PBB geneid 338 ApolipoproteinB APOB or ApoB is the primary apolipoprotein of low density lipoprotein ... cholesterol . ref Image Free text.png Transgenic mice that overexpress mouse apolipoproteinB. Evidence that the DNA sequences controlling intestinal expression of the apolipoproteinB gene are distant ... copies of the gene are not viable. ref Image Free text.png Knockout of the Mouse ApolipoproteinB Gene ... binding ApolipoproteinB, to a S. aureus autoinducer pheromone, preventing signaling through its receptor. Mice deficient in apolipoproteinB are more susceptible to invasive bacterial infection. ref ... AL, Otto M, Gresham HD. title ApolipoproteinB is an innate barrier against invasive Staphylococcus ... population using apolipoproteinB the Copenhagen City Heart Study. journal Arterioscler Thromb ... content 8 1 1 Free Full Text ref Interactions ApolipoproteinB has been shown to Protein ... coauthors Herscovitz Haya year 2003 month Feb. title Nascent lipidated apolipoproteinB is transported ... month Aug. title Multiple molecular chaperones interact with apolipoproteinB during its maturation ... with apolipoproteinb regardless of its lipidation state journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 273 issue ... pathway map StatinPathway WP430 highlight ApolipoproteinB Regulation The Gene expression expression of APOB is regulated by cis regulatory element s in the ApolipoproteinB apoB 5 UTR cis regulatory ..., Adeli K year 2004 title Translational control of apolipoproteinB mRNA regulation via cis elements ... Fujino T, Navaratnam N, Jarmuz A, von Haeseler A, Scott J title C U editing of apolipoproteinB mRNA ... L title ApolipoproteinB mRNA editing is an intranuclear event that occurs posttranscriptionally ... of the C to U editing enzyme APOBEC1 ApolipoproteinB mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1 ... of apolipoproteinB mRNA by interacting with apobec 1 and ACF, the apobec 1 complementation factor journal ... N, Henderson JO, et al. title Identification of GRY RBP as an apolipoproteinB RNA binding ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 34399 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 107730 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D052476 Apolipoprotein B deficiency also known as Familial defective apolipoprotein B 100 is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from a missense mutation which reduces the affinity of apoB 100 for the low density lipoprotein receptor LDL Receptor ref Kumar V, Butcher SJ, rni K, Engelhardt P, Heikkonen J, et al. 2011 Three Dimensional cryoEM Reconstruction of Native LDL Particles to 16 Resolution at Physiological Body Temperature. http www.plosone.org article info 3Adoi 2F10.1371 2Fjournal.pone.0018841 ref YouTube id CtFwss81GBk title see native LDL ApoB structure at 37 C . This causes impairments in LDL catabolism, resulting in increased levels of low density lipoprotein in the blood. The clinical manifestations are similar to diseases produced by mutations of the LDL receptor, such as familial hypercholesterolemia . Treatment may include, niacin or statin or ezetimibe . ref name Harrison s cite book author Braunwald, Eugene Hauser, Stephen L. et al. title Harrison s Principles of Internal Medicine publisher McGraw hill location year 2001 pages 2246 2247 isbn 0 07 007272 8 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 534 It is also known as normotriglyceridemic hypobetalipoproteinemia . ref name pmid15984016 cite journal author Homer VM, George PM, du Toit S, Davidson JS, Wilson CJ title Mental retardation and ataxia due to normotriglyceridemic hypobetalipoproteinemia journal Ann. Neurol. volume 58 issue 1 pages 160 3 year 2005 month July pmid 15984016 doi 10.1002 ana.20531 ref See also Familial hypercholesterolemia References reflist Lipid metabolism disorders Category Skin conditions resulting from errors in metabolism Category Lipid metabolism disorders Cutaneous condition stub ... more details
receptors Classes There are two major types of apolipoproteins. ApolipoproteinB Apolipoproteins B form low density lipoprotein bad cholesterol particles. These proteins have mostly beta sheet structure ... Apolipoprotein A1 A I , apo APOA2 A II , APOA4 apo A IV , and apo APOA5 A V BApolipoproteinB apo B48 and apo B100 Apolipoprotein C C apo Apolipoprotein C1 C I , apo APOC2 C II , apo Apolipoprotein C3 C III , and apo Apolipoprotein C4 C IV Apolipoprotein D D Apolipoprotein E E Apolipoprotein H ...Infobox protein family Symbol Apolipoprotein Name Apolipoprotein image PDB 1nfn EBI.jpg width caption apolipoprotein e3 apoe3 Pfam PF01442 Pfam clan InterPro IPR000074 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1oef TCDB OPM family 193 OPM protein 3r2p CAZy CDD Apolipoproteins are protein s that bind lipids