distinguish Alternant matrix In mathematics , an alternatingsignmatrix is a square matrix of 0s, 1s, and &minus 1s such that the sum of each row and column is 1 and the nonzero entries in each row and column alternate in sign. These matrices arise naturally when using Dodgson condensation to compute a determinant. They are also closely related to the six vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions from statistical mechanics . They were first defined by William Mills, David P. Robbins David Robbins , and Howard Rumsey in the former context. For example, the permutation matrices are alternatingsign matrices, as is math begin bmatrix 0&0&1&0 1&0&0&0 0&1& 1&1 0&0&1&0 end bmatrix . math The alternatingsignmatrix conjecture states that the number of math n times n math alternatingsign matrices is math prod k 0 n 1 frac 3k 1 n k frac 1 4 7 cdots 3n 2 n n 1 cdots 2n 1 . math This conjecture was first proved by Doron Zeilberger in 1992. In 1995, Greg Kuperberg gave a short proof based on the Yang Baxter equation for the six vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions, that uses ... M. and Propp, James, http www.ams.org notices 199906 fea bressoud.pdf How the alternatingsignmatrix ... Volume 3 Abstracts v3i2r13.html Proof of the alternatingsignmatrix conjecture , http www.combinatorics.org ... 8000 j 1996 2 4.pdf Proof of the refined alternatingsignmatrix conjecture , New York Journal ... Alternatingsignmatrix entry in MathWorld Category Matrices Category Enumerative combinatorics eo ... Kuperberg, Greg , http front.math.ucdavis.edu math.CO 9712207 Another proof of the alternatingsignmatrix conjecture , International Mathematics Research Notes 1996 , 139 150. Mills, William ... model with different boundary conditions and symmetry classes of alternatingsign matrices , Theor ... , 66 1982 , 73 87. Mills, William H., Robbins, David P., and Rumsey, Howard, Jr., Alternatingsign matrices and descending plane partitions, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A , 34 1983 ... more details
Orphan date January 2012 Refimprove date November 2009 In mathematics , a higher spin alternatingsignmatrix is a generalisation of the alternatingsignmatrix ASM , where the columns and rows sum to an integer r the spin rather than simply summing to 1 as in the usual alternatingsignmatrix definition. HSASMs are square matrices whose elements may be integers in the range &minus r to r . When traversing any row or column of an ASM or HSASM, the partial sum of its entries must always be non negative. ref name ecomjournal http www.combinatorics.org Volume 14 PDF v14i1r83.pdf R. E. Behrend and V. A. Knight, Higher Spin AlternatingSign Matrices , The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics , 14 2007 , R83 ref High spin ASMs have found application in statistical mechanics and physics , where they have been found to represent symmetry group s in ice crystal formation. Some typical examples of HSASMs are shown below math begin pmatrix 0 & 0 & 2 & 0 0 & 2 & 1 & 1 2 & 1 & 2 & 1 0 & 1 & 1 & 2 end pmatrix quad begin pmatrix 0 & 0 & 2 & 0&0 0 & 1 & 1 & 2 &0 2 & 1 & 1 & 0 &2 0 & 0 & 2 & 0 &0 0&2&0&0&0 end pmatrix quad begin pmatrix 0 & 0 & 0 & 2 0 & 2 & 0 & 0 2 & 2 & 2 & 0 0 & 2 & 0 & 0 end pmatrix quad begin pmatrix 0 & 2 & 0 & 0 0 & 0 & 0 & 2 2 & 0 & 0 & 0 0 & 0 & 2 & 0 end pmatrix . math The set of HSASMs is a superset of the ASMs. The extreme points of the convex hull of the set of r spin HSASMs are themselves integer multiples of the usual ASMs. See also Sudoku References references DEFAULTSORT Higher Spin AlternatingSignMatrix Category Matrices Category Statistical mechanics Category Enumerative combinatorics combin stub ... more details
Alternating may refer to In mathematics alternating form alternating group alternating series alternating knot alternating map In electronics alternating current See also Alternate bass Alternative disambiguation disambig ... more details
Alternating Currents may refer to Alternating Currents collection , a collection of science fiction stories by Frederik Pohl Alternating Currents album Alternating Currents album , an album by Spyro Gyra Alternating current dab ... more details
,x n,y 1, dots,y t math is said to be alternating in math x 1, dots,x n math if it changes sign if one ... The basic alternating polynomial is the Vandermonde polynomial math v n prod 1 le i j le n x j x i . math This is clearly alternating, as switching two variables changes the sign of one term ... math x 3 x 1 math with math x 3 x 2 math , but does not change their sign. ref The alternating ... are the trivial representation, and the alternating polynomials are the sign representation. Formally, the scalar span of any symmetric resp., alternating polynomial is a trivial resp., sign representation ...In algebra, an alternating polynomial is a polynomial math f x 1, dots,x n math such that if one switches any two of the variables, the polynomial changes sign math f x 1, dots,x j, dots,x i, dots,x n ... changes in value by the sign of a permutation sign of the permutation math f left x sigma 1 , dots ... and alternating polynomials in the same variables math x 1, dots,x n math behave thus the product of two symmetric polynomials is symmetric, the product of a symmetric polynomial and an alternating