Citations missing date October 2011 File RISC OS Application Directory Draw.png thumb 71px An example RISC OS application directory Draw An application directory is a grouping of software Object file code ... Desktop , and also form the basis of the Zero Install application distribution system. Similar technology includes VMware ThinApp , RUNZ , and the NEXTSTEP GNUstep Mac OS X concept of application ... to a hard disk, and uninstalled by deleting the application directory. Fixed contents File RISC OS Application Directory Draw Contents.png thumb 300px RISC OS Contents of the Draw application directory File RISC OS Application Directory Draw Sprites.png thumb 300px RISC OS Contents of Draw s Sprites22 file In order to support user interaction with application directories, several files have special status. Application binaries Launching an application directory causes the included file AppRun ... the application binary, usually called RunImage . Under the ROX Desktop, it is not uncommon for it to be a shell ... to view help files associated with an application directory without launching the application. RISC ... are common , while the ROX Desktop opens the application s Help subdirectory. Similarly, custom icons for the Application Directory may be contained within it either .DirIcon in any supported image ... to the Boot file to load the appropriate icons. Boot File RISC OS Application Directory Draw Files.png thumb 300px RISC OS Draw s Boot, Run and Help files RISC OS application directories may contain ... window, which defeats application booting ref cite web url http acorn.riscos.com riscos3 37 37DiscImage ... Acorn legacy FTP site accessdate 1 November 2009 ref . This allows an application to do tasks ... became known as shift booting . This was exploited in the RISC OS disc structure by having an application directory in the root of the default disc called Boot . This application directory is executed ... NEXTSTEP Application Virtualization Portable application creators RUNZ it it SpatialBundle SpatialBundle ... more details
Refimprove date February 2010 An application firewall is a form of Firewall computing firewall which controls input output input , output , and or System call access from, to, or by an application or service ... service calls which do not meet the configured policy of the firewall. The application firewall is typically ... application layer application layer . It is able to control applications or services specifically, unlike ... network traffic regarding a specific application. There are two primary categories of application firewalls, network based application firewalls and host based application firewalls . Network based application firewalls A network based application layer firewall is a computer networking firewall networking firewall operating at the application layer of a protocol stack , ref cite book title ...&dq application layer firewall v onepage&q application 20layer 20firewall&f false author Luis F. Medina ... based or reverse proxy firewall. Application firewalls specific to a particular kind of network traffic may be titled with the service name, such as a web application firewall. They may be implemented .... Because it acts on the application layer, it may inspect the contents of the traffic, blocking specified ... software. Modern application firewalls may also SSL acceleration offload encryption from servers , block application input output from detected intrusion prevention intrusions or Mangled packet malformed ... Laboratories , and Marcus Ranum described a third generation firewall known as an application layer ... used. The key benefit of application layer filtering is that it can understand certain applications ... abused in any harmful way. Host based application firewalls A host based application firewall can monitor any application input, output, and or system service calls made from, to, or by an application ... stack. A host based application firewall can only provide protection to the applications running on the same host. Application firewalls function by determining whether a process should accept ... more details
otheruses Provisional application disambiguation Patent law Under United States patent law , a provisional application is a Legal instrument legal document filed in the United States Patent and Trademark ... unless the applicant files a regular non provisional patent application within one year. There is no such thing ..., page 56, ISBN 1 4133 0516 4. ref A provisional application includes a specification, i.e. a description ... IDS . Furthermore, because no examination of the patentability of the application in view of the prior art is performed, the USPTO fee for filing a provisional patent application is significantly lower US 125 as of September 2011 than the fee required to file a standard non provisional patent application. A provisional application can establish an early effective filing date in one or more continuing patent application s later priority right claiming the priority date of an invention disclosed ... and current patent laws of other countries with different meanings. History The provisional application ... application thus provided a domestic filing equivalent matching the 12 month priority ... The earliest filing date of a provisional application may be very important where, for example ... to generate a complete non provisional application. In many cases, a provisional is filed the same day ... novelty . In other cases the provisional application is filed soon after such a disclosure in order ... application can also be used as the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property foreign ... Cooperation Treaty international application , but not for a design patent . The filing of a provisional application triggers a review period for the U.S. license necessary for the subsequent foreign ... , a translation will be required when and if a non provisional application claims the benefit of the provisional. A provisional application, as such, is never patent application examined by the USPTO ... later non provisional application file that references it, and thus becomes public upon issuance of a patent ... more details
