Apophenia is the experience of seeing meaningful patterns or connections in random or meaningless data ... 08 19 ref Statistics In statistics, apophenia is known as a Type I error the identification of false patterns in data. ref cite web url http www.skepdic.com apophenia.html title apophenia The Skeptic ... of such events are probably apophenia, including some photographs of ghosts , some Unidentified Flying ... sticks, or by picking random passages from a holy text are often cited as examples of apophenia. A more extreme example is the Apophenia Pareidolia pareidolia associated with finding the faces of religious ... http www.medical answers.org hd index.php?t Apophenia title Apophenia publisher Medical answers.org ... author Carys Jones ref Gambling Apophenia is heavily documented as a source of rationale behind ... 2007 05 24 apophenia illusory correlation title Apophenia & Illusory Correlation Paul Xavier Waterstone ... a world where coincidence does not exist possibly involves apophenia if a person s perspective attributes ... uses for facial recognition. Pareidolia Main Pareidolia Pareidolia is a type of apophenia involving ... 2007 ref Fiction Postmodernity Postmodern novelists and film makers have reflected on apophenia related phenomena, such as Use of apophenia in text plot Peter Watts author Peter Watts s Blindsight ... The Question comics The Question is accused of suffering from apophenia in the episode Double Date, ref ... scheme against him. Joker attributes this to apophenia, saying that he has literally been driven ... s major cognitive instruments for structuring reality, there is some common ground between apophenia ... delusion, the interpreter attempting to diagnose or identify apophenia may have to face a conflict ... . New York G. P. Putnam s Sons , 2003. External links Wiktionary apophenia http skepdic.com apophenia.html Skeptic s Dictionary Robert Todd Carroll s article on apophenia http www.dbskeptic.com 2007 11 04 apophenia definition and analysis DBSkeptic Sandra Hubscher s analysis of apophenia Hidden messages ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Refimprove date June 2008 The Tamagotchi effect is a term that refers to the development of emotional attachment with machines or robots or even software agent s. It has been noticed that humans tend to attach emotionally to things which otherwise do not have any emotions. For example, there are instances when people feel emotional about using their car keys, or with virtual pet s. It is more visible in fields which show parts of human behavior e.g. area of artificial intelligence and automated knowledge processing. See also Tamagotchi Apophenia References Throughout the web there are several articles talking about this effect http www.starchamber.com 2003 12 the tamagotchi effect.html Blog Post The Tamagotchi effect http www.valentinzacharias.de blog 2007 08 tamagotchi effect.html Blog Post The Tamagotchi Effect Category Virtual pets Psychology stub ... more details
. False pattern recognition Main Apophenia The human tendency to see patterns that do not actually exist is called apophenia . Examples of apophenia include the Man in the Moon, faces or figures in shadows .... Apophenia figures prominently in conspiracy theories , gambling , misinterpretation of statistics ... of patterns in random data is called pareidolia . See also Gestalt psychology Apophenia Pareidolia ... more details
Ben Klemens born April 10, 1975 is an Australian American economist and author. He works in the statistical research division of the United States Census and was previously a nonresident fellow at the Brookings Institution s Center on Social and Economic Dynamics. ref http www.brookings.edu experts k klemensb.aspx ref He holds a PhD in Social Sciences from Caltech . ref http ben.klemens.org ref In the realm of statistical computing , Klemens has done extensive work on statistical analysis for large data sets and non traditional models such as agent based model s. He developed an innovative library of statistics functions for C programming language C , named Apophenia, ref http directory.fsf.org project Apophenia ref and has written a textbook on statistical computing, Modeling with Data ref http www.modelingwithdata.org ref . ref http www.sfgate.com cgi bin article.cgi?f c a 2008 02 17 EDR1V0LCD.DTL ref Klemens has also worked on the policy aspects of computing, and in particular the issue of software patents . He has argued in a book entitled Math You Can t Use ref http www.amazon.com Math You Cant Use Copyright dp 0815749422 ref and a http www.bu.edu law central jd organizations journals scitech volume141 documents Klemens.pdf law review article PDF that intangibles such as computer code and mathematics should not be patentable subject matter. ref http www.groklaw.net articlebasic.php?story 20060111223959235 ref Klemens was previously the executive director of End Software Patents, an advocacy group that has lobbied to eliminating software patents and has organized around the In re Bilski Bilski v. Kappos case that was decided by the Supreme Court in 2010. ref http en.swpat.org wiki Ben Klemens on software patents ref ref http en.swpat.org wiki Bilski v. Kappos 282010, USA 29 ref He is a featured expert in the documentary Patent Absurdity how software patents broke the system 2010 . ref http patentabsurdity.com ref His writings on the subject have appeared in the ... more details