polynomial is alternating, and the product of two alternating polynomials is symmetric. This is exactly the addition table for parity mathematics parity , with symmetric corresponding to even and alternating corresponding to odd . Thus, the direct sum of the spaces of symmetric and alternating ... are the even part, and the alternating polynomials are the odd part. This grading is unrelated to the grading of polynomials by degree of a polynomial degree . In particular, alternating polynomials ... ring mathematics ring is 2, there is no difference between the two concepts the alternating ... s math where math s math is symmetric. This is because math v n math is a factor of every alternating polynomial math x j x i math is a factor of every alternating polynomial, as if math x i x j math ... , math so math x j x i math is a factor , and thus math v n math is a factor. an alternating polynomial ... more details
, a compact hatchback sold in North America Matrixsign , an electronic traffic sign Other uses Matrix ...wiktionary Matrix may refer to TOCright Math and science Matrix mathematics , a rectangular array of numbers, symbols or expressions Matrix biology , the material or tissue between cells in which more specialized structures are embedded Matrix chemical analysis , the non analyte components of a sample Matrix geology , the fine grained material in which larger objects are embedded Harris matrix , an archeological tool Metal matrix , material used in a metal matrix composite Matrix isolation , an experimental technique in chemistry and physics Film and television The Matrix franchise The Matrix franchise , a science fiction franchise The Matrix , the first film in the franchise The Matrix Music from the Motion Picture , a soundtrack album Matrix TV series Matrix TV series Matrix Doctor Who Matrix Doctor Who , a computer system Matrix, a ReBoot character John Matrix, a Commando film Commando character Music and audio Matrix music , an unchanging element of variations Matrix artist , a British DJ Matrix jazz group The Matrix production team M rix , an album by P.A.L. Clave matrix Keyboard matrix circuit Matrix decoder , a technology for converting audio channels Matrix or matrix master , a master disc used in the production of gramophone records Matrix , a song by Chick Corea on the album Now He Sings, Now He Sobs Comics and literature Matrix comics , a DC Comics character Matrix Doctor Who novel Matrix Doctor Who novel , by Robert Perry and Mike Tucker Matrix of Leadership , a Transformers plot element Matrix, a Neuromancer plot element Business and law MATRIX Northern Ireland Science Industry Panel Matrix Business Technologies , a telecommunications firm Matrix Chambers , a barristers set Matrix Games , an American video game publisher founded 1999 Matrix management , an organizational management style Matrix Partners , a private equity investment firm Matrix Software , a Japanese ... more details
In mathematics , an alternating factorial is the absolute value of the alternating sum of the first n factorial s. This is the same as their sum, with the odd indexed factorials multiplied by 1 number &minus 1 if n is even, and the even indexed factorials multiplied by &minus 1 if n is odd, resulting in an alternation of signs of the summands or alternation of addition and subtraction operators, if preferred . To put it algebraically, math mathrm af n sum i 1 n 1 n i i math or with the recurrence relation math mathrm af n n mathrm af n 1 math in which af 1 1. The first few alternating factorials are 1, 1 number 1 , 5 number 5 , 19 number 19 , 101 number 101 , 619, 4421, 35899, 326981, 3301819, 36614981, 442386619, 5784634181, 81393657019 OEIS id A005165 For example, the third alternating factorial is 1 &minus 2 3 . The fourth alternating factorial is &minus 1 2 3 4 19. Regardless of the parity of n , the last n sup th sup summand, n , is given a positive sign, the n 1 sup th sup summand is given a negative sign, and the signs of the lower indexed summands are alternated accordingly. This pattern of alternation ensures the resulting sums are all positive integers. Changing the rule so that either the odd or even indexed summands are given negative signs regardless of the parity of n changes the signs of the resulting sums but not their absolute values. Miodrag Zivkovi proved in 1999 that there are only a finite number of alternating factorials that are also prime number s, since 3612703 divides af 3612702 and therefore divides af n for all n &ge 3612702. As of 2006 , the known primes and probable prime s are af n for OEIS id A001272 n 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, 19, 41, 59, 61, 105, 160, 661, 2653, 3069, 3943, 4053, 4998, 8275, 9158, 11164 Only the values up to n 661 have been proved prime in 2006. af 661 is approximately 7.818097272875 × 10 sup 1578 sup . References MathWorld urlname AlternatingFactorial title Alternating Factorial Yves Gallot, http perso.wanadoo.fr ... more details
