title An evaluation of the effect of an alphahydroxyacid blend skin cream in the cosmetic improvement ... U.S. Food and Drug Administration AlphaHydroxy Acids in Cosmetics DEFAULTSORT AlphaHydroxyAcid ... , and hydroxy acids Hydroxy acids , or alphahydroxy acids AHAs , are a class of chemical compounds that consist of a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl hydroxyl group on the adjacent ... ref Ditre CM, Griffin TD, Murphy GF, Vasn Scott EJ Improvement of photodamaged skin with alphahydroxyacid AHA A clinical, histological, and ultra structural study. Dermatology 2000 Congress. Vienna, Austria. May 18 21, 1993 175. ref Alphahydroxy acids at different concentrations In low concentrations, 5 10 , as is found in many over the counter products, glycolic acid reduces cell adhesion in the top ... resonance spectroscopy NMR timescale in mandelic acid 2 hydroxy 2 phenylacetic acid this proton .... ref name FDA See also Beta hydroxyacid Omega hydroxyacid Salicylic acid , a hydroxyacid ... name FDA cite journal url http www.cfsan.fda.gov dms fdacaha.html title AlphaHydroxy Acids for Skin ... first2 HI last3 Wildnauer first3 R last4 Green first4 B ref ref name yu cite journal title AlphaHydroxy ... name yu Many well known hydroxy acids are useful building blocks in organic synthesis the most common and simple are glycolic acid , lactic acid , citric acid , mandelic acid . Cosmetic applications ... food products including glycolic acid from sugar cane , lactic acid from sour milk , malic acid from apples , citric acid from citrus fruits and tartaric acid from grape wine . For any topical compound ... compound s ability to penetrate the top layer of the skin. Glycolic acid having the smallest molecular ... appear to have deeper dermal effects. Glycolic acid, lactic acid and citric acid, on topical application ... for smoother texture following regular use of topical glycolic acid GA . This relatively low ... Glycolic acid versus trichloroacetic acid in melasma ref name Glycolic acid peeling in the treatment ... more details
Image 3 Hydroxypropanoic acid.png thumb right 3 Hydroxypropionic acid , a simple beta hydroxyacid A beta hydroxyacid or hydroxyacid BHA is an organic compound that contains a carboxylic acid functional group and hydroxyl hydroxy functional group separated by two carbon atoms. They are closely related to alphahydroxyacid s, in which the two functional groups are separated by one carbon atom. In cosmetics, the term beta hydroxyacid refers specifically to salicylic acid , which is used in some anti aging creams and acne treatments. Upon dehydration reaction dehydration , beta hydroxy acids yield an alpha beta unsaturated acid . Acidic properties Compared to non hydroxylated carboxylic acids, this group of acids is stronger, although less strong than the alphahydroxyacid s. Due to the larger distance, the intramolecular hydrogen bridge is less easily formed compared to the alphahydroxy acids. The table summarizes some values on the propionic series. class wikitable Name pK sub a sub Propanoic acid 4.87 ref name CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC press, 58th edition page D150 151 1977 ref Hydroxypropionic acid 3.86 ref Dawson, R. M. C. et al ., Data for Biochemical Research , Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959. ref Hydroxypropionic acid 4.51 ref name CRC Other beta hydroxy acids include Beta hydroxybutyric acid beta Hydroxybutyric acid Beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate beta Hydroxy beta methylbutyrate Carnitine References references Category Hydroxy acids bs Beta hidroksilna kiselina sr Beta hidroksilna kiselina ... more details
chembox ImageFile1 Hydroxyalpha Sanshool.png ImageSize1 250px IUPACName 2E,6Z,8E,10E N 2 hydroxy 2 methylpropyl dodeca 2,6,8,10 tetraenamide Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 83883 10 7 ChemSpiderID 39144022 PubChem 10084135 SMILES CC CC CC CCCC CC O NCC C C O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 16 sub H sub 25 sub NO sub 2 sub MolarMass 263.19 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Hydroxyalpha sanshool is a bioactive component of plants from the Xanthoxylum genus, including the Sichuan pepper . It is believed to be responsible for the numbing, tingling sensation paresthesia caused by eating food cooked with Sichuan pepper corns. The molecular mechanisms