changes and the recording of two demo CDs Introducing Apophenia 2006 and Cigarette Secrets 2007 Usai ... Remains And Is Very Real 2011 in music 2011 Demos and EPs Introducing Apophenia 4 songs demo 2006 ... more details
Infobox artist name Jason Overby image CometsComets gang.jpg imagesize caption Jesse McManus, Jason Overby, Blaise Larmee at the 2010 Stumptown Comics Fest birth name birth date March 4, 1975 birth place Oklahoma City , Oklahoma death date death place nationality United States American field Comics , Drawing , Collage training movement works Jessica, Exploding Head Man patrons influenced by influenced awards sortkey Overby, Jason subcat American Jason Overby born March 4, 1975 in Oklahoma city Oklahoma City is an United States American artist and critic associated with the art comics ref Badman, Derik http madinkbeard.com archives art comics indie comics Art Comics, Indie Comics , madinkbeard.com , February 19th, 2010. ref and abstract comics movements. His work has appeared in online ref http www.actionyes.org issue15 overby overby1.html Car by Jason Overby , actionyes.org , March 22nd, 2011. ref ref http gazebooks.com jason overby01.html Binaree by Jason Overby , gazebooks.com , July 16th, 2010. ref ref http www.arthurmag.com 2009 08 05 slapstick by jason overby Slapstick by Jason Overby , arthurmag.com , August 5th, 2009. ref and print media. ref http www.lumpen.com Lumpen116 FINAL1.pdf Western Mandala by Jason Overby , Lumpen, issue 116 , Winter 2010. ref He is best known for his comic Jessica, ref Badman, Derik http madinkbeard.com archives jessica by jason overby Jessica by Jason Overby , madinkbeard.com , November 9th, 2008. ref ref Randall, Bill http billrandall.net 2008 analytic drawing jason overby Analytic Drawing Jason Overby , billrandall.net , December 18th, 2008. ref a fusion of art comics and autobiographical comics , his graphic novel Exploding Head Man an existential supervillain story reminiscent of Gary Panter which was listed as a notable selection of the year in the 2010 edition of The Best American Comics ., ref Gaiman, Neil Madden, Matt Abel, Jessica editors . The Best American Comics 2010 . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010. ref and his strip, ... more details
APOPHENIA was released in November 2005. It was named after the medical condition of seeing patterns in seemingly random data, Apophenia . This time the album was structured in two distinct halves, and every ... Flashes Of Light LP LENCD08, 2004 Apophenia LENCD11, 2006 ACEDIA LINE10, 2008 Whatever You Do, Don ... more details
ref Combined with Apophenia seeing patterns in randomness and hierophany a manifestation of the sacred ... Apophenia Confabulation Psychological projection Clustering illusion Face perception , for the cognitive ... more details
For the legal term Aleatory contract Refimprove date December 2010 wiktionary aleatory Aleatoricism is the incorporation of randomness chance into the process of creation, especially the creation of art or media. The word derives from the Latin word alea , the rolling of dice . It should not be confused with either improvisation or indeterminacy . ref Sabine Feisst, Losing Control Indeterminacy and Improvisation in Music Since 1950 , New Music Box 1 March 2002 http www.newmusicbox.org page.nmbx?id 35tp02 Aleatory Pierre Boulez . ref Literature Charles Hartman discusses several methods of automatic generation of poetry in his book The Virtual Muse . ref name Hartman Citation last Hartman first Charles title The Virtual Muse Experiments in Computer Poetry place Hanover, NH publisher Wesleyan University Press year 1996 isbn 0 8195 2239 2 see especially pp. 54 64. ref Art see also Automatic drawing Surrealist automatism Pareidolia Apophenia Digital cameras , Photoshop , and computer generated random art programs along with wildly improvisational use of cutting edge materials and equipment have opened up a new world of possibilities for today s art students and emerging artists. Citation needed date December 2010 A small group of international artists have formed a group called http siennablu.com HOMEATORIC MAMA or the Movement of Aleatoric Modern Artists, a worldwide collaboration of chance based artists who promote the principles and techniques of aleatoric methods in the execution of contemporary art in modern times. Music main Aleatoric music The term aleatoric music aleatory music was first coined by Werner Meyer Eppler in 1955 to describe a course of sound events that is determined in general but depends on chance in detail . ref Werner Meyer Eppler. 1957. Statistic and Psychologic Problems of Sound , translated by Alexander Goehr, Die Reihe 1 Electronic Music , 1957 55 61 original German edition, 1955, as Statistische und psychologische Klangprobleme , Die Reihe 1 ... more details