Image Knot 8sb19.svg right thumb 250px One of three non alternating knots with Crossing number knot theory crossing number 8 In knot theory , a knot mathematics link diagram is alternating if the crossings alternate under, over, under, over, as you travel along each component of the link. A link is alternating if it has an alternating diagram. Many of the knots with crossing number less than 10 are alternating. This fact and useful properties of alternating knots, such as the Tait conjectures, was what ... or omissions. The simplest non alternating prime knot s have 8 Crossing number knot theory crossings ... of knots that are alternating goes to 0 exponentially quickly. Alternating links end up having an important ... useful and interesting geometric and topological properties. This led Ralph Fox to ask, What is an alternating ... characterize alternating knots. Various geometric and topological information is revealed in an alternating .... The Crossing number knot theory crossing number of a reduced, alternating diagram is the crossing number of the knot. This last is one of the celebrated Tait Conjectures. An alternating knot ... The Tait conjectures are Any reduced knot diagram diagram of an alternating link has the fewest possible Crossing number knot theory crossings . Any two reduced knot diagram diagrams of the same alternating knot mathematics knot have the same writhe . Given any two reduced knot diagram alternating diagrams D sub 1 sub and D sub 2 sub of an oriented, prime alternating link D sub 1 sub may be transformed ... that any prime, non split alternating link is hyperbolic link hyperbolic , i.e. the link complement ... of many alternating links. Marc Lackenby has shown that the volume has upper and lower linear bounds as functions of the number of twist regions of a reduced, alternating diagram. References reflist ... in alternating knot and link complements . Topology 23 1984 , no. 1, 37 44. Marc Lackenby, The volume of hyperbolic alternating link complements. With an appendix by Ian Agol and Dylan Thurston. Proc ... more details
Alternating hemiplegia refers to a form of hemiplegia that has an ipsilateral and contralateral presentation in different parts of the body. The disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of paralysis on one side of the body. ref name NINDS Info Page http www.ninds.nih.gov disorders alternatinghemiplegia alternatinghemiplegia.htm at http www.ninds.nih.gov index.htm . ref This type of syndrome can result from a unilateral lesion in the brainstem affecting both upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. The muscles that would receive signals from these damaged upper motor neurons result in spastic paralysis. With a lesion in the brainstem, this affects the majority of limb and trunk muscles on the contralateral side due to the upper motor neurons decussation after the brainstem. The cranial nerves and cranial nerve nuclei are also located in the brainstem making them susceptible to damage from a brainstem lesion. Cranial nerves III Oculomotor , VI Abducens , and XII Hypoglossal are most often associated with this syndrome given their close proximity with the pyramidal tract, the location which upper motor neurons are in on their way to the spinal cord. Damages to these structures produce the ipsilateral presentation of paralysis or palsy due to the lack of cranial nerve decussation aside from the trochlear nerve before innervating their target muscles. The paralysis may be brief or it may last for several days, many times the episodes will resolve after sleep. Some common symptoms of alternating hemiplegia are mental impairment, gait and balance difficulties, excessive sweating and changes in body temperature. ref name NINDS Info Page Treatment A drug called flunarizine, which is a calcium channel blocker can help to reduce the severity and the length of attacks of the paralysis. ref name NINDS Info Page References Reflist More specifically, the term can refer to Alternating ... syndrome Lesions of spinal cord and brain DEFAULTSORT Alternating Hemiplegia Category Neurological ... more details
Refimprove date January 2010 In mathematics , an alternating series is an infinite series of the form math sum n 0 infty 1 n ,a n, math with a sub n sub 0 or a sub n sub 0 for all n . Like any series, an alternating Convergent series series converges if and only if the associated sequence of partial sums Limit of a sequence converges . Alternating series test main alternating series test The theorem known as Leibniz Test or the alternating series test tells us that an alternating series will converge if the terms a sub n sub converge to 0 monotonic function monotonically . Proof Suppose the sequence math a n math converges to zero and is monotone decreasing. If math m math is odd and math m n math , we obtain the estimate math S m S n a m 1 math via the following calculation math begin align S m S n & displaystyle left sum k 0 m 1 k ,a k , , sum k 0 n , 1 k ,a k right displaystyle left sum k m 1 n , 1 k ,a k right & a m 1 a m 2 a m 3 a m 4 cdots a n & displaystyle a m 1 a m 2 a m 3 a m 4 a m 5 cdots a n a m 1 end align math Since math a n math is monotonically decreasing, the terms math a m a m 1 math are negative. Thus, we have the final inequality math S m S n a m 1 math . Since math a m 1 math converges to math 0 math , our partial sums math S m math form a cauchy sequence i.e. the series satisfies the cauchy convergence criterion for series and therefore converge. The argument for math m math even is similar. Approximating sums The estimate above does not depend on math ... series math sum n 1 infty frac 1 n , math diverges, while the alternating version math sum n 1 infty frac 1 n 1 n , math converges by the Alternating series Alternating series test alternating series ... In practice, the numerical summation of an alternating series may be sped up using any one of a variety ... Rice integral Series mathematics References MathWorld title Alternating Series urlname AlternatingSeries Notes reflist DEFAULTSORT Alternating Series Category Calculus Category Mathematical series Category ... more details