An application for employment , job application , or application form often simply called an application ... of the application From the employer s perspective, the application serves a number of purposes ..., as each organization should have an application form that reflects its own environment . ref name ... At a minimum, an application usually requires the applicant to provide information sufficient to demonstrate that he or she is legally permitted to be employed. The typical application also requires .... The application itself is a minor test of the applicant s literacy , penmanship , and communication skills a careless job applicant might disqualify themselves with a poorly filled out application. The application may also require the applicant to disclose any criminal record , and to provide information ... that employs workers on a part time basis, the application may inquire as to the applicant s specific ... will frequently also require the applicant to complete a form application, as the other documents ... Owner s Manual 2005 , p. 122. ref In some instances, an application is effectively used to dissuade ... a printed copy of their application to an interview. ref A C Buddy Krizan, Patricia Merrier, Joyce P. Logan, Business Communication 2010 , p. 551. ref Application blanks are the second most common hiring ... use two types of application blanks, short and long. Citation needed date July 2011 They both help ... question for that applicant at a future date. Application blanks can either be done by hand or electronically, depending on the company. Citation needed date July 2011 When submitting an application ... tend to make the mistake of sharing too much information with the company and their application ... certain questions in person or on an application such as age, health status, religion, marital status, about children, race, height, weight, whom you live with and etc. Application Sections Applications ... application blanks are very useful for discovering are physical characteristics, experience, and socio ... more details
A database application is a computer program whose primary purpose is entering and retrieving information from a computer managed database . Early examples of database applications were accounting systems and airline reservations systems, such as Sabre computer system SABRE , developed starting in 1957. A characteristic of modern database applications is that they facilitate simultaneous updates and queries from multiple users. Systems in the 1970s might have accomplished this by having each user in front of a 3270 terminal to a mainframe computer . By the mid 1980s it was becoming more common to give each user a personal computer and have a program running on that PC that connected to a database Server computing server . Information would be pulled from the database, transmitted over a network ... application. A database application with a Web interface had the advantage that it could be used ... ref , in December 2010, as a software database application . A 2005 O Reilly book uses the term in its ... 21 December 2007 ac cessdate 2008 10 30 ref The etymology of the phrase database application comes ..., compilers, the file system, and tools such as the database management system, and application programs ... programs, photo editing programs, etc. would be application programs. As application is short for application program , database application is short for database application program . Not every program that uses a database would typically be considered a database application . For example, many ... into the database and therefore the overall program would not be called a database application . References ... data db2 ad Application Development with DB2 ibm.com http www.microsoft.com sqlserver 2008 en us app dev.aspx Microsoft SQL Server Application Development http www.oracle.com technetwork database features application development index.html Oracle Database Application Development Database DEFAULTSORT Database Application Category Software Category Databases Application ... more details
In computer programming , an application framework ref Cite web url http www1.cse.wustl.edu schmidt CACM frameworks.html title Object Oriented Application Frameworks ref consists of a software framework used by software developer s to implement the standard structure of an application software application for a specific development environment such as an operating system or a web application . ref Cite web url https developer.mozilla.org en Mozilla Application Framework in Detail title Mozilla Application Framework in Detail ref Application framework became popular with the rise of graphical user interface graphical user interfaces GUIs , since these tended to promote a standard structure for applications. Programmers find it much simpler to create automatic GUI creation tools when using a standard framework, since this defines the underlying code structure of the application in advance. Developers usually use object oriented programming techniques to implement frameworks such that the unique parts of an application can simply inherit from pre existing classes in the framework. Citation needed date April 2007 Examples Apple Computer developed one of the first commercial application frameworks, MacApp first released in 1985 , for the Apple Macintosh Macintosh . Originally written in an extended object oriented version of Pascal programming language Pascal , it later appeared rewritten in C . Other popular frameworks for the Mac include Metrowerks PowerPlant and MacZoop All based on Carbon computing Carbon . Cocoa software Cocoa for Mac OS X offers a different approach to an application framework, one based upon the OPENSTEP framework developed at NeXT . Free software frameworks exist as part of the Mozilla application framework Mozilla , OpenOffice.org , GNOME , KDE , NetBeans and Eclipse software Eclipse projects. Microsoft markets a framework for developing Microsoft ... RCP . Oracle Application Development Framework Oracle ADF aids in producing Java programming language ... more details