by which hydroxyalpha sanshool induces these sensations have been a matter of debate. Although the compound is an agonist at the pain integrating cation channels TRPV1 and TRPA1 , newer evidence suggests that the Tandem pore domain potassium channel two pore domain potassium channel s KCNK3 , KCNK9 , and KCNK18 are primarily responsible for hydroxyalpha sanshool s effects. ref name pmid18568022 cite journal author Bautista DM, Sigal YM, Milstein AD, Garrison JL, Zorn JA, Tsuruda PR, Nicoll RA, Julius D title Pungent agents from Szechuan peppers excite sensory neurons by inhibiting two pore potassium channels journal Nat. Neurosci. volume 11 issue 7 pages 772 9 year 2008 month July pmid 18568022 doi 10.1038 nn.2143 ref The term sanshool in the compound s name is derived from the Japanese language Japanese term for the Sichuan pepper, nihongo sansh literally, Mountain Pepper , to which was appended the suffix ol , indicating a chemical alcohol . See also Sichuan pepper Capsaicin the component of chili pepper s responsible for their spicy heat References reflist DEFAULTSORT HydroxyAlpha Sanshool Category Phytochemicals Category Fatty acid amides Category Alcohols Category Polyolefins fa fr Alphahydroxy sanshool ... more details
Omega hydroxy acids also known as hydroxy acids are a class of naturally occurring straight chain aliphatic organic acids n carbon atoms long with a carboxyl group at position 1 and a hydroxyl at position n . The C16 and C18 omega hydroxy acids 16 hydroxy palmitic acid and 18 hydroxy stearic acid are key monomers of cutin in the plant cuticle . ref name kolattukudy1972a P. E. Kolattukudy, T. J. Walton 1972 Structure and biosynthesis of the hydroxy fatty acids of cutin in Vicia faba leaves. Biochemistry. 11, 10 ,1897 1907 ref ref name Soliday1977 C. L. Soliday and P. E. Kolattukudy 1977 Biosynthesis of Cutin hydroxylation of fatty acids by a microsomal preparation from germinating Vicia faba . Plant Physiology 59, 6 , 1116 1121. ref The polymer cutin is formed by inter esterification of omega hydroxy acids and derivatives of them that are substituted in mid chain, such as 10,16 dihydroxy palmitic acid. ref name Walton1972 T.J. Walton TJ and P.E. Kolattukudy 1972 Enzymatic conversion of 16 hydroxypalmitic acid into 10,16 dihydroxypalmitic acid in Vicia faba epidermal extracts. Biochem Biophys Res Communications 46, 1 , 16 21 ref ref name Holloway1982 P. J. Holloway 1982 The chemical constitution of plant cutins. p45 85 in In The Plant Cuticle . ed. by DF Cutler, KL Alvin and CE Price. Academic Press, London. ISBN 0 12 199920 3 ref Only the epidermal cells of plants synthesize cutin. ref name Kolattukudy1996 Kolattukudy, PE 1996 Biosynthetic pathways of cutin and waxes, and their sensitivity to environmental stresses. In Plant Cuticles. Ed. by G. Kerstiens, BIOS Scientific publishers Ltd., Oxford, pp 83 108 ref References reflist Category Hydroxy acids Category Plant physiology organic compound stub ... more details
File R Humulone.svg thumb right Chemical structure of humulone , the most prevalent alphaacid in hops Alpha acids acids are a class of chemical compounds primarily of importance to the production of beer . They are found in the resin glands of the flowers of the hops hop plant and are the source of hop Taste Bitterness bitterness . Alpha acids may be isomerized to form iso alpha acids by the application of heat in solution . Iso alpha acids iso acids are typically produced in beer from the addition of hops to the boiling wort . The degree of isomerization and the amount of bitter flavor produced by the addition of hops is highly dependent on the length of time the hops are boiled. Longer boil times will result in isomerization of more of the available alpha acids. Common alpha acids include humulone , adhumulone , cohumulone , posthumulone , and prehumulone . The most common iso alpha acids are cis and trans isohumulone . Bittering The alphaacid rating on hops indicates the amount of alphaacid as a percentage of total weight of the hop. Hops with a higher alphaacid content will contribute more bitterness than a lower alphaacid hop when using the same amount of hops. High alphaacid varieties of hops are more efficient for producing highly bitter beers. Alphaacid percentages ... factors. For example, this list shows the typical range of Alpha Acids found in some common ... 