Groups Refimprove date January 2008 In mathematics , an alternating group is the group mathematics group of even permutation s of a finite set . The alternating group on the set 1,..., n is called the alternating group of degree n , or the alternating group on n letters and denoted by A sub n sub or Alt n . Basic properties For n 1, the group A sub n sub is the commutator subgroup of the symmetric group S sub n sub with Index of a subgroup index 2 and has therefore factorial n 2 elements. It is the kernel algebra kernel of the signature group homomorphism sgn S sub n sub 1, &minus 1 explained under symmetric group . The group A sub n sub is abelian group abelian if and only if n 3 and simple group simple if and only if n 3 or n 5. Note A3 is in fact a simple group of order 3. A1 and A2 are groups of order 1, so not usually called simple, and A4 has a non identity proper normal subgroup so is not simple. A sub 5 sub is the smallest non abelian simple group , having order 60, and the smallest ... of the symmetric and alternating groups align right cellspacing 2 bgcolor A0E0A0 math n math ... some of the small alternating groups and small groups of Lie type , particularly projective ... points 4 cycles in orange style vertical align top File Alternating group 4 Cayley table numbers.svg thumb 350px Cayley table of the alternating group A sub 4 sub br Elements ... Cycle graph algebra Cycle graph of S sub 4 sub style vertical align top File Alternating ... the whole group. Group homology see also Symmetric group Homology The group homology of the alternating ... main Covering groups of the alternating and symmetric groups The Schur multiplier s of the alternating ... Chapter 2 Alternating groups chapterurl http www.maths.qmul.ac.uk raw fsgs files alt.ps postscript ... 8 year 1987 Refend External links mathworld urlname AlternatingGroup title Alternating group mathworld urlname AlternatingGroupGraph title Alternating group graph DEFAULTSORT Alternating Group Category ... more details
About the 1999 film the franchise it initiated The Matrix franchise other uses Infobox film name The Matrix image The Matrix Poster.jpg caption Theatrical release poster director ubl The Wachowskis Andy ... name boxoffice The Matrix is a 1999 American science fiction film science fiction action film written ... sequels, and the The Matrix franchise Matrix franchise was further expanded through the production ... source. Upon learning this, computer programmer Neo The Matrix Neo is drawn into a rebellion against ... detail to this summary. Computer programmer Neo The Matrix Thomas Anderson Keanu Reeves is secretly ... references to the Matrix appearing on his computer. A female hacker named Trinity The Matrix Trinity Carrie Anne Moss confirms that a man named Morpheus The Matrix Morpheus Laurence Fishburne can help him however, three sinister Agent The Matrix Agents , led by Agent Smith Hugo Weaving , arrest ... energy of humans, who are kept docile within the Matrix, a simulated reality of the world as it was in 1999. Morpheus and his crew belong to a group of free humans who unplug others from the Matrix ... within the Matrix by using their understanding of its true nature to manipulate its physical law s. Neo is warned that fatal injuries within the Matrix will also kill one s physical body, and that the Agents ... the Matrix to visit the Oracle The Matrix Oracle Gloria Foster , who predicted the emergence of the One ... escape. Their ally Cypher The Matrix Cypher Joe Pantoliano had betrayed them, making a deal for a permanent return to the comfortable life of the Matrix in exchange for giving Morpheus to the Agents. Cypher murders three crew members before he is killed by Tank The Matrix Tank Marcus Chong . The Agents ... in Zion The Matrix Zion , the humans subterranean refuge in the real world. Neo and Trinity return to the Matrix and rescue their leader in the process, Neo becomes more confident in his ability to manipulate the Matrix, ultimately dodging bullets fired at him. Morpheus and Trinity use a telephone ... more details
