Arab Category Ethnonyms Arab Category ArabEtymology fa ...Refimprove date December 2007 The proper name Arab or Arabian and cognates in other languages has been used to translate several different but similar sounding words in ancient and classical texts which do not necessarily have the same meaning or origin. The etymology of the term is of course closely linked to that of the place name Arabia . Gustave E. von Grunebaum Grunebaum , in his book Classical Islam said that an approximate translation is passerby or nomad . ref Grunebaum, p. 16 ref Semitic etymology The root of the word has many meanings in Semitic languages including west sunset, desert, mingle, merchant, raven and comprehensible with all of these having varying degrees of relevance to the emergence of the name. It is also possible that some forms were Metathesis linguistics metathetical from transl sem B R moving around Arabic transl ar DIN B R traverse , and hence, it is alleged ... speech they comprehend i.e. Arabic speakers they call Arab , and those whose speech is of unknown meaning ... ar DIN a r b referred to the Arab Bedouins, carrying a negative connotation due to the Qur anic ... m tu arb i describing Gindibu in Assyrians texts is conventionally translated of Arab land , nothing ... translated Arab Arabi , Arubu , Aribi and Urbi . The presence of Proto Arabic names amongst those qualified by the terms arguably justifies the translation Arab although it is not certain ... Jeremiah 3 2 for a desert dweller. It is typically translated Arabian or Arab and is the modern Hebrew word for Arab. The New Revised Standard Version uses the translation nomad for the verse ... al Fihrist , derived the word Arab from a Syriac language Syriac pun by Abraham on the same root ... in unvowelled text but traditionally vowelized differently. It is usually translated Arabian or Arab and was used in early 20th century Hebrew to mean Arab. However it is unclear if the term related more ... more details
Medieval etymology is the study of the history of words as conducted by scholars in the European Middle Ages . Etymology is the study of the origins of words. Before the beginnings of large scale modern lexicography in the 16th century and the development of the comparative method in the 18th, a scientific etymology as modern linguistics understand it was not possible. However, grammarians had always speculated about the origins of words. There are many examples of etymology in the Bible, for example, and in the works of classical writers. In cases where the history of the words was simple, such speculations have sometimes proved correct in the light of modern scholarship, but generally they were based on superficial similarities. Like classical etymology, Medieval Christian etymology drew tenuous connections between superficially similar words, but exegetical etymology was radically new in what it then did with the connections. The purpose of etymology was to elucidate the spiritual background to a concept, drawing out aspects of semantics in a similar manner to the symbolic interpretation of the natural world. An example Hugh of St Victor derived the Latin word mors death from morsus bite a morsu primi hominis qui vetitae arboris pomum mordens mortem incurrit from the bite of the first man, who, biting the apple of the forbidden tree, incurs death . ref PL 177, 134C. ref The etymology was thus crafted to teach a spiritual truth. The fact that the same author knew other, alternative ... history of Christian etymology, but a very useful discussion of it is that of Friedrich Ohly ... Press 2005. ref Ohly writes It would be foolish to deride such an etymology as unscientific if it helped ... it was precisely the task of etymology at that time to illuminate the spiritual meaning of the word. Our modern etymology would have appeared questionable to the Middle Ages, because it is bogged down ... div See also Etymologiae Cratylus dialogue Cratylus Category History of linguistics Category Etymology ... more details