oil soluble substances such as fat and cholesterol to form lipoproteins and transport the lipids through the lymphatic system lymphatic and circulatory system circulatory systems. The lipid components of lipoproteins are not soluble in water however, because of their detergent like amphipathic properties, apolipoproteins ... apolipoprotein gene family are related. ref name pmid15234552 cite journal author Saito H, Lund ... of the LDL receptor binding domain of human apolipoprotein E journal Science volume 252 issue 5014 ... alter their structure and function. Synthesis and regulation Apolipoprotein synthesis in the intestine is regulated principally by the fat content of the diet. Apolipoprotein synthesis in the liver ... . Apo B is an integral apoprotein whereas the others are peripheral apoproteins. References reflist See also Apolipoprotein L Apoprotein External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 11882522?dopt abstract HuGENet Review http www.talkorigins.org faqs information apolipoprotein.html Apolipoprotein ... ca Apolipoprote na da Apolipoprotein de Apolipoprotein es Apolipoprote na fr Apolipoprot ine it Apolipoproteine ja pl Apolipoproteina pt Apolipoprote na ru tr Apolipoprotein ... more details
Infobox rfam Name ApolipoproteinB apoB 5 UTR cis regulatory element image RF00463.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of ApoB 5 CRE Symbol ApoB 5 CRE AltSymbols Rfam RF00463 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Eukaryota GO SO SO 0000204 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The apolipoproteinB apoB 5 UTR cis regulatory element is an cis regulatory element RNA element located in the 5 UTR of the human apoB mRNA . This structured element increases translation of the apoB protein or a reporter gene. ref cite journal last Pontrelli first L coauthors Sidiropoulos KG, Adeli K year 2004 title Translational control of apolipoproteinB mRNA regulation via cis elements in the 5 and 3 untranslated regions journal Biochemistry volume 43 pages 6734&ndash 6744 pmid 15157107 doi 10.1021 bi049887s issue 21 ref References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00463 name ApolipoproteinB apoB 5 UTR cis regulatory element Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
PBB geneid 347 Apolipoprotein D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOD gene . ref name pmid2439269 ... apolipoprotein D gene gene sequence, chromosome localization, and homology to the alpha 2u globulin ... B, Castro G, Chen E, Comstock L, Henzel W, Kohr W, Rhee L, et al. title Cloning and expression of human apolipoprotein D cDNA journal J Biol Chem volume 261 issue 35 pages 16535 9 year 1987 month Jan pmid 3453108 pmc doi ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene APOD apolipoprotein D url http ... Apolipoprotein D Apo D is a component of high density lipoprotein that has no marked similarity to other apolipoprotein sequences. It has a high degree of homology to plasma retinol binding protein ..., Werner R, W nsch L, Cario G, Demeter J, Hiort O, Riepe F, Brooks JD, Holterhus PM title Apolipoprotein ... cite journal author Rassart E, Bedirian A, Do Carmo S, et al. title Apolipoprotein D journal Biochim ... 00162 X cite journal author Peitsch MC, Boguski MS title Is apolipoprotein D a mammalian bilin binding ... author Balb n M, Freije JM, Fueyo A, et al. title Apolipoprotein D is the major protein component ... R title Multiple RFLPs at the human apolipoprotein D APOD locus journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 15 ... acyltransferase and apolipoprotein D using HPLC electrospray mass spectrometry and sequential ... Structure of human apolipoprotein D locations of the intermolecular and intramolecular disulfide ... cite journal author Holzfeind P, Merschak P, Dieplinger H, Redl B title The human lacrimal gland synthesizes apolipoprotein D mRNA in addition to tear prealbumin mRNA, both species encoding members ... al. title A human axillary odorant is carried by apolipoprotein D journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. ... Apolipoprotein D interacts with the long form leptin receptor a hypothalamic function in the control ... apolipoprotein D during mouse embryogenesis journal Mech. Dev. volume 110 issue 1 2 pages 225 9 year ... DR, Parikh VV title Elevated plasma level of apolipoprotein D in schizophrenia and its treatment and outcome ... more details
