MedAbbrev S U class wikitable sortable scope col Abbreviation scope col Meaning T thoracic vertebrae T sub x sub Organ transplant transplantation br Traction orthopedics traction TA temporal arteritis T&A tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy T&C type and Cross matching cross match see blood transfusion Tab Tablet pharmacy TAB therapeutic abortion TAH total abdominal hysterectomy TAH BSO total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo oophorectomy TAP trypsinogen activation peptide TAPVR total anomalous pulmonary venous return TAT thematic apperception test TB tuberculosis TBC tuberculosis br total body crunch TBG thyroid binding globulin TBI to be intubated br total body irradiation br traumatic brain injury TBLC term birth living child TC Car accident traffic crash TCA tricyclic antidepressant TCC transitional cell carcinoma TCM traditional Chinese medicine TCN tetracycline TCT thrombin clotting time Td tetanus and diphtheria combined vaccination TdP Torsades de pointes t.d.s. three times a day from Latin ter die sumendus TdT terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase TD tardive dyskinesia TE tracheoesophageal TEB thoracic electrical bioimpedance see impedance cardiography TEC transient erythroblastopenia of childhood TEE transesophageal echocardiogram TEF tracheoesophageal fistula TEM transmission electron microscopy Temp temperature TEN toxic epidermal necrolysis TENS transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator TERN intern TF transfer T F transfer TFTs thyroid function tests TGA transposition of the great arteries TG triglyceride s Tg thyroglobulin TGF tumor growth factor TGV transposition of the great vessels T&H type and hold stay ready for blood transfusion THR Hip replacement total hip replacement TIA transient ischemic attack TIBC total iron binding capacity Tib Fib tibia and fibula t.i.d. three times a day from Latin ter in die TIN tubulointerstitial nephritis TIPS transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt TKA Knee replacement total knee arthoscopy TKO to ke ... more details
For the English soccer player David McClelland footballer for the Northern Irish unionist David McClelland politician oneref date July 2010 File DavidMcClelland.jpg thumb David McClelland. David C. McClelland May 20 1917 &ndash March 27 1998 was an United States American psychology psychological theorist . Noted for his work on need theory , he published a number of works from the 1950s until the 1990s and developed new scoring systems for the Thematic Apperception Test and its descendants. ref name bio http www.dushkin.com connectext psy ch09 bio9b.mhtml Biography David C. McClelland retrieved June 24, 2008 ref McClelland is credited with developing the Achievement Motivation Theory commonly referred to as need achievement or n achievement theory. ref Hoy, K. H., & Miskel, G. M. 2008 . Structure in Schools. In E. Barrosse, D. Patterson, & J. Eccher Eds. ,Educational Administration Theory, Research, and Practice pp. 135 174 . New York, NY McGraw Hill. ref Career David Clarence McClelland, born in Mt. Vernon in New York State , was awarded a bachelor of arts from Wesleyan University in 1938, and an MA from the University of Missouri the following year. ref name bio He received his PhD from Yale University , and taught at Connecticut College and Wesleyan University before joining the faculty at Harvard University in 1956, where he worked for 30 years, serving as chairman of the Department of Social Relations. He moved to Boston University in 1987. Here, he was awarded the American Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. Quotes Understanding human motivation ought to be a good thing. It should help us to find out what we really want so that we can avoid chasing rainbows that are not for us. It should open up opportunities of self development if we apply motivational principles to pursuing our goals in life McClelland, 1978, p.201 . ref McClelland, David C. 1978 . Managing motivation to expand human freedom. American Psychologist, 33 ... more details
Notability date July 2011 The Animal Metaphor Test is a projective psychological test created by Albert J Levis Dr. Albert Levis , the director and founder of the Museum of the Creative Process http www.musuemofcreativeprocess.com . The Animal Metaphor Test is one of many tests that are part of Levis Conflict Analysis Battery, a book of psychological tests http arttoscience.org publications.shtml . The Animal Metaphor test consists of a series of creative and analytical prompts. Unlike conventional projective tests, the Animal Metaphor works as both a diagnostic and therapeutic battery. Unlike the Rorschach test and Thematic Apperception Test TAT , the Animal Metaphor is premised on self analysis via self report questions. The test combines facets of art therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and insight therapy, while also providing a theoretical platform of behavioral analysis. The test has been used widely as a clinical tool, as an educational assessment, and in human resource selection. The test was developed at the Center for the Study of Normative Behavior in Hamden, CT , a clinical training and research center. They have been historically used in attitude understanding of animals. ref Crossley, C. 2005 . Consumable metaphors Attitudes towards animals and vegetarianism in nineteenth century France. Oxford P. Lang. ref Animal metaphors convey a wide range of meanings, from insulting slurs to expressions of love. Two studies examined factors contributing to the offensiveness of these metaphors. Study 1 examined 40 common metaphors, finding that their meanings were diverse but centered on depravity, disagreeableness, and stupidity. Their offensiveness was predicted by the revulsion felt toward the animal and by the dehumanizing view of the target that it implied. Study 2 examined contextual factors in metaphor use, finding that the offensiveness of animal metaphors varies with the tone of their expression and the gender and in group out group status of their targ ... more details