A false etymology pseudoetymology , paraetymology or paretymology is a popularly held but false belief about the origins of specific words, especially where these originate in common sense assumptions rather than serious research. Such etymology etymologies often have the feel of urban legend s, and can be much more colorful than the typical etymologies found in dictionaries, often involving stories of unusual practices in particular subcultures e.g. Oxford students from non noble families being forced to write sine nobilitate by their name, soon abbreviated to s.nob. , hence the word Wikt snob snob . Citation needed date March 2011 Many recent examples are based on acronym s or backronym s . Citation needed date March 2011 Source and influence of false etymologies Erroneous etymologies can exist for many reasons. Some are reasonable interpretations of the evidence that happen to be false. For a given word there may often have been many serious attempts by scholars to propose etymologies based on the best information available at the time, and these can be later modified or rejected as linguistic scholarship advances. The results of medieval etymology , for example, were plausible given the insights available at the time, but have mostly Citation needed date August 2009 been rejected ... qa rul1.htm World Wide Words etymology of rule of thumb ref In the United States , many of these scandalous ... on supposed etymology of picnic ref buck , ref http www.snopes.com language offense buck.htm Urban Legends reference pages on supposed etymology of buck ref and crowbar ref http www.snopes.com language ... Article on the etymology of the word niggardly ref See also List of common false etymologies Backronym Back formation Chinese translation of crisis Eggcorn Folk etymology Johannes Goropius Becanus Medieval etymology Okay Phono semantic matching Pseudoscientific language comparison Slang dictionary Notes reflist Category Etymology Category Error Category Folklore Category Urban legends ... more details
this a technical term in linguistics incorrect popular etymologies false etymology Folk etymology is change ... familiar one. ref Oxford English Dictionary Online , folk etymology, usually, the popular perversion ... folk 20etymology&f false Folk Etymology ref ref R.L. Trask , Dictionary of Historical and Comparative Linguistics , http books.google.com books?id EHeGzQ8wuLQC&dq oxford linguistics 27&q folk etymology v snippet&q folk 20etymology&f false Folk Etymology ref ref Folk Etymology , p 142, The Concise ... 5&ved 0CDwQ6AEwBA v onepage&q folk 20etymology&f false Folk Etymology Winfred Lehmann , Historical ... books?id 85zS w AaP0C&pg PA86&dq 22folk etymology 22 isbn 9789027236975 ref Unanalyzable ... etymology , a loan translation from the 19th Century academic German language German Volksetymologie ... itself, not to any actual explicit popular analysis. ref name Raimo Anttila 1989 pp 92 93 Folk etymology as a productive force The technical term folk etymology , a translation of the German language .... The results of medieval etymology , for example, were plausible given the insights available at the time ... of the word and thus becomes a part of a new etymology. Believing a word to have a certain origin, people ... significant by virtue of the supposed etymology may reinforce a folk etymology for a noun proper, usually of a place. Citation needed date November 2010 Examples of words modified by folk etymology In linguistic change caused by folk etymology, the form of a word changes so that it better matches its ... book title The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology last Barnhart first Robert K. editor link Robert ... etymology from Wiktionary lantern lantern as old lanterns were glazing glazed with strips ... to the effects of absinthism . Examples of word meanings modified by a folk etymology like process A process similar to folk etymology may result in a change to the meaning of a word based on an imagined etymology connecting it to an unrelated but similar sounding word. Often this comes about either ... more details
The Etymology of Assam is an issue that often comes up for debate in the India n state of Assam . In the latest instance, the Government of Assam under the Indian National Congress has sought to change the name of the state from Assam to Asom . This move has been opposed by a wide range of people, triggering once again a public debate. The academic consensus is that the name is associated with the Ahom kingdom called Kingdom of Assam in medieval times , established by the Shan people Shan prince Sukaphaa in the 13th and which existed till 19th century for nearly 600 years. According to historian Satyendra Nath Sarma, ref Sarma, Satyendra Nath 1976 Assamese Literature , Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. ref blockquote While the Shan invaders called themselves Tai, they came to be referred to as s m , sam and sometimes as Acam by the indigenous people of the country. The modern Assamese word hom by which the Tai people are known is derived from s m or sam . The epithet applied to the Shan conquerors was subsequently transferred to the country over which they ruled and thus the name K mar pa was replaced by s m, which ultimately took the Sanskritized form Asama , meaning unequalled, peerless or uneven ref Banikanta