Wilson B, Miller J title Isolation and sequence analysis of the human apolipoprotein CIII gene and the intergenic ... of human apolipoprotein c iii Pfam PF05778 Pfam clan InterPro IPR008403 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD Apolipoprotein C III is a protein component of very low ... Metabolism of VLDL and LDL containing apolipoprotein C III and not other small apolipoproteins R2 journal ... fatty liver disease. Interactive pathway map StatinPathway WP430 highlight Apolipoprotein C3 See also Apolipoprotein C External links MeshName Apolipoprotein C III References reflist Further reading ... Apolipoprotein C III Lys58 Glu . Identification of an apolipoprotein C III variant in a family ... of the human apolipoprotein A4 gene APOA4 journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 83 issue ... cite journal author Karathanasis SK title Apolipoprotein multigene family tandem organization of human apolipoprotein AI, CIII, and AIV genes journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 82 issue ... Zannis VI, Cole FS, Jackson CL title Distribution of apolipoprotein A I, C II, C III, and E mRNA in fetal human tissues. Time dependent induction of apolipoprotein E mRNA by cultures of human monocyte ... apolipoprotein genes. Apo AII presents a unique functional intron exon junction journal ... plasma apolipoprotein C III from normolipidemic subjects journal FEBS Lett. volume 197 issue 1 2 ... R, Herbert P title The complete amino acid sequence of alanine apolipoprotein apoC 3 , and apolipoprotein ... 56 year 1985 pmid 6439535 cite journal author Levy Wilson B, Appleby V, Protter A title Isolation and DNA ... LA, Halaas JL title An apolipoprotein CIII haplotype protective against hypertriglyceridemia is specified ... author Wu JH, Kao JT, Wen MS, Lo SK title DNA polymorphisms at the apolipoprotein A1 CIII loci ... activation of the human apolipoprotein C III promoter by upstream stimulatory factor and hepatic ... doi 10.1074 jbc.M200227200 cite journal author Chhabra S, Narang R, Krishnan LR title Apolipoprotein ... more details
J, Liao XL, Lou B, Wu MP title Role of apolipoprotein A I in protecting against endotoxin toxicity ... highlight Apolipoprotein A1 See also ApolipoproteinB Cardiovascular disease References Reflist 2 External ...PBB geneid 335 Apolipoprotein A I is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA1 gene . ref name ..., Karathanasis SK, Zannis VI title Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for human apolipoprotein ... author Arinami T, Hirano T, Kobayashi K, Yamanouchi Y, Hamaguchi H title Assignment of the apolipoprotein ... issn ref It has a specific role in lipid metabolism . Apolipoprotein A I is the major protein component ..., Kawai C title Serum prostacyclin stabilizing factor is identical to apolipoprotein A I Apo A I . A novel ... title Entrez Gene APOA1 apolipoprotein A I url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch ... name pmid16023124 cite journal author Dastani Z, Dangoisse C, Boucher B, Desbiens K, Krimbou L, Dufour R, Hegele RA, Pajukanta P, Engert JC, Genest J, Marcil M title A novel nonsense apolipoprotein A I ... known molecular abnormality of apolipoprotein s. ref name pmid6785551 cite journal ... mutants. ref cite journal author Zhu X, Wu G, Zeng W, Xue H, Chen B title Cysteine mutants of human apolipoprotein A I a study of secondary structural and functional properties journal J. Lipid Res. volume ... cite journal author Chiesa G, Sirtori CR title Apolipoprotein A I Milano current perspectives journal ... Apolipoprotein AI CIII AIV gene cluster Lately, two novel susceptibility haplotypes i.e. P2 S2 X1 ... Maezawa I, Jin LW, Woltjer RL, Maeda N, Martin GM, Montine TJ, Montine KS title Apolipoprotein E isoforms and apolipoprotein AI protect from amyloid precursor protein carboxy terminal fragment associated ... joint meniscus is formed from apolipoprotein A I journal Arthritis Rheum. volume 54 issue 11 pages ... M, Oxley D, Leweke FM, Bahn S title Independent protein profiling studies show a decrease in apolipoprotein ... I Apolipoprotein A I and APOE interact epistatically to modulate triglyceride levels in Coronary ... more details
protein Name apolipoprotein A II caption image width HGNCid 601 Symbol APOA2 AltSymbols EntrezGene 336 OMIM 107670 RefSeq NM 001643 UniProt P02652 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 1 Arm q Band 21 LocusSupplementaryData q23 Apolipoprotein A2 is an apolipoprotein found in high density lipoprotein HDL cholesterol in Blood plasma plasma . It has an approximate molecular weight 17 Dalton unit KDa ref http emedicine.medscape.com article 121187 overview ref . References Reflist 2 External links MeshName Apolipoprotein A II gene 1 stub Lipoproteins Category Apolipoproteins ru A2 sr Apolipoprotein A2 ... more details
