Infobox disease Name Apraxia ICD10 ICD10 R 48 2 r 47 ICD9 ICD9 438.81 , ICD9 784.69 ICDO Image Caption ... Apraxia is characterized by loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements, ref DorlandsDict one 000007165 apraxia ref despite having the desire and the physical ability ... by damage to specific areas of the cerebrum . Apraxia should not be confused with ataxia , a lack ... side of the body as occurring on the other. There are many different forms of apraxia. Some are listed below Buccofacial or orofacial apraxia. Difficulty carrying out movements of the face on demand. For example, an inability to lick one s lips or whistle. Ideational apraxia. Loss of ability to carry .... Ideomotor apraxia. Loss of ability to voluntarily perform a learned task when given the necessary ..., or try to comb one s hair with a toothbrush. Limb kinetic apraxia. Difficulty making precise movements with an arm or leg. Verbal apraxia. Trouble coordinating mouth movements and speech. ref name ... Neurology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA Saunders Elsevier 2007 chap 4. ref The root word of apraxia is praxis ... . ref name Heilman Types There are several types of apraxia including Ideational Conceptual Apraxia ... volume 25 issue 21S pages 1 13 ref Ideomotor Apraxia These patients have deficits in their ability to plan ... 20of 20action 20disorders 3A 20Common 20clinical 20deficits. ref Buccofacial or orofacial apraxia ..., whistle, cough, or wink Constructional apraxia inability to draw or construct simple configurations , such as intersecting pentagons gait apraxia Limb kinetic apraxia Difficulty making precise movements with an arm or leg. Oculomotor apraxia difficulty moving the eye, especially with saccade movements . This is one of the 3 major components of Balint s syndrome . Apraxia of speech difficulty planning the movements necessary for speech , also known as Apraxia of Speech see below Each type may ... like a toothbrush and ask them to use it. Verbal apraxia of speech Apraxia may be accompanied ... more details
Cleanup date August 2010 Infobox disease Name Ideomotor apraxia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 784.69 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D020240 Ideomotor Apraxia , often ... intact, but is often lost. The general concept of apraxia and the classification of ideomotor apraxia ... Heymann Steinthal , among others. Ideomotor apraxia was classified as ideo kinetic apraxia ... pmid12870824 cite journal author Goldenberg G title Apraxia and beyond life and work of Hugo Liepmann ... of diagnosis and pathophysiology. Ideomotor apraxia is hypothesized to result from a disruption of the system ... seen to be damaged when ideomotor apraxia is present the left parietal lobe and the premotor cortex . Little can be done at present to reverse the motor deficit seen in ideomotor apraxia, although the extent of dysfunction it induces is not entirely clear. Signs and Symptoms Ideomotor apraxia IMA impinges ... Apraxia journal Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders year 2005 month Spring ... apraxia is the inability to pantomime tool use. As an example, if a normal individual were handed ... his hair. If this were repeated in a patient with ideomotor apraxia, the patient may move the comb ... symptom of ideomotor apraxia is the inability to imitate hand gestures, meaningless or meaningful ... from ideomotor apraxia will know what they are supposed to do, e.g. they will know to wave goodbye .... This voluntary type of action is distinct from spontaneous actions. Ideomotor apraxia patients ... lose this capability, as well. ref name Wheaton Wheaton, LA and M Hallett Ideomotor apraxia ... understanding what waving goodbye means when it is seen, seems to be unaffected by ideomotor apraxia ... lesions a perspective on apraxia. , Neuropsychologia , 39 210. ref It has also been shown that ideomotor apraxia sufferers may have some deficits in general spontaneous movements. Apraxia patients ... tapping rate correlated with more severe apraxia. It has also been demonstrated that apraxic patients ... more details
