Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin nuclei anteriores thalami GraySubject GrayPage Image ThalamicNuclei.svg Caption Thalamic nuclei BR MNG Midline nuclear group BR AN Anterior nuclear group BR MD Medial dorsal nucleus BR VNG Ventral nuclear group BR VA Ventral anterior nucleus BR VL Ventral lateral nucleus BR VPL Ventral posterolateral nucleus BR VPM Ventral posteromedial nucleus BR LNG Lateral nuclear group BR PUL Pulvinar BR MTh Metathalamus BR LG Lateral geniculate nucleus BR MG Medial geniculate nucleus Image2 Thalmus.png Caption2 Thalamic nuclei IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 285 MeshName Anterior Thalamic Nuclei MeshNumber NeuroLex Anterior Nuclear Group NeuroLexID birnlex 1692 DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12580278 The anteriornuclei of thalamus or anterior nuclear group are a collection of nuclei at the Anatomical terms of location Other directional terms rostral end of the dorsal thalamus . Inputs and outputs They receive afferents from the mammillary bodies via the mammillothalamic tract and from the subiculum via the fornix. In turn, they project to the cingulate gyrus . Function These Nucleus neuroanatomy nuclei are thought to play a role in the modulation of alertness and are involved in learning and memory . They are considered to be part of the limbic system . Additional images gallery File Territoriostalamo.svg Thalamus gallery External links http www.neuinfo.org nif nifgwt.html?query 22Anterior 20Nuclear 20Group 22 NIF Search Anterior Nuclear Group via the Neuroscience Information Framework neuroscience stub Diencephalon Papez circuit Category Cerebrum DEFAULTSORT AnteriorNuclei Of Thalamus es Territorio anterior del t lamo ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Intralaminar nuclei of thalamus Latin nuclei intralaminares thalami GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Thalmus.png Caption2 Thalamic nuclei IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 300 MeshName intralaminar thalamic nuclei MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12581553 The intralaminar nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus that contains the following nuclei central lateral centromedian nucleus centromedian or central medial paracentral parafascicular. Some sources also include a central dorsal nucleus. It can be associated with progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson s disease . ref name pmid10869053 cite journal author Henderson JM, Carpenter K, Cartwright H, Halliday GM title Loss of thalamic intralaminar nuclei in progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson s disease clinical and therapeutic implications journal Brain volume 123 issue 7 pages 1410 21 year 2000 month July pmid 10869053 doi 10.1093 brain 123.7.1410 url http brain.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 10869053 ref See also Central tegmental tract References reflist External links http medinfo.ufl.edu year2 neuro review images thalamus.jpg Diagram at University of Florida Diencephalon Category Cerebrum neuroanatomy stub de Nuclei intralaminares es N cleo intralaminar del t lamo ... more details
Components See List of thalamic nuclei Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 283 MeshName Thalamus MeshNumber A08.186.211.730.385.826 NeuroLex Thalamus NeuroLexID birnlex 954 The thalamus from Greek language Greek Wikt thalamus inner chamber ref Douglas Harper Harper http www.etymonline.com ... Thalamus3.PNG Parts of the thalamus Image Constudthal.gif Thalamus Image Thalmus.png Nuclei of the thalamus ... can lead to permanent coma . The role of the thalamus in the more anterior pallidal and nigral ...Hatnote For the computer game developer, see Thalamus Ltd . Infobox Brain Name Thalamus Latin thalamus dorsalis GraySubject 189 GrayPage 808 Image Brain chrischan thalamus.jpg Caption thalamus marked MRI ... searchresults?q thalamus tufts.edu Retrieved 2012 02 09 ref is a Wikt midline midline symmetrical ... name Poetics cite journal doi 10.4249 scholarpedia.1583 title Thalamus year 2006 last1 Sherman first1 ..., sleep, and alertness. The thalamus surrounds the third ventricle . It is the main product ... the thalamus is perched on top of the brainstem, near the center of the brain, with nerve fibers ... halves of the thalamus are prominent bulb shaped masses, about 5.7 cm in length, located ... nuclei A nuclear complex structured of four parts, the hypothalamus, epythalamus, the ventral thalamus, and the dorsal thalamus. ref cite journal doi 10.1007 s00381 002 0604 1 title Functional anatomy of thalamus and basal ganglia year 2002 last1 Herrero first1 Mar& x000ED a Trinidad last2 Barcia ... the habenula and annexes and the perithalamus prethalamus formerly described as ventral thalamus containing ... the thalamus proper. The thalamus comprises a system of lamellae made up of myelin ated axon fibers ... Jones Edward G. 2007 The Thalamus Cambridge Uni. Press Page needed date February 2012 ref These latter structures, different in structure from the major part of the thalamus, have been grouped together ... 2003 chapter Thalamus editor1 last Paxinos editor1 first G. editor2 last May editor2 first J. title ... more details
