nofootnotes date August 2008 Infobox COA case Litigants AppleComputer, Inc. v. FranklinComputerCorp ... AppleComputer, Inc. v. FranklinComputerCorp. Citations 714 F.2d 1240 3d Cir. 1983 70 A.L.R.Fed. ... Concurrence JoinConcurrence Dissent JoinDissent LawsApplied Copyright Act of 1976 AppleComputer, Inc. v. FranklinComputerCorp. , 714 F.2d 1240 3d Cir. 1983 , was the first time an appellate level court in the United States held that a computer s operating system could be protected by copyright . FranklinComputer Corporation introduced the Franklin ace 100 Franklin Ace 100 , a clone computer science clone of AppleComputer s Apple II , in 1982. Apple quickly determined that substantial portions of the Franklin Read only memory ROM and operating system had been copied directly from Apple s versions, and on May 12, 1982, filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District ... its own version of Apple s copy utility and was working on its own versions of other software. Franklin argued that because Apple s software existed only in machine readable medium machine readable ... part that would fit in an Apple compatible computer and enable its intended function , and was therefore not copyrightable. The district court found in favor of Franklin. However, Apple appealed the ruling ... protected by copyright. See Williams Elec., Inc., v. Artic Int l, Inc. , 685 F.2d 870 1982 . The Court ... also Notable litigation of AppleComputer External links http digital law online.info cases 219PQ113.htm ... AppleInc. litigation Category United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit cases Category ... Subsequent Rehearing and rehearing en banc denied, 3d Cir. Sept. 23, 1983 Holding Computer software ... the presence of some of the same embedded string computer science string s, such as the name James Huston an Apple programmer , and Applesoft, on both the Apple and Franklin system disks. Franklin admitted that it had copied Apple s software but argued that it would have been impractical to independently ... more details
ref improve date March 2012 Infobox Court Case name AppleComputer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation court ... 19, 1994 full name AppleComputer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation and Hewlett Packard Co. citations ... Fernandez , Pamela Ann Rymer , and Thomas G. Nelson AppleComputer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation ... c F3 35 35.F3d.1435.93 16883.93 16869.93 16867.html AppleComputer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation , 35 F.3d 1435 9th Cir. 1994 . ref In the midst of the Applev. Microsoft lawsuit, Xerox also sued Apple alleging that Mac s GUI was heavily based on Xerox s. ref name xeroxsuesapple Fisher, Lawrence. http www.nytimes.com 1989 12 15 business company news xerox sues applecomputer over macintosh copyright.html?scp 3&sq apple xerox&st nyt Xerox Sues AppleComputer Over Macintosh Copyright , The New ... lawsuit in which AppleComputer, Inc. now AppleInc. sought to prevent Microsoft Corporation ... to ensure that if Applev. Microsoft established that look and feel was copyrightable, then Xerox ... Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit cases Category AppleInc. litigation Category Microsoft criticisms ... in Apple s Apple Lisa Lisa and Apple Macintosh Macintosh operating system s. The court ruled that, Apple cannot get patent like protection for the idea of a graphical user interface, or the idea ... Apple s GUI infringed Xerox s. ref http scholar.google.com scholar case?case 3538913398421433687&hl en&as sdt 2&as vis 1&oi scholarr Xerox Corp. v. AppleComputer, Inc. , 734 F. Supp. 1542 N.D. Cal. 1990 . ref Apple lost all claims in the Microsoft suit except for the ruling that the trash can icon ..., ref name courtopinion and Apple s appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court was denied. Background Apple ... GUI, Apple filed suit. Apple added additional claims to the suit when Microsoft released Windows 3.0 . Apple claimed the look and feel of the Macintosh operating system, taken as a whole, was protected ... insisted on an analysis of specific GUI elements that Apple claimed were infringements. Apple listed ... more details
Cleanup date October 2010 Data General Corp. v. Digital Computer Controls, Inc. was a 1971 case in which ... identical in design ref name 1975case Data General Corporation v. Digital Computer Controls, Inc. , 375 .... ref name 1972case Data General Corporation v. Digital Computer Controls, Inc. 297 A.2d 437 Del. Supr ... reporter archives tabor hoffman.htm Tabor v. Hoffman , 118 N.Y. 30, 23 N.E. 12 N.Y. 1889 . ref ref Schulenburg v. Signatrol, Inc. , 33 Ill.2d 379, 212 N.E.2d 865 Ill. 1965 . ref and has ... items without the written permission of Data General Corp. Digital Computer Controls then used ... injunction barring Digital Computer Controls from selling the D 116 based primarily on a claim of trade secret misappropriation. ref name 1971case Data General Corporation v. Digital Computer Controls, Inc. , 297 A.2d 433 Del. Ch. 1971 . ref Digital Computer Controls consequently moved for summary ... Recent Decisions in Enforcement of Clickwrap Licenses DEFAULTSORT Data General Corp. V. Digital Computer Controls, Inc. Category Trade secrets Category United States computer case law Category ... a shrinkwrap license . After acquiring drawings with a Nova 1200 purchase, Digital Computer Controls designed its own nearly identical minicomputer. Digital Computer Controls maintained that its use ... had sufficiently protected the secrecy of the drawings and that Digital Computer Controls ... as fast as previous models. Upon purchaser s request, Data General Corporation would include with the computer ... agreement of confidentiality with their purchase. In March 1971, the president of Digital Computer Controls purchased a secondhand Nova 1200 from a third party. Before receiving the computer, Digital Computer Controls requested the accompanying design documentation from the seller and subsequently photocopied ... based on Digital Computer Controls alleged misappropriation of trade secrets. Digital Computer Controls ... Computer Control s acquisition of the design documentation was appropriate, as the purchaser of a Nova ... more details