of a cDNA clone for human apolipoprotein CI and assignment of the gene to chromosome 19 journal Hum ... EC title Apolipoprotein gene cluster on chromosome 19. Definite localization of the APOC2 gene and the polymorphic ... by this gene is a member of the apolipoprotein C family. This gene is expressed primarily in the liver ... 19, where it resides within an apolipoprotein gene cluster. Alternatively spliced transcript ... determined. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene APOC1 apolipoprotein C I url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 341 accessdate ref Apolipoprotein ... like other apolipoprotein C , it is found primarily within High density lipoprotein HDL , while after ... of C I apoLp Ser , an apolipoprotein from human very low density lipoproteins. journal J. Biol. Chem ... NA, et al. title Two copies of the human apolipoprotein C I gene are linked closely to the apolipoprotein ... al. title There are two gene sequences for human apolipoprotein CI apo CI on chromosome 19, one of which ... S title The gene for human apolipoprotein CI is located 4.3 kilobases away from the apolipoprotein ... of mRNAs encoding the precursor for human apolipoprotein CI. journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume ... corresponding to human apolipoprotein C I residues 7 24 and 35 53 in the presence of sodium dodecyl ... journal author Trask B, Fertitta A, Christensen M, et al. title Fluorescence in situ hybridization ... apolipoprotein C I by CD and 1H NMR spectroscopy. journal Protein Sci. volume 6 issue 9 pages ... al. title Human apolipoprotein C I accounts for the ability of plasma high density lipoproteins to inhibit ... more details
In the field of molecular biology , apolipoprotein C is a family of four low molecular weight apolipoprotein s, designated as Apolipoprotein C1 C I , APOC2 C II , Apolipoprotein C3 C III , and Apolipoprotein C4 C IV that are surface components of chylomicron s, very low density lipoprotein VLDL , and high density lipoprotein HDL . In the fasting state, the C apolipoproteins are mainly associated with HDL. During absorption of dietary fat, the C apoli poproteins preferentially redistribute to the surface of the triglyceride rich chylomicrons and VLDL. ref name pmid6099394 cite journal author Mahley RW, Innerarity TL, Rall SC, Weisgraber KH title Plasma lipoproteins apolipoprotein structure and function journal J. Lipid Res. volume 25 issue 12 pages 1277 94 year 1984 month December pmid 6099394 doi url issn ref References Reflist protein stub Category Proteins ... more details
cite journal author Bocksch L, Stephens T, Lucas A, Singh B title Apolipoprotein E possible therapeutic ...PBB geneid 348 Apolipoprotein E APOE is a class of apolipoprotein found in the chylomicron and intermediate ... lipoprotein constituents. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene APOE apolipoprotein E url http ... cite journal author Zhang HL, Wu J, Zhu J title The Role of Apolipoprotein E in Guillain Barr Syndrome ... 19 in a cluster with Apolipoprotein C1 and the Apolipoprotein C2 . The APOE gene consists of four ... amyloid . Apolipoprotein E enhances proteolytic break down of this peptide, both within and between ... S, Wilkinson B, Cramer P, Zelcer N, Mann K, Lamb B, Willson TM, Collins JL, Richardson JC ..., Haines JL, Pericak Vance MA title Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer ... PM, Schmader KE title Protective effect of apolipoprotein E type 2 allele for late onset Alzheimer ... Apolipoprotein E References Reflist 2 Further reading Refbegin 2 cite journal author Gunzburg MJ, Perugini ... by human apolipoprotein E journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 282 issue 49 pages 35831 41 year 2007 pmid ... Apolipoprotein E cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology journal Science ... author Strittmatter WJ, Roses AD title Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease journal Proc. Natl ... heterogeneity of apolipoprotein E and its influence on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels journal ... support for an apolipoprotein E effect on microtubular metabolism journal Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. volume ... and apolipoprotein E journal J. Lipid Res. volume 40 issue 1 pages 1 16 year 1999 pmid 9869645 doi cite journal author Mahley RW, Rall SC title Apolipoprotein E far more than a lipid transport ..., Sunderland T title The Apolipoprotein E Gene, Attention, and Brain Function journal Neuropsychology ... 23 3 157 cite journal author Huang Y, Weisgraber KH, Mucke L, Mahley RW title Apolipoprotein E diversity ... doi 10.1196 annals.1297.003 cite journal author Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK title Apolipoprotein ... more details