Apraxia of Speech AOS is an Motor speech disorders oral motor speech disorder affecting an individual ... is still unknown. Like other apraxia s, AOS only affects Volition psychology volitional willful ... messages from the brain to the mouth. The speech disorder, Apraxia of Speech, can be divided into two specific types Acquired Apraxia of Speech AOS and Childhood Apraxia of Speech CAS . Acquired Apraxia of Speech is a loss of prior speech ability resulting from a brain illness or injury which occurs in both children and adults. Childhood Apraxia of Speech is an inability to utilize motor planning .... Characteristics Apraxia of Speech AOS is a neurogenic Communication disorder communication disorder ... five speech characteristics that an individual with apraxia of speech may exhibit ref name Wertz cite book author Rosenbek, John C. Wertz, Robert T. LaPointe, Leonard L. title Apraxia of speech in adults ... apraxia of speech A longitudinal case study journal Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics year 2010 ... Boutsen first F. R. coauthors Christman, S. S. title Prosody in apraxia of speech journal Seminars ... syllables and a limited range of consonants and vowels. Diagnosis Apraxia of speech can be diagnosed ... used in diagnosis. SLPs do not agree on a specific set of characteristics that make up the Apraxia ... disorders such as expressive aphasia, conduction aphasia, and dysarthria involve similar symptoms as Apraxia ... patients with Apraxia are able to fully comprehend speech, while patients with Aphasia are not always ... disorder that is similar to, but not the same as, Apraxia of Speech. Although Conduction Aphasia involves ... Cause of Childhood Apraxia of Speech The cause of Childhood Apraxia of Speech CAS , also known as Developmental ... Apraxia of Speech url http www.nidcd.nih.gov health voice pages apraxia.aspx work National Institute ... October volume 68 issue 2 pages 309 320 doi 10.1016 j.neuron.2010.10.001 ref Causes of Acquired Apraxia ... book author Robin, Donald P. Hall, Penelope Linda K. Jordan title Developmental Apraxia of Speech Theory ... more details
Ideational apraxia IA is a Neurology neurological disorder which explains the loss of ability to conceptualize ... 15806418 ref Ideational apraxia is a condition in which an individual is unable to plan movement related ... apraxia and naturalistic action journal Cognitive Neuropsychology volume 15 pages 617&ndash ... journal doi 10.1159 000067027 author Fukutake T. year 2003 title Apraxia of tool use An autopsy case ... under several names such as, agnosia of utilization, conceptual apraxia or loss of knowledge about the use ... awh560 author Zadikoff C, Lang AE. year 2005. title Apraxia in movement disorders. journal Brain volume 128 issue Pt 7 pages 1480&ndash 97 pmid 15930045 ref The term apraxia was first created by Steintha ... apraxia Confusion that began with Liepmann. journal Neuropsychological Rehabilitation volume ... apraxia The quantitative simulation of patient error profiles journal Cortex volume 43 pages 319 ... apraxia as a selective deficit of contention scheduling. journal Cognitive Neuropsychology volume ... apraxia is a difficult disorder to diagnose. That is because the majority of individuals who have this disorder ... APRAXIA WITH IMPAIRMENT OF OBJECT USE AND PRESERVATION OF OBJECT. journal Cortex volume 30 issue ... to produce two patients with the same brain damage that showed ideational apraxia . The major ideas ... Apraxia &mdash neuroscience and clinical aspects. A research synthesis. journal Nervenarzt volume ... hemisphere. Pathophysiology Ideational apraxia is characterized by the mechanism that the patient ... is seen in ideational apraxia because an object appears to capture the attention of the patient ... where in the brain the action schema pathway is severed. ref name Cooper Therapy Ideational apraxia ... as that of ideomotor apraxia . ref Unsworth, C.A. 2007 . Cognitive and Perceptual Dysfunction. In S. B ..., as the patients develop new behaviors to cope with their apraxia their brain s functioning neurons are able to grow over the areas of dead or damaged cortical tissue. In some cases the apraxia just ... more details
Motor speech disorders are a class of speech disorder that disturb the body s natural ability to speech speak . These disturbances vary in their etiology based on the integrity and integration of cognitive, neuromuscular, and Human musculoskeletal system musculoskeletal activities. Speaking is an act dependent on thought and timed execution of airflow and oral motor oral placement of the lip s, tongue , and jaw that can be disrupted by weakness in oral musculature dysarthria or an inability to execute the motor movements needed for specific speech sound production apraxia of speech apraxia . Such deficits can be related to pathology of the nervous system central and or peripheral systems involved in motor planning that affect the timing of respiration, phonation, prosody, and articulation in isolation or in conjunction. Dysarthria main Dysarthria Dysarthria is the reduced ability to motor plan volitional movements needed for speech production as the result of weakness paresis and or paralysis of the musculature of the oral mechanism needed for Respiration physiology respiration , phonation , resonance , articulation , and or Prosody linguistics prosody . Apraxia main Apraxia of speech Apraxia is the inability to motor plan volitional movement for speech production in the absence of muscular weakness. Speech and voice symptoms and signs Category Neurological disorders Category Communication disorders Category Symptoms and signs Speech and voice ... more details