5 Mt. Hood 3.5 8 Saaz 2 5 Styrian Goldings 4.5 7 Willamette 4 7 Anti bacterial properties Iso alpha ... alpha acids are very effective preventing serious contamination from Gram positive bacteria such as the lactic acid bacteria and Pediococcus , there are some strains that are quite resistant to the effects ... 3 ref The iso alpha acids have no effect on Gram negative bacteria, and therefore the brewer must ... stability. ref name Sakamoto References references External links Commons category inline alpha acids chemical structures of alpha acids Category Organic acids Category Brewing Category Bitter compounds ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE alpha Hydroxyglutaric acid chembox verifiedrevid 443379483 Name Hydroxyglutaric acid ImageFile alpha hydroxyglutaric acid.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 2 Hydroxypentanedioic acid OtherNames 2 Hydroxyglutaric acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 42 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C02630 InChI 1 C5H8O5 c6 3 5 9 10 1 2 4 7 8 h3,6H,1 2H2, H,7,8 H,9,10 InChIKey HWXBTNAVRSUOJR UHFFFAOYAI SMILES1 O C O C O CCC O O StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C5H8O5 c6 3 5 9 10 1 2 4 7 8 h3,6H,1 2H2, H,7,8 H,9,10 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey HWXBTNAVRSUOJR UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 2889 31 8 PubChem 43 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 17084 SMILES C CC O O C C O O O MeSHName Alpha hydroxyglutarate Section2 Chembox Properties C 5 H 8 O 5 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Hydroxyglutaric acid 2 hydroxyglutaric acid is an alphahydroxyacid . In humans the compound is formed by a hydroxyacid oxoacid transhydrogenase whereas in bacteria is formed by a 2 hydroxyglutarate synthase . The compound can be converted to alpha Ketoglutaric acid ketoglutaric acid through the action of a 2 hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase which, in humans, are two enzymes called D2HGDH and L2HGDH . Deficiency in either of these two enzymes lead to a disease known as 2 Hydroxyglutaric aciduria 2 hydroxyglutaric aciduria . DEFAULTSORT Hydroxyglutaric acid, alpha Category Dicarboxylic acids Category Hydroxy acids organic compound stub de 2 Hydroxyglutars ure pt cido alfa hidroxi glut rico ... more details
Hydroxy can refer to In chemical nomenclature, the prefix hydroxy shows the presence of a hydroxyl functional group OH An abbreviation for the medication hydroxyzine , which is commonly sold under the brand names Atarax, Ucerax, Serecid, and Vistaril Hydroxy gas A nickname for oxyhydrogen , a combination of hydrogen and oxygen gas produced from the electrolysis of water disambiguation nl Hydroxy ... more details
orphan date January 2010 enzyme Name alpha amino acid esterase EC number 3.1.1.43 CAS number 74506 40 4 IUBMB EC number 3 1 1 43 GO code 0047658 image width caption In enzymology , an alpha amino acid esterase EC number 3.1.1.43 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction an alpha amino acid ester H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math an alpha amino acid an alcohol Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are alpha amino acid ester and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are alpha amino acid and alcohol . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is alpha amino acid ester aminoacylhydrolase . This enzyme is also called alpha amino acid ester hydrolase . Structural studies As of late 2007, 5 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1MPX , PDB link 1NX9 , PDB link 1RYY , PDB link 2B4K , and PDB link 2B9V . References reflist 1 cite journal author Kato K, Kawahara K, Takahashi T and Kakinuma A date 1980 title Purification of an alpha amino acid ester hydrolase from Xanthomonas citri journal Agric. Biol. Chem. volume 44 pages 1069&ndash 1074 cite journal author Kato K, Kawahara K, Takahashi T and Kakinuma A date 1980 title Substrate specificity of an alpha amino acid ester hydrolase from Xanthomonas citri journal Agric. Biol. Chem. volume 44 pages 1075&ndash 1081 cite journal author Takahashi T, Yamazaki Y, Kato K date 1974 title Substrate specificity of an alpha amino acid ester hydrolase produced by Acetobacter turbidans A.T.C.C. 9325 journal Biochem. J. volume 137 pages 497&ndash 503 pmid 4424889 issue 3 pmc 1166149 Category EC 