nmr structure of human apolipoprotein c ii in the presence of sds Pfam PF05355 Pfam clan InterPro IPR008019 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1by6 TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD Apolipoprotein C2 or Apolipoprotein ... Apolipoprotein C II is a novel substrate for matrix metalloproteinases journal Biochem. Biophys ... entrez cite web title Entrez Gene APOC2 apolipoprotein C II url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites ... WP430 highlight APOC2 See also Apolipoprotein C References reflist refbegin 2 PBB Further reading ... low density apolipoprotein C II of human plasma. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume ... and secondary structure of a carboxy terminal functional fragment of apolipoprotein CII. journal Eur ... cite journal author Hegele RA, Connelly PW, Maguire GF, et al. title An apolipoprotein CII ... of the mutation responsible for a case of plasmatic apolipoprotein CII deficiency Apo CII ... DL, et al. title The structure of the human apolipoprotein C II gene. Electron microscopic analysis ... apolipoprotein genes. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 260 issue 28 pages 15211 21 year 1986 pmid 2415514 doi cite journal author Fojo SS, Lohse P, Parrott C, et al. title A nonsense mutation in the apolipoprotein C IIPadova gene in a patient with apolipoprotein C II deficiency. journal J. Clin. Invest ... author Jackson CL, Bruns GA, Breslow JL title Isolation of cDNA and genomic clones for apolipoprotein ... of a patient with a deficiency of apolipoprotein C II. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 263 issue .... title Donor splice site mutation in the apolipoprotein Apo C II gene Apo C IIHamburg of a patient with Apo ... JA title Structure of apolipoprotein C IIToronto, a nonfunctional human apolipoprotein. journal Proc ... apolipoprotein C II total solid phase synthesis and chemical and biological characterization. journal .... title The human apolipoprotein C II gene sequence contains a novel chromosome 19 specific minisatellite ... 3558370 doi cite journal author Connelly PW, Maguire GF, Little JA title Apolipoprotein CIISt. Michael ... more details
PBB geneid 79135 Infobox protein family Symbol ApoO Name ApoO image width caption Pfam PF09769 Pfam clan InterPro IPR019166 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD Apolipoprotein O also known as protein FAM121B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOO gene . APOO is a member of the apolipoprotein family. ref name pmid16956892 cite journal author Lamant M, Smih F, Harmancey R, Philip Couderc P, Pathak A, Roncalli J, Galinier M, Collet X, Massabuau P, Senard JM, Rouet P title ApoO, a novel apolipoprotein, is an original glycoprotein up regulated by diabetes in human heart journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 281 issue 47 pages 36289 302 year 2006 month November pmid 16956892 doi 10.1074 jbc.M510861200 ref The human, apolipoprotein O is a 198 amino acid s protein that contains a 23 amino acids long signal peptide . The apoprotein is secreted by a microsome microsomal triglyceride transfer protein MTTP dependent mechanism, probably as a VLDL associated protein that is subsequently transferred to high density lipoprotein HDL . Apolipoprotein O is the first chondroitin sulphate chondroitine sulphate polymer chain containing apolipoprotein. ref name pmid16956892 cite journal author Lamant M, Smih F, Harmancey R, Philip Couderc P, Pathak A, Roncalli J, Galinier M, Collet X, Massabuau P, Senard JM, Rouet P title ApoO, a novel apolipoprotein, is an original glycoprotein up regulated by diabetes in human heart journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 281 issue 47 pages 36289 302 year 2006 month November pmid 16956892 doi 10.1074 jbc.M510861200 url ref Apolipoproteins are proteins that binds to lipids. Members of this family promote cholesterol efflux from macrophage cells. They are present in various lipoprotein complexes, including high density lipoprotein HDL , low density lipoprotein LDL and very low density lipoprotein VLDL . References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 cite journal author Talmud PJ, Drenos F, Shah S, et al. title Gene centric association s ... more details
Pfam box Symbol ApoL Name Apolipoprotein L image width caption Pfam PF05461 InterPro IPR008405 SMART Prosite SCOP TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB Apolipoprotein L Apo L belongs to the High density lipoprotein high density lipoprotein family that plays a central role in cholesterol transport. The cholesterol content of membranes is important in cellular processes such as modulating gene transcription and signal transduction both in the adult brain and during neurodevelopment . There are six apo L genes located in close proximity to each other on chromosome 22q12 in humans. 22q12 is a confirmed high susceptibility locus for schizophrenia and close to the region associated with velocardiofacial syndrome that includes symptoms of schizophrenia. ref name PUB00011252 cite journal author Arai H, Mimmack ML, Ryan M, Baba H, Navarro ruiz J, Iritani S, Faull RL, Mckenna PJ, Jones PB, Starkey M, Emson PC, Bahn S title Gene expression analysis in schizophrenia reproducible up regulation of several members of the apolipoprotein L family located in a high susceptibility locus for schizophrenia on chromosome 22 journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 99 issue 7 pages 4680 4685 year 2002 pmid 11930015 doi 10.1073 pnas.032069099 pmc 123707 ref Human proteins containing this domain APOL1 APOL2 APOL3 APOL4 APOL5 APOL6 APOLD1 References reflist InterPro content IPR008405 Category Apolipoproteins Category Protein domains Category Protein families ... more details