Italic title force true MAI Systems Corp. v. Peak Computer, Inc. , 991 F.2d 511 9th Cir. 1993 , was a case heard by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit which addressed the question of whether or not the loading of a software program into Random Access Memory RAM by a computer repair technician makes a copy of the software that is a potential violation of copyright law. The court held that it did, although the United States Congress subsequently enacted an amendment to USC 17 117 to specifically overrule this holding in the circumstances of computer repair. Background Peak Computer, Inc. is a computer maintenance company that organized in 1990. Peak maintained computer systems for its clients by performing routine maintenance and emergency repairs. When providing maintenance or making emergency repairs, Peak booted the MAI computer, causing the MAI operating system to be loaded from the hard disk into RAM. MAI also alleged that Peak ran MAI s diagnostic software during Peak s service calls. This case involved the two parties MAI Systems and Peak Computer, as well as defendant Eric Francis, a former MAI Systems Corporation employee who joined Peak Computer, Inc. Copyright Issues MAI contended that Peak s use of the MAI operating system constituted copyright infringement. MAI argued that the license agreement which permitted an end user to make a copy of the program for their own use did not extend to Peak because Peak was not the licensee and therefore had no rights under the license agreement. The court agreed and granted partial summary judgment which prohibited Peak from continuing their method of operation. The court determined that a copy of a program made from a hard drive into RAM for purpose of executing the program was, in fact, a copy under the Copyright ..., the same as, or working with MAI Systems. External links MAI Systems Corp. v. Peak Computer, Inc. , http www.law.cornell.edu copyright cases 991 F2d 511.htm 991 F.2d 511 9th Cir. 1993 . Category ... more details
SCCInfoBox case name AppleComputer, Inc. v. Mackintosh Computers Ltd. AppleComputer, Inc. v. 115778 Canada Inc. full case name Mackintosh Computers Ltd., Compagnie d lectronique Repco Lt e Repco Electronics Co. Ltd., Maison des Semiconducteurs Lt e House of Semiconductors Ltd., Chico Levy and Nat Levy v. AppleComputer, Inc. br 115778 Canada Inc., carrying on business under the firm name and style of Microcom, James Begg and 131375 Canada Inc. v. AppleComputer, Inc. heard date February 26, 1990 decided date June 21, 1990 citations 1990 2 S.C.R. 209 docket 20643 docket2 20644 history Judgment for AppleComputer, Inc. in the Federal Court of Appeal Canada Federal Court of Appeal . ruling Appeal dismissed ratio Programs embedded on a Integrated circuit microchip are protected by copyright under the Copyright Act of Canada Copyright Act . SCC 1989 1990 Unanimous Corey J. Majority JoinMajority Concurrence JoinConcurrence Concurrence Dissent JoinConcurrence Dissent Dissent JoinDissent NotParticipating LawsApplied Copyright Act of Canada AppleComputer, Inc . v. Mackintosh Computers Ltd. , is a Canadian case on copyright law regarding the copyrightability of software. The Court found that programs within Read only memory ROM silicon chips in this case, the Autostart ROM and Applesoft BASIC Applesoft in Apple II systems are protected under the Copyright Act of Canada Copyright Act , and the conversion from the source code into object code is a form of translation. The judge held that translation does not include the expression of an idea in another form, but rather only applies to the expression of an idea in another language. A translation has a one to one correspondence between works that are expressed in two different languages. In effect, it should simply be a reproduction ... AppleInc. litigation Category Canadian copyright case law Category Supreme Court of Canada cases Category AppleInc. litigation Mackintosh Computers Ltd. Category 1986 in Canada Category 1986 in case ... more details
loses court case against Apple Computers Apple Corps v. AppleComputerAppleInc. litigation A moron ... and the computer manufacturer AppleComputer now AppleInc. over competing trademark rights. The High Court of Justice handed down a judgment on 8 May 2006 in favour of AppleComputer, but the companies ... sep2004 tc20040930 9317 tc056.htm ref As a condition of the settlement, AppleComputer agreed not to enter the music business, and Apple Corps agreed not to enter the computer business. ref name LEM cite web last Hormby first Thomas title What s In a Name? AppleCorp vs. AppleComputer publisher ... and AppleComputer, Inc. vol reporter UK opinion Mr. Justice Mann pinpoint court High Court date ... Barry Miles Apple Corps Apple DEFAULTSORT Apple Corps VAppleComputer Category Apple Corps ... label, Apple Records , filed a lawsuit against AppleComputer for trademark infringement . The suit ... ref cite news url http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi entertainment 4750533.stm title History of ApplevApple publisher BBC date 2006 05 08 accessdate 2007 02 03 ref 1986 1989 In 1986, AppleComputer added Musical ... & Semiconductors Ensoniq into the Apple IIGS Hardware features Apple II small GS small computer. In 1989 ... profitable Apple II series Apple II line, all forays at the time by AppleComputer into the multimedia ... , while AppleComputer held the right to use Apple on goods or services...used to reproduce, run ... words, AppleComputer agreed that it would not package, sell or distribute physical music materials. 2003 2006 In September 2003, Apple Corps sued AppleComputer again, this time for breach of contract , in using the Apple logo in the creation and operation of AppleComputer s iTunes Store iTunes Music ... the wording of the previous settlement favoured AppleComputer in this case. ref name BW Other observers speculated that if Apple Corps was successful, AppleComputer would be forced to offer a much larger settlement, perhaps resulting in Apple Corps becoming a major shareholder in AppleComputer ... more details