Patent law A patent application is a request pending at a patent office for the grant of a patent for the invention described and claim patent claimed by that application. An application consists of a description ... relating to the application. The term patent application is also used to refer to the process of applying ... the grant of a patent, a person, either legal or natural, must file an application at a patent office ... application is ambiguous. ref name Oxonica43 http www.bailii.org ew cases EWHC Patents 2008 2127.html ... privilege to which you will be entitled if your application be well founded is an institutional fact, and is temporal by its very nature. It ceases to exist as soon as your application is withdrawn ... s. ref The expression application is often employed without being conscious of its ambiguity. ref name ... a patent application is filed, that application could either be an application for a patent in a given country, or may be an application for a patent in a range of countries. The former are known ... Patent Office, to obtain a patent in the country of that office. The application may either be filed directly at that office, or may result from a regional application or from an international application ... A regional patent application is one which may have effect in a range of countries. The European ... a single application process. Filing and prosecuting an application at a regional granting office is advantageous ... Treaty PCT is operated by World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO and provides a centralised application ... 320px Exemplary PCT procedure, with a U.S. provisional application as a first filing The PCT system enables an applicant to file a single patent application in a single language. ref cite web url http ... steps Filing you file an international application, complying with the PCT formality requirements, in one language, and you pay one set of fees. ... ref The application, called an international application ... application in a centralised manner, therefore avoiding the need to repeat the steps in all ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A spatial application is a technological application such as video requiring high spatial Image resolution resolution , possibly at the expense of reduced temporal positioning accuracy , i.e., increased jerkiness . Examples of spatial applications include the requirement to display small characters and to resolve fine detail in still video , or in motion video that contains very limited motion. References FS1037C MS188 Category Display technology Tech stub ... more details
Application security encompasses measures taken throughout the application s life cycle to prevent exceptions in the security policy of an application software application or the underlying operating system ... , or Software maintenance maintenance of the application. Applications only control the use of resources ... the use of these resources by users of the application through application security. Open Web Application Security Project OWASP and Web Application Security Consortium WASC updates on the latest ... Web Applications. Methodology According to the patterns & practices Improving Web Application Security book, a principle based approach for application security includes ref name patternsbook http msdn2.microsoft.com en us library ms994920.aspx Improving Web Application Security Threats and Countermeasures ..., host and application. Incorporating security into your software development process Note that this approach ... Web Application Security book, the following terms are relevant to application security ref name ... that addresses a threat and mitigates risk. Application Threats Attacks According to the patterns & practices Improving Web Application Security book, the following are classes of common application ... attacker exploits an application without trace attacker covers his or her tracks Mobile application ... architectures and network precautions. Application security is provided in some form on most open OS ... Publications Display.aspx?Id c4ee46b6 36ae 46ae 95e2 cfb164b758b5 Application Security Framework ... of the development cycle. Vulnerability scanner s, and more specifically web application scanners ... review. Physical code reviews of an application s source code can be accomplished manually or in an automated ... check all circuitous paths of an application program to find vulnerability points. The human brain ... base to find the root cause level vulnerabilities. The two types of automated tools associated with application vulnerability detection application vulnerability scanners are Penetration Testing Tools ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A helper application is an external viewer program launched to display content retrieved using a web browser . Some common examples include Windows Media Player and QuickTime Player for playing streaming content. Unlike a plugin whose full code is included into browser code , a small line is added to the browser code to tell it to open a certain helper application