gene in marine picoplankton samples revealed the presence of two novel alveolate linages, called ... Alveolata ru simple Alveolate sr Alveolata fi Alveolata sv Alveolater tl Alveolate ... more details
Taxobox domain Eukaryote Eukaryota regnum Chromalveolata superphylum Alveolata phylum Chromerida phylum authority Moore et al. , 2008 Chromerida is a newly defined phylum of alveolate protist s, ref name pmid18288187 cite journal title A photosynthetic alveolate closely related to apicomplexan parasites journal Nature volume 451 issue 7181 pages 959 963 year 2008 month February pmid 18288187 doi 10.1038 nature06635 url http www.nature.com nature journal v451 n7181 full nature06635.html author1 Moore RB author2 Oborn k M author3 Janouskovec J author4 Chrudimsk T author5 Vancov M author6 Green DH author7 Wright SW author8 Davies NW author9 Bolch CJ ref which includes photosynthetic species such as Chromera velia . References reflist alveolata Category Alveolata ... more details
Taxobox domain Eukaryote Eukaryota regnum Chromalveolata superphylum Alveolata ordo Colpodellida ordo authority Cavalier Smith , 1993 ref cite pmid 8302218 ref subdivision ranks Family biology Families subdivision Colpodellidae Colpodellida is an order biology order of alveolate protist s, which includes small predatory species such as Colpodella pugnax . References reflist alveolata Category Alveolata ... more details
unreferenced stub date December 2011 Taxobox domain Eukaryote Eukaryota regnum Chromalveolata superphylum Alveolata phylum Myzozoa subphylum Perkinsozoa classis Perkinsea classis authority synonyms Perkinsasida Perkinsea is a class of alveolate s. Perkinsus is a parasite of bivalve mollusk s it displayes a number of features characteristic of the dinoflagellate s including laterally inserted heterodynamic flagella . Two other genera have been described in this class Cryptophagus and Parvilucifera . Rastromonas may also belong to this grouping. References reflist Category Alveolata Alveolata chromalveolate stub ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2008 Myzocytosis from Greek language Greek myzein , lang grc meaning to suck and kytos lang grc meaning container , hence referring to cell is a method of feeding found in some heterotroph ic organism s. It is also called cellular vampirism as the predatory cell biology cell pierces the cell wall and or cell membrane of the prey cell with a feeding tube, the coinoid , sucks out the cellular content and digests it. Myzocytosis is found in Myzozoa and also in some species of Ciliophora both comprise the alveolate s . A classic example of myzocytosis is the feeding method of the infamous predatory ciliate, Didinium , where it is often depicted devouring a hapless Paramecium . The suctoria n ciliate s feed exclusively through myzocytosis, sucking out the cytoplasm of prey via superficially drinking straw like pseudopodia. Category Alveolata Category Ecology Category Metabolism ecology stub feeding es Mizocitosis de Myzozytose ... more details
refimprove date January 2012 Taxobox color greenyellow domain Eukaryote Eukaryota regnum Chromalveolata superphylum Alveolate Alveolata phylum Ciliate Ciliophora classis Oligohymenophorea ordo Peniculid a familia Parameciidae genus Paramecium species P. bursaria binomial Paramecium bursaria binomial authority Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart Ehr. , 1831 image 20090719 062218 ParameciumBursaria.jpg Paramecium bursaria is a species of ciliate protozoa n that has a mutualistic symbiosis symbiotic relationship with green algae called Zoochlorella . The algae live inside the Paramecium in its cytoplasm and provide it with food, while the Paramecium provides the algae with movement and protection. P. bursaria is 80 150 m long, with a wide oral groove , two contractile vacuole s, and a single micronucleus as well as a single macronucleus . P. bursaria is the only species of Paramecium that forms symbiotic relationships with algae, and it is often used in biology classrooms both as an example of a protozoan and also as an example of symbiosis. External links http www.eol.org pages 484360 Encyclopedia of life page http protist.i.hosei.ac.jp PDB Images Ciliophora Paramecium bursaria sample 4.html Pictures of P. bursaria as well as a short description Category Ciliates cs Trepka zelen de Paramecium bursaria tr Paramecium bursaria ... more details