have shown that literal elements of program code are protected by copyright in AppleComputer, Inc. v. FranklinComputerCorp. ref name Apple http bulk.resource.org courts.gov c F2 714 714.F2d.1240.82 1582.html AppleComputer, Inc. v. FranklinComputerCorp. , 714 F.2d 1240 3d Cir. 1983 . ref among ... infringement, non literal elements, substantial similarity, abstraction filtration comparison Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc., 982 F.2d 693 2d Cir. 1992 ref name CA http www.bitlaw.com source cases copyright altai.html Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc. , 982 ...Original research date September 2009 Primary sources date September 2009 Infobox Court Case name Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc. court United States Court of Appeals for the Second ..., and vacated and remanded the ruling on trade secret misappropriation. full name Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc. citations 982 F.2d 693 119 A.L.R. Fed. 741 61 USLW 2434 ... http ftp.resource.org courts.gov c F2 797 797.F2d.1222.85 1358.html Whelan Associates Inc. v. Jaslow ... York in which the district court found that defendant Altai s OSCAR 3.4 computer program had infringed plaintiff Computer Associates copyrighted computer program entitled CA SCHEDULER. ref name CA The district ... concluded that Computer Associate s state law trade secret misappropriation claim against Altai was preempted .... ref name CA Background of the case Computer Associates CA created a Job scheduler job scheduling program called CA SCHEDULER which sorts, runs, and controls the various tasks given to a computer ... James Williams recruited his longtime friend Claude Arney, an employee of Computer Associates ... a proper test that took into consideration the copying of non literal elements of computer software ... of ADAPTER including flow charts, inter modular relationships, Parameter computer science parameter lists , Macro computer science macros , and services obtained from the operating system. To approach ... more details
Infobox SCOTUS case Litigants Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc. ArgueDate January 16 ArgueYear 2008 DecideDate June 9 DecideYear 2008 FullName Quanta Computer, Inc., et al., Petitioners, v ... JoinConcurrence Dissent NotParticipating LawsApplied Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics ... facweb claw EIPR Quanta.pdf Quanta ComputerIncv LGE Electronics Inc Comments on the Reaffirmance .... For example, in Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc. , ref 395 U.S. 100 1969 . ref the Supreme ..., given the Federal Circuit s 1992 ruling in Mallinckrodt, Inc. v. Medipart, Inc. ref 976 F.2d .... v. Medipart, Inc. , ref 976 F.2d 700 Fed. Cir. 1992 . ref the Federal Circuit had held that patent ... Windsurfing Int l, Inc. v. AMF, Inc., 782 F.2d 995, 1001 02 Fed. Cir. 1986 . ref But this Federal ... is obviously not covered by the patent. accord McCullough v. Kammerer Corp., 166 F.2d ... Corp. v. International Trade Com n, 424 F.3d 1179, 1185 Fed. Cir. 2005 If the particular licensing ... exhausted were method patents. Earlier, in Ethyl Gasoline Corp. v. United States , ref 309 U. S. 436 .... Co. v. MTD Products, Inc., 731 F.2d 840, 845 Fed. Cir. 1984 . ref Under the Supreme Court s Lincoln ... of The Doctrine of the General Talking Pictures Case General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric ..., Inc. v. Medipart, Inc. , which had limited the applicability of the exhaustion doctrine when a sale ... Incv LGE Electronics Inc Comments on the Reaffirmance of the Exhaustion Doctrine in the United States ... General Talking Pictures case. The second format follows the pattern of the Mallinckrodt, Inc. v. Medipart ... 1304.05 1302.05 1264.05 1262.html LG Electronics, Inc. v. Bizcom Electronics, Inc. , 453 F.3d 1364 ... Circuit perhaps reasonably, see Quanta EIPR at 531 LG Electronics, Inc. v. Bizcom Electronics, Inc ... doctrine against derogation from title in British Leyland Motor Corp. v. Armstrong Patents Co. . This is the doctrine ... Components, Inc. v. Lexmark Int l, Inc. , 615 F.Supp.2d 575 E.D. Ky, 2009 , the district court reconsidered ... more details
Infobox Court Case name Sony Computer Entertainment v. Connectix Corporation court United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit date argued Sept. 14, 1999 date decided February 10, 2000 full name Sony Computer Entertainment v. Connectix Corporation citations 203 F.3d 596 9th Cir. 2000 judges Herbert Choy, William Canby Jr., and Barry G. Silverman Italic title force true Sony Computer Entertainment v. Connectix Corporation , 203 F.3d 596 2000 , is a decision by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals which ruled that the copying of a copyrighted BIOS software during the development of an emulator software does not constitute copyright infringement , but is covered by fair use . The court also ruled that Connectix Connectix Corp. had not tarnished Sony s Sony Playstation PlayStation trademark by selling its emulator software, the Virtual Game Station . Background of the case Connectix started the development of the Virtual Game Station VGS for the Macintosh platform in July 1998 with the aim of creating a software program that emulated Sony s popular PlayStation video games console s hardware and firmware . This would make it possible for the VGS users to play games developed for the PlayStation on Macintosh hardware, with plans to release a Windows PC compatible version at a later ... on the similar case between Sega Enterprises, Ltd. v. Accolade, Inc. Sega Enterprises Ltd. and Accolade Inc. in 1992, where the key finding relating to Connectix v. Sony was that copying for the purpose ... of their product. , finding it to be artificial. ref name case cite web title SONY COMPUTER ENTERTAINMENT v. CONNECTIX CORP., 203 F.3d 596 9th Cir. 2000 accessdate 23 May 2011 PD notice ref ... by making numerous intermediate copies that is, copies of copyrighted computer code created ... hollaar cite web last Hollaar first Lee A. title Chapter 2 Copyright of Computer Programs url http ... of emulators within the United States. ref name pettus See also Sega v. Accolade Connectix Reverse ... more details