Kakati Assamese Its Formation and Development , p2 ref blockquote Though there exists an academic consensus on the association of Assam with the Ahom kingdom , the exact etymology is not clear. Look Etymology of Assam Theories on etymology below for some theories. Theories on etymology According to one theory, the word Assam is derived from the Indo Aryan languages Indo Aryan word Asama uneven . However, this term doesn t occur before the Ahom occupation, and therefore writers like Edward Gait believe that the word Assam is derived from Ahom . ref name SureshKant Discovery cite book title Discovery of North East India volume 3 editor Suresh Kant Sharma isbn 9788183240376 ... . Notes reflist Category Assam Category Etymologies of geographic names Assam, Etymology of Category ... more details
on etymology Barbara G. Walker gives prominence to this hypothesis, which she believes refers to the witch ... of English Etymology 2 series, 1887 and 1891 ref derived the word from PIE weid , Old English ... English spelling with t is known, and this etymology is not accepted today. Robert Graves in his 1948 ... from the weik root employed for hop, dance etymology considered by Grimm, irrespective of willows ... dmy dates date September 2010 DEFAULTSORT Witch Etymology Category Witchcraft Etymology Category Etymologies ... more details
Image Fr s stenen.jpg thumb Fr s Runestone The etymology of J mtland entails the origin, history, and use of the name J mtland which dates back to 11th century Scandinavia . The name is first found on the northernmost runestone in Europe, the Fr s Runestone , as eotalont in normalized Old Norse Jamtaland . The prefix Jamta is a genitive plural case of Jamts, a Germanic tribe . The Root linguistics root of Jamt Old West Norse jamti , and thus J mtland, derives from the Proto Germanic word stem emat meaning persistent, efficient, enduring and hardworking. ref name etymology cite book last Hellquist first Elof title Svensk etymologisk ordbok year 1922 publisher Gleerups f rlag location Stockholm pages 285 ref So J mtland basically mean Jamts land or land of hardworking people . A folk explanation is that the name ought to have something to do with the even parts around the lake Storsj n . This theory is based on the similarity between the Swedish words j mt from emat and j mnt from Germanic ebna , even ref name etymology The form Audio sv J mtland.ogg J mtland is Swedish, which previously pre 20th century was spelled Jemtland , as it still is in e.g. Danish whilst the local name of the province is Jamtland IPA xx jamt lan . There have been several Latinisation literature Latinized forms of the name, such as Jemtia, Iempihia and Iemthalandia . Origin How and when the Jamts got their name is unknown, though one possible explanation is presented in the Iceland ic work Heimskringla from the 13th century. Quote Ketill jamti, son nundar Jarl title jarls or Sparab i, f r austr um Scandinavian Mountains Kj l , ok mikill mannfj ldi me honum, ok h f u b ferli sitt me s r. eir ruddu markir ok byg u ar st r heru at var s an kallat Jamtaland. Translation ref Hollander, Lee M. transl. 1964 Heimskringla or Chronicle of the Kings of Norway . University of Texas Press, 105. ref ... of geographic names Jamtland, Etymology of ... more details
The etymology of the name of the city of London has been the subject of speculation for centuries, though no generally accepted explanation has been found. While there have been many theories advanced over the centuries, most can be dismissed as fanciful on historical linguistics linguistic or historical grounds. A few have been recognized as having some measure of academic plausibility, but none has any direct evidence. The city of London was founded by the Romans in the 1st century CE though some earlier settlements are known to have existed. The roots Londin and Lundin are the most prevalent in names used from Roman times onward. The 12th century account Historia Regum Britanniae asserts that the city s name is derived from the name of Lud son of Heli King Lud who once controlled the city. A variety of other theories have been proposed since. Attested forms Richard Coates , in the 1998 article ref name coates cite journal last Coates first Richard year 1998 title A new explanation of the name of London journal Transactions of the Philological Society volume 96 issue 2 pages 203 229 url http www.blackwell synergy.com doi pdf 10.1111 1467 968X.00027 doi 10.1111 1467 968X.00027 ref where he published his own theory of the etymology, lists all the known occurrences of the name up to around the year 900, in Greek language Greek , Latin language Latin , British language Celtic British and Anglo Saxon language Anglo Saxon . Most of the older sources begin Londin , Londino ... title Conjecture on the Etymology of London url http books.google.com ?id xj8lAAAAMAAJ&pg PA453 ... Briton title Etymology of London year 1821 pages 42 43 url http books.google.com ?id tnEEAAAAQAAJ&pg ... PA60&dq 22etymology of London 22 publisher K. Baedeker ref asserts that The etymology of London ... name recorded, and that D Arbois suggested etymology for it from Celtic londo , fierce would ... Etymology Of London Category Culture in London Category Names of places in the United Kingdom ... more details