italic title Taxobox domain Eukaryota regnum Chromalveolata superphylum Alveolata phylum Dinozoa classis Myzomonadea subclassis ordo Voromonadida ordo authority familia Voromonadidae familia authority genus Voromonas genus authority subdivision ranks Species subdivision Voromonas pontica Voromonas is a genus of predatory protozoa . The genus and species were described by Mylnikov in 2000. ref name Mylnikov2008 Mylnikov A, Mylnikova Z 2008 Feeding spectra and pseudoconoid structure in predatory alveolate flagellates. Inland Water Biology 1 3 210 216 doi 10.1134 S1995082908030036 ref Taxonomy There is one species known in this genus Feeding At the anterior end of the protozoan it possesses a rostrum which contains a microtubular structure the pseudoconoid The pseudoconoid forms an open cone and which is located adjacent to microtubules microtubular bands, microneme s and rhoptries . The pseudoconoid begins near the kinetosome s of the flagella and passes along the flagellate pocket into the rostrum. While feeding on prey organisms the rostrum is inserted into the body of the prey and the cytoplasm is sucked out. Known prey organisms include bodonid s, chrysomonad s, percolomonad s. Known non prey organisms include naked amoeba s, ciliate s, cryptomonad s and colorless euglenoid s. References Reflist Alveolata Category Alveolata Category Genera Chromalveolate stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Ellobiopsis domain Eukaryota regnum Chromalveolata superphylum Alveolata unranked phylum Myzozoa phylum Dinozoa classis Ellobiopsea subclassis ordo Ellobiopsida subordo familia Ellobiopsidae genus Ellobiopsis subdivision ranks Species subdivision Ellobiopsis caridarum br Ellobiopsis chattonii br Ellobiopsis elongata br Ellobiopsis eupraxiae br Ellobiopsis fagei br Ellobiopsis racemosus br Ellobiopsis is a genus of alveolae parasitic protozoa . This genus was created in 1910 by Caullery. Species in this genus infect crustaceans. ref name Timofeev2002 Timofeev SF 2002 Effect of the parasitic dinoflagellate Ellobiopsis chattoni Protozoa Mastigophora on the winter mortality of the calanoid copepod Calanus finmarchicus Crustacea Copepoda in the Norwegian Sea. Parazitologiia 36 2 158 162 ref The type species is Ellobiopsis chattoni . Taxonomy This genus has been difficult to classify. This genus has been placed in several different taxa in the past but it is now known to the an alveolate. Its closest relations appear to be the genus Thalassomyces . ref name G mez2009 G mez F, L pez Garc a P, Nowaczyk A, Moreira D 2009 The crustacean parasites Ellobiopsis Caullery, 1910 and Thalassomyces Niezabitowski, 1913 form a monophyletic divergent clade within the Alveolata. Syst Parasitol 74 1 65 74 ref These genera have been grouped together to form the family Ellobiopsidae . Host records E. chattonii Acartia clausi , Calanus helgolandica , Calanus finmarchicus , Centropages typicus , Clausocalanus arcuicornis , Ctenocalanus vanus , Euchaeta marina , Euchaeta wolfendeni , Metridia longa , Pleuromamma gracilis , Pleuromamma borealis , Portunus pelagicus , Pseudocalanus elongatus , Pseudocalanus minutus , Undinula vulgaris E. elongata Clausocalanus arcuicornis , Ctenocalanus vanus , Cosmocalanus darwini , Euchaeta marina , Gaetanus antarcticus , Gaetanus curvicornis , Penaeopsis retacuta E. fagei Clausocalanus arcuicornis References reflist Alveolata Categor ... more details