PBB geneid 346 Apolipoprotein C IV , also known as apolipoprotein C4 , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC4 gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene apolipoprotein C IV url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 346 accessdate ref ref name pmid8530039 cite journal author Allan CM, Walker D, Segrest JP, Taylor JM title Identification and characterization of a new human gene APOC4 in the apolipoprotein E, C I, and C II gene locus journal Genomics volume 28 issue 2 pages 291 300 year 1995 month July pmid 8530039 doi 10.1006 geno.1995.1144 url issn ref Function Apolipoprotein apo C4 gene is a member of the apolipoprotein C gene family. It is expressed in the liver and has a predicted protein structure characteristic of the other genes in this family. Apo C4 is a 3.3 kb gene consisting of 3 exons and 2 introns it is located 0.5 kb 5 to the APOC2 gene. ref name entrez References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 cite journal author Kim E, Li K, Lieu C, et al. title Expression of apolipoprotein C IV is regulated by Ku antigen peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma complex and correlates with liver steatosis. journal J. Hepatol. volume 49 issue 5 pages 787 98 year 2008 pmid 18809223 doi 10.1016 j.jhep.2008.06.029 pmc 2644636 cite journal author Burkhardt R, Kenny EE, Lowe JK, et al. title Common SNPs in HMGCR in micronesians and whites associated with LDL cholesterol levels affect alternative splicing of exon13 journal Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. volume 28 issue 11 pages 2078 84 year 2008 pmid 18802019 doi 10.1161 ATVBAHA.108.172288 pmc 2764366 cite journal author Willer CJ, Sanna S, Jackson AU, et al ... author Mak PA, Laffitte BA, Desrumaux C, et al. title Regulated expression of the apolipoprotein ... variation in human apolipoprotein C4 gene and its effect on plasma lipid profile journal Atherosclerosis ... in reverse cholesterol transport on plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels in CARDIA participants ... more details
PBB geneid 350 Apolipoprotein H Apo H , previously known as sub 2 sub glycoprotein I, beta 2 glycoprotein I , is a multifunctional apolipoprotein . One of its functions is to bind cardiolipin . When bound the structure of cardiolipin and Apo H both undergo large changes in structure. ref name pmid7586693 cite journal author Borchman D, Harris EN, Pierangeli SS, Lamba OP title Interactions and molecular structure of cardiolipin and beta 2 glycoprotein 1 beta 2 GP1 journal Clin. Exp. Immunol. volume 102 issue 2 pages 373 8 year 1995 pmid 7586693 doi 10.1111 j.1365 2249.1995.tb03792.x pmc 1553418 ref Within the structure of Apo H is a stretch of positively charged amino acids, protein sequence positions 282 287 Lys Asn Lys Glu Lys Lys, are involved in phospholipid binding See image on right . ref name pmid8871678 cite journal author Sheng Y, Sali A, Herzog H, Lahnstein J, Krilis SA title Site directed mutagenesis of recombinant human beta 2 glycoprotein I identifies a cluster of lysine residues that are critical for phospholipid binding and anti cardiolipin antibody activity journal J. Immunol. volume 157 issue 8 pages 3744 51 year 1996 pmid 8871678 doi ref Apo H has a complex involvement in agglutination, it appears to alter ADP mediated agglutenation of platlets. ref name pmid4082080 cite journal author Nimpf J, Wurm H, Kostner GM title Interaction of beta 2 glycoprotein I with human blood platelets influence upon the ADP induced aggregation journal Thromb. Haemost. volume 54 ... in autoimmune antiphospholipid syndrome requires apolipoprotein H. ref name pmid2349221 cite ... glycoprotein I apolipoprotein H journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 87 issue 11 pages 4120 ... from antibodies that bind thrombin, serum phospholipids and are called anti apolipoprotein antibodies . In autoimmune disease, anti apolipoprotein antibodies Anti sub 2 sub glycoprotein I antibodies ... sclerosis . References Reflist 2 External links MeshName Apolipoprotein H Autoantigens Lipoproteins ... more details