Anterior nucleus can refer to Anterior hypothalamic nucleus Anteriornuclei of thalamus disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
it makes up roughly 40 of the thalamus making it the largest of its nuclei. ref LaBerge, D. 1999 ...Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin pulvinar thalami, nuclei pulvinares GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray719.png Caption Hind and mid brains postero lateral view. Pulvinar visible near top. Image2 ThalamicNuclei.svg Caption2 Thalamic nuclei BR MNG Midline nuclear group BR AN Anterior nuclear group BR MD Medial dorsal nucleus BR VNG Ventral nuclear group BR VA Ventral anterior nucleus BR VL Ventral lateral nucleus BR VPL Ventral posterolateral nucleus BR VPM Ventral posteromedial nucleus BR LNG Lateral nuclear group BR PUL Pulvinar BR MTh Metathalamus BR LG Lateral geniculate nucleus BR MG Medial geniculate nucleus BR IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 311 MeshName Pulvinar MeshNumber A08.186.211.730.385.826.701.485.600 NeuroLex Pulvinar NeuroLexID birnlex 824 DorlandsPre p 42 DorlandsSuf 12680162 The pulvinar nucleinuclei pulvinares are a collection of Nucleus neuroanatomy nuclei located in the pulvinar thalamus . The pulvinar part is the most posterior region of the thalamus. The pulvinar is usually grouped as one of the lateral thalamic nuclei . The word is derived from the Latin pulvinus for cushion . In Ancient Roman religion a pulvinar was an empty throne or cushioned couch for occupation by a deity. Divisions It is conventionally divided into dorsal, inferior, lateral, and medial subnuclei. The lateral and inferior pulvinar have widespread connections with visual cortex visual cortical association areas. The dorsal pulvinar predominantly has connections with somatosensory cortical association areas. The medial pulvinar has widespread connections with cingulate , posterior parietal , and prefrontal cortical areas. The pulvinar also has input from the superior colliculus that influences pulvinar output to visual association cortex, which ... References reflist Additional images gallery Image Constudthal.gif Thalamus Image Gray684.png Deep ... more details
and lateral habenular nuclei, the paratenial and anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, and through ...Refimprove date December 2008 Infobox Brain Name Septal area Latin nuclei septales GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 241 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12583395 BamsSlug SEPTAL NUCLEI The septal area medial olfactory area are structures that lie below the rostrum of corpus callosum in front of lamina terminalis the layer of gray matter in the brain connecting the optic chiasma and the anterior commissure where the latter becomes continuous with the rostral lamina , composed of medium size neurons grouped into medial, lateral, and posterior groups. The septal nuclei receive reciprocal connections from the olfactory bulb , hippocampus , amygdala , hypothalamus , midbrain , habenula , cingulate gyrus , and thalamus . The septal area medial olfactory area has no relation to the smell, but it is considered a pleasure zone in animals. The septal nuclei play a role in reward and reinforcement along with the nucleus accumbens . In the 1950s, Olds & Milner showed that rats with electrodes implanted in this area will self stimulate repeatedly in order to experience a euphoric feeling i.e. press a bar to receive electrical current that will stimulate the neurons ref . Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain. J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1954 Dec 47 6 419 27. ref . To be more specific The dorsal septum projects to the lateral preoptic area , lateral hypothalamus, periventricular hypothalamus and midline thalamus. Fibers from the ventral half of the septum project topographically to the hippocampal formation, thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain. Specifically, neurons located along the midline in the vertical limb of the diagonal ... septum i.e., bed nucleus of the anterior commissure project through the stria terminalis to the ventral ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus Latin nucleus dorsalis lateralis GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Thalmus.png Caption2 Thalamic nuclei Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber The lateral dorsal nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus . It acts in concert with the anteriornuclei of thalamus . It receives significant input from several subdivisions of visual cortex, and has a primary output to parietal cortex on the dorsolateral cortical convexity, giving it access to limbic forebrain nuclei important for emotion and behavior functions. Diencephalon Category Neuroanatomy anatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin stria medullaris thalamica GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 281 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Stria medullaris NeuroLexID birnlex 1066 DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The stria medullaris , also known as stria medullaris thalami, is a fiber bundle containing Afferent nerve afferent fibers from the septal nuclei , lateral preoptico hypothalamic region, and anterior thalamic nuclei to the habenula . It forms a horizontal ridge on the medial surface of the thalamus . It projects to the habenular nuclei . ref http www.dartmouth.edu rswenson NeuroSci chapter 10.html ref It is considered part of the epithalamus in NeuroNames , but part of the thalamus in Terminologia Anatomica . References reflist neuroscience stub Diencephalon Olfactory system Category Neuroanatomy ... more details
Thalamus Ltd also known as Thalamus was a United Kingdom British computer game developer that published ... Genesis Thalamus Ltd was created in 1986 in video gaming 1986 as an in house software publishing label ... LM . First Titles Thalamus capitalised on the success of the Commodore 64 gaming scene by releasing ... development scene through the popularity of their Zzap 64 gaming magazine, Thalamus were able to sign ... , Delta computer game Delta and Quedex . Sanxion was the first release to bear the Thalamus name ... and Wright both left Thalamus, with Wright returning to Activision and Liddon pursuing a career in games ... Guard, so for their next release Thalamus turned to upcoming C64 programmer Martin Walker ... t sell as well as previous Thalamus titles. In the second half of 1988, Thalamus returned from a period ... Jeroen Tel. The first Thalamus game to be awarded a Gold Medal by Zzap 64, Armalyte was an impressive ... as a sequel to Delta . As the 1980s drew to a close, Thalamus continued to release a strong line ... and Delta being released, but by this time the Spectrum market was in decline and Thalamus decided to halt development of a number of Spectrum projects. The title Thalamus were most reluctant to cut ... of Spectrum classics such as Lords of Midnight and Driller . Final titles and dissolution Thalamus ... dwindled. Thalamus managed to survive the liquidation of Newsfield, but funds were running low. With 8 ... publishers, such as Thalamus, to either close down or allow themselves to be consumed by a publishing giant. Thalamus released their final C64 game, Nobby the Aardvark in 1993, but it was too ..., Thalamus had no choice but to close down their operations. Eidos Interactive snapped up many Thalamus ... Restrictor 1993, Amiga External links http www.c64.com articles thalamus history.html Thalamus History ... with former Thalamus programmer Richard Underhill http theburrow.zzap64.co.uk zzap index.html Gordon ... video game companies Category Companies established in 1986 sv Thalamus datorspelsf retag ... more details
more footnotes date April 2012 one source date April 2012 Perihypoglossal nucleinuclei perihypoglossales , called also perihypoglossal complex or perihypoglossal nuclear complex or satellite nuclei is a group of nerve cells in the floor of the Fourth ventricle 4th ventricle , in close proximity to the hypoglossal nucleus nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve in the gray substance of the medulla oblongata , all of which contain cells with characteristics suggestive of reticular connections. br The complex includes three nuclei the intercalated nucleus nucleus intercalatus , the Nucleus prepositus hypoglossi prepositus nucleus nucleus prepositus , and the nucleus of Roller sublingual nucleus . The nucleus prepositus is the largest of the three. br Perihypoglossal nuclei receive afferents from the cerebral cortex , vestibular nuclei , accessory oculomotor nuclei, and paramedian pontine reticular formation . Efferent fibers of these nuclei terminates in cranial nerve nuclei involved in extraocular movement oculomotor, trochlear, abducens , the cerebellum , and the thalamus . The perihypoglossal nuclei and their connections are part of a complex circuitry related to eye movements. Lesions in the nucleus prepositus impair the ability to keep the eyes fixed on a visual target, although conjugate movements are still performed accurately. References John Alan Kiernan, Murray Llewellyn Barr. Barr s The Human Nervous System An Anatomical Viewpoint. 