3.1.1 Category Enzymes of known structure hydrolase stub ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE alpha Ketobutyric acid chembox verifiedrevid 443659318 Name Ketobutyric acid ImageFile Alpha ketobutyric acid.svg ImageSize ImageFile1 Alpha Ketobutyric acid.png ImageSize IUPACName 2 oxobutanoic acid OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C00109 InChI 1 C4H6O3 c1 2 3 5 4 6 7 h2H2,1H3, H,6,7 InChIKey TYEYBOSBBBHJIV UHFFFAOYAT ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 171246 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C4H6O3 c1 2 3 5 4 6 7 h2H2,1H3, H,6,7 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey TYEYBOSBBBHJIV UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 600 18 0 PubChem 58 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 57 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 30831 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank DB04553 SMILES O C C O O CC MeSHName Alpha ketobutyric acid Section2 Chembox ... of sotolon from alpha ketobutyric acid. ref Optimal Conditions for the Formation of Sotolon from .alpha. Ketobutyric Acid in the French Vin Jaune . Pham Thu Thuy, Guichard Elisabeth, Schlich Pascal ... acid is a product of the lysis of cystathionine . It is also one of the degradation products of threonine , produced by the catabolism of the amino acid by threonine dehydratase . It is also produced by the degradation of homocysteine and the metabolism of methionine . Ketobutyric acid is transported into the mitochondrial matrix, where it is converted to propionyl CoA by Branched Chain Alpha Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Complex . Further mitochondrial reactions produce succinyl CoA . This is first ... produces succinyl CoA which enters the citric acid cycle . ref http pathman.smpdb.ca pathways SMP00452 ... 10.1007 BF02275793 ref See also Butyric acid References reflist Amino acid metabolism intermediates DEFAULTSORT Ketobutyric acid, alpha Category Keto acids biochem stub de 2 Oxobutans ure fa fr Acide alpha c tobutyrique ja zh ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE alpha Cyano 4 hydroxycinnamic acid chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 446778754 Name Cyano 4 hydroxycinnamic acid ImageFile Cyanohydroxycinnamic acid.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName E 2 cyano 3 4 hydroxyphenyl prop 2 enoate OtherNames alpha cyano 4 hydroxycinnamic acid br alpha cyano 4 hydroxycinnamate br 2 cyano 4 hydroxycinnamate Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 28166 41 8 PubChem 6931228 SMILES C1 CC CC C1C C C N C O OH O Section2 Chembox Properties C 10 H 7 O 3 N 1 Appearance Yellow powder Density MeltingPt 245 250 C BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Cyano 4 hydroxycinnamic acid , also written as alpha cyano 4 hydroxycinnamic acid and abbreviated CHCA , is a cinnamic acid derivative and is a member of the phenylpropanoid family. It is used as a matrix for peptide s and nucleotides in Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization MALDI mass spectrometry analyses. ref cite journal title Cyano 4 hydroxycinnamic acid as a matrix for matrix assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry journal Org. Mass Spectrom. volume 27 issue 2 pages 156 8 year 1992 doi 10.1002 oms.1210270217 author Beavis, R. C. last2 Chaudhary first2 T. last3 Chait first3 B. T. ref See also Sinapinic acid References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Cyano 4 hydroxycinnamic acid, alpha Category Carboxylic acids Category Aromatic compounds Category Phenylpropanoids Category Nitriles fa ja 4 ru 4 ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE alpha Aminobutyric acid Chembox verifiedrevid 443377761 Name Aminobutyric acid ImageFile alpha aminobutyric acid.png ImageSize 180px IUPACName 2 Aminobutanoic acid OtherNames 2 Aminobutyric acid Aminobutanoic acid Ethylglycine Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 6405 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 8306QPJ19P InChI 1 C4H9NO2 c1 2 3 5 4 6 7 h3H,2,5H2,1H3, H,6,7 InChIKey QWCKQJZIFLGMSD UHFFFAOYAG ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 55242 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C4H9NO2 c1 2 3 5 4 6 7 h3H,2,5H2,1H3, H,6,7 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey QWCKQJZIFLGMSD UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 2835 81 6 PubChem 6657 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 35621 SMILES O C O C N CC Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 4 sub H sub 9 sub NO sub 2 sub MolarMass 103.12 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt pKa 2.55 carboxyl , 9.60 amino ref Dawson, R.M.C., et al., Data for Biochemical Research , Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959. ref Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Aminobutyric acid AABA is an isomer of the amino acid aminobutyric acid with chemical formula C sub 4 sub H sub 9 sub NO sub 2 sub . It has two other isomers, gamma aminobutyric acid GABA and beta aminobutyric acid . It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ophthalmic acid or ophthalmate, which was first isolated from calf lens. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Aminobutyric Acid, Alpha Category Amino acids Amine stub de Aminobutters ure fa it Acido alfa amminobutirrico ja pl Kwas aminomas owy pt cido alfa aminobut rico ru ... more details
Refimprove date September 2011 DISPLAYTITLE alpha Ketoglutaric acid chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 443659412 Name Ketoglutaric acid Reference ref Merck Index , 13th Edition, 5320 . ref ImageFile Alpha ketoglutaric acid.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName 2 Oxopentanedioic acid OtherNames 2 Ketoglutaric acid br alpha Ketoglutaric acid br 2 Oxoglutaric acid br Oxoglutaric acid Section1 Chembox ... Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank DB03806 SMILES O C O C O CCC O O MeSHName alpha ketoglutaric acid Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 5 sub H sub 6 sub O sub 5 sub MolarMass 146.11 ... FlashPt Autoignition Ketoglutaric acid is one of two ketone derivatives of glutaric acid . The term ketoglutaric acid, when not further qualified, almost always refers to the alpha variant. Acetonedicarboxylic acid Ketoglutaric acid varies only by the position of the ketone functional group ... biological compound. It is the keto acid produced by de amination of glutamate , and is an intermediate ... the oxygen level in its environment. In combination with molecular oxygen, alpha ketoglutarate ... 1 Collagen . Dietary supplement Ketoglutaric acid is sold as a dietary supplement and to body ... on studies that show excess ammonia in the body can combine with alpha ketoglutarate, reducing ... 144 ALPHA KETOGLUTARATE.aspx?activeIngredientId 144&activeIngredientName ALPHA KETOGLUTARATE Alpha Ketoglutarate , WebMD ref However, the only studies that show alpha ketoglutarate can reduce ... deamination of glutamate by glutamate dehydrogenase . Alpha ketoglutarate can be used to produce Creatine alpha ketoglutarate Interactive pathway map TCACycle WP78 highlight Alpha Ketoglutaric acid References Reflist Citric acid cycle Amino acid metabolism intermediates DEFAULTSORT Ketoglutaric Acid, Alpha Category Dicarboxylic acids Category Keto acids Category Citric acid cycle compounds cs 2 oxoglutar t da Alfa ketoglutarat de Ketoglutars ure fr Acide alpha c toglutarique gl cido alfa ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE alpha Phenylcinnamic acid Chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 404024540 Name Phenycinnamic acid ImageFile Alpha Phenylcinnamic acid.png ImageSize 150 ImageAlt Skeletal formula ImageFile1 Alpha Phenylcinnamic acid 3D balls.png ImageAlt1 Ball and stick model IUPACName 2 E 2,3 Diphenylprop 2 enoic acid OtherNames Phenylcinnamic acid, Phenylmethylene benzeneacetic acid, Phenyl trans cinnamic acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 610577 InChI 1 C15H12O2 c16 15 17 14 13 9 5 2 6 10 13 11 12 7 3 1 4 8 12 h1 11H, H,16,17 b14 11 InChIKey BIDDLDNGQCUOJQ SDNWHVSQBV SMILES1 O C O C C c1ccccc1 c2ccccc2 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C15H12O2 c16 15 17 14 13 9 5 2 6 10 13 11 12 7 3 1 4 8 12 h1 11H, H,16,17 b14 11 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey BIDDLDNGQCUOJQ SDNWHVSQSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 91 48 5 SMILES OC O C C C1 CC CC C1 C2 CC CC C2 Section2 Chembox Properties C 15 H 12 O 2 Appearance White to light yellow powder MeltingPt 172 174 C BoilingPt 224 225 C Solubility Slightly soluble Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards Irritant ref http msds.chem.ox.ac.uk PH alpha phenyl