of infancy and childhood url http books.google.com books?id 9CmOIvgJm4C&pg PA1386 accessdate 2 November 2010 year 2009 publisher Elsevier Health Sciences isbn 9781416034308 pages 1386 ref Clinical significance A deficiency of CD63 can be associated with Hermansky Pudlak syndrome . ref cite journal author Nishibori M, Cham B, McNicol A, Shalev A, Jain N, Gerrard J title The protein CD63 is in platelet dense granules, is deficient in a patient with Hermansky Pudlak syndrome , and appears identical to granulophysin . journal J Clin Invest volume 91 issue 4 pages 1775 82 year 1993 pmid 7682577 doi 10.1172 JCI116388 pmc 288158 ref See also Platelet alphagranule Platelet Dense bodies References reflist Category Organelles Cell biology stub Granule contents es Gr nulo denso ... more details
Infobox Planet minorplanet yes width 25em bgcolour FFFFC0 apsis name Granule symbol image caption discovery yes discovery ref ref name MPC cite web url http www.cfa.harvard.edu iau lists NumberedMPs000001.html title Discovery Circumstances Numbered Minor Planets 1 5000 accessdate March 7, 2010 publisher IAU Minor Planet Center archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20100409063622 http www.cfa.harvard.edu iau lists NumberedMPs000001.html archivedate 09 April 2010 Added by DASHBot ref discoverer Max Wolf discovery site Heidelberg discovered March 31, 1916 designations yes mp name 1661 alt names A916 FA mp category orbit ref epoch January 4, 2010 aphelion 2.3806441 perihelion 1.9866311 semimajor eccentricity 0.0902194 period 1178.6077199 avg speed inclination 3.03231 asc node 261.86760 mean anomaly 346.43883 arg peri 327.41093 satellites physical characteristics yes dimensions mass density surface grav escape velocity sidereal day axial tilt pole ecliptic lat pole ecliptic lon albedo temperatures temp name1 mean temp 1 max temp 1 temp name2 max temp 2 spectral type abs magnitude 13.3 1661 Granule A916 FA is a Main belt asteroid discovered on March 31, 1916 by Max Wolf at Heidelberg . ref name MPC It was named after Gall s granule , a feature of lymphocyte s discovered by Edward Gall . References reflist External links http ssd.jpl.nasa.gov sbdb.cgi?sstr 1661 Granule JPL Small Body Database Browser on 1661 Granule Minor planets navigator 1660 Wood 1662 Hoffmann Small Solar System bodies DEFAULTSORT Granule Category Main Belt asteroids Category Discoveries by Max Wolf Category Astronomical objects discovered in 1916 beltasteroid stub de 1661 Granule el 1661 eo 1661 Granulo eu 1661 Granule fa it 1661 Granule la 1661 Granule hu 1661 Granule no 1661 Granule nn 1661 Granule pl 1661 Granule pt 1661 Granule sk 1661 Granule sr 1661 Granule tl 1661 Granule uk 1661 vi 1661 Granule yo 1661 Granule ... more details
cell s A and granule cells B from pigeon cerebellum by Santiago Ram n y Cajal , 1899. Instituto Santiago Ram n y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. Granule cells are the smallest cells found in the brain and are an extremely small type of neuron . Granule cells are found within the Cerebellum Granular Layer granular ... bulb . Granule cell cerebellum Cerebellar granule cell s account for nearly half of the neuron s in the central nervous system . Granule cells receive excitatory input from Mossy fiber cerebellum mossy fiber s originating from pons pontine nucleus neuroanatomy nuclei . Cerebellar granule ... dendritic arbors. These parallel fibers form thousands of excitatory Granule cell Purkinje cell .... Layer 4 granule cells of the cerebral cortex receive driving inputs from thalamus and convey ... cortex. Structure Granule cells in different brain regions are both functionally and anatomically diverse the main thing they have in common is smallness. For instance, olfactory bulb granule cells are GABAergic and axonless, while granule cells in the dentate gyrus have glutamatergic projection axons . These two populations of granule cells are also the only major neuronal populations that undergo adult neurogenesis , while cerebellar and cortical granule cells do not. Granule cells have a structure typical of a neuron consisting of dendrites, a soma and an axon. Dendrites Each granule .... Soma Granule cells all have a small soma diameter of approximately 10 m. Axon Each granule cell ... micron. Synapse 100 300,000 granule cell axons synapse onto a single Purkinje cell . The existence of gap junctions between granule cells allows multiple neurons to be coupled to one another allowing multiple cells to act in synchronization and to allow signalling functions necessary for granule ..., and H Baumgarten title Olfactory Bulb Granule Cell Aggregates Morphological Evidence for lnterperikaryal ... 1991 pages 1465 495 url http www.jneurosci.org content 11 6 1485.full.pdf ref Cerebellum granule ... more details