2008 Category Neuroanatomy ro Nuclee perihipoglosale ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin nucleus habenularis lateralis, nucleus habenularis medialis GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray715.png Caption Mesal aspect of a brain sectioned in the median sagittal plane. The habenular nuclei are not labeled directly, but after expanding, look to region with habenular commissure , pineal body , and posterior commissure Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber See habenula for more detailed information. The habenular nuclei comprise a small group of nucleus neuroanatomy nuclei that are part of the epithalamus of the diencephalon , situated at the posterior end of the thalamus , on its upper surface. The habenular nuclei are typically divided into lateral habenular nucleus BrainInfo hier 278 , medial habenular nucleus BrainInfo hier 279 , The pineal gland is attached to the brain in this region. Action potential Nerve impulses from the habenular nuclei are transmitted to the septal nuclei via the stria medullaris , which is found on the medial surface of the thalamus. contradict other habenula here Problems External links BrainMaps Habenula http isc.temple.edu neuroanatomy lab atlas pdhn Diencephalon Olfactory system Category Neuroanatomy neuroanatomy stub fr Habenula ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Vestibular nuclei Latin nuclei vestibulares GraySubject 187 GrayPage 788 Image Gray691.png Caption Dissection of brain stem . Dorsal view. Caption for Vestibular nucleus is visible at left. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf medulla oblongata Medulla Components System Vestibular system Artery Anterior inferior cerebellar artery AICA Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 711 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12584153 The vestibular nuclei are the cranial nuclei for the vestibular nerve . In Terminologia Anatomica they are grouped in both the pons and medulla. Subnuclei There are 4 subnuclei they are situated at the floor of the fourth ventricle . class wikitable Name Location Notes medial vestibular nucleus dorsal or chief vestibular nucleus medulla oblongata medulla floor of fourth ventricle corresponding to the lower part of the area acustica in the rhomboid fossa Citation needed date January 2011 the caudal end of this nucleus is sometimes termed the descending or spinal vestibular nucleus . lateral vestibular nucleus or nucleus of Deiters medulla oblongata ... nuclei The fibers of the vestibular nerve enter the medulla oblongata on the medial side of those ... to the roof nuclei of the opposite side of the cerebellum , to which also other fibers of the vestibular root are prolonged without interruption in the nuclei of the medulla oblongata. A second set of fibres from the medial and lateral nuclei end partly in the tegmentum , while the remainder ascend in the medial longitudinal fasciculus to arborize around the cells of the nuclei of the oculomotor nerve . Fibres from the lateral vestibular nucleus also pass via the vestibulospinal tract , to anterior .... Lateral view. Image Gray696.png The cranial nerve nuclei schematically represented dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red sensory in blue. Image Gray698.png Primary terminal nuclei of the afferent sensory ... Category Brainstem Category Neuroanatomy de Nuclei vestibulares ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Medullary laminae of thalamus Latin lamina medullaris lateralis thalami, lamina medullaris medialis thalami GraySubject GrayPage Image Constudthal.gif Caption Thalamic nuclei Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber Medullary laminae of thalamus are layers of myelin ated fibres that appear on cross sections of the thalamus . They also are commonly referred to as laminae medullares thalami or medullary layers of thalamus . The specific layers are ref cite web url http www.medilexicon.com medicaldictionary.php?s medullary laminae of thalamus title Medilexicon Medullary laminae of thalamus ref Lamina medullaris lateralis external medullary lamina ref BrainInfo hier 350 ref separates ventral and Human anatomical terms Anatomical directions lateral thalamus from the subthalamus and thalamic reticular nucleus Lamina medullaris medialis internal medullary lamina ref BrainInfo hier 351 ref positioned between the dorsomedial and ventral nuclei of thalamus, encloses the intralaminar nuclei centromedian nucleus , paracentral, and central lateral References reflist Diencephalon Category Cerebellum anatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image ThalamicNuclei.svg Caption Thalamic nuclei BR MNG Midline nuclear group BR AN Anterior nuclear group BR MD Medial dorsal nucleus BR VNG Ventral nuclear group BR VA Ventral anterior nucleus BR VL Ventral lateral nucleus BR VPL Ventral posterolateral nucleus