Apractagnosia is apractagnosia constructional apraxia , which is apraxia manifested as an impairment in activities such as building, assembling, and drawing. Etymology The word Apractagnosia stems from Greek language Greek A inability Praktea things to be done Gnosis recognition . Etiology Apractagnosia is usually caused by lesions in the of the right parietal lobe. It is one of the symptoms of Middle cerebral artery syndrome . It can be also caused by hepatic encephalopathy due to cerebral edema . Symptoms include neglect of the left half of extra personal space, neglect of the left side of the patient s body, and occasionally, the inability to dress oneself. References Essential Neurology, 2005 Wilkinson, Iain and Lennox, Graham June 2005 . Essential Neurology 4th ed. . Wiley Blackwell. p. 9 ISBN 978 1 4051 1867 5. Category Neurological disorders Neuroscience stub it Aprassia costruttiva ... more details
Image Liepmann.jpg right thumb Hugo Liepmann Hugo Karl Liepmann April 9, 1863 May 6, 1925 was a German neurologist and psychiatrist who was a native of Berlin . From 1895 to 1899 he was an assistant to Carl Wernicke in Breslau , and in 1901 received his habilitation at the Charit Berlin. From 1914 to 1920 he was director of the Herzberge asylum in Berlin. Liepmann is remembered for his pioneer work involving cerebrum cerebral localization of function. From anatomy anatomical studies, he postulated that planned or commanded actions were controlled in the parietal lobe of the brain s dominant hemisphere, and not in the frontal lobe . Beginning in 1900, he began extensive work with a disorder he called apraxia . Apraxia is the inability to act or move different parts of the body in a purposeful manner, even though the physical capability of movement is normal. Liepmann believed that damage in the parietal lobe prevented activation of learned sequences of actions that are necessary to produce desired results on command. As a result of his studies, he divided apraxia into three types ideational object blindness, where the patient is incapable of making appropriate use of familiar objects upon command. ideomotor the inability to follow verbal commands or mimic an action, such as saluting or waving goodbye. kinetic energy kinetic clumsiness in performing a precision act that is not due to paralysis , muscle weakness, or sensory loss. References http science.jrank.org pages 465 Apraxia.html Science Encyclopedia Apraxia Parts of this article are based on a translation of the equivalent article from the German Wikipedia. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Liepmann, Hugo ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH April 9, 1863 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH May 6, 1925 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Liepmann, Hugo Category German neurologists Category 1863 births Category 1925 deaths Category German psychiatrists Category People from Berlin de Hugo Liepmann ... more details
field as a whole simultanagnosia , difficulty in fixating the eyes ocular apraxia , and inability ... Nov 15 13 8 1080 7 ref Ocular apraxia See also Apraxia Ocular apraxia is exemplified by the inability to carry out familiar movements when asked to do so. Persons with apraxia understand such commands .... Diseases and conditions ref Apraxia of speech, also known as verbal apraxia or dyspraxia, is a speech .... Apraxia of speech is often present along with another speech disorder called aphasia . At times ... Apraxia of Speech. National Institutes of Health. Apraxia of Speech ref B lint referred to this as psychic ... factor or test that can be used to diagnose apraxia. In addition, speech language experts do not agree about which specific symptoms are part of developmental apraxia. In some cases, people with acquired apraxia of speech recover some or all of their speech abilities on their own. In other ... problems that may occur together with apraxia, is often helpful. ref name NIDCD Optic ataxia ... apraxia a patient raising a fork or spoon containing food to a point on the patient s face above or below ..., ocular apraxia, optic ataxia each may represent a variety of combined defects. ref name rizzo Rizzo ... more details