about the German computer manufacturer the South African electricity public utility formerly known as both ESCOM and EVKOM Eskom unreferenced date November 2008 Image Escom.gif thumb 95px Escom corporate logo ESCOM , previously Schmitt Computer Systems Ltd., was a Germany German computer company, best known in the United States , United Kingdom , Germany , and the Netherlands as the successful purchaser of Commodore International in 1995. Escom was founded by Manfred Schmitt of Darmstadt , Germany as the computer division of his music company in 1986. It became a separate company in 1991. In 1993, it became a publicly traded company, and it grew rapidly, controlling 11.2 of the German PC market by 1994. During 1992 and 1993, a British operation was set up,with a distribution and assembly base in Irvine, North Ayrshire and a small number of retail stores. These followed the model established in Germany with small town centre shops which would customise PCs to order, rather than the out of town superstores and mail order businesses which dominated the UK market. In 1995 Escom s retail presence on the high streets of the United Kingdom expanded massively when it took over many branches of the Rumbelows electrical chain, which were being sold off by Rumbelows owner Thorn EMI . Also in 1995 Escom bought Commodore International for US 14 million, primarily to get the Commodore brand name. It started using the Commodore name on computers sold in Europe , and established a separate division for Amiga related technologies. The company grew too quickly, however, and lost 185 Million Deutschemark s that year. With no bailout from its shareholders, the company declared bankruptcy on 15 July 1996 and was liquidated. The Commodore assets were purchased the following year by Tulip Computers NV Tulip Computers , and the Amiga assets by Gateway Computers Gateway . Amiga companies Category Amiga companies Category Commodore International Category Defunct computer companies de Escom nl ... more details
The General Computer Corporation GCC is a printer company today, but was started in 1981 by Doug Macrae, John Tylko ref http www.aurora.aero company Management.aspx ref and Kevin Curran as a video game company. They started out making mod kits for existing arcade games for example Super Missile Attack , which was sold as an enhancement board to Atari s Missile Command . At first Atari sued, but ultimately dropped the suit and hired GCC to develop games for Atari and stop making enhancement boards for Atari s games without permission . ref Fulton, Steve 2008 , http www.gamasutra.com view feature 3766 atari the golden years a .php?page 16 Atari The Golden Years A History, 1978 1981 ref They also created an enhancement kit for Pac Man called Crazy Otto which they sold to Midway Games Midway , who in turn sold it as the sequel Ms. Pac Man . ref Kent, Steven L. 2001 , The Ultimate History of Video Games . ISBN 0 7615 3643 4 ref GCC made arcade games for Atari, such as Food Fight video game Food Fight , Quantum video game Quantum and the unreleased Nightmare . They also produced many Atari 2600 cartridges, including the 2600 versions of Ms. Pac Man and Centipede video game Centipede . They also produced over half of the Atari 5200 cartridges. They did the chip design for the Atari 7800 and the first round of cartridges for that base unit. In 1984 the company changed direction to make peripherals for Macintosh computers the HyperDrive the Mac s first internal hard drive , and the Personal Laser Printer the first QuickDraw laser printer . Presently the company focuses exclusively on laser printers. ref http www.gccprinters.com corporate history.html ref References reflist External ... and copyrights extended?autoplay true Video College Dreams the story of General Computer Play Value ON Networks Category Companies established in 1981 Category Computer printer companies Category ... Computer Corporation ... more details
no footnotes date November 2010 The Blue Meanies of AppleComputer was an engineering group primarily responsible for the architecture of System 7 Macintosh System 7 during the early and mid 1990s. The name, a reference to the evil characters of Pepperland in the movie Yellow Submarine 1968 film Yellow Submarine , originated with the Pink Blue split in Apple s operating system planning, where Pink was to be the further out project that ultimately became Taligent , while Blue designated incremental improvements to the shipping Mac OS. The Meanie part of the name derived from the group s architectural role, which frequently entailed telling engineers in other groups what to do. While the Meanies have sometimes been characterized as the coders of System 7 , the Mac OS was by then sufficiently large that major subsystems such as QuickDraw and QuickTime were developed and maintained by specialized groups, and the Meanies primarily focused on getting the pieces to work together. The name appeared outside of Apple as an Easter egg virtual Easter egg starting in System 7.0.1, where the text Help Help We re being held prisoner in a system software factory and The Blue Meanies was followed by a list of names. Subsequent releases were updated to track the comings and goings of people in the group. Since many of the Meanies were also the senior engineers interacting with developers at the Worldwide ... Apple Scott Boyd Lew Cirne David Collins Wayne Correia Chris Derossi Pete Helme Fred Huxham Don Louv Kevin MacDonell Brian McGhie Greg Marriott Jeff Miller Apple Jeff Miller Fred Monroe Sean Parent Stan ... File Nobody doubts that Apple s renowned system software programmers have a sense of humor. But here ... who formed Apple s System 7 bug shooting and quality control SWAT team. Interestingly, if you ... were provided by Domestic Partner Amy, the Underpaid Process Dude, or The Flake. Category AppleInc. employees ... more details
orphan date November 2009 Frosty Treats, Inc. v. Sony Computer Entertainment America, Inc. , Case citation 426 F.3d 1001 8th Cir. 2005 , is a trademark case in which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit held that the name of one of the largest ice cream truck franchise companies in the United States was neither distinctive nor famous enough to receive protection against being used in a violent video game. Background Frosty Treats, Inc. is the name of one of the largest ice cream truck street vendors in the United States. Their trucks uniformly feature a Frosty Treats logo, typically surrounded by the logos of various frozen snacks sold by the vender. Another feature of the trucks is the Safety Clown , an image of a clown pointing children towards the back of the vehicle. In the mid 1990s, Sony released Twisted Metal 2 , a video game that allows players to wreak havoc on simulated streets with a variety of vehicles including an ice cream truck prominently featuring a logo that says Frosty Treats . The video game ice cream truck is driven by a crazed clown known as Sweet Tooth Twisted Metal Sweet Tooth , one of many featured in the game. Lawsuit Frosty Treats, Inc. filed a lawsuit against Sony contending that the game infringed on the company s trademarks through the use of the phrase, Frosty Treats , as well as similarities between the video game clown and the company s own safety clown. The U.S. District Court for the Western District of Missouri granted summary judgment to Sony and dismissed the case, holding that the name could not be protected because it was generic. U.S. District Judge Scott Wright stated in his May 19, 2005 dismissal that the various depictions of the Sweet Tooth character in defendant s Twisted Metal series Twisted Metal games and plaintiff s Safety Clown are so dissimilar that no reasonable trier of fact could conclude that they are confusingly similar. http www.bizjournals.com kansascity stories 2004 07 26 focus5.html Additionally ... more details