BR VPM Ventral posteromedial nucleus BR LNG Lateral nuclear group BR PUL Pulvinar BR MTh Metathalamus BR LG Lateral geniculate nucleus BR MG Medial geniculate nucleus BR Image2 Thalmus.png Caption2 Thalamic nuclei IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName Thalamic nuclei MeshNumber A08.186.211.730.385.826.701 This traditional list does not accord strictly with human thalamic anatomy. Nucleus neuroanatomy Nuclear groups of the thalamus include anterior nuclear group anteroventral nucleus anterodorsal nucleus anteromedial nucleus superficial lateral dorsal medial nuclear group or medial dorsal nucleus dorsomedial nucleus parvocellular part magnocellular part midline nuclear group or paramedian paratenial nucleus parventricular nucleus reuniens nucleus rhomboidal nucleus Intralaminar nuclear group Intralaminar nuclei of thalamus Intralaminar nuclei paracentral nucleus central lateral nucleus central medial nucleus centre median parafascicular group centromedian nucleus parafascicular nucleus lateral nuclear group in fact a false entity replaced by posterior region pulvinar lateral posterior nucleus belongs to pulvinar lateral dorsal nucleus belongs to anterior group ventral nuclear group ventral anterior nucleus ventral lateral nucleus ventral posterior nucleus ventral posterolateral ventral posteromedial metathalamus no more used for the geniculate group medial geniculate body lateral geniculate body thalamic reticular nucleus part of the ventral thalamus External links http neuro.psyc.memphis.edu NeuroPsyc np ugp i thal1.htm Diagram at University of Memphis Diencephalon Category Neuroanatomy es Anexo Lista de n cleos del t lamo ... more details
nuclei Bushy cells, stellate cells, octopus cells, and fusiform cells. Bushy cells are found in the anterior ...Infobox Brain Name Cochlear nuclei Latin nuclei cochleares GraySubject 187 GrayPage 788 Image Gray691.png ... the bottom. Image2 Gray760.png Caption2 Terminal nuclei of the cochlear nerve, with their upper connections. Schematic. The vestibular nerve with its terminal nuclei and their efferent fibers have been ... nuclei on the right side have been resected in a considerable portion of their extent ... peduncle . IsPartOf medulla oblongata Medulla Components System Auditory system Artery Anterior inferior ... n 11 DorlandsSuf 12580764 The cochlear nuclei CN are two heterogeneous collections of neurons in the mammalian ... Nuclei The major input to the cochlear nucleus is from the auditory nerve, a part of Cranial ..., the cochlear nuclei inherit the tone based organization of the cochleae. This so called tonotopic ... in the cochlear nucleus. The cochlear nuclei have long been thought to receive input only from the ipsilateral ... ref Projections from the Cochlear Nuclei There are three major projections from the cochlear nuclei ... cells of the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus, and in turn projects to the inferior colliculus ... the different nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. All of these inputs terminate in the inferior colliculus ... Contralateral stimulation. Superior olivary complex Periolivary nuclei PON Ipsilateral and Contralateral stimulation. Lateral lemniscus LL and Lemniscal Nuclei LN Ipsilateral and Contralateral ... nuclei tend to preserve or even enhance the timing information that is provided by each ..., such as auditory cortex , pontine nuclei , trigeminal ganglion and nucleus, dorsal column nuclei and the second dorsal root ganglion . The inputs from these other areas of the brain probably .... The particular physiology and morphology biology morphology of each cochlear nuclei cell type ... nerve nuclei schematically represented dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red sensory in blue. Image Gray698.png ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus Latin nucleus lateralis posterior thalami GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Thalmus.png Caption2 Thalamic nuclei Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber The lateral posterior nucleus is a nucleus of the thalamus . It acts in concert with the pulvinar . External links http brainmaps.org index.php?y lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus Diencephalon Category Neuroanatomy anatomy stub ... more details
Orphan date July 2011 Anterolateral region of the motor thalamus is a composite substructure of the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus based on connectivity and function. It includes the ventral anterior nucleus and the medial part of the ventral lateral nucleus which receive projections primarily from the substantia nigra . It, the anteromedial region of the motor thalamus and the posterior region of the motor thalamus constitute the motor thalamus. ref cite journal author Macchi G Jones EG year 1997 title Toward an agreement on terminology of nuclear and subnuclear divisions of the motor thalamus journal J Neurosurg volume 86 4 pages 670 85 pmid 9120632 ref References Reflist External links More information at http braininfo.rprc.washington.edu centraldirectory.aspx?ID 2223 BrainInfo Categories Category Neuroanatomy neuroanatomy stub ... more details