br.fcgi?book gene&part aoa2 GeneReviews NCBI NIH UW entry on Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia Type 2 http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov omim 606002,608465 OMIM entries on Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia Type ..., is mutant in ataxia ocular apraxia 2. journal Nat. Genet. volume 36 issue 3 pages 225 7 year 2004 ... P, et al. title Senataxin, defective in ataxia oculomotor apraxia type 2, is involved in the defense ... more details
Heubner s artery also known as the recurrent artery of Heubner , named after the Germany German paediatrician Otto Heubner is a branch from the anterior cerebral artery , typically from the distal A1 segment or proximal A2 segment, or at the level of the optic chiasm. Its vascular territory is the anteromedial section of the caudate nucleus and the anterioinferior section of the internal capsule , as well as parts of the putamen and septal nuclei . Heubner s artery is the distal part of the medial striate artery . In cases of obstructed flow in the Heubner s artery, the individual may experience infarction in those subcortical areas and thus hemiparesis . More proximal portions of the medial striate artery may cause spastic paraparesis and sensory loss contralateral to the lesioned side. Urinary incontinence and gait apraxia are also not uncommon findings. Of note, occlusive damage to the medial striate artery may also present with contralateral grip reflex issues, and symptoms of Dysexecutive Syndrome . Contralateral gaze preference with or without transcortical motor aphasia may present in instances where the left hemisphere is affected in this type of occlusion. Category Arteries of the head and neck Category Cerebrum neuroanatomy stub Arteries of head and neck ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Bruns ataxia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D020235 Bruns ataxia , also known as Bruns gait apraxia , frontal ataxia or magnetic gait , is a form of ataxia found in patients with bilateral frontal lobe disorder s. It is characterised by an inability to initiate the process of walking, despite the power and coordination of the legs being normal when tested in the seated or lying position. The gait is broad based with short steps with a tendency to fall backwards. It was originally described in patients with frontal lobe Brain tumors tumours , but is now more commonly seen in patients with cerebrovascular disease . ref William Pryse Phillips. Companion to clinical neurology . Oxford University Press, 2003, page 136. ISBN 9780195159387. ref It is named after Ludwig Bruns . ref Barry G. Firkin, Judith A. Whitworth. Dictionary of Medical Eponyms. Informa Health Care, 2001, page 51. ISBN 9781850703334. ref ref WhoNamedIt synd 1316 Bruns ataxia ref See also Magnetic gait References reflist Category Neurological disorders Symptom stub ... more details
Visuospatial Dysgnosia is a loss of the sense of whereness in the relation of oneself to one s environment and in the relation of objects to each other. ref name Cogan Cogan, D. G. Visuospatial Dysgnosia. American Journal of Opthalmology 88 1979 361 68. ref Visuospatial dysgnosia is often linked with topographical disorientation . Symptoms The syndrome rarely presents itself the same way in every patient. Some symptoms that occur may be Constructional apraxia difficulty in constructing drawing, copying, designs, copying 3D models Topographical disorientation difficulty finding one s way in the environment Optic ataxia deficit in visually guided reaching Ocular motor apraxia inability to direct gaze, a breakdown failure in starting initiating fast eye movements Dressing apraxia difficulty in dressing usually related to inability to orient clothing spatially, and to a disrupted awareness of body parts and the position of the body and its parts in relation to themselves and objects in the environment Right left confusion difficulty in distinguishing the difference between the directions left and right Lesion areas Studies have narrowed the area of the brain that, when damaged, causes visuospatial dysgnosia to the border of the occipito temporoparietal region. ref name Cogan Predominantly, lesions damage, often from stroke are found in the angular gyrus of the right hemisphere in people with left hemisphere language , and are usually unilateral, meaning in one hemisphere of the brain. Bilateral lesions produce more complex dysgnosic signs such as object anomia inability to name an object , prosopagnosia inability to recognize faces , Alexia condition alexia inability to read , dressing apraxia, and memory impairment in conjunction with visuospatial dysgnosia symptoms. ref name Cogan Visuospatial dysgnosia has many symptoms in common with B lint s syndrome and can present simultaneously. Visuospatial dysgnosia, along with Balint s syndrome, has been connected with Alzhei ... more details