cinnamic acid.html ref Phenylcinnamic acid is a phenylpropanoid , or, more specifically, a derivative of cinnamic acid . It has the chemical formula formula ... reflist DEFAULTSORT Phenylcinnamic Acid, Alpha Category Aromatic acids ... search cas 91485.html ref . Uses Phenylcinnamic acid is frequently used as a compound ... phenylcinnamic acid. Some of the more popular methods of formation include the condensation ... of benzylmandelic acid , or by the reaction of sodium phenylacetate with benzaldehyde in acetic anhydride ... and Computational Tools for Mechanistic Study A Modified Perkin Condensation leading to Alpha Phenylcinnamic Acid Isomers author Istv n P link , B la T r k, Gyula Tasi, Tam s K rtv lyesi publisher ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE 15,16 Dihydroxy alpha eleostearic acid Chembox verifiedrevid 406475594 Name 15,16 Dihydroxy eleostearic acid ImageFile 15,16 Dihydroxy alpha eleostearic acid.svg ImageSize 200px ImageAlt IUPACName 9 Z ,11 E ,13 E 15,16 Dihydroxyoctadeca 9,11,13 trienoic acid OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 1083078 83 4 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS PubChem SMILES OC CCCCCCC C C C C C C C O C O CC O Section2 Chembox Properties C 18 H 30 O 4 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition 15,16 Dihydroxy eleostearic acid , or 15,16 Dihydroxy 9Z,11E,13E 9,11,13 octadecatrienoic acid , is an organic compound with formula chem C 18 H 30 O 4 , or H sub 3 sub C CH sub 2 sub CH OH sub 2 sub CH CH sub 3 sub CH sub 2 sub sub 7 sub C O OH. It can be seen as derived from alpha eleostearic acid eleostearic acid by the replacement of two hydrogen atoms by two hydroxyl OH groups. The compound is found in the pulp and seeds of bitter melon s the fruits of Momordica charantia . It has been found to induce apoptosis in HL60 leukemia cells in vitro at a concentration of 160 micromolar M , although it is less potent in this regard than the unsubstituted eleostearic acid also found in the seed oil . While eleostearic acid has been found to prevent carcinogenesis in rat s, this derivative does not seem to have that effect. ref name kob2008 Masuko Kobori, Mayumi Ohnishi Kameyama, Yukari Akimoto, Chizuko Yukizaki and Mitsuru Yoshida 2008 Eleostearic Acid and Its Dihydroxy Derivative Are MajorApoptosis Inducing Components of Bitter Gourd . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, volume 56, issue 22, pages 10515 10520. doi 10.1021 jf8020877 ref The compound can be extracted from the fruit with ethanol , and is soluble in ethyl acetate but not in water or acetone . See also alpha eleostearic acid Eleostearic acid References reflist DEFAULTSORT Dihydroxy alpha eleostearic acid, 15,16 Category Fatty acids ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE alpha Eleostearic acid chembox verifiedrevid 445131831 Name Eleostearic acid ImageFile Alpha eleostearic acid.svg ImageSize 200px ImageName Eleostearic acid IUPACName 9 Z ,11 E ,13 E Octadeca 9,11,13 trienoic acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ... also 15,16 Dihydroxy alpha eleostearic acid 15,16 Dihydroxy eleostearic acid References reflist DEFAULTSORT Eleostearic Acid, alpha Category Fatty acids cs Kyselina alfa eleostearov lv Eleostear nsk be ... 97 issue 1 pages 1 9 ref Eleostearic acid or 9 Z ,11 E ,13 E octadeca 9,11,13 trienoic acid , is an organic compound , a conjugated fatty acids conjugated linolenic acid and one of the isomer s of octadecatrienoic acid . It is often called simply eleostearic acid although there is also a beta eleostearic acid eleostearic acid the all trans or 9 E ,11 E ,13 E isomer The acid makes up approximately ... fatty acid degree of unsaturation gives tung oil its properties as a drying oil . Biochemical properties Image bittermelonfruit.jpg thumb left Eleostearic acid makes up about 60 of the fatty acids from bitter gourd oil. In their pioneering work on essential fatty acid s, Burr, Burr and Miller compared the nutritional properties of eleostearic acid ELA to that of its isomer alpha linolenic acid ALA . ALA relieved essential fatty acid deficiency ELA did not. ref name Burr In rats, eleostearic acid is converted to a conjugated linoleic acid . ref name Tsuzuki cite journal url http jn.nutrition.org ... issue 8 pages 2153 9. title Conjugated linolenic acid is slowly absorbed in rat intestine, but quickly converted to conjugated linoleic acid author Tsuzuki T, Kawakami Y, Abe R, et al. accessdate 2007 ... Kameyama, Yukari Akimoto, Chizuko Yukizaki and Mitsuru Yoshida 2008 Eleostearic Acid and Its Dihydroxy ... 0.01 bitter gourd seed oil 0.006 as eleostearic acid were found to prevent azoxymethane induced ..., T. Tanaka 2004 , Dietary seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acid from bitter melon inhibits ... more details