AutoAbBox Autoantigen Apolipoprotein, br sub 2 sub Glycoprotein 1 OneIsoform Yes OneIsoformSpecialName Apolipoprotein H OneGene APOH OneOrgan Cardiovascular OneTissue serum OneCell blood platelets OneAlso serum proteins OneDisease Idiopathic Thrombosis , br Sclerosis medicine Sclerosis , br lupus erythematosus Systemic lupus erythematosus OneIgClass OneIgGSubclass OneHLA1 HLA DR4 DR4 HLA DQ3 DQ3 OneHLA2 HLA DR53 DR53 OneHLA3 DRB1 0402 DR4 OneAssociatedGene OneTCellRestr OneTrigger In autoimmune disease, anti apolipoprotein H AAHA antibodies, also called anti sub 2 sub glycoprotein I antibodies, comprise a subset of anti cardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant . These antibodies are involved in sclerosis and are strongly associated with thrombotic forms of lupus. ref name pmid1782567 cite journal author Viard JP, Amoura Z, Bach JF title Anti beta 2 glycoprotein I antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus a marker of thrombosis associated with a circulating anticoagulant language French journal C. R. Acad. Sci. III, Sci. Vie volume 313 issue 13 pages 607 12 year 1991 pmid 1782567 doi ref . As a result AAHA are strongly implicated in autoimmune deep vein thrombosis . Also, it was proposed that AAHA is responsible for lupus anticoagulant . However, antiphospholipid syndrome antiphospholipid antibodies bind phospholipids at sites similar to sites bound by anti coagulants such as PAP1 sites and augment anti coagulation activity ref name pmid1372614 cite journal author Sammaritano LR, Gharavi AE, Soberano C, Levy RA, Lockshin MD title Phospholipid binding of antiphospholipid antibodies and placental anticoagulant protein journal J. Clin. Immunol. volume 12 issue 1 pages 27 35 year 1992 pmid 1372614 doi 10.1007 BF00918270 ref . This contrasts with the major, specific ... activities. Image Apolipoprotein H.png thumb 150px left structure of Apolipoprotein H AAHA interferes ... reflist Autoantibodies DEFAULTSORT Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies Category Autoantibodies T ... more details
B may refer to B , a blood type B grade , an academic grade B tree , a data structure BBC Micro Hardware features B 64 and B 128 BBC Micro model B , a British home computer dab ... more details
B may refer to B , a blood type B grade , an academic grade B L , pronounced bee minus ell is the difference between the baryon number B and the lepton number L disambiguation ... more details
pp move indef pp semi indef b may refer to Voiced bilabial plosive IPA b The name of the random board on many imageboard websites, most notably 4chan b 4chan disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 B sub 0 sub , that is B subscript zero , is also generally used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging to denote the net magnetization vector . Although in physics and mathematics the notation to represent a physical quantity can be arbitrary, it is generally accepted in the literature, such as the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine that B sub 0 sub represents net magnetization. This is particularly prominent in areas of science where magnetic fields are important such as spectroscopy . By convention, B sub 0 sub is interpreted as a vector geometric vector quantity pointing the z direction, with subsequent x and y cartesian coordinate system cartesian axes oriented with the right hand rule . B sub 0 sub is also the symbol often used to denote the reference magnetization in which equations with electromagnetic fields are normalized. DEFAULTSORT B0 Category Magnetic resonance imaging ... more details
Infobox single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name A to the B Cover A to the B.jpg Artist Infernal band Infernal from Album From Paris to Berlin album From Paris to Berlin Released 6 March 2006 small AUS small Format CD single CD Recorded 2004 Genre Pop music Pop Dance music Dance Length 3 36 Label Writer Producer Niels Ekner, Jesper Green, Lars Bo Kujahn, Guldhammer small executive producer executive small Certification Last single Cheap Trick Kinda Girl br 2005 This single A to the B br 2006 Next single Ten Miles br 2006 Misc A to the B is a single by Denmark Danish dance music dance house music house duo Infernal band Infernal from the album From Paris to Berlin album From Paris to Berlin . Released in the beginning of 2006, the single peaked at number 3 in Denmark , Citation needed date April 2009 number 49 on the France French singles chart and number 53 in Australia . Citation needed date April 2009 Music video The music video of A to the B illustrates the fictional character, Superman played by Paw Lagermann flying through the air. At the beginning, he is seen trying to seduce some dancing women, but this seems to fail. We then see a different woman, wearing a wolfskin standing at the top of a skyscraper we assume this to be Superman s