Specific granules are secretory Vesicle biology vesicles found exclusively in cells of the immune system called granulocyte s. They are also known as secondary granules . It is sometimes described as applying specifically to neutrophils, ref name urlDefinition specific granule from Online Medical Dictionary cite web url http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?specific granule title Definition specific granule from Online Medical Dictionary format work accessdate ref , and sometimes the term is applied to other types of cells. ref name pmid7334549 cite journal author Okuda M, Takenaka T, Kawabori S, Ogami Y title Ultrastructural study of the specific granule of the human eosinophil journal J. Submicrosc. Cytol. volume 13 issue 3 pages 465 71 year 1981 month July pmid 7334549 doi url ref These granule s store a mixture of cytotoxic molecules, including many enzyme s and antimicrobial peptide s, that are released by a process called degranulation following activation of the granulocyte by an immune stimulus. Specific granules are also known as secondary granules . ref name GreerWintrobe2008 cite book author1 John P. Greer author2 Maxwell Myer Wintrobe title Wintrobe s clinical hematology url http books.google.com books?id 68enzUD7BVgC&pg PA173 accessdate 10 November 2010 date 1 December 2008 publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins isbn 9780781765077 pages 173 ref Contents Examples of cytotoxic molecule stored by specific granules in different granulocytes include Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase , lactoferrin , lysozyme , myeloperoxidase , NADPH oxidase Eosinophil cathepsin , major basic protein Basophil heparin , histamine not directly cytotoxic Clinical significance A specific granule deficiency can be associated with CEBPE . ref OMIM 245480 SPECIFIC GRANULE DEFICIENCY SGD ref References reflist External links http nic.sav.sk logos books scientific node16.html Neutrophil granules at sav.sk Granule contents DEFAULTSORT Specific Granule Category Organelles Category Immunol ... more details
A granule is a clastic rocks clast of rock geology rock with a particle size of 2 to 4 millimetres based on the Particle size grain size Krumbein phi scale of sedimentology . Granules are generally considered to be larger than sand 0.0625 to 2 millimetres diameter and smaller than pebble s 4 to 64 millimetres diameter . A rock made predominantly of granules is termed a conglomerate geology conglomerate . ref name Folk1980a Folk, R.L. 1980 The Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks. Austin, Texas, Hemphill Publishing Company. 182 pp. ISBN 0 914696 14 9 ref References reflist See also Gravel Particle size grain size Category Stone Category Sedimentology Category Granular materials petrology stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Azurophilic granule Latin granulum azurophilum GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber Code TerminologiaHistologica 2 00 04.1.02011 BR TerminologiaHistologica 2 00 04.1.02014 An azurophil is an object readily staining stained with an azure stain . in white blood cells and chromatin hyperchromatin , imparting a burgundy color burgundy or merlot coloration. Neutrophils in particular are known for containing azurophils loaded with a wide variety of anti microbial defensins that fuse with phagocytic vacuoles . Azurophils may contain myeloperoxidase , phospholipase A2 , Acid Hydrolases, Elastase , defensin s, neutral serine protease s, bactericidal permeability increasing protein , ref name urlPhagocytes Neutrophils cite web url http www.dent.ucla.edu pic members neutrophils neutrophils2.html title Phagocytes Neutrophils format work accessdate ref lysozyme , cathepsin G, proteinase 3, and proteoglycans. Azurophil granules are also known as primary granules . ref name GreerWintrobe2008 cite book author1 John P. Greer author2 Maxwell Myer Wintrobe title Wintrobe s clinical hematology url http books.google.com books?id 68enzUD7BVgC&pg PA173 accessdate 10 November 2010 date 1 December 2008 publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins isbn 9780781765077 pages 173 ref See also azure color lysosome specific granules References reflist External links http missinglink.ucsf.edu lm IDS 101 histo resource images neutrophil100x copy.jpg labelled.jpg Histology at ucsf.edu Category Hematology Category Staining biology stub Granule contents ... more details