Computer Control Company, Inc. 1953 1966 , informally known as 3C, was a pioneering minicomputer company known for its DDP series Digital Data Processor computers, notably the 1963 16 bit DDP 116 and the 24 bit DDP 24 . It was founded in 1953 by Dr. Louis Fein , the physicist who had earlier designed the Raytheon RAYDAC computer. ref Background, Vol. 7, No. 2 Aug., 1963 , pp. 109 110 published by Blackwell Publishing on behalf of The International Studies Association ref The company moved to Framingham, Massachusetts in 1959. Prior to the introduction of the DDP series it developed a series of digital logical modules, initially based on vacuum tubes. In 1966 it was sold to Honeywell Honeywell, Inc. . As the Computer Controls division of Honeywell, it introduced further DDP series computer, and was a 100,000,000 business until 1970 when Honeywell purchased GE s computer division and discontinued development of the DDP line. ref cite web url http www.series16.adrianwise.co.uk history ccc.html title Computer Control Company publisher Adrian Wise author Adrian Wise accessdate 2008 06 09 ref In a 1970 essay, Murray Bookchin used the DDP 124 as his example of computer progress cquote In 1945, J. Presper Eckert , Jr. and John W. Mauchly of the University of Pennsylvania unveiled the ENIAC ... it weighed more than thirty tons, contained 18,800 vacuum tubes with half a million connections ... erratically... Some twenty years later, the Computer Control Company of Framingham, Massachusetts offered the DDP 124 for sale. The DDP 124 is a small, compact computer that resembles a bedside AM ..., Minneapolis. Fein discusses establishing computer science as an academic discipline at SRI ... in 1953 Category Minicomputers Category Computer companies of the United States Category Defunct computer hardware companies Category Defunct computer companies of the United States Category Companies ... of Raytheon s RAYDAC Computer and the Computer Control Company. ... more details
Refimprove date February 2007 Computer Consoles Inc. or CCI was a telephony and computer company located ... of 68k based Unix computers and the Power 6 32 Unix supermini . History Computer Consoles Inc. CCI ... articles.sun sentinel.com 1985 06 04 business 8501220335 1 computer systems division harris corp minicomputer title New Harris Computer Introduced accessdate 2011 11 04 ref A companion 68010 based ..., NY, Irvine, CA and Reston, VA operations of Computer Consoles, Inc CCI . It was first established ..., and Jeffrey Tai, to develop one of the earliest versions of a smart computer terminal, principally ... of the smart computer terminal, and the expertise the company gained in understanding Operator Services, the company started development programs to offer networked computer systems that provided contract ... PERPOS S, which was originally a Version 7 Unix Version 7 derived kernel computer science kernel ... III compatibility. Later, Computer Consoles opened a development center in Irvine, California , USA ..., and the Computer Systems Research Group at the University of California, Berkeley also ported 4.3BSD ... access via a compact desktop smart terminal backed by a mini, or super mini computer. Although the system ... architectures. It continued to be used widely by ICL customers into the late 1990s. CCI Europe Inc CCI Europe Inc was the wholly owned European Sales and Support operations based in West London and established ... America & the Middle East. Having had a long computer industry career, he recruited industry professionals ... CCI range of computer and telephony products. CCI Europe maintained close co operation with Rochester ... & BT and became an integral aspect of the parent company. CCI Israel, Inc. CCI Israel, Inc ... language . It was a pioneer of design and deployment of real time, transaction processing computer ..., and a Computer Products Division in Irvine CCI Irvine , which manufactured computer hardware. Office ... GTE over GTE s failure to supply CCI with certain computer chips for a new generation of computers ... more details
Infobox Company name Computer Peripherals, Inc. logo File Computer Peripherals Inc.png 160px type Privately held company Private genre fate Merged predecessor Holley Computer Products successor Centronics foundation 1964 founder defunct End date 1982 location city Rochester, Michigan Rochester , Michigan location country United States location locations area served key people industry products Printers services market cap revenue operating income net income aum assets equity owner num employees parent Control Data Corporation divisions subsid homepage footnotes intl Computer Peripherals, Inc. CPI was an American manufacturer of Printer computing computer printers , based in Rochester, Michigan . CPI s precursor, Holley Computer Products, was formed as a joint venture between Control Data Corporation CDC and the Holley Performance Products Holley Carburetor Company in April 1962. Holley developed and produced a series of drum printers. In June 1964, CDC bought out Holley and partnered with NCR Corporation NCR and International Computers Limited ICL to form CPI in Rochester. ref name babbage cite web url http www.cbi.umn.edu collections inv cdc cbi00080 01.html title CDC Records Acquisitions, Subsidiaries, and Joint Ventures, 1952 1991 work Charles Babbage Institute accessdate 2006 07 07 ref In the early 1970s CPI also had a branch in Valley Forge, PA. This division made punched card readers and 9 track magnetic tape drives for both parent companies CDC and NCR . In 1978 CDC bought controlling interest of CPI. CPI produced several train printers under the CDC and Fastrain brands, including the CDC Model 512 1967 , the Fastrain A 1200 LPM 1969 and the Fastrain 9372 III 2000 LPM 1976 . ref name webster cite book last Webster first Edward year 2001 title Print Unchained 50 Years .... References Reflist Category Control Data Corporation Category Defunct computer companies of the United ... in 1964 Category Computer printer companies Category Companies disestablished in 1982 Category Defunct ... more details