More footnotes date April 2009 File Types of current.svg thumb Alternating Current green curve . The horizontal axis measures time the vertical, current or voltage. In alternating current AC , also ac ... simply alternating and direct , as when they modify Electric current current or voltage . ref cite ... frequency radio signals carried on electrical wires are also examples of alternating current. In these applications ... pat373035.pdf US patent 373035 The first alternator to produce alternating current was a Dynamo ... current. The earliest recorded practical application of alternating current is by Guillaume Duchenne ... in the success of alternating current power distribution early on, and was one of the few experts ... electricity efficiently over long distances even though Edison attempted to discredit alternating ... States using three phase alternating current was at the Mill Creek No. 1 Hydroelectric Plant ... distribution grid 3000 V 110 V included six transforming stations. Alternating current circuit ... to the theoretical basis of alternating current calculations include Charles Steinmetz , James ... deliver power from electric generation plants over long distances using alternating current. These lines ... with the more common alternating current systems as a means for the efficient bulk transmission ... section of a uniform wire. An alternating current of any frequency is forced away from the wire s center, toward its outer surface. This is because the acceleration of an electric charge in an alternating ... above, an alternating current is made of electric charge under periodic acceleration , which ... to the space outside the waveguide. Waveguides have dimensions comparable to the wavelength of the alternating ... line represents the root mean square RMS value at about 0.707 Alternating currents are accompanied or caused by alternating voltages. An AC voltage v can be described mathematically as a function mathematics ... History with AC , IEEE Power Engineering Review, February 1997, Pages 22 24 External links Alternating ... more details
one source date October 2011 Family law Alternating custody , also known as serial custody or shared custody , is an arrangement in which children live for long periods of time with one parent, and then spend a similar amount of time with the other parent. ref name Child Custody Made Simple cite book author Webster Watnik title Child Custody Made Simple Understanding the Laws of Child Custody and Child Support url http books.google.com books?id DrFXX8H1NT8C&pg PA17 accessdate 25 September 2011 date April 2003 publisher Single Parent Press isbn 978 0 9649404 3 7 pages 16 38 ref The primary difference between alternating custody and joint custody is that in alternating custody , the parent that currently has the child also retains sole authority over the child children for the duration that the child children are with said parent. ref name Child Custody Made Simple The general reason for using this arrangement rather than a more commonly used arrangement is that the parents tend to live too far away from each other to allow for other arrangements to be feasible. ref name Child Custody Made Simple Other forms of custody Sole custody is an arrangement whereby only one parent has physical and legal custody of a child. Joint custody is an arrangement whereby both parents have legal custody and or both parents have physical custody. Split custody is an arrangement whereby one parent has full time custody over some children, and the other parent has full custody over the other children. Third party custody is an arrangement in whereby the children do not remain with either biological parent, and are placed under the custody of a third person. Bird s nest custody is an arrangement whereby the parents go back and forth from a residence in which the child children reside, placing the burden of upheaval and movement on the parents rather than the child children. See also Divorce Family law Family court Legal custody Parens patriae Parenting plan Physical custody Shared parenting ... more details
distinguish alternating group In combinatorics combinatorial mathematics , an alternating permutation of the set 1, 2, 3, ..., n is an arrangement of those numbers into an order c sub 1 sub , ..., c sub n sub such that no element c sub i sub is between c sub i &minus 1 sub and c sub i 1 sub for any value of i and c sub 1 sub < c sub 2 sub . In other words, c sub i sub c sub i 1 sub if i is odd and c sub i sub c sub i 1 sub if i is even. For example, the five alternating permutations of 1, 2, 3, 4 are 1, 3, 2, 4 because 1 3 2 4 1, 4, 2, 3 because 1 4 2 3 2, 3, 1, 4 because 2 3 1 4 2, 4, 1, 3 because 2 4 1 3 3, 4, 1, 2 because 3 4 1 2 This type of permutation was first studied by D sir Andr in the 19th century. ref Jessica Millar, N.J.A. Sloane, Neal E. Young, http arxiv.org abs math 0205218v3 A New Operation on Sequences the Boustrouphedon Transform J. Combinatorial Theory, Series A 76 1 44 54 1996 ref If the condition c sub 1 sub < c sub 2 sub is dropped, so we only require that no element c sub i sub is between c sub i &minus 1 sub and c sub i 1 sub , then the permutation is called a zigzag permutation . By exchanging ... > c sub 2 sub can be paired uniquely with an alternating permutation. Related integer sequences The determination of the number, A sub n sub , of alternating permutations of the set 1, ..., n is called ... ki kk math See also Boustrophedon transform Fence mathematics , partially ordered sets that have alternating ... sur les permutations altern es. J. Math. 7, 167&ndash 184, 1881. Further reading MathWorld title Alternating ... more details