. ref cite journal author Gilks N, Kedersha N, Ayodele M, et al. title Stress granule assembly ... that microtubules play a role in the formation of stress granules, maybe by transporting granule ..., Nadezhdina ES title Disruption of microtubules inhibits cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein stress granule ... of stress granule assembly & function cite journal author Sandqvist A, Sistonen L title Nuclear ... more details
Lamellar granules otherwise known as lamellar bodies , keratinosomes or Odland bodies are secretory organelle s found in type II pneumocyte s and keratinocyte s. They are oblong structures, appearing about 300 400 nm in width and 100 150 nm in length in transmission electron microscopy images. Lamellar granules fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents into the extracellular space. ref name pmid21424930 cite journal author Ishida Yamamoto A, Kishibe M. title Involvement of corneodesmosome degradation and lamellar granule transportation in the desquamation process. journal Med Mel Morphol. volume 44 issue 1 pages 1 6 year 2011 month Mar pmid 21424930 pmc doi ref Role in Lungs In pneumocytes, the choline based phospholipids that are stored in the lamellar bodies serve as pulmonary surfactant after being released from the cell. Role in Epidermis In the stratum granulosum layer of the Epidermis skin epidermis , lamellar bodies are secreted from keratinocytes , resulting in the formation of an impermeable, lipid containing membrane that serves as a water barrier and is required for correct skin barrier function. These granules release components that are required for skin shedding desquamation in the uppermost epidermal layer, the stratum corneum . ref name descargues cite journal author Descargues P, Deraison C, Bonnart C, Kreft M, Kishibe M, Ishida Yamamoto A, Elias P, Barrandon Y, Zambruno G, Sonnenberg A, Hovnanian A. title Spink5 deficient mice mimic Netherton syndrome through degradation of desmoglein 1 by epidermal protease hyperactivity. journal Nat Genet volume 37 issue 1 pages 56 65 year 2005 month Jan pmid pmc 15619623 doi ref These components include lipids eg. glucosylceramides , hydrolytic enzymes eg. proteases , acid phosphatases , glucosidases , lipases and proteins eg. corneodesmosin . ref name ishida yamamoto cite journal author Ishida Yamamoto A, Simon M, Kishibe M, Miyauchi Y, Takahashi H, Yoshida S, O Brien TJ, Serre G, Iizuka H. title E ... more details
Other uses Granule disambiguation In Cell biology cell biology , a granule is a small particle. ref DorlandsDict four 000045972 granule ref It can be any structure barely visible by light microscopy. The term is most often used to describe a Secretory pathway secretory Vesicle biology vesicle . Leukocytes A group of leukocytes called granulocytes contain granules and play an important role in the immune system. The granules of certain cells, such as natural killer cell s, contain components which can lead to the lysis of neighboring cells. The granules of leukocytes are classified as azurophilic granules or specific granules . Leukocyte granules are released in response to immunological stimuli during a process known as degranulation . Platelets The granules of platelets are classified as dense granule s and Platelet alphagranulealphagranule s. Germline Granules In 1957, Andr and Rouiller first coined the term nuage . ref Andr J, Rouiller CH 1957 L ultrastructure de la membrane nucl aire des ovocytes del l araign e Tegenaria domestica Clark . Proc European Conf Electron Microscopy, Stockholm 1956. Academic Press, New York, pp 162 164 ref French for cloud . Its amorphous and fibrous structure occurred in drawings as early as in 1933 Risley 1933 . Today, the nuage is accepted to represent a characteristic, electron density electrondense germ plasm organelle encapsulating the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear envelope of the cells destined to the germline fate. The same granular material is also known under various synonyms dense bodies, mitochondrial clouds, yolk nuclei, Balbiani bodies, perinuclear P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans , germinal granules in Xenopus laevis and chromatoidal bodies in mouse and polar granules in Drosophila . Molecularly, the nuage is a tightly ... granule Kurloff cells References reflist Category Cell anatomy cell biology stub Cellular structures Granule contents de Granula gl Gr nulo biolox a nl Granule no Granula simple Granule cell biology ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In computing, a granule is a unit of contiguous adjacent bordering