The salivatory nuclei are the Inferior salivatory nucleus Superior salivatory nucleus disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Salivary nuclei may refer to Inferior salivatory nucleus , one of the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve Superior salivary nucleus of the facial nerve, a visceromotor cranial nerve nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum disambig ... more details
Refimprove date December 2008 Infobox Brain Name Raphe nuclei Latin nuclei raphes GraySubject GrayPage ... nuclei not labeled, but raphe labeled at left. Image2 Lower pons horizontal KB.svg Caption2 Horizontal .... IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName Raphe Nuclei MeshNumber A08.186.211.132.659.632 DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12582773 The raphe nuclei raffe , Greek seam are a moderate size cluster of nucleus neuroanatomy nuclei found in the brain stem . Their main ... designated as the raphe nuclei. ref Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SSRI antidepressant s are believed to act in these nuclei, as well as at their targets. ref cite journal last Briley first M ... 8221701 last2 Moret first2 C ref Anatomy The raphe nuclei are traditionally considered to be the medial ... of location Directional terms rostral , the raphe nuclei are known as the nucleus raphe obscurus , the raphe ... raphe dorsalis , nuclei linearis intermedius and linearis rostralis . ref cite web year 1998 format ... stem indicating the position of the raphe nuclei accessdate 18 April 2006 ref Some scientists chose to group the linearis nuclei into one nucleus, shrinking the number of raphe to seven, e.g., NeuroNames makes the following ordering ref BrainInfo ancil 190 ref Raphe nuclei of Medulla oblongata medulla ... raphe pallidus Raphe nuclei of the pontine reticular formation Pontine raphe nucleus raphe pontis Inferior central nucleus Raphe nuclei of the midbrain reticular formation Superior central nucleus nucleus centralis superior Dorsal raphe nucleus nucleus raphe dorsalis Projections These nuclei interact ... interaction. These select nuclei are discussed as follows. Overall, the caudal raphe nuclei, including ... stem. The more rostral nuclei, including the raphe pontis, centralis also called median , dorsal, tend ... nuclei to both cortical and subcortical locations throughout the brain. format PNG work The Neuropharmacology ... and serotonin pathways in the brain Function The raphe nuclei have a vast impact upon the central ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Latin nuclei pontis GraySubject 187 GrayPage 786 Image Lower pons horizontal KB.svg Caption Cross section through the lower pons showing the pontine nuclei 22 and the pontocerebellar fibers emerging from them to become the middle cerebellar peduncle Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 613 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 11 DorlandsSuf 12582504 The pontine nuclei or griseum pontis are a part of the pons involved in motor neuron motor activity. Corticopontine fibres carry information from the primary motor cortex to the ipsilateral pontine nucleus in the ventral pons, and the pontocerebellar projection then carries that information to the contralateral cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle. They therefore allow modification of actions in the light of their outcome, or error correction, and are hence important in learning motor skills . External links NeuroanatomyWisc Bs97 TEXT P16 intro.htm http mindsci clinic.com pons and cerebellum section.htm Diagram at mindsci clinic.com neuroscience stub Pons Category Pons ... more details
Politics of Senegal Bolshevik Nuclei in French language French Noyau Bolshevik was a small clandestine marxist group in Senegal . It published Ferment . At the time of the 1988 elections it promoted abstention. Source Zuccarelli, Fran ois. La vie politique s n galaise 1940 1988 . Parid CHEAM, 1988. Senegal party stub CP stub Category Communist parties in Senegal Category Political parties in Senegal ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE p Nuclei p Nuclei p stands for proton rich are certain proton rich, naturally occurring ... of nuclides Chart of Nuclides showing some stable s , r , and p nuclei The classical, ground breaking ... is required to synthesize them. These Atomic nucleus nuclei are called p Nuclei . Since the definition of the p nuclei depends on the current knowledge of the s and r process see also nucleosynthesis , the original list of 35 p nuclei may be modified over the years, as indicated in the Table below ... 