2 . Hoboken, NJ Wiley and Sons. ref Another common projective test is the Thematic Apperception Test TAT , ref Murray, H. A. 1943 . Thematic Apperception Test manual. Cambridge, MA Harvard University ... Apperception Test, and the Attachment Projective. Sexological tests main Sexological testing ... more details
inhibit or contribute to one another. Apperception Herbart believed ideas crossed a limen ... upon Leibniz s concept of petites apperceptions and the idea of apperception, Herbart believed ..., disrupting the present ideas a part of the apperceiving mass. Apperception played a key role in Herbart s educational theory. He saw apperception as more pivotal in the classroom than sense ... more details
Helmuth Plessner September 4, 1892, Wiesbaden June 12, 1985, G ttingen was a Germany German philosopher and sociologist , and a primary advocate of philosophical anthropology . He was Chairman from 1953 1959 of the Deutsche Gesellschaft f r Soziologie . Philosophy Plessner s material ist a priori Plessner developed a philosophical biology and anthropology which amounted to a hermeneutics of nature. According to Plessner, life expresses itself, and part of this expression is in terms of sentient lifeforms. In expressing itself through the human senses, it provides the material a priori constituents of perception to replace Immanuel Kant Kant s cognitive idealism of a priori categories and intuitions produced by transcendental subjectivity as the filter through which we spontaneously order experience of the world . In other words, the formal qualities that make up our consciousness a priori given as the conditions through which we experience things conditions such as time, space, causality and number, and, indeed, the laws of physics, however we may then conceptualize them, are given to us both in our own physical nature, and in the physical nature of the environments we inhabit, through our growth from and interactions within these environments. The three categories of nature s a priori and the eccentricity of human intentionality From Edmund Husserl Husserl and Max Scheler Scheler , Plessner adapted the idea of the intentionality of consciousness away from the need for a transcendental ego or apperception and instead grounds it in the behaviour in the broadest sense of the term of environmentally interactive organisms as a realizing of borders that represents the point where the impulses or growth of organisms meet with their environments, are realized in the act of self positioning. These are the scopes of action and understanding that define consciousness and which at the same time ground it in the material world of nature. In terms of plants, their self expressio ... more details
File JohnWilliamAtkinson.jpg thumb alt John William Atkinson John William Atkinson, 1985 John William Atkinson December 31, 1923 October 27, 2003 , also known as Jack Atkinson, was an United States American psychologist who pioneered the scientific study of human motivation , achievement and behavior . He was a World War II veteran, teacher, scholar, and long term member of the University of Michigan community. Atkinson was a leader in establishing motivation as a distinct field of study in psychology research. His belief that scientific progress came from conceptual breakthroughs fueled his formulation and reformulation of a theory of motivation. He was one of the first in psychology to incorporate rigorous mathematical models in his theories and to use computer simulations of these models for experimentation. He also recognized the importance of measurement in science, maintaining a career long interest in the refinement of measures of motivation by means of content analysis of Imagination imaginative thought using, for example, the Thematic Apperception Test which he developed jointly with his mentor David C. McClelland . ref cite book last McClelland first David title The Achievement Motive year 1953 publisher Appleton Century Crofts location New York ref He is well known for establishing measures for motives of achievement, affiliation, fear, sex, risk taking behavior, and aggression. His discipline changing ideas were followed around the world. In recognition, he received in 1979 the American Psychological Association s highest award, the Gold Medal for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. Atkinson was born in Jersey City, NJ, to Frank G. and Wilhelmina Minnie Atkinson. He attended public schools in Oradell NJ, graduating from Dwight Morrow High School in Englewood NJ. He enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corp, earning his wings in 1944, He served as an advanced instrument flight instructor for the B 25 and other bombers. On earning his wings Jack married his h ... more details