lover played by Lina Rafn . In an attempt ... a shower. Track listings CD single Finland A to the B radio edit 3 38 A to the B extended version 6 14 CD single EU A to the B radio edit 3 37 A to the B extended version 6 15 A to the B Cato Azul remix 6 43 A to the B Asle s Full Blown vocal mix 5 57 CD single 2 EU A to the B radio edit 3 37 A to the B extended version 6 15 A to the B Cato Azul remix 6 43 A to the B Asle s Full Blown vocal mix ... A To The B publisher danishcharts.com date accessdate 2011 08 20 ref align left Ultratop Belgium ...?key 192269&cat s title Infernal A To The B publisher lescharts.com date accessdate 2011 08 20 ref References Reflist Infernal DEFAULTSORT A To The B Category Infernal songs Category Eurodance songs ... more details
about a search algorithm variant of B Tree B tree graph search algorithm In computer science , B pronounced B star is a best first search best first graph search algorithm that finds the least cost path from a given initial node graph theory node to any goal node out of one or more possible goals . First published by Hans Berliner in 1979, it is related to the A search algorithm . Summary The algorithm stores intervals for nodes of the tree graph theory tree as opposed to single point valued estimates. Then, leaf nodes of the tree can be searched until one of the top level nodes has an interval which is clearly best. Details Interval evaluations rather than estimates Leaf nodes of a B tree are given evaluations that are intervals rather than single numbers. The interval is supposed to contain the true value of that node. If all intervals attached to leaf nodes satisfy this property, then B will identify an optimal path to the goal state. Backup process To back up the intervals within the tree ... might supply these bounds. Termination of search B systematically expands nodes in order to create separation ... with extensive evidence, like the intervals of root nodes. Expansion B is a best first process, which ... the interval , then B might not be able to identify the correct path. However, the algorithm is fairly ... of B when evaluation errors are possible. If a search terminates due to separation then Maven ... progressively widens the tree, eventually erasing all errors. Extension to two player games The B algorithm ... Andrew Palay applied B to chess. Endpoint evaluations were assigned by performing null move searches ... engines running on the same hardware. The Maven Scrabble program applied B search to endgames. Endpoint ... the gold standard for endgame analysis. The B search algorithm has been used to compute ... last Berliner title The B Tree Search Algorithm. A Best First Proof Procedure. journal Artificial Intelligence ... 2002 doi 10.1016 S0004 3702 01 00166 7 See also B tree DEFAULTSORT B Search Algorithm Category Graph ... more details
About the British sitcom B&B disambiguation B&B Infobox Television show name B And B image caption genre Situation comedy Sitcom runtime 30 minutes creator Michael Pertwee starring Bernard Braden br Barbara Kelly Br Kim Braden BR Mark Griffith country United Kingdom network BBC first aired 7 June last aired 18 December 1968 num episodes 7 B And B was a United Kingdom British British sitcom sitcom starring Bernard Braden , his wife Barbara Kelly and their daughter Kim Braden . It was written by Michael Pertwee , and aired for a pilot and one series in 1968. Cast Bernard Braden Bernie Barbara Kelly Barbara Kim Braden Sally Mark Griffith Johnny Pauline Collins Chantal pilot Plot This domestic sitcom stars married couple Bernard Braden and Barbara Kelly as a married couple who both have successful showbusiness careers, and clearly there was an ounce of realism in the programme. In the pilot, Bernie falls for Chantal, their France French au pair. Bernie thinks his wife is having an affair, they both think their children are taking drugs and in the final episode the couple contemplate divorce. Episodes Pilot 1968 Pilot 7 June 1968 part of Comedy Playhouse Series One 1968 No Son of Mine 13 November 1968 Episode Two 20 November 1968 Episode Three 27 November 1968 Episode Four 4 December 1968 Episode Five 11 December 1968 Pryde and Prejudice 18 December 1968 References Mark Lewisohn , Radio Times Guide to TV Comedy , BBC Worldwide Ltd, 2003 http www.phill.co.uk comedy bandb index.html British TV Comedy Guide for B And B External links Imdb title 0247856 B And B British Comedy Guide sitcom sitcoms b and b.shtml B And B DEFAULTSORT B And B Category 1968 television series debuts Category 1968 television series endings Category 1968 in British television Category 1960s British television series Category BBC television sitcoms Category Comedy Playhouse Category Lost BBC episodes ... more details
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