Computer Memories Inc. CMI was a Chatsworth, California manufacturer of hard disk s during the early 1980s. CMI made basic stepper motor based drives, with low cost in mind. In August 1984 they secured a major contract as sole producer of 20 megabyte hard drives for the base model of the IBM PC AT . Unfortunately, the Singapore manufactured CM6000 drives proved highly unreliable. Dealers reported failure rates as high as 25 to 30 percent. ref Borrett, Lloyd. http www.borrett.id.au computing art 1985 09 01.htm Megabyte Tarnish , PC Australia , September 1985 url accessed June 17, 2006 ref Part of the problem was high demand for the PC AT IBM increased its order from 90,000 units in 1984 to 240,000 in 1985, and manufacturing quality suffered. Second, the design of the disk drive subsystem itself was flawed. ref http do info.com feature cmi ibm.html CMI s IBM Contract Blessing or Curse , Data Storage Report July 1985 ref At the same time, Quantum Corporation sued CMI for patent infringement relating to the Servomechanism servo mechanism in the entire CM6600 line of drives. Instead of putting the tracking grating on the head arm and driving the arm directly from a voice coil , like the Quantum designs, CMI made a composite motor that would bolt to the drive in place of the usual stepper motor, with the voice coil on the bottom and the tracking mechanism on top similar to DC servo motors used in process controls and robotics . CMI connected the motor to the arm with a metal band pulley, the same mechanism they used on their stepper motor drives. Since the feedback system was behind the pulley, it had to compensate for slack in the arm, one of several things the CMI firmware didn ... American Holdings, Inc. In 1995 it was renamed Pure World, Inc. after its largest subsidiary, a supplier ... histories Pure World Inc Company History.html Funding Universe Pure World, Inc. Hard disk drive manufacturers Category Defunct computer companies of the United States Category Computer storage companies ... more details
This article also uses YYYY M D date styles in the references. DISPLAYTITLE Motorola Mobility v. AppleInc. Motorola Mobility v. AppleInc. is one of a series of ongoing lawsuit s between technology companies Motorola Mobility and AppleInc. . In the year before AppleInc. litigation Applev. Samsung ..., Inc. v. AppleInc. , In the Matter of Certain Wireless Communication Devices, Portable Music and Data ... Mobility, Inc. v. AppleInc. and NeXT Software, Inc. , U.S. Dist. Ct., Dist. Del., 2010 10 8 AppleInc. v. Motorola, Inc. and Motorola Mobility, Inc. , U.S. Dist. Ct., W.Dist. Wisc., 2010 10 29 In the Matter ... v. Motorola , 337 TA 750, 2012 3 16 Apple, Inc. and Apple Sales International v. Motorola Mobility ... Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc. Quanta v. LG Electronics . ref name skullduggery Stern ... 13486316684325795728 Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG Electronics, Inc. , 128 S. Ct. 2109, 2008 accessed ... Apple allegation alleging patent infringement. ref name MoVsAp Motorola Mobility, Inc. v. AppleInc ... filed a complaint for a declaratory judgment against Apple and NeXT Software, Inc. ref Motorola Mobility, Inc. v. AppleInc. and NeXT Software, Inc. , U.S. Dist. Ct., Dist. Del., 2010 10 8. ref ... Mobility, Inc.. ref AppleInc. v. Motorola, Inc. and Motorola Mobility, Inc. , U.S. Dist ... a new action in the Western District of Wisconsin, AppleInc. v. Motorola Mobility, Inc. , alleging ... . ref Apple, Inc. and Apple Sales International v. Motorola Mobility, Inc. , case 12CV0355 JLS BLM ... patent licensing and litigation AppleInc. litigation AppleInc. v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. References ... and HTC Corporation High Tech ComputerCorp. HTC were already embroiled in a patent fight, Motorola ... Ends Applev. Motorola , IEEE Micro, ipv6.ppk.itb.ac.id, 2012 3 4, nowiki 3B2 9 mmi2012020003.3d 10 ... 750 notice03162012sgl 1.pdf ITC s ruling , in the case Applev. Motorola , 337 TA 750, 2012 3 16. ref ... that Apple Retail Germany GmbH, Apple Sales International, and AppleInc. infringed three of Motorola ... more details
Infobox COA case Litigants Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc Court United States Court of Appeals, Second ... DecideDate April 3 DecideYear 2009 FullName Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc. Citations http scholar.google.com scholar case?case 5425188118461692354 562 F.3d 123 Prior Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc. , No. 5 ... usc 15 1125 a , uscsub2 15 1125 a , USCSec 15 1114 , USCSec 15 1127 Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc ... Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc vol 456 reporter F.Supp.2d opinion 393 date 2006 court United ... litigants Rescuecom Corp. v. Google Inc vol 562 reporter F.3.d opinion 123 date 2009 court United ... by Google. The Second Circuit s holding in 1 800 Contacts, Inc. v. WhenU.com, Inc. 1 800 CONTACTS, INC. v. WhenU. com, Inc. ref name 1 800 Contacts cite court litigants 1 800 CONTACTS, INC. v. WhenU.com Inc. vol 414 reporter F.3d opinion 400 date 2005 court United States Court of Appeals for the Second ... courts outside the Second Circuit , as well as 1 800 Contacts Pop up ad lawsuit 1 800 CONTACTS, INC. v. WhenU. com, Inc. , a case heard by the Second Circuit appeals court. Both the district and appeals ... cite court litigants Wells Fargo & Co. v. WhenU.com, Inc. vol 293 reporter F.Supp.2d opinion 734 date ... UHaul cite court litigants U Haul International, Inc. v. WhenU.com, Inc. vol 279 reporter F.Supp.2d ... . ref The Second Circuit in 1 800 Contacts v. WhenU.com Inc. upheld the above line of reasoning, holding ... , a computer repair and support company, and Google , a web search and advertising company. Prior ... developed a piece of advertising software called Save Now . When installed on a user s computer, Save ... second circuit reverses in rescuecom v google adwords use of trademark is a use in commerce under the lanham act title Second Circuit Reverses Rescuecom v Google publisher Proskauer.com year 2009 ... of a trademark in an internal computer directory cannot constitute trademark use. The court ... Rescuecom v. Google author Eric Goldman date 3 April 2009 accessdate 21 October 2010 ref Google ... more details