primary symptoms, many children also suffer from constructional apraxia, an inability to copy simple ... therapies may help diminish the dysgraphia and apraxia . In addition, calculator s and word ... more details
Orphan date July 2011 The Wade test is a neurological test performed by surgeon s and neurologist s, to determine whether a patient is left cerebral cortex cortical hemisphere dominant or right cortical hemisphere dominant. Test Most individuals about 95 of the time ref name james who are right handed are left cortical hemisphere dominant, while about 10 of individuals who are left handed, are right cortical hemisphere dominant. The dominance refers to the Cerebral cortex cortex where often propositional language centers such as Broca s area located in pars opercularis and pars triangularis of the frontal lobe responsible for generation of speech, Wernicke s area located in superior temporal gyrus , responsible for comprehension of speech, and other motor and somatosensory areas are located. The dominant hemisphere is therefore responsible for language, and comprehension of speech. Description The test involves injection of sodium amobarbital Amytal , ref name james cite book title Neuroanatomy Board Review Series author James D. Fix edition 4 publisher Wolter Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins pages 304 year 2008 Baltimore ISBN 9780781772457 ref an anesthetic into the patient s common carotid artery carotid artery on the suspected dominant side, and then evaluating patient for speech and language comprehension. Any form of aphasia difficulty in speech whether broca s aphasia non fluent , wernicke s aphasia fluent , or conduction aphasia conduction would indicate that the side into which Amytal was injected was in fact the dominant cerebral cortex . Since Wade test in essence, mimics a temporary lesion of the dominant cortex, other side effects such as astereognosis , Gerstmann syndrome , alexia condition alexia , agraphia , tactile agnosia bimanual astereognosis , ideomotor apraxia , and ideational apraxia is possible. ref name james Medical Use for Wade Test The test is used during neurosurgical and presurgical epilepsy evaluations to localize areas of la ... more details
organization described above. Parietal lobes in ApraxiaApraxia is a disorder of motor control which ... of apraxia was shaped by Hugo Liepmann about a hundred years ago Goldenberg, 2003 Liepmann, 1900 .Apraxia is predominantly a symptom of left brain damage, but some symptoms of apraxia can also occur after right brain damage. See also apraxia ref name khan2005 Khan AZ, Pisella L, Vighetto A, Cotton .... gallery References reflist 1. Georg Goldenberg.2009. Apraxia and the parietal lobes. Neuropsychologia.47 ... more details
lateral sclerosis ALS , head or neck injuries, surgical accident, or cerebral palsy . ApraxiaApraxia ... without effort. It is now considered unlikely that childhood apraxia of speech and acquired apraxia ... more details
Infobox school background f0f6fa border ccd2d9 name Community School image established 1968 type Private school Private religion none head name Principal head Jim Steel city Teaneck, New Jersey Teaneck state New Jersey NJ country United States USA colors Red and White mascot Eagles homepage http www.communityschool.k12.nj.us High 20School HighschoolHome.html Community School , located in Teaneck, New Jersey Teaneck , New Jersey , is a private school, founded in 1968 to serve the bright child with learning and attentional disabilities. The school s primary goal is to help children achieve a level of performance in the classroom that is fully commensurate with their respective abilities. The Lower School program provides children in grades K 8 with skilled remedial help and challenging academic experience. The program is designed for children who have learning disability learning disabilities LD , such as Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADD ADHD , dyslexia , dyscalculia , and Apraxia . Applications are accepted throughout the school year. Enrollment is open to both private students and public school students placed by local school districts. Students who meet any of the descriptions of learning disability, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, speech and language and perceptual impairments are eligible. The school is a member of the New Jersey Association of Independent Schools . ref http www.njais.org listing.html School Search , New Jersey Association of Independent Schools . Accessed July 29, 2008. ref See also Community High School, Teaneck, New Jersey Community High School High school for grades 9 12 References Reflist External links http www.communityschool.k12.nj.us Community School http nces.ed.gov surveys pss privateschoolsearch school detail.asp?Search 1&SchoolID 00868644&ID 00868644 Data for the Community School , National Center for Education Statistics Coord 40.89432 74.00294 display title Category Teaneck, New Jer ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Anterior cerebral artery syndrome Image Gray517.png Caption Outer surface of cerebral hemisphere, showing areas supplied by cerebral arteries. Blue is region supplied by anterior cerebral artery. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 G 46 1 g 40 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D020243 Anterior cerebral artery syndrome is a condition whereby the blood supply from the anterior cerebral artery ACA is restricted, leading to a reduction of the function of the portions of the brain supplied by that vessel the medial aspects of the frontal and parietal lobes, basal ganglia , anterior fornix and anterior corpus callosum ref name O Sullivan O Sullivan, 2007 . Depending upon the area and severity of the occlusion, signs and symptoms may vary within the population affected with ACA syndrome. Blockages to the proximal portion of the vessel produce only minor deficits due to the collateral blood flow from the opposite hemisphere via the anterior communicating artery . More distal occlusions will result in more severe presentation of ACA syndrome. Contralateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss of the lower extremity is the most common symptom associated with ACA syndrome. ref name O Sullivan Signs and Symptoms Hemiparesis or hemiplegia contralaterally, involving primarily the lower limbs and pelvic floor musculature Sensory deficits contralaterally, involving primarily the leg and perineum Apraxia due to branches to the supplementary motor area and corpus callosum ref name O Sullivan Disconnection syndrome due to callosal branches Anosmia due to branches of the olfactory bulb and olfactory tract Urinary incontinence . ref name O Sullivan Grasp reflex and or sucking reflex contralaterally if circle of Willis compromised . ref name O Sullivan References Reflist refs ref name O Sullivan O Sullivan, Susan 2007 . Physical Rehabilitation , p.709 711. F.A. Davis, Philadelphia. ISBN 0803612478 ref External links GPnotebook 751828993 Cerebrovascular di ... more details
on the Web Series Neuropathologies of Language and Cognition ref Apraxia Main ApraxiaApraxia can ... difficulties related to neurological damage . ref name apraxia http speakeffectively.com apraxia.shtml Britchkow, Ela. 2005 . Apraxia. Speakeffectively.com ref One of the articulatory characteristics of apraxia found in adults includes speech behavior that exhibits fewer errors with automatic speech than volitional speech . ref Citation title Apraxia of Speech An overview year 2005 journal ... S. last5 Gorno Tempini first5 M. L. ref Childhood apraxia of speech has also been found to have more ... Velleman, Shelley L. Childhood apraxia of speech developmental verbal dyspraxia . Retrieved on 9 March 2012. ref The characteristics of acquired apraxia include difficulties in imitating speech sounds ..., patients who suffer from acquired apraxia may retain the ability to produce automatic speech, such as thank you or how are you? . ref name apraxiaApraxia can also occur in conjunction with dysarthria ... language difficulties related to neurological damage. ref name apraxia Dyspraxia Main Dyspraxia Dyspraxia ... See also Aphasia Apraxia Automatic writing Dysarthria Dyspraxia Filler words Glossolalia Speech disfluency ... more details
a program for dyspraxic children, sometimes referred to as global apraxia . The program teaches to the students communication disabilities oral buccofacial apraxia and encompasses each student s global dyspraxic apraxia disabilities that affect the student s fine and gross motor skills with their motor ... more details
S30 36. Apraxia A not too uncommon, but less understood result of stroke, as well as metabolic and traumatic insult to the brain, is a condition called apraxia . This condition was initially recognized ... sup Several forms of apraxia are recognized . Limb kinetic apraxia is the inability to make precise or exact movements with a finger, an arm or a leg. Ideamotor apraxia is the inability to carry out ... apraxia is similar to ideamotor apraxia, but infers a more profound malfunctioning in which the function of tools or objects is no longer understood. Ideational apraxia is the inability to create a plan for a specific movement. Buccofacial apraxia, or facial oral apraxia, is the inability to coordinate ... apraxia affects the person s ability to draw or copy simple diagrams, or to construct ... more details
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