in case it encounters a certain file format. See also ActiveX control Object Linking and Embedding Overlay operating system Plug in computing shell script Video player software XCMD DEFAULTSORT Helper Application Category Web browsers Web software stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 In computing , a horizontal application is a Computer software software package designed to be used by many different kinds of organizations or individual users, such as office automation, Word processor word processing or bookkeeping software.These general purpose programs address the needs of many people. Marketing, Piping, Finance, Accounting and Management are the main areas which use horizontal applications. In contrast with vertical application . DEFAULTSORT Horizontal Application Category Computing terminology Compu stub es Aplicaci n horizontal eu Aplikazio horizontal ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Application sharing is an element of remote access , falling under the collaborative software umbrella, that enables two or more users to access a shared application or document from their respective computers simultaneously in real time. Generally, the shared application or document will be running on a host computer, and remote access to the shared content will be provided to other users by the host user. Granting access Access is typically granted in one of three ways, depending on the architecture of the application sharing software. 1. If the software allows the shared content to be accessed from the web, the host user will usually define and provide a username password combination to the remote users he she wishes to grant access to they can then enter the log in information on the appropriate website and access the shared material. One example of software that features application sharing in this manner is Qnext . 2. If the software is required on both ends to access the shared content, granting access will be governed by the mechanisms of that particular software, but will usually require some sort of user authentication as well. One example of software that features application sharing in this manner is MSN Messenger . 3. The shared content being an application or entire desktop can be accessed using a permission based software approach. This technique helps to ensure that the application or desktop being controlled cannot be accessed without direct live approval, helping to eliminate the security risk of taking control of a desktop when ..., and manipulate the shared content most application sharing software allows the host to revoke ... instantly apparent changes in real time. Application sharing has been included in every version of Windows ... Remote access Open Xchange DEFAULTSORT Application Sharing Category Collaboration Category Groupware de Desktop Sharing Application Sharing ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2009 An anonymity application is any software application which can be used to access a network, such as the Internet , anonymously . The application can use either private or public proxy server anonymous proxy servers , encryption or even spoofing attack spoofing , diversion and obfuscation to ensure an anonymous and or difficultly traceable access to a resource. Examples Anonymous P2P , I2P I2P anonymous network , Tor anonymity network , Phantom Anonymity Protocol Phantom , Bitblinder File sharing protocols Category Anonymity networks Category Anonymous file sharing networks Category Internet privacy Category Crypto anarchism network software stub ... more details
In software engineering , domain analysis , or product line analysis , is the process of analyzing related software systems in a Applicationdomaindomain to find their common and variable parts. It is a model of wider business context for the system. The term was coined in the early 1980s by James Neighbors. ref Neighbors, J.M. http www.bayfronttechnologies.com l02draco.htm diss80 Software Construction ... Domain analysis is the first phase of domain engineering . It is a key method for realizing systematic ... dl oosdw3 ch13.html Domain Analysis , chapter 13, Object Oriented System Development . Addison Wesley. ISBN 0 201 56355 X. ref Domain analysis produces domain model s using methodologies such as domain ... , which describe all of the system s in a domain. Several methodologies for domain analysis have ... Transactions on Software Engineering, 31 7 , July, pp. 529 536. ref The products, or artifacts , of a domain ... s can use these models as a basis for the implementation of software architecture s and Application software application s. This approach to domain analysis is sometimes called model driven engineering . In information science , the term domain analysis was suggested in 1995 by Birger Hj rland and H. Albrechtsen. ref B. Hj rland, H. Albrechtsen, Toward a New Horizon in Information Science Domain ... 425 ref ref http www.iva.dk bh core 20concepts 20in 20lis articles 20a z Domain 20analysis.htm Birger Hj rland s definition of domain analysis ref Domain analysis techniques Several domain analysis ... processes. Some of them are as follows DARE Domain Analysis and Reuse Environment http wfrakes.wordpress.com ... Domain Analysis FODA http www.sei.cmu.edu reports 90tr021.pdf IDEF0 for Domain Analysis http 4c.ucc.ie web upload publications article IDEF0Simran.pdf References references See also Domain engineering Feature Model Product Family Engineering Domain specific language Model driven engineering DEFAULTSORT Domain Analysis Category Software design Soft eng stub it Analisi del dominio nl Domeinanalyse ... more details