virtual memory allocated to a process. In the Oracle DBMS , the Oracle server allocates the system global area SGA in granule units at the time of instance startup. During the startup, each component acquires as many granules as it requires. The SGA can be said to consist of linked granules. The granule size depends on the database version and sometimes on the operating system. In Oracle 9i and earlier, it is 4 MB if the SGA size is less than 128 MB, and 16 MB otherwise. For later releases, it is typically 4 MB if the SGA size is less than 1 GB, and 16 MB otherwise. ref cite web url http www.orafaq.com wiki Granule title Granule publisher The Oracle FAQ accessdate 2009 04 11 ref There must be at least 3 granules in the SGA one for the Database Buffer Cache, one for the Shared Pool Area and one for the Redo log Redo Log Buffer. It is possible to retrieve information about the current granule size at any time by querying the dynamic view V SGAINFO. ref cite web url http www.labo oracle.com tips Determining 20the 20granule 20size 20on 20Oracle 2010g title Determining the granule size on Oracle 10g publisher SUPINFO Oracle Laboratory accessdate 2009 04 11 ref Notes reflist Category Oracle software Category Computing terminology database software stub ... more details
Infobox neuron neuron name Cerebellar granule cell image neuron Parallel fibers.png caption neuron Granule cells, parallel fiber s, and flattened dendritic trees of Purkinje cell s location Cerebellum function excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate morphology small cell with few dendrites afferents Mossy fiber s and Golgi cell s efferents Parallel fiber s to cerebellar cortex NeuroLex NeuroLexID Granule cells of the cerebellum are among the smallest neurons in the brain. The term granule cell is used for several unrelated types of small neurons in various parts of the brain. Cerebellar granule cells are also easily the most numerous neurons in the brain in humans, estimates of their total number average around 50 billion, which means that they constitute about 3 4 of the brain s neurons. ref name SOB Description The cell bodies are packed into a thick layer at the bottom of the cerebellar cortex. A granule cell emits only four to five dendrites, each of which ends in an enlargement called a dendritic claw . ref name SOB These enlargements are sites of excitatory input from mossy fibers and inhibitory input from Golgi cells. The thin, unmyelinated axons of granule cells rise vertically to the upper molecular layer of the cortex, where they split in two, with each branch traveling horizontally to form a parallel fiber the splitting of the vertical branch into two horizontal branches ... 2004 publisher Oxford University Press location New York isbn 0 19 515955 1 ref Granule cells use glutamate ... Granule cells receive all of their input from mossy fibers, but outnumber them 200 to 1 in humans . Thus, the information in the granule cell population activity state is the same as the information in the mossy fibers, but recoded in a much more expansive way. Because granule cells are so small and so ... of mossy fiber inputs. The idea is that with each granule cell receiving input from only 4 5 mossy fibers, a granule cell would not respond if only a single one of its inputs was active, but would ... more details
Expand German topic culture date July 2011 AlphaAlpha Infobox television show name AlphaAlpha image caption format camera runtime creator starring country Germany network Theme first aired last aired num seasons num episodes list episodes AlphaAlpha was a 1972 German science fiction fantasy television series which aired on ZDF . It starred Karl Michael Vogler , Lilith Ungerer , Arthur Brauss and Horst Sachtleben . See also List of German television series External links imdb title id title AlphaAlpha Category German science fiction television series Category 1972 television series debuts Category 1972 television series endings Category ZDF television series Category German fantasy Germany tv prog stub de AlphaAlpha ... more details