The Sign can refer to An alternate name for the album Happy Nation , by the Swedish dance pop group Ace of Base The Sign song The Sign song , a 1993 hit from this album The Sign band , a rock group The Sign Northern Irish Boyband disambig it The Sign ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2008 distinguish sine Other uses selfref For how to sign your posts on Wikipedia talk pages, see Wikipedia Signatures . File Biohazard.svg thumb This biohazard sign is a completely conventional symbol with no inherent relationship to what it represents. A sign is a representation of an object that implies a connection between itself and its object. A natural sign bears a causal relation to its object for instance, thunder is a sign of storm. A conventional sign signifies by agreement ... for another thing, as a flag may be a symbol of a nation . File Door sign.JPG thumb Door sign The way a sign signifies is called semiosis which is a topic of semiotics and philosophy of language . How a sign is perceived depends upon what is intended or expressed in the semiotic relationship of Signification ... of things There are things that are just things, not any sign at all There are things that are also ... Pedestrian crossing sign Thus there are things which may act as signs without any respect to the human ... and patterns of signification may have a decisive value. Types A sign can denote any of the following ... racially segregated beach. Sign, in astrology often used to mean the Sun signSign or signing, in communication communicating via hand gesture s, such as in sign language . Gang signal Sign, in Tracking ... . A sign, in common use, is an indication that a previously observed event is about to occur again Sign, in divination and religion an omen , an event or occurrence believed to foretell the future Sign, in ontology and spirituality a coincidence see synchronicity Sign linguistics a combination of a concept and a sound image described by Ferdinand de Saussure In mathematics , the sign mathematics sign of a number tells whether it is positive and negative numbers positive or negative . Also, the sign ... of a number has one bit, the sign bit, which denotes whether the number is non negative or negative. A number is called signed if it contains a sign bit, otherwise unsigned. See also signed ... more details
distinguish Login This article is not an appropriate location to add random trivia about the sign on details for every broadcaster from around the world. If you have valid references for such information then you may consider adding it to the article on the individual station. Please do not recompile a list of such information here. Unref date May 2011 Sign on or startup is the term used to describe the beginning of operations for a radio station radio or television station , generally at the start of each day. It is the opposite to a sign off or closedown which generally takes place at the end of the day. Overview Sign ons, like sign offs, vary from country to country, from station to station, and from time to time, however most follow a similar general pattern. Many stations follow the reverse process to their sign off sequence at the close of the day. It is common for sign ons to be followed ... television breakfast show . While both sign ons and sign offs have become less common with the increasing ... sign on typically occurring between 5 00 am and 7 00 am. However, in some countries with more limited broadcast coverage, such as North Korea , sign on may be as late as 5 00 pm. A particular type of AM ... hours, and will therefore run a sign on sequence each day. Sign on sequence The sign on sequence ... be broadcast fifteen to twenty minutes before the actual sign on. A signal to turn on remote transmitter ..., such as the call sign , Transmitter power output transmitter power , broadcast translator translators ... , and on Religious broadcasting religious broadcasters . For example sign ons in Cambodia , Thailand ... channel , Amplitude modulation AM or Frequency modulation FM frequency , call sign , brand ing, and a clock ... clips featuring station programming or personalities. While most of these sign off steps are done ... TV Ark http www.tv signoffs.com TV Signoffs.com J. Alan Wall s site featuring sign offs and sign ... Up Blog A blog devoted to sign ons and sign offs from around the world DEFAULTSORT Sign On Category ... more details
distinguish alternatingsignmatrix In linear algebra , an alternant matrix , is a matrix math matrix with a particular structure, in which successive columns have a particular function applied to their entries. An alternant determinant is the determinant of an alternant matrix. Such a matrix of size m × n matrix may be written out as math M begin bmatrix f 1 alpha 1 & f 2 alpha 1 & dots & f n alpha 1 f 1 alpha 2 & f 2 alpha 2 & dots & f n alpha 2 f 1 alpha 3 & f 2 alpha 3 & dots & f n alpha 3 vdots & vdots & ddots & vdots f 1 alpha m & f 2 alpha m & dots & f n alpha m end bmatrix math or more succinctly math M i,j f j alpha i math for all indices i and j . Some authors use the transpose of the above matrix. Examples of alternant matrices include Vandermonde matrix Vandermonde matrices , for which math f i alpha alpha i 1 math and Moore matrices for which math f i alpha alpha q i 1 math . If math n m math and the math f j x math functions are all polynomials we have some additional results if math alpha i alpha j math for any math i j math then the determinant of any alternant matrix is zero as a row is then repeated , thus math alpha j alpha i math divides the determinant