taxobox domain Eukaryota color taxobox colour chromalveolata unranked regnum Hacrobia unranked phylum Katablepharida The katablepharids , a group of heterotrophic flagellate s, ref name okamoto2009 have been considered as part of the Cryptophyta since katablepharids were described in 1939. Although they differ from other cryptophytes and have even been proposed to be alveolate s, early 21st century research suggests they are related to cryptophytes. ref cite journal title The Katablepharids are a Distant Sister Group of the Cryptophyta A Proposal for Katablepharidophyta Divisio Nova Kathablepharida Phylum Novum Based on SSU rDNA and Beta Tubulin Phylogeny author Noriko Okamoto and Isao Inouye doi 10.1016 j.protis.2004.12.003 year 2005 journal Protist volume 156 pages 163 79 pmid 16171184 issue 2 postscript . ref ref Cite journal pmid 19398025 year 2009 month May author Reeb, Vc Peglar, Mt Yoon, Hs Bai, Jr Wu, M Siu, P Grafenberg, Jl Reyes Prieto, A R mmele, Se Gross, J Bhattacharya, D title Interrelationships of chromalveolates within a broadly sampled tree of photosynthetic protists. volume 53 issue 1 pages 202 11 issn 1055 7903 doi 10.1016 j.ympev.2009.04.012 journal Molecular phylogenetics and evolution postscript . ref Selected katablepharid genera As of 2009, only five genera and ten species have been formally described. Dozens of other DNA sequences both freshwater and marine seem to represent further katablepharids which have not been cultured or formally described. ref name okamoto2009 Cite journal author Okamoto N, Chantangsi C, Hor k A, Leander BS, Keeling PJ. editor1 last Stajich editor1 first Jason E. title Molecular Phylogeny and Description of the Novel Katablepharid Roombia truncata gen. et sp. nov., and Establishment of the Hacrobia Taxon nov. journal PLoS ONE year 2009 pmid 19759916 doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0007080 volume 4 issue 9 pages e7080 pmc 2741603 postscript . bibcode 2009PLoSO...4.7080O ref Hatena genus Hatena Leucocryptos ref name kim cite ... more details
italic title taxobox name Gai lie mu image Talauma hodgsonii.jpg image width 338px image caption br br font size 1 Color plate from of Illustrations of Himalayan plants , by Joseph Dalton Hooker , et al. br For the original caption see notation font ref name ihp1 cite book last Hooker first Joseph Dalton authorlink Joseph Dalton Hooker coauthors J. F. Cathcart and W. H. Fitch year 1855 title Illustrations of Himalayan plants url http www.illustratedgarden.org mobot rarebooks page.asp?relation QK34933H661855&identifier 0036 location London publisher L. Reeve pages 35 36 id LCC QK349.33 .H66 1855 br Flowering branch of Talauma hodgsonii with a full grown leaf of a young tree behind, of the natural size. Fig. 1. Stamens and column of ovaria. 2. Stamen. 3. Transverse section of stamen. 4. Pollen. 5. Ovary. 6. Longitudinal section of ovary all magnified. 7. Ripe fruit. 8. The same with most of the carpels removed, showing the woody alveolate axis and insertion of seed. 9. Seeds all of the natural size. 10. Vertical, and 11, transverse sections of seeds. 12. Endopleura and albumen. 13. Portion of endopleura very highly magnified . 14. Vertical section of albumen and embryo. 15, 16. Embryos all magnified. ref regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperm s unranked classis Magnoliid s ordo Magnoliales familia Magnoliaceae genus Magnolia subgenus Magnolia subg. Magnolia M. subg. Magnolia sectio Magnolia sect. Gwillimia subsect. Blumiana M. sect. Gwillimia subsect. Blumiana species M. hodgsonii binomial Magnolia hodgsonii binomial authority Hook.f. & Thomas Thomson botanist Thomson H.Keng Magnolia hodgsonii synonymy syn. Talauma hodgsonii , known in Chinese as Gai lie mu is a species of Magnolia native to the forests of the Himalaya and southeastern Asia , occurring in Bhutan , southwestern China Xizang , northeastern India , northern Myanmar , Nepal , and Thailand . It grows at moderate altitudes of 850 1500 m with a subtropical climate. ref name foc cite web url http w ... more details