other uses pp semi small yes Greek Alphabet letter alpha WikisourceEBD1897 A entry Alpha uppercase ... Aleph Image phoenician aleph.svg 20px Aleph . Letters that arose from Alpha include the Latin A and the Cyrillic letter A Cyrillic . In English the noun alpha is used as a synonym for beginning , or first in a series , reflecting its Greek roots. ref http www.merriam webster.com dictionary alpha ref Uses Greek In Ancient Greek , alpha was pronounced IPAblink a when short and IPAblink a when long. Where there is ambiguity, long and short alpha are sometimes written with a macron and breve ... of alpha represent the short IPA el a . In the polytonic Greek polytonic orthography of Greek, alpha, like other vowel letters, can occur with several diacritic marks any of three accent symbols ... Ionic Greek Ionic dialect of Ancient Greek, long alpha IPAblink a fronted to IPAblink eta . In Ionic ... , and rho , , e, i, r . In Doric Greek Doric and Aeolic Greek Aeolic , long alpha is preserved ... prefix or ha , a . It comes from Proto Indo European PIE sm& 805 . Math and science main Alpha disambiguation The letter alpha represents various concepts in physics and chemistry , including alpha radiation , angular acceleration , alpha particle s, alpha carbon and strength of electromagnetic interaction as Fine structure constant . Alpha also stands for thermal expansion coefficient of a Chemical ... alpha is used to denote the area underneath a Normal distribution normal curve in statistics to denote ... c5 inferential statistics what alpha level.html work Research Methods and Statistics PESS202 ... to name the dominant individual in a wolf or dog pack. The uppercase letter alpha is not generally ... of alpha represents the open back unrounded vowel . History and symbolism Etymology Alpha was derived ...?search alphaalpha on the Online Etymology Dictionary ref Plutarch Plutarch , in Moralia , ref Symposiacs ... section91 On line text at Adelaide library ref presents a discussion on why the letter alpha ... more details
Other uses Granule disambiguation Unreferenced date December 2009 File Granules2 Cropped Photospheric Granulation G.Scharmer Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope 10 July 1997.jpg thumb Solar photosphere, with North America superimposed for scale. Each black or white bar on the graphic represents 1000 kilometer km . Granules on the photosphere of the Sun are caused by convection current s thermal column s, B nard cells of Plasma physics plasma within the Sun s convective zone. The grainy appearance of the solar photosphere is produced by the tops of these convective cells and is called granulation . The rising part of the granules is located in the center where the plasma physics plasma is hotter. The outer edge of the granules is darker due to the cooler descending plasma. In addition to the visible appearance, which would be explained by convection convective motion , Doppler shift measurements of the light from individual granules provides evidence for the convective nature of the granules. A typical granule has a diameter on the order of 1,000 kilometers and lasts 8 to 20 minutes before dissipating. At any one time, the Sun s surface is covered by about 4 million granules. Below the photosphere is a layer of Supergranulation supergranules up to 30,000 kilometers in diameter with lifespans of up to 24 hours. References Reflist The Sun DEFAULTSORT Granule Solar Physics Category Sun ar ca Granulaci fotosf rica cs Granulace astronomie de Granulation Astronomie fr Granulation solaire ko it Granulo sole nl Granulatiekorrel ja no Granulasjon pl Granule pt Gr nulo astronomia ro Granula ie solar ru sk Slne n granul cia sr fi Granula sv Granuler uk zh ... more details
Image PurkinjeCell.jpg thumb right 200px Purkinje cell s A and granule cells B from a pigeon cerebellum Granule cell Purkinje cell synapses or gcPc synapses are the junctions that form the synapse in the cerebellum between granule cells and Purkinje cells . ref cite web url http scholar.google.com scholar?q gcPc 20synapses&um 1&hl en&ie UTF 8&sa N&tab ps title A Wavelet Approach for the Identification of Axonal Synaptic Varicosities from Microscope Images accessdate 2010 08 12 quote The cerebellar parallel fiber system contains the synapses be tween the granule cells and the Purkinje cells gcPc synapses , which have a strategic role in cerebellar function publisher ref These synapses are thought to be a storage site for the information that is required for motor coordination and their misfunctioning is involved with some movement disorder s. ref cite journal title Properties of unitary granule cell Purkinje cell synapses in adult rat cerebellar slices. last first journal Journal of Neuroscience volume 22 issue 22 pages 9668 78 accessdate 2010 08 12 quote work pmid 12427822 year 2002 month November ref Glutamate is the neurotransmitter . References reflist Category Neurology Category Cerebellum ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve MeshName MeshNumber Code TerminologiaHistologica 3 04 02.0.00025 Alpha cells are endocrine system endocrine cell biology cell s