for all math 1 leq i j leq n math . As such, if we take math V begin bmatrix 1 & alpha 1 & dots & alpha 1 n 1 1 & alpha 2 & dots & alpha 2 n 1 1 & alpha 3 & dots & alpha 3 n 1 vdots & vdots & ddots & vdots 1 & alpha n & dots & alpha n n 1 end bmatrix math a Vandermonde matrix then math prod i j alpha j alpha i det V math divides such polynomial alternant determinants. The ratio math frac det M det V math is called a bialternant. In the case where each function math f j x x m j math , this forms the classical definition of the Schur polynomial s. Alternant matrices are used in coding theory in the construction of alternant code s. See also List of matrices References cite book author Thomas Muir authorlink Thomas Muir mathematician title A treatise on the theory of determinants date 1960 publisher ... more details
In linear algebra , a Vandermonde matrix , named after Alexandre Th ophile Vandermonde , is a matrix math matrix with the terms of a geometric progression in each row, i.e., an m × n matrix ... indices i and j . ref Roger A. Horn and Charles R. Johnson 1991 , Topics in matrix analysis, Cambridge University Press. See Section 6.1 ref Some authors use the transpose of the above matrix. The determinant of a square Vandermonde matrix where m n can be expressed as ref For a proof ... is alternating in the entries, meaning that permuting the math alpha i math by an odd permutation changes the sign, while permuting them by an even permutation does not change the value of the determinant ... use a generalization called confluent Vandermonde matrices , which makes the matrix positive definite matrix positive definite Invertible matrix non singular while retaining most properties. If sub ... multiplied with the symmetric polynomial s generates all the alternating polynomial s. If m n , then the matrix V has maximum rank of a matrix rank m if and only if all sub i sub are distinct. A square Vandermonde matrix is thus invertible matrix invertible if and only if the sub i ... matrix with applications last Turner first L. Richard url http ntrs.nasa.gov archive nasa ... Monthly, Vol. 65, No. 2 ref ref http www.proofwiki.org wiki Inverse of Vandermonde 27s Matrix Inverse of Vandermonde Matrix ProofWiki ref Applications The Vandermonde matrix evaluates a polynomial ... equations Vu y for u with V an m n Vandermonde matrix is equivalent .... , math The Vandermonde matrix can easily be inverted in terms of Lagrange basis polynomials ref Cite ... known special Vandermonde matrix is the discrete Fourier transform matrix DFT matrix , where ... matrix diagonalizes a companion matrix . See also Alternant matrix Lagrange polynomial ... matice de Vandermonde Matrix es Matriz de Vandermonde fr Matrice de Vandermonde ko it Matrice ... more details
with polynomial matrix polynomial matrices see Unimodular polynomial matrix . In mathematics , a unimodular matrix M is a square integer matrix having determinant 1 or &minus 1. Equivalently, it is an integer matrix that is invertible over the integers there is an integer matrix N which ... Unimodular matrices form a subgroup of the general linear group under matrix multiplication , i.e. the following matrices are unimodular Identity matrix The Matrix inverse inverse of a unimodular matrix The Matrix multiplication product of two unimodular matrices Further The Kronecker product ... matrix Symplectic matrices Pascal matrix Pascal matrices Permutation matrix Permutation matrices ... A totally unimodular matrix ref The term was coined by Claude Berge , see Citation last Alan ... of Integer Programming, 1958 2008 publisher Springer Verlag pages 49 50 year 2010 ref TU matrix is a matrix for which every square invertible matrix non singular submatrix is unimodular. A totally unimodular matrix need not be square itself. From the definition it follows that any totally unimodular matrix has only 0, 1 or &minus 1 entries. Totally unimodular matrices are extremely important ... matrix of a bipartite graph, which is the coefficient matrix for bipartite matching graph theory matching , is totally unimodular TU . The unoriented incidence matrix of a non bipartite graph is not TU ... and D. Gale prove the following. Let math A math be an m by n matrix whose rows can be partitioned ... non zero entries in a column of math A math have the same sign, then the row of one is in math B math ... define an incidence matrix of a balanced Signed graph Incidence matrix signed graph thus, this example says that the incidence matrix of a signed graph is totally unimodular if the signed ... the property of the unoriented incidence matrix of a graph . ref T. Zaslavsky 1982 , Signed graphs ... flow and minimum cost flow problems yield a coefficient matrix with these properties and with empty ... more details