35 101 AT&T Corp. v. Excel Communications, Inc. , Case citation 172 F.3d 1352 1999 ref name Fedcircuit AT&T Corp. v. Excel Communications, Inc., http www.ll.georgetown.edu federal judicial fed ... of Delaware concluded ref name district court AT & T Corp. v. Excel Communications, Inc., No. CIV.A.96 ...Infobox COA case Litigants AT&T CORP. & EXCEL COMMUNICATIONS, INC. Court United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit CourtSeal File US CourtOfAppeals FederalCircuit Seal.svg 180px ArgueDate ArgueYear DecideDate April 14 DecideYear 1999 FullName AT&T CORPORATION , Plaintiff Appellee, v. EXCEL COMMUNICATIONS MARKETING, INC., Defendant Appellant Citations 172 F.3d 1352 Prior 50 U.S.P.Q.2d 1447 United States District Court for the District of Delaware D. Dela. 1998 finding U.S. Patent No. 5,333,184 invalid for lack of statutory subject matter Subsequent Holding The claims are eligible for protection ... Com mu ni ca tions, Inc. and decided that AT&T Corp. had failed to claim statutory subject matter ... the case for further proceedings. Along with State Street Bank v. Signature Financial Group ref name ... 2010 Background The Two Sides AT&T Corp. , originally the en American Telephone & Telegraph Company ... agencies. This company is a subsidiary of AT&T AT&T Inc. and its subsidiary AT&T Communications ... Court s opinion in Diamond v. Diehr , ref name Diehr Diehr, http caselaw.lp.findlaw.com scripts ... v. Signature Financial Group ref name StateStreet State Street Bank v. Signature Financial , http ... result&resnum 3&ved 0CBkQ6AEwAjgK v onepage&q Excel 20Communications 20at 26t 20patent&f false ... cases that fell into this controversial situation after AT&T v. Excel. In this particular case, the Federal ... Inc. Homepage http www.fundinguniverse.com company histories EXCEL Communications Inc Company History.html EXCEL Communications Inc. History External links Steve White, http www.computerlaw.com.au dokuwiki ... of Business Methods in Australia, Europe and the United States , White SW Computer Law Oct ... more details
Infobox Court Case name Microsoft Corp. v. DAK Indus., Inc. court United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit image US CourtOfAppeals 9thCircuit Seal.svg date decided October 2, 1995 full name Microsoft Corporation v. Dak Industries Incorporated citations 66 Federal Reporter Federal Reporter, Third Series F.3d 1091 judges w William A. Fletcher William A. Fletcher , w Melvin T. Brunetti Melvin T. Brunetti , and w Thomas G. Nelson Thomas G. Nelson prior actions 27 Bankr.Ct.Dec. 118 Denied Microsoft s administrative expense claim subsequent actions opinions Buying a lump sum of software was found to be equivalent to buying a lump sum of physical goods when considering the economic realities ... property. Microsoft Corp. v. DAK Indus., Inc. 66 Federal Reporter Federal Reporter, Third Series F.3d ... microsoft v dak Microsoft Corp. v. DAK Indus., Inc. , http bulk.resource.org courts.gov c F3 66 66.F3d.1091.94 55029.html 66 F.3d 1091 9th Cir. 1995 . ref Background DAK Industries, a supplier of computer ... to use was also adopted in SoftMan Products Co. v. Adobe Systems Inc. When a consumer purchased ... softman v adobe SoftMan Products Co. v. Adobe Systems Inc. , http scholar.google.com scholar case?case ... the promotional CDs under the First Sale Doctrine. ref name umg v augusto UMG Recordings, Inc. v. Augusto , http scholar.google.com scholar case?case 11228310481413205056&q UMG Recordings, Inc. v. Augusto&hl ... States v. Wise dn date March 2012 Vernor v. Autodesk, Inc. References reflist 2 External links Carver .... ref name microsoft v dak Microsoft alleged that it was entitled to administrative expenses from ... distribution of its software. ref name microsoft v dak District Court and Bankruptcy Court opinion ... appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit . ref name microsoft v dak Opinion ... courts and denied Microsoft s claim. ref name microsoft v dak Subsequent developments Other cases The idea .... 2001 . ref In Universal Music Group v. Augusto , the court also looked at the economic realities ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 Infobox Court Case name Unitrin, Inc. v. American General Corp. court Supreme Court of Delaware image Seal of the Supreme Court of Delaware.svg imagesize 150 imagelink imagealt caption full name Unitrin, Inc., James E. Annable, Reuben L. Hedlund, Jerrold V. Jerome, George A. Roberts, Fayez S. Sarofim, Henry E. Singleton and Richard C. Vie v. American General Corp. In re Unitrin, Inc. Shareholders Litigation date decided January 11, 1995 citations Case citation 651 A.2d 1361 Del. 1995 transcripts judges Daniel L. Herrmann , John J. McNeilly, Jr. , Henry R. Horsey , Andrew G.T. Moore II , & Andrew D. Christie prior actions subsequent actions opinions keywords Unitrin, Inc. v. American General Corp. , 651 A.2d 1361 Del. 1995 is the leading case on a board of directors ability to use defensive measures, such as poison pill s or Share repurchase buybacks , to prevent a Takeover hostile takeover . The case demonstrates an approach to corporate governance that favors the primacy of the board of directors over the will of the shareholders. Facts American General Corp tendered an offer for a controlling block of shares of Unitrin. The Board of Directors of Unitrin, who held 23 of the shares, did not think the price offered was adequate and so initiated a poison pill and offered a buyback to increase their holdings to 28 of the total shares. The trial court found that the offer represented a threat of substantive coercion , and based on the Unocal v. Mesa Petroleum test, the poison pill was reasonable but the repurchase was not. The issue before the Supreme Court of Delaware was whether the repurchasing was a reasonable reaction to American General s threat. Judgment The Delaware Supreme Court found that the lower court erred in applying the Unocal standard ... threat. See also wikisource Unocal v. Mesa Petroleum , 493 A.2d 946 Del. 1985 DEFAULTSORT Unitrin, Inc. V. American General Corp. Category United States corporation case law Category Delaware state case ... more details