for another movie by a similar name The Number 23 Infobox Film name 23 image 23MovieFrenchDVDCover.jpg image size 215px alt caption French DVD cover director Hans Christian Schmid producer Jakob Claussen br Thomas W bke writer Hans Christian Schmid br Michael Gutmann br Michael Dierking starring August Diehl br Fabian Busch br Dieter Landuris br Jan Gregor Kremp music Enjott Schneider Norbert J rgen Schneider cinematography Klaus Eichhammer editing Hansj rg Wei brich studio Claussen & W bke Filmproduktion GmbH distributor Buena Vista International released Film date 1999 1 14 Germany runtime 99 minutes country Film Germany language German br English br Russian 23 is a 1998 German Drama film drama Thriller genre thriller film about a young Hacker computer security hacker Hagbard Karl Koch Karl Koch , who died on 23 May 1989, a presumed suicide. It was directed by Hans Christian Schmid , who also participated in screenwriting. The title derives from the protagonist s obsession with the number 23 numerology 23 , a phenomenon often described as apophenia . Although the film was well received by critics and audiences, its accuracy has been vocally disputed by some witnesses to the real life events on which it was based. Schmid subsequently co authored a book that tells the story of the making of 23 and also details the differences between the movie and the actual events. ref citation last Schmid first Hans Christian last2 Gutmann first2 Michael lastauthoramp yes title Drei Drehb cher. Nach f nf im Urwald 23 Crazy year 2001 publisher Kiepenheuer & Witsch location Cologne isbn 3 462 03049 3 ref Plot In 1980s Germany at the height of the Cold War , 19 year old Hagbard Karl Koch Karl Koch August Diehl finds the world around him threatening and chaotic. Inspired by the fictitious character Hagbard Celine from Robert Anton Wilson and Robert Shea s Illuminatus Trilogy , he starts investigating the backgrounds of political and economic power and discovers signs that make him bel ... more details
The Texas sharpshooter fallacy is a logical fallacy in which pieces of information that have no relationship to one another are called out for their similarities, and that similarity is used for claiming the existence of a pattern ref cite book last1 Bennett first1 Bo title Logically Fallacious The Ultimate Collection of Over 300 Logical Fallacies publisher ebookit.com year 2010 url http books.google.com books?id WFvhN9lSm5gC&pg PR7&dq 22texas sharpshooter fallacy 22&hl en&sa X&ei yORuT5mRNYrgiAKxqYSzBQ&ved 0CEQQ6AEwAjgK v onepage&q 22texas 20sharpshooter 20fallacy 22&f false accessdate 2012 03 25 isbn 1456607375 quote description ignoring the difference while focusing on the similarities, thus coming to an inaccurate conclusion ref . This fallacy is the philosophical rhetorical application of the multiple comparisons problem in statistics, and apophenia in cognitive psychology. It is related to the clustering illusion , which refers to the tendency in human cognition to interpret patterns in randomness where none actually exist. The name comes from a joke about a Texas Texan who fires some gunshot shots at the side of a barn, then paints a bullseye target target centered on the biggest cluster of hits and claims to be a marksman sharpshooter . ref cite web url http www.crab.rutgers.edu mbravo cluster.pdf title The cancer cluster myth author Atul Gawande publisher The New Yorker date 2 8 1999 accessdate 2009 10 10 ref ref cite book last1 Carroll first1 Robert Todd authorlink1 Robert Todd Carroll title The Skeptic s Dictionary a collection of strange beliefs, amusing deceptions, and dangerous delusions publisher John Wiley & Sons year 2003 pages 375 url http books.google.com books?id 6FPqDFx40vYC&lpg PA375&vq texas 20sharpshooter&dq 22texas 20sharpshooter 20fallacy 22 20logical 20fallacies&pg PA375 v snippet&q texas 20sharpshooter&f false accessdate 2012 03 25 isbn 0471272426 quote The term refers to the story of the Texan who shoots holes in the side of a barn and t ... more details
cit 223 ff ref Apophenia is related to, but distinct from pareidolia. ref name MNAPOP cite web url http www.medterms.com script main art.asp?articlekey 39714 title Definition of Apophenia accessdate 2007 09 23 publisher MedicineNet.com ref Apophenia is defined as the spontaneous finding of connections ... more details
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