An admissions or application essay , sometimes also called a personal statement , is an essay or other written statement written by an applicant, often a prospective student applying to some college , university , or graduate school . The application essay is a common part of the university and college admissions process. Some applications may require one or more essays to be completed, other others make essays optional or supplementary. Essay topics range from very specific to open ended. Common topics include career aspirations, academic strengths and weaknesses, past experiences, and reasons for applying to a particular school. The University of Chicago is known for its unusual essay prompts in its undergraduate admissions application, including What would you do with a foot and a half tall jar of Mustard condiment mustard ? ref Tamar Lewin, http www.nytimes.com 2010 01 01 education 01chicago.html Earful Over Cheeky University Essay December 31, 2009 . New York Times . ref ref http magazine.uchicago.edu 0502 chicagojournal report.shtml College Report . Chicago Journal. ref The Common Application , used for undergraduate admissions by many American colleges and universities, requires a general admissions essay, in addition to any supplemental admissions essays required by member institutions. The Common Application offers students six admissions essay prompts from which to choose. ref http collegeapps.about.com od essays a EssayPrompts.htm ref The application process for All Souls College, Oxford has the reputation of being the hardest examination in the world. It consists of several specialist papers and, until 2010, also required candidates to write an essay upon a topic suggested by a single word such as Possessions , which was the topic of successful Fellow , A. L. Rowse . This was especially challenging because it provided great scope to demonstrate imagination ... also College application References reflist Category University and college admissions ... more details
Not to be confused with partial evaluation . In computer science , partial application or partial function application refers to the process of fixing a number of arguments to a function, producing another function of smaller arity . Given a function math scriptstyle f colon X times Y times Z to N math , we might fix or bind the first argument, producing a function of type math scriptstyle text partial f colon Y times Z to N math . Evaluation of this function might be represented as math f partial 2, 3 math . Note that the result of partial function application in this case is a function that takes two arguments. Motivation Intuitively, partial function application says if you fix the first parameter computer science argument s of the function, you get a function of the remaining arguments . For example, if function div stands for the division operation x y , then div with the parameter x fixed at 1 i.e. div 1 is another function the same as the function inv that returns the multiplicative inverse of its argument, defined by inv y 1 y . The practical motivation for partial application is that very often the functions obtained by supplying some but not all of the arguments to a function are useful for example, many languages have a function or operator similar to code plus one code . Partial application makes it easy to define these functions, for example by creating a function that represents ... form by default. Supplying fewer than the total number of arguments is referred to as partial application ... and code papply code to perform currying and partial application explicitly. This might incur a greater ... sup partial application, currying and uncurrying can be defined as code papply code a × ... www.cis.upenn.edu bcpierce sf Poly.html lab97 Partial Application , http www.cis.upenn.edu bcpierce ... wiki Partial function application Partial function application on Rosetta code. http www.haskell.org haskellwiki Partial application Partial application at Haskell Wiki http www.haskell.org haskellwiki ... more details
students receive application assistance and advice from their high school guidance counselor. Students .... These applications typically waive the application fee, don t require essays, and assured ... can be called Advantage Application, Candidate s Choice Application, and Distinctive Candidate Application ... house clearing house for undergraduate admissions. Applicants submit a single application for up ... and veterinary science courses. The application also includes current and expected qualifications ... grades if the applicant is still in education . Additional forms are required for application ... and sometimes further testing. Gaming the college application process better title needed for this section Deleted image removed Image Acing large.jpg thumb left 175px Acing the College Application ... all applicants to sign a pledge attesting that their application is my own, honest statement, and requiring applicants to give permission to Harvard to contact all persons named in the application ... The Common Application , a form accepted by over 200 colleges and universities in the United States. http www.universalcollegeapp.com Universal College Application , a new application made by the same ... www.college.gov college.gov U.S. Department of Education DEFAULTSORT College Application Category ... more details
Notability date October 2011 A programming domain defines a specific kind of use for a programming language . Some examples of programming domains are Application software General purpose applications Rapid software prototyping Financial time series analysis Natural language processing Artificial intelligence reasoning Expert systems Relational database querying Theorem proving Systems design and implementation Application scripting Domain specific applications Programming education Internet Symbolic mathematics Numerical mathematics Statistical applications Text processing Matrix algorithms See also Domain specific language Unreferenced date June 2007 compu lang stub Category Programming language topics Domain Category Computer languages ... more details