In numerical analysis , the Alternating Direction Implicit ADI method is a finite difference method for solving Parabolic partial differential equation parabolic and Elliptic partial differential equation elliptic partial differential equations. ref Citation doi 10.1137 0103003 last1 Peaceman first1 D. W. last2 Rachford Jr. first2 H. H. title The numerical solution of parabolic and elliptic differential equations mr 0071874 year 1955 journal Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics volume 3 issue 1 pages 28 41 . ref It is most notably used to solve the problem of heat conduction or solving the diffusion equation in two or more dimensions. It is an example of an operator splitting method. ref Cite book last1 Press first1 WH last2 Teukolsky first2 SA last3 Vetterling first3 WT last4 Flannery first4 BP year 2007 title Numerical Recipes The Art of Scientific Computing edition 3rd publisher Cambridge University Press publication place New York isbn 978 0 521 88068 8 chapter Section 20.3.3. Operator Splitting Methods Generally chapter url http apps.nrbook.com empanel index.html ... matrix algorithm . The method Consider the linear diffusion equation in two dimensions, math partial ... for any math Delta t math . A disadvantage of the Crank Nicolson method is that the matrix in the above equation is band matrix banded with a band width that is generally quite large. This makes ... involved is symmetric matrix symmetric and tridiagonal banded with bandwidth 3 , and is typically solved using tridiagonal matrix algorithm . It can be shown that this method is unconditionally .... first1 Jim title Alternating direction methods for three space variables doi 10.1007 BF01386295 year ... Improved alternating direction implicit method for solving transient three dimensional heat diffusion .... References Reflist External links http www.mth.pdx.edu daescu mth410 510s notes week8.pdf The alternating ... Alternating Direction Implicit Method Category Partial differential equations Category Numerical ... more details
is the sum of 5 permutation matrices. See also Alternatingsignmatrix Generalized permutation matrix ... elements br The Matrix multiplication product of two permutation matrices is a permutation matrix ... 310px br They are also permutation matrices. In mathematics , in matrix theory , a permutation matrix is a square binary matrix that has exactly one entry 1 in each row and each column and 0s elsewhere. Each such matrix represents a specific permutation of m elements and, when used to multiply another matrix, can produce that permutation in the rows or columns of the other matrix. Definition ... m end pmatrix , math its permutation matrix is the m × m matrix P sub &pi sub whose entries are all ..., and of the choice of using the vectors math mathbf e pi i math as rows of the permutation matrix ... matrix orthogonal matrices i.e., math P pi P pi T I math , the inverse matrix exists and can be written ... matrices form a Group mathematics group under matrix multiplication with the identity matrix as the identity element . If 1 denotes the identity permutation, then P sub 1 sub is the identity matrix . One can view the permutation matrix of a permutation &sigma as the permutation &sigma of the columns of the identity matrix I , or as the permutation &sigma sup &minus 1 sup of the rows of I . A permutation matrix is a doubly stochastic matrix . The Birkhoff von Neumann theorem says that every doubly stochastic matrix is a convex combination of permutation matrices of the same order and the permutation .... The product PM , premultiplying a matrix M by a permutation matrix P , permutes the rows of M ... algebra trace of a permutation matrix is the number of fixed points of the permutation. If the permutation ... ,..., e sub a sub k sub sub are eigenvector s of the permutation matrix. From group theory we know ..., any permutation matrix P factors as a product of row interchanging elementary matrix elementary matrices , each having determinant &minus 1. Thus the determinant of a permutation matrix P is just ... more details
In mathematics , a bisymmetric matrix is a square matrix mathematics matrix that is symmetric about both of its main diagonals. More precisely, an n n matrix A is bisymmetric if it satisfies both A A sup T sup and AJ JA where J is the n n exchange matrix . For example math begin bmatrix a & b & c & d & e b & f & g & h & d c & g & i & g & c d & h & g & f & b e & d & c & b & a end bmatrix . math Properties Bisymmetric matrices are both symmetric centrosymmetric matrix centrosymmetric and symmetric persymmetric matrix persymmetric . It has been shown that real valued bisymmetric matrices are precisely those symmetric matrices whose eigenvalues are the same up to sign after pre or post multiplication by the exchange matrix ref name simax0 cite journal last Tao first D. coauthors Yasuda, M. title A spectral characterization of generalized real symmetric centrosymmetric and generalized real symmetric skew centrosymmetric matrices journal SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. volume 23 issue 3 pages 885 895 year 2002 url http siamdl.aip.org getabs servlet GetabsServlet?prog normal&id SJMAEL000023000003000885000001&idtype cvips&gifs Yes accessdate 2007 10 12 doi 10.1137 S0895479801386730 ref . The product of two bisymmetric matrices results in a centrosymetric matrix References reflist DEFAULTSORT Bisymmetric Matrix Category Matrices eu Matrize bisimetriko sl Bisimetri na matrika th ... more details
In automata theory , an alternating tree automaton is an extension of nondeterministic tree automaton as same as alternating finite automaton extends nondeterministic finite automaton NFA . Category Automata theory comp sci theory stub ... more details
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