in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas . They make up 33 46 of the human islet cells and are responsible for synthesizing and secreting the peptide hormone glucagon , which elevates the glucose levels in the blood . To elevate glucose levels, glucagon binds to receptors on hepatocyte s liver cells and some other cells e.g. kidney cells . This activates an enzyme, glycogen phosphorylase , inside the hepatocyte to hydrolyse glycogen to glucose. This process is called glycogenolysis . In rodents, alpha cells are located in the periphery of the islets, however in humans the islet architecture is generally less organized and alpha cells are frequently observed inside the islets as well. When being viewed by an electron microscope , alpha cells can be identified by their characteristic Granule cell biology granules with a large dense core and a small white halo. Alternative and more common spellings alpha cell or cell . See also Glucagonoma External links MeshName Pancreatic alpha cells Endocrine system anatomy endocrine pancreas Category Peptide hormone secreting cells Cell biology stub ar pt C lula alfa ru sk Alfa bunka sr ... more details
Alpha agonist may refer to Alpha adrenergic agonist , drugs that selectively stimulate alpha adrenergic receptors PPAR modulator , drugs which act upon the Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha disambiguation ... more details
Alpha subunits refers to several protein subunit s, e.g. G protein s Gi alpha subunit G sub i sub alpha subunit Gs alpha subunit G sub s sub alpha subunit Gq alpha subunit G sub q sub alpha subunit the pore forming loop of ion channel s disambig ... more details
Alpha Squadron may refer to Alpha Squadron comics is the name of a team of mutants in the Marvel Universe comics , featured in The New Mutants Alternatively, Terran Confederacy Alpha Squadron Alpha Squadron could refer to a military squadron of the Terran Confederacy in the StarCraft series disambig ... more details
Alpha Delta may refer to Alpha Delta National Fraternity , founded in 2007 A Dartmouth College Greek organizations Alpha Delta Greek organization at Dartmouth College disambig ... more details
Alpha strike may refer to Alpha strike engineering , when an alpha particle enters and causes damage to the data contained in a computer processor. Alpha strike gaming , a massive all out attack launched near the beginning of a tabletop wargame. Alpha strike United States Navy , a large air attack by an aircraft carrier air wing. disambig ... more details
wiktionarypar alphaAlpha or is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. Alpha or ALPHA may also refer to TOCright Science Alpha ethology also alpha male and alpha female , the highest ranking individuals in a community of social animals alpha and beta carbon Alpha carbon in organic chemistry ALPHA ... ALPHAALPHA , a particle physics experiment at CERN Alpha particle , form of particle radiation Alpha helix , a common motif in the secondary structure of proteins Alpha taxonomy , the science of naming organisms Alpha wave s, recorded by electroencephalography H alpha , or H , an emission line created ... in thermodynamics , a symbol for the fine structure constant in physics Alpha, the brightest star in a constellation according to the Bayer designation Mathematics and statistics Alpha investment , a measurement of risk adjusted performance Cronbach s alpha , a statistical measure of reliability ... Alpha, Queensland United States Alpha, California Alpha, Illinois Alpha, Iowa Alpha, Kentucky Alpha, Michigan Alpha, Minnesota Alpha, New Jersey Alpha, Ohio Alpha, Tennessee Alpha, Texas Alpha, Washington Alpha, Wisconsin Alpha Ridge, Alaska Arctic Ocean Alpha Ridge , an undersea ridge Media, literature and fiction Television Alpha TV , a Greek terrestrial channel The Alpha Quadrant , one of the four ... fr Alpha , a classical record label now part of Outhere Alpha Alice Nine album Alpha Alice Nine album , by the band Alice Nine Alpha Asia album Alpha Asia album Alpha band , a British electronic music group Alpha Selena album Alpha Sevendust album Alpha Sevendust album , by the band Sevendust Alpha , one of the tracks on the album Albedo 0.39 , composed by Vangelis ALPHA 60 , a Swedish alternative rock band Books and magazines Alpha magazine Alpha magazine , Australian men s sport magazine Alpha Books , an imprint of Penguin Group USA Alpha Knightmare Frame , used by the Irregulars in the manga ... Gaming Alpha Magic The Gathering Alpha Magic The Gathering , the first Magic The Gathering cards ... more details
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