Infobox Court Case name TiVo Inc. v. EchoStar Corp court United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit date decided April 20, 2011 full name TIVO INC., Plaintiff Appellee, v. ECHOSTAR CORPORATION ... 1 TiVo Inc. v. EchoStar Corp., No. 2006 1574 Fed. Cir., January 31, 2008 . ref ref name Case 4 ... Inc. v. EchoStar Corp., No. 2009 1374 Fed. Cir., March 4, 2010 . ref ref name Case 5 http scholar.google.com ...&hl en&as sdt 2,5&as vis 1 TiVo Inc. v. Dish Network Corp., Civil Action No. 2 04 CV 01 E.D. Tex., June ... date May 21, 2011 url http jolt.law.harvard.edu digest software tivo incv echostar corp .... Timeline TiVo Inc. v. EchoStar Corp. stretched from January 2004 to April 2011, the timeline ... 2008 U.S. Supreme Court rejects hearing TiVo Inc. v. EchoStar Corp. November 2008 US Patent Office agrees ... to license TiVo s DVR technology. Opinion details TiVo Inc. v. EchoStar Corp., United States District ... EchoStar. ref name Case 1 TiVo Inc. v. EchoStar Corp., No. 2006 1574 Fed. Cir., January 31, 2008 ... sdt 2,5&as vis 1 TiVo Inc. v. Dish Network Corp., Civil Action No. 2 04 CV 01 E.D. Tex., September 4, 2009 . ref TiVo Inc. v. Dish Network Corp., Civil Action No. 2 04 CV 01 E.D. Tex., June 2, 2009 TiVo ... non infringing workarounds to its DVR software. ref name Case 4 TiVo Inc. v. EchoStar Corp., No. 2009 ... digest software tivo incv echostar corp ref to do so. With regards to the Disablement Provision ... name Case 4 TiVo Inc. v. EchoStar Corp., No. 2009 1374 Fed. Cir. April 20, 2011 en banc Majority Opinion ..., GAJARSA, LINN, LOURIE, MAYER, MOORE, NEWMAN, O MALLEY, PROST, RADER, AND REYNA TiVo Inc. v. EchoStar ..., Inc. TiVo Inc. sued EchoStar EchoStar Corp. claiming patent infringement of a DVR technology. The issues ..., the court held that EchoStar EchoStar Corp. had indeed infringed TiVo Inc s patent and was in contempt ... Corp. paid TiVo Inc. a licensing fee. Further, the court replaced the established contempt test with a single ... TiVo Inc s patent, resulting in the court issuing a permanent injunction against EchoStar Corp ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 Infobox SCOTUS case Litigants Stewart Organization, Inc. v. Ricoh Corp. ArgueDate February 29 ArgueYear 1988 DecideDate June 20 DecideYear 1988 FullName Stewart Organization, Inc. v. Ricoh Corp. USVol 487 USPage 22 Citation 108 S. Ct. 2239, 101 L. Ed. 2d 22 Prior Subsequent Holding Federal law governed District Court s decision whether to grant motion to transfer case to venue provided in contractual forum selection clause SCOTUS 1988 1990 Majority Marshall Concurrence Kennedy, joined by O Conner Dissent Scalia LawsApplied Stewart Organization, Inc. v. Ricoh Corp. , Case citation 487 U.S. 22 1988 , was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court further refined the test for determining whether federal courts sitting in diversity must apply state law as opposed to federal law known as an Erie doctrine Erie question . The question in Stewart was whether the federal venue transfer statute, 28 U.S.C. 1404 a , occupied the field or whether Alabama law s unfavorable stance towards forum selection clauses should instead by applied. The Court held that the federal statute governed the District Court s decision whether to give effect to the forum selection clause. Background information Stewart Organization, Inc. brought a suit against Ricoh Corp. arising out of a dealership agreement which obligated Stewart to market the Ricoh s copiers. The agreement included a forum selection clause specifying that suits were to be brought in Manhattan. When Steward filed suit in Alabama, Ricoh moved to transfer the case to Manhattan pursuant to the forum selection clause. However, the Alabama District Court denied the motion because Alabama law looks unfavorably upon contractual forum selection clauses. However, the court certified an interlocutory appeal, which the Eleventh Circuit accepted. The Eleventh Circuit narrowly reversed the District ... Act, 28 U.S.C. 1652, mandated the use of state law. Applying the RDA analysis in Hanna v. Plumer ... more details
SCCInfoBox case name Whirlpool Corp. v. Camco Inc. full case name Whirlpool Corp. v. Camco Inc. heard date December 14, 1999 decided date December 15, 2000 citations 2000 2 S.C.R. 1067 2000 SCC 67 docket 27208 ruling Appeal dismissed. SCC 1999 2000 Unanimous per Binnie J. NotParticipating Whirlpool Corp. v. Camco Inc. , 2000 2 S.C.R. 1067 2000 SCC 67, is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on patent s, namely claim patent claim claim construction Interpretation or claim construction construction and double patenting , whether a patent should be invalid because an invention was patented twice. The court adopted purposive construction as the means to construe patent claims. This judgement is to be read along with the related decision, Free World Trust v. lectro Sant Inc. , 2000 2 S.C.R. 1066, 2000 SCC 66. There the Court articulated the scope of protection provided by patents. Background Law In Canada the patent system prohibits two patents for the same invention. This is called double patenting. One type of double patenting is to compare the claims of the patents. Are they identical or conterminous? This is sometimes called same invention double patenting. There is a second type ofdouble patenting is sometimes called obviousness double patenting. Prior to this case it was unclear how to handle obviousness double patenting. Facts In the 1970s Whirlpool developed an inventive dual action agitator for clothes washing machines that utilized the bottom portion of the shaft for the usual oscillating motion back and forth but added an upper sleeve that was designed to work as a auger . The auger propelled water and clothing downwards onto the oscillating vanes of the lower agitator to produce more uniform scrubbing. This development work resulted in three Canadian patents. In the first patent 1,045,401 the dual agitator was powered by a drive shaft that was not at issue. A http patents.ic.gc.ca cipo cpd en patent 1049803 summary.html CIPO Patent 1,049,803 The second ... more details
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