USB drive can carry portable applications A portable application portable app , sometimes also called ... from an operating system. This type of application is stored on a removable storage device such as a Compact ... s. Portable Windows applications A portable application does not leave its files or settings on the host computer. Typically the application does not write to the Windows registry or store its ... and files to the host computer when the application starts and move them back to the application s directory when it closes. An alternative strategy for achieving application portability within Windows, without requiring application source code changes, is application virtualization An application ... calls, then redirects these to other persistent storage without the application s knowledge. This approach leaves the application itself unchanged, yet portable. The same approach is used for individual application components Run time library run time libraries , Component Object Model COM components or ActiveX , not only for the entire application. ref cite web title Portable Application ... the need for an application specific registry for its Windows operating system as far back as 2005. ref cite web title Portable Application Registry url http ip.com patapp US20070136241 publisher ip.com ... mentioned above, via its Application Compatibility Database ref cite web last Ionescu first Alex title Secrets of the Application Compatilibity Database SDB Part 1 url http www.alex ionescu.com ... PATH mnt usr lib mnt usr bin w3m www.example.com A Linux application without need for a user interaction ... archivedate December 13, 2010 ref See also Comparison of application launchers Application virtualization ... Portable application creators PortableApps.com RUNZ VMware ThinApp Virtual appliance U3 http www.zitralia.com ... program de Portable Software es Aplicaci n port til eo Portebla programaro fr Application portable ... pl Aplikacja przeno na pt Aplicativo port til ru simple Portable application ... more details
word processor . OpenOffice.org is a popular example of open source application software. File Gimp ... freely distributed software . Application software , also known as an application or an app , for redirect from Software application is computer software designed to help the user to perform specific ... and media player application software media player s. Many application programs deal principally ... and need never install one. Application software is contrasted with system software and middleware ... of tasks that benefit the user. The system software serves the application, which in turn ... to transport passengers. Application software applies the power of a particular computing platform ..., a Geographic information system Geography application for Microsoft Windows Windows or an Android operating system Android application for Educational software education or Linux gaming . Sometimes a new and popular application arises which only runs on one platform, increasing the desirability of that platform. This is called a killer application . Terminology In information technology , an application is a computer program designed to help people perform an activity. An application thus ... . Depending on the activity for which it was designed, an application can manipulate text, numbers, graphics, or a combination of these elements. Some application packages offer considerable computing ... how important it is. The delineation between system software such as operating system s and application ... piece of application software. As another example, the GNU Linux naming controversy is, in part ... over this Kernel computing kernel . In some types of embedded system s, the application software ... see Application Portfolio Management Definition of an applicationApplication Portfolio Management ... popular news accounts restricted to mobile apps . Application software classification Application software falls into two general categories horizontal applications and vertical application s. Horizontal ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced July 2011 cleanup October 2007 orphan February 2009 Application Fabrication refers to the process where computer applications are built by searching, matching, customizing, morphing, gluing, and hosting existing applications together. We have seen generations and generations of operating systems out there, that we keep upgrading our computers with, but we seldom directly use these operating systems. What we need is computer applications that really help in our personal information management, business processes, etc. In the open source era, where you can easily find hundreds of say content management systems, or customer relation management system, or human resource systems, we can either use them alone, or can glue them together via SOAP, XML, or other glueware, to fabricate new applications. In the eighties, we call that system integration, and now with the advances of technologies, multicore CPUs, open source foundries, virtual machine technologies, a proliferation of glueware technologies and standards, that we can actually fabricate more and more applications based on an evolving layers of existing applications and the new apps can then feed back into the ecosystem for recycling. There is earlier citation for Business Application Fabrication http www.xicommunity.ca Portal Portals 57ad7180 c5e7 49f5 b282 c6475cdb7ee7 WhatisXICommunityandXIFactory.pdf which largely refers to how to build application using Microsoft .Net application development environment only, and does not have the glue concept for a variety of large application objects systems. It seems natural we started developing software independently by weaving lines and lines of codes together, to the era where we group together independent developers via forges like http www.sourceforge.net , and then the resulting applications being fabricated together to create new applications. See also Mashup web application hybrid Web 2.0 Yahoo Pipes Microsoft Popfly IBM Mashup Center Ubiquity ... more details