Use dmy dates date April 2012 Distinguish linoleic acid About alpha linolenic acid Linolenic acid disambiguation Linolenic acid lowercase chembox verifiedrevid 477319349 Name Linolenic acid ImageFile ALAnumbering.png ImageSize 250px ImageFile1 Linolenic acid 3D vdW.png ImageSize1 250px OtherNames ALA Linolenic acid cis , cis , cis 9,12,15 Octadecatrienoic acid 9 Z ,12 Z ,15 Z 9,12,15 Octadecatrienoic acid 9 Z ,12 Z ,15 Z octadeca 9,12,15 trienoic acid ref cite journal last1 Loreau first1 O last2 ... carbon from the methyl end of the fatty acid chain, known as the n end. Thus, linolenic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid polyunsaturated omega 3 fatty acid n 3 omega 3 fatty acid. It is an isomer of gamma linolenic acid , a polyunsaturated omega 6 fatty acid n 6 omega 6 fatty acid. History Alpha linolenic acid was first isolated by Rollett ref cite journal author Rollett, A. journal ... preparation of Z,Z 1,4 dienic units with a new C6 homologating agent synthesis of alpha linolenic acid ... PC title Conversion of alpha linolenic acid to longer chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human adults ... IA last2 Katan first2 MB last3 Zock first3 PL title Dietary alpha linolenic acid is associated ... shown a relationship between alpha linolenic acid ALA , which is abundant in linseed oil, and an increased ... Boffetta first3 P last4 Ronco first4 A last5 Mendilaharsu first5 M title Alpha linolenic acid and risk ... last2 Chen first2 YH last3 Bent first3 S title The relation of alpha linolenic acid to the risk of prostate ... 10.3945 ajcn.111.011817 pmc 3095504 ref Stability and Hydrogenation Alpha linolenic acid is relatively ... acid, 9Z,12Z,15E 1 13 C octadeca 9,12,15 trienoic acid and their 1 13 C all cis isomers journal ... Section2 Chembox Properties C 18 H 30 O 2 Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Linolenic acid is an organic ... of organic chemistry structure , it is named all cis 9,12,15 octadecatrienoic acid. ref name ... literature, it is given the name 18 3 n 3 . Linolenic acid is a carboxylic acid with an 18 ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE alpha Parinaric acid chembox verifiedrevid 443380378 ImageFile alpha Parinaric acid.png ImageSize 300px Name &alpha Parinaric acid IUPACName 9 Z ,11 E ,13 E ,15 Z octadeca 9,11,13,15 tetraenoic acid OtherNames cis parinaric acid br parinaric acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID ... W, Zucolotto M. 1996 . Identification of alpha parinaric acid in the seed oil of Sebastiana brasiliensis ... ref References reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Parinaric acid, alpha Category Fatty acids fa ... Parinaric acid is a conjugated fatty acid conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid . Discovered by Tsujimoto and Koyanagi in 1933, ref Tsujimoto M, Koyanagi H. 1933 . New unsaturated acid in the kernel ... double bond structure of parinaric acid distinguishes it structurally and chemically from the usual methylene interrupted arrangement of polyunsaturated fatty acid s that have double bonds and single ... by the alternating double bonds, parinaric acid is commonly used as a molecular probe in the study of biological membranes biomembranes . Natural sources Parinaric acid occurs naturally in the seeds ... seeds contain about 46 parinaric acid, 34 eleostearic acid as major components, with lesser amounts of saturated fatty acid s, oleic acid and linoleic acid . ref Hilditch TP et al. 1964 . The Chemical Constitution of Natural Fats, Fourth Edition. pg. 253. ref Parinaric acid is also found ... of Impatiens balsamina are 4.7 palmitic acid , 5.8 stearic acid , 2.8 arachidic acid , 18.3 oleic acid, 9.2 linoleic acid, 30.1 linolenic acid and 29.1 parinaric acid. ref name isbn0 8342 1342 7 cite book author Gunstone F.D. title Fatty Acid and Lipid Chemistry publisher Springer Verlag location ... Synthesis Biosynthesis The biochemical mechanism by which parinaric acid is formed in the plant ... a conjugase . This enzyme is related to the family of fatty acid desaturase enzymes responsible ... double bonds production of fatty acid components of high value drying oils in transgenic soybean embryos ... more details