main Epistemology see also Outline of epistemology Epistemology from Greek language Greek episteme , knowledge, science , logos or theory of knowledge is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope limitations of knowledge . ref Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume 3, 1967, Macmillan, Inc. ref It addresses the questions What is knowledge? , How is knowledge acquired? , What do people know? , How do we know what we know? , and Why do we know what we know? . Much of the debate in this field has focused on Philosophical analysis analyzing the nature of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth , belief , and Theory of justification justification . It also deals with the means of production of knowledge, as well as skepticism about different knowledge claims. Articles related to epistemology include compactTOC8 side yes top yes num yes A A Defence of Common Sense A priori and a posteriori Abductive reasoning Academic skepticism Ad hoc hypothesis Adaptive representation Adolph St hr Aenesidemus Aenesidemus book Aenesidemus book Agnosticism Agrippa the Skeptic Alethiology Alief belief Alison Wylie Alvin Goldman Analytic synthetic distinction Androcentrism Android epistemology Anthony Wilden Anti foundationalism Anti realism Apperception Arda Denkel Argument from illusion Aristotle s theory of universals Atomism Autoepistemic logic B Barry Stroud Basic belief Belief Bertrand Russell Bertrand Russell s views on philosophy Black swan theory Blind men and an elephant Body of Knowledge Brain in a vat Brute fact C C. D. Broad Cartesian doubt Cartesian Other Cartesian Self Cartesian skepticism Catherine Elgin Causality Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies Centre de Recherche en Epist melogie Appliqu e Certainty Claudio Canaparo Cogito ergo sum Cognitive closure philosophy Cognitive synonymy Coherence theory of truth Coherentism Common sense Compensationism Composition of Causes Computational epistemology Concluding Un ... more details
This is a list of articles in continental philosophy . Abandonment existentialism Abjection Absurdism Achieving Our Country Albert Camus Alberto Moreiras Albrecht Wellmer Alexandru Dragomir Alfred Adler Allan Bloom Alterity Always already Anarchism and Friedrich Nietzsche Andr Malet philosopher ngel Rama Angst Anguish Anna Teresa Tymieniecka Answering the Question What Is Enlightenment? Anti Semite and Jew Antonio Caso Andrade Aous Shakra Apperception Arborescent Atheist existentialism Aufheben Aurel Kolnai Authenticity philosophy Autonomism Avital Ronell Ayyavazhi phenomenology Bad faith existentialism Barbara Herrnstein Smith Beatriz Sarlo Being and Nothingness Being and Time Being in itself Benedetto Croce Beyond Good and Evil Black existentialism Boredom Bracketing phenomenology Cahiers pour l Analyse Carmen Laforet Cartesian Meditations Charles Sanders Peirce Christian Discourses Christian existentialism Christopher Norris critic Citationality Claude Lefort Claudio Canaparo Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments Consciousness Constantin Noica Continental philosophy Contributions to Philosophy From Enowning Cornelius Castoriadis Course in General Linguistics Critical discourse analysis Critical historiography Critical pedagogy Critical theory Criticism of postmodernism Critique of Cynical Reason Critique of Dialectical Reason Critique of Pure Reason Critiques of Slavoj i ek Cultural materialism anthropology Cultural studies Cyborg theory Dasein David Farrell Krell Deconstruction Delfim Santos Dermot Moran Discontinuity Postmodernism Discourse ethics Duality of structure Ecce Homo book Eco criticism criture f minine Edifying Discourses in Diverse Spirits Edith Wyschogrod Edmund Husserl Edward Said Egoist anarchism Either Or Epic and Novel Epoch Eranos Ernst Cassirer Eugen Rosenstock Huessy Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick Exceptionalism Exile and the Kingdom Existential crisis Existential humanism Existential phenomenology Existentiell Face to fa ... more details
, and projective tests e.g. the Thematic Apperception Test TAT and Rorschach inkblot test Ink Blots ... as a way to determine personality by the interpretation of abstract inkblots. The Thematic Apperception ... more details
to us they are each and all given to us, given to our consciousness, in an act of spontaneous apperception ... of apperception. The reason becomes subjective by relation to the voluntary and free self but in itself ... by professing to find them in the sphere of spontaneous apperception, and above reflective necessity ... self and not self. Immediate spontaneous apperception may seize this supreme reality but to vindicate ... s doctrine of the spontaneous apperception of impersonal truth amounts to little more than a presentment ... spontaneous apperception. Sudden, unpremeditated volition may be the earliest and the most artistic ... more details
to a lesion around 3rd ventricular system ventricle of brain. ApperceptionApperception is a normal ... and to incorporate them into experience. Failure of apperception is seen in delirium delirious states ... more details
of Apperception &mdash is similarly unknowable. Kant contrasts the transcendental ego to the empirical ... may be possible. I is only the background of the field of apperception and as such lacks the experience ... consciousness continuum not of direct intuition a posteriori . It is apperception as the principle ... mistakes the unity of apperception for the unity of an indivisible substance called the soul ... more details
state is the effortless contemplating or abiding in the view of non distraction from rigpa . ApperceptionApperception ref name Pettit 1999 129 cite book last Pettit first John Whitney authorlink coauthors ... ese Buddhism, etc. and Bonpo Bon , particularly Dzogchen and Mahamudra, that apperception is key ... item s. Pettit 1999 p. 129 holds that apperception Wylie rang rig is key to Jamgon Ju Mipham ... more details
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