A charting application is a computer program that is used to graphically create a graphical representation a chart based on some non graphical data that is entered by a user, most often through a spreadsheet application, but also through a dedicated specific scientific application such as through a symbolic mathematics computing system, or a proprietary data collection application , or using an List of online spreadsheets online spreadsheet service. Charting applications often have capabilities to create charts of different types. They permit the user to add embellishments to the chart which are not always easily done if a chart is produced using conventional paper and pencil methods, such as changing colours, titles, labels, axes, and so on. Charting applications allow the capabilities of adding dynamically trendlines to graphical data and so on. Online spreadsheets such as EditGrid may even allow hosting a chart on the World Wide Web web and publishing it on a web page. There are several online charting services available, the most popular one being the U.S. Department of Education s Institute of Education Sciences http nces.ed.gov nceskids createAgraph NCES Chart . See also List of information graphics software software type stub Category Charts ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Inundative biological control refers to the release of overwhelming numbers of a mass produced biological control agent in the expectation of achieving a rapid reduction of a pest animal pest population without necessarily achieving continuing impact. DEFAULTSORT Inundative Application Category Biological pest control Biology stub ... more details
Demonolithicized application is the result of breaking a monolithic application ref Decoupling Monolithic Application Module MIFOS 4305 ref into small manageable pieces the deliver the same or superior business results. The word derives from the Latin word monolithus from the Greek word monolithos , derived from one or single and stone . Software that has grown over time can become monolithic and become unmanageable. Many first and second generation software had to be built in a monolithic structure to allow the application to deliver the desired business benefit. With the introduction of object oriented programming in the late 1980s many applications were demonolithicized in their next release. As software ages even OO code it has a tendency to become monolithic ref Cardelli, Luca 1996 . Bad Engineering Properties of Object Oriented Languages . ACM Comput. Surv. ACM 28 150. doi 10.1145 242224.242415. ISSN 0360 0300. ref and will require extensive work to demonolithicize it or require a complete re write. History Software development usually starts out with clear guidelines for structure and format and initial developers are often more experienced than those that follow in their footsteps. As young programmer, ref Paul Graham has suggested that the purpose of OOP is to act as a herding mechanism ... Graham, Paul. Why ARC isn t especially Object Oriented. . ref who don t understand the long term support issues that accompany poor coding practices, begin to add code, the monolith begins. Then sales people want this, that and the other thing added to the software and it begin to grow at a geometric rate. As the application begins to bloat, it is more difficult ... and other application interfaces. Proponents Transitioning Monolithic Applications http objectmix.com object 195352 transitioning monolithic application brokered objects.html Decoupling Monolithic Application Module MIFOS 4305 http mifosforge.jira.com wiki display MIFOS Decoupling Monolithic Application ... more details
uid TP40009259 SW1 publisher Apple Inc. accessdate 2011 03 16 ref Similar in concept are the Application Directory application directories used in RISC OS and on the ROX Desktop , and the RUNZ bundles in Super OS . Mac OS X application bundles Application bundles are directory hierarchies, with the top level directory having a name that ends with a tt .app tt extension. In an application bundle ... . Within tt Contents tt there is usually another directory called tt MacOS tt on Macs, or using the application s name on GNUstep , which contains the application s executable code. Within the tt Contents ... of the application. Among other things, the tt Resources tt folder contains localized versions of the application s Interface Builder nib file s. Other common subdirectories include tt Plugins tt ... used by the application, and are used even if another version of the framework exists on the system. The tt Shared Frameworks tt directory contains frameworks that can be used both by the application ... on the system. tt Plugins tt contains extensible code used by the application. Mac OS X framework ... as plug in computing plug ins . An example of an application that traditionally supports bundles is Apple ... into an application bundle. See also Application Directory &mdash the RISC OS analogue to an application bundle klik packaging method klik &mdash A Linux application that makes use of similar principles ... to create application bundles around scripts http filext.com file extension lproj File extension details DEFAULTSORT Application Bundle Category NeXT Category Mac OS X Category Mac OS development ... more details
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