146 sup Sm are not among the classically defined p nuclei as they do not naturally occur on Earth. By the above definition, however, they are also p nuclei because they cannot be made in either ... to estimate the time since the last production of these p nuclei before the formation of the solar ... ph 0211452 arXiv.org astro ph 0211452 ref p Nuclei are very rare. Those isotopes of an element, which are p nuclei, are less abundant typically by factors of ten to one thousand than the other isotopes of the same element. The abundances of p nuclei can only be determined in Geochemistry geochemical ... is restricted to those of the solar system and it is unknown whether the solar abundances of p nuclei ... wikitable style background Lightgrey List of p nuclei style background Cadetblue Nuclide style ... Origin of the p nuclei The Astrophysics astrophysical production of p nuclei is not completely understood ... cannot produce all p nuclei in sufficient amounts, according to current computer simulation s. This is why ... below. It is also conceivable that there is not just a single process responsible for all p nuclei but that different processes in a number of astrophysical sites produce certain ranges of p nuclei. ref name posnic2010 T. Rauscher Origin of p Nuclei in Explosive Nucleosynthesis. In Proceedings of Science ... abs 1012.2213 arXiv.org 1012.2213 ref In the search for the relevant processes creating p nuclei ... environments it is difficult to obtain p nuclei through proton captures because the Coulomb barrier ... more details
unreferenced date October 2010 Mirror nuclei is where the number of protons of element one Z sub 1 sub equal the number of neutrons of element two N sub 2 sub , the number of protons of element two Z sub 2 sub equal the number of neutrons in element one N sub 1 sub and the mass number is the same. In short, Z sub 1 sub N sub 2 sub and Z sub 2 sub N sub 1 sub . Formula showing how the masses must be the same. Z sub 1 sub Atomic number of first element Z sub 2 sub Atomic number of second element A sub 1 sub Atomic mass of first element A sub 2 sub Atomic mass of second element N sub 1 sub Number of neutrons in first element N sub 2 sub Number of neutrons in second element Z sub 1 sub A sub 1 sub N sub 1 sub N sub 2 sub Z sub 2 sub A sub 2 sub N sub 2 sub N sub 1 sub N sub 1 sub A sub 1 sub N sub 2 sub A sub 2 sub N sub 2 sub A sub 1 sub N sub 2 sub A sub 2 sub A sub 1 sub Examples of mirror nuclei H with mass number 3 and He with mass number 3. DEFAULTSORT Mirror Nuclei Category Atomic physics Category Scientific terminology de Spiegelkern nds Speegelkarns pl J dra lustrzane ro Nuclee oglind ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Infobox militant organization name Revolutionary Nuclei logo caption dates 1996 2000 leader motives anti imperialist, anti globalization area Flagicon Greece Greece ideology Anarchism ? crimes attacks 15 bombings status Inactive size Unknown revenue financing Revolutionary Nuclei RN, Lang el Epanastatiki Pyrines , also known as Revolutionary Cells , ref cite book title Intelligence & Security Encyclopedia publisher The Gale Group chapter Revolutionary Nuclei url http www.answers.com topic revolutionary nuclei ref is a far left terrorist group in Greece . RN first appeared with a bomb attack on a Hellenic Coast Guard facility in Piraeus on 11 May 1997. In a proclamation sent to Eleftherotypia newspaper but never published, the group denounced workplace accidents in the Piraeus port ship construction zone and pledged to strike without mercy the people responsible for those deaths and that of anarchist Christoforos Marinos found dead in his cabin aboard the ferryboat Pegasus, an apparent suicide, as port police closed in to arrest him on 23 July 1996 . In three subsequent proclamations published in Athens newspaper Athinaiki 24 November 1997, 28 April 1999, 7 March 2000 , ref http docs.google.com leaf?id 0BxswDOCtp5r2ZWE0Mjc4OWUtMGY3Mi00YmMyLWEzZDctNDA3MzBlODI0NThm&sort name&layout list&num 50 Greek texts of the three extant RN proclamations are available at ref RN said its members had also been responsible for bombing a Coast Guard fuel facility on 28 October 1996 and, using the name Liberation Struggle Apeleftherotikos Agonas , for a failed bombing of an Athens courthouse on 27 January 1997. The other attacks for which RN took credit 19 August 1997, bomb against the office of former Minister of Public Order Stelios Papathemelis 24 November 1997, bomb against the Panethniki Enosi of former Chief Justice Vasilis Kokkinos ... Act. Greek authorities speculate that Revolutionary Nuclei may have been formed by members of the Revolutionary ... more details
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