Taxobox name Chromera veli domain Eukaryote Eukaryota regnum Chromalveolata superphylum Alveolata phylum Chromerida classis ordo familia Chromeraceae genus Chromera species Chromera velia Chromera velia , also known as a chromerid , ref name pmid19270733 cite journal title A Hypothesis for the Evolution of Nuclear Encoded, Plastid Targeted Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Genes in Chromalveolate Members journal PLoS ONE volume 4 issue 3 pages e4737 year 2009 pmid 19270733 pmc 2649427 doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0004737 url http dx.plos.org 10.1371 journal.pone.0004737 author1 Takishita K author2 Yamaguchi H author3 Maruyama T author4 Inagaki Y author separator , editor1 last Zhang editor1 first Baohong ref is a photosynthetic alga ref name pmid18822291 cite journal title Evolution of the apicoplast and its hosts from heterotrophy to autotrophy and back again journal Int. J. Parasitol. volume 39 issue 1 pages 1 12 year 2009 month January pmid 18822291 doi 10.1016 j.ijpara.2008.07.010 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0020 7519 08 00361 5 author1 k M author2 Janouskovec J author3 Oborn Chrudimsk T, Lukes J author separator , last4 Luke first4 Julius ref in the superphylum Alveolata . It has typical features of alveolates, being phylogenetically related to apicomplexa , and contains a photosynthetic plastid . C. velia uses this organelle as the primary energy source, thus being the closest known autotrophic organism to apicomplexans . It may retain a symbiotic relationship with the coral reef around it. ref name pmid18288187 cite journal title A photosynthetic alveolate closely related to apicomplexan parasites journal Nature volume 451 issue 7181 pages 959 963 year 2008 month February pmid 18288187 doi 10.1038 nature06635 url http www.nature.com nature journal v451 n7181 full nature06635.html author1 Moore RB author2 Oborn k M author3 Janouskovec J author4 Chrudimsk T author5 Vancov M author6 Green DH author7 Wright SW author8 Davies NW author9 ... more details
italic title Taxobox domain Eukaryote Eukaryota regnum Chromalveolata superphylum Alveolata phylum Perkinsozoa classis Perkinsea ordo Perkinsida familia Perkinsidae genus Perkinsus subdivision ranks Species subdivision Perkinsus beihaiensis br Perkinsus chesapeaki br Perkinsus honshuensis br Perkinsus marinus br Perkinsus mediterraneus br Perkinsus olseni br synonyms Labyrinthomyxa marina 1966 Dermocystidium marinum J.G. Mackin et al. , 1950 Perkinsus marinus is a prevalent pathogen of oyster s, causing massive mortality in oyster populations. The disease it causes is known as Dermo or, more recently, as Perkinsosis , ref name canada dfo cite web author Susan Bower, Fisheries and Oceans Canada url http www.pac.dfo mpo.gc.ca science species especes shellfish coquillages diseases maladies pages pmdoy eng.htm title Perkinsus marinus Dermo Disease of Oysters accessdate 2009 04 05 ref and is characterized by proteolytic degradation of oyster tissues. Due to its negative effect on the oyster industry, parasitologist s interested in helping oyster farmers are trying to find novel strategies to combat the disease. P. marinus are found in marine water, and grow especially well in warm waters during the summer months. Its genome has been sequenced by The Institute for Genomic Research TIGR , ref name genome genbank http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov genomeprj?term 12736 ref but as of Nov, 2010 no publication describing this can be found in PubMed . The size of the genome is estimated to be 86 megabases. Taxonomy P. marinus are protozoa , and in particular belong to a group called the alveolate s. The individual cells have two flagella, and have a partial polar ring used to attach to their hosts at the anterior. This is similar to structures found among the Apicomplexa , and Perkinsus was previously classified with them. However, genetic studies show that P. marinus is probably closer to the dinoflagellate s, which also appear to have modified polar rings. If Perkinsus is a dinoflagell ... more details