PBB geneid 2548 Lysosomal alpha glucosidase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GAA gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene GAA glucosidase, alphaacid Pompe disease, glycogen storage disease type II url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 2548 accessdate ref Errors in this gene cause glycogen storage disease type II Pompe disease . The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text This gene encodes acidalpha glucosidase , which is essential for the degradation of glycogen to glucose in lysosome s. Different forms of acidalpha glucosidase are obtained by proteolytic processing. Defects in this gene are the cause of glycogen storage disease type II glycogen storage disease II , also known as Pompe disease, which is an autosomal recessive disorder with a broad clinical spectrum. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. ref name entrez References reflist External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf br.fcgi?book gene&part gsd2 GeneReview NIH UW entry on Glycogen Storage Disease ... S, et al. title Sequence of the cDNA and 5 flanking region for human acidalpha glucosidase, detection ... R title Identification of the base pair substitution responsible for a human acidalpha glucosidase ... MM, et al. title Glycogenosis type II acid maltase deficiency . journal Muscle Nerve volume 3 issue ... L, vander Heyden N, Dedera D title Inhibition of HIV and SIV infectivity by blockade of alpha glucosidase ... author Hermans MM, Kroos MA, van Beeumen J, et al. title Human lysosomal alpha glucosidase. Characterization ... of a point mutation in the human lysosomal alpha glucosidase gene causing infantile glycogenosis ... with previous cDNA and amino acid sequences journal DNA Cell Biol. volume 9 issue 2 pages 85 ... lysosomal alpha glucosidase gene journal Biochem. J. volume 272 issue 2 pages 493 7 year ... more details
PBB geneid 5914 Retinoic acid receptor alpha RAR , also known as NR1B1 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 ... url issn ref Interactions Retinoic acid receptor alpha has been shown to Protein protein interaction ... ML title SMRT corepressor interacts with PLZF and with the PML retinoic acid receptor alpha RARalpha ... alpha, a promiscuous partner of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors journal EMBO J. volume ... and transcriptional properties of two classes of retinoic acid receptor alpha fusion proteins in acute ... acid receptor alpha gene to a novel transcribed locus. journal Nature volume 347 issue 6293 ... M, Chambon P title Characterization of a functional promoter for the human retinoic acid receptor alpha ... Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha Category Intracellular receptors Category Transcription factors ... for the morphogen retinoic acid journal Nature volume 330 issue 6149 pages 624 9 year 1987 pmid 2825036 ... by 2 families of nuclear receptors, retinoic acid receptor retinoic acid receptor RAR and retinoid ... Entrez Gene retinoic acid receptor url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch ... acid receptor and its inhibition of retinoic acid induced apoptosis in cancer cells journal J ... acid receptors, modulating their activity in the presence of cellular retinoic acid binding protein ... Identification of nuclear receptor corepressor as a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha ... F, Ivins S, Zhu J, S derstr m M, Waxman S, Zelent A title Reduced retinoic acid sensitivities ... leukemia fusion protein, with retinoic acid receptor and STAT3 signaling pathways journal Blood ... interacting protein 140 on coregulator binding to retinoic acid receptor complexes, histone ... month November pmid 10610177 doi 10.1038 15463 url issn ref Retinoid X receptor alpha RXRA . ref ... title Retinoic acid receptors inhibit AP1 activation by regulating extracellular signal regulated kinase ... MH, Formstecher P, Lefebvre P title PLZF is a negative regulator of retinoic acid receptor transcriptional ... more details
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