Image Tilapia Pfiesteriosis.jpg thumb right 250 px Acute pfiesteriosis in tilapia top unaffected fish bottom fish preyed upon by the carnivorous alga Pfiesteria shumwayae Predatory dinoflagellates are predator y heterotroph ic or mixotroph ic Alveolata alveolate protist s that derive some or most of their nutrient s from digesting other organisms. About one half of dinoflagellates lack photosynthetic pigments and specialize in consuming other eukaryotic cells, and even photosynthetic forms are often predatory. ref name isbn0 412 11121 7 cite book author Doyle, Jeff Soltis, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. title Molecular systematics of plants II DNA sequencing publisher Kluwer Academic Publishers location Boston year 1998 pages isbn 0 412 11121 7 oclc doi ref ref name isbn0 19 856974 2 cite book author Bhattacharya, Debashish Olson, Laura Katz title Genomics and evolution of microbial eukaryotes publisher Oxford University Press location Oxford Oxfordshire year 2006 pages isbn 0 19 856974 2 oclc doi ref Organisms that derive their nutrition in this manner include Oxyrrhis marina , which feeds phagocytically on phytoplankton ref name pmid7507024 cite journal author Whiteley AS, Burkill PH, Sleigh MA title Rapid method for cell cycle analysis in a predatory marine dinoflagellate journal Cytometry volume 14 issue 8 pages 909 15 year 1993 pmid 7507024 doi 10.1002 cyto.990140809 ref , Polykrikos kofoidii , which feeds on several species of red tide and or toxic dinoflagellates ref name pmid11411838 cite journal author Jeong HJ, Kim SK, Kim JS, Kim ST, Yoo YD, Yoon JY title Growth and grazing rates of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Polykrikos kofoidii on red tide and toxic dinoflagellates journal J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. volume 48 issue 3 pages 298 308 year 2001 pmid 11411838 doi 10.1111 j.1550 7408.2001.tb00318.x ref , Ceratium furca , which is primarily photosynthetic but also capable of ingesting other protists such as ciliates ref name pmid11908900 cite journal author Sm ... more details
pp semi vandalism small yes pp move indef Taxobox color khaki name Protist fossil range Neoproterozoic Recent image Protist collage.jpg image width 250px image caption domain Eukarya regnum Protista paraphyly regnum authority Ernst Haeckel Haeckel , 1866 subdivision ranks Typical phyla subdivision div Chromalveolata Heterokont ophyta Haptophyte Haptophyta Cryptomonad Cryptophyta cryptomonads Alveolate Alveolata Dinoflagellate Dinoflagellata Apicomplexa Ciliate Ciliophora ciliates Excavate Excavata Euglenozoa Percolozoa Metamonad a Rhizaria Radiolaria Foraminifera Cercozoa Archaeplastida in part Red alga Rhodophyta red algae Glaucophyta basal archaeplastids Unikonta in part Amoebozoa Choanozoa center br Many others br classification varies center div Protists IPAc en icon p r o t s t are a diverse group of eukaryote eukaryotic microorganism s. Historically, protists were treated as the kingdom biology kingdom Protista , which includes mostly Unicellular organism unicellular organism s that do not fit into the other kingdoms, but this group is contested in modern taxonomy . ref name Simonite2005 cite journal author Simonite T title Protists push animals aside in rule revamp journal Nature volume 438 issue 7064 pages 8 9 year 2005 month November pmid 16267517 doi 10.1038 438008b url ref Instead, it is better regarded as a loose grouping of 30 or 40 disparate Phylum phyla with diverse combinations of trophic modes, mechanisms of motility , cell coverings and biological life cycle life cycles . ref name isbn1 4051 4157 3 cite book author Harper, David Benton, Michael title Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record publisher Wiley Blackwell location year 2009 pages 207 isbn 1 4051 4157 3 oclc doi accessdate ref The protists do not have much in common besides a relatively simple organization ref name urlSystematics of the Eukaryota cite web url http www.ucmp.berkeley.edu alllife eukaryotasy.html title Systematics of the Eukaryota work accessdate 2009 05 31 re ... more details
available. Apicomplexa The common ancestor of the Alveolate s a clade to which the Apicomplexa ... alveolate closely related to apicomplexan parasites journal Nature volume 451 issue 7181 ... has undergone a severe reduction in size in the Alveolate clade. In the Apicomplexa, where mitochondrion ... more details
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