Karnataka is an India n state. Several etymology etymologies have been suggested for the name Karnataka. One derivative is from Sanskrit where Karna means ear, and atati means wander, together giving a meaning for Karnata as where ones ears would want to wander, since this is the birth place of the popular Carnatic music. The region was popularly referred to as Karnata desha in Indian history. However, historically, the names Karnatak or Carnatic have been misapplied to refer to the regions in or beyond the Western Ghats Kodagu and Kerala as well as to a region in present day Andhra Pradesh Telangana . ref http dsal.uchicago.edu reference gazetteer pager.html?objectid DS405.1.I34 V09 308.gif Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 9, page 302 Imperial Gazetteer of India Digital South Asia Library Bot generated title ref The other accepted derivative comes from the Kannada words karu and n du meaning elevated land , or from the Kannada words kal and n du meaning rock country , referring to the rocky terrain of the state. During the British Raj , the words Carnatic or Karnatak were used to describe this part of the region in general. Another etymological derivative of the name comes from lear or black &mdash a reference to the black soil black cotton soil of the region. ref http 19.1911encyclopedia.org C CA CARNATIC.htm Carnatic LoveToKnow 1911 Bot generated title ref Mysore state was renamed Karnataka in 1973. References from Hindu texts KarnatakaHistory The earliest known references to Karnataka are found in the Sabha Parva and the Bhishma Parva of Mahabharata , an History of India ancient Indian Epic poetry epic . ref cite news url http www.hindu.com 2006 10 31 stories 2006103108870500.htm title Article from The Hindu national newspaper of India accessdate 2007 03 10 location ... topics DEFAULTSORT Etymology Of Karnataka Category History of Karnataka Category Etymologies of geographic names Karnataka, Etymology of ... more details
coauthors Ian Crofton title Brewer s Britain & Ireland The History, Culture, Folklore and Etymology ... topics Europe topic Name of DEFAULTSORT Etymology Of Scotland Category Country name etymology ... more details
author Herodotus title Histories 4.75 ref The historian and linguist Douglas Harper gives an etymology ... index.php?allowed in frame 0&search cannabis&searchmode none cannabis , Online Etymology ... and co workers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem suggest an alternative etymology for cannabis ... names by which materials are called also help to confirm etymology. Cannabis was also a common ... needed date November 2011 See also Marijuana etymology References wiktionary cannabis reflist ... Cannabis Etymology Category Etymologies Category Cannabis Etymology sr ... more details
wiktionary Edinburgh The etymology of Edinburgh traces the origin of the name of Edinburgh , the capital of Scotland . The city is known as Edinburgh in English and Scots language Scots , and D n ideann in Scottish Gaelic , both of which are derived from the older place name Eidyn . It is generally accepted that this name derives ultimately from the Celtic languages Celtic British language . ref name Williams1972 Williams 1972, p. 47 64. ref ref name Chadwick Chadwick, p. 107. ref ref name Dumville Dumville, p. 297. ref Eidyn Several medieval Welsh sources refer to Eidyn . Kenneth H. Jackson argued strongly that Eidyn referred exclusively to the location of modern Edinburgh, ref Jackson 1969, pp. 77 78. ref but others, such as Ifor Williams and Nora K. Chadwick , suggest it applied to the wider area as well. ref name Williams1972 ref name Chadwick The name Eidyn may survive today in toponyms such as Edinburgh, Dunedin, Scotland Dunedin , and Carriden from Caer Eidyn , located eighteen miles to the west. ref name Dumville Present day Edinburgh was the location of Din Eidyn , a dun or hillfort associated with the kingdom of the Gododdin . ref name gododdin Gardens of the Gododdin Craig Cessford Garden History, Vol. 22, No. 1 Summer, 1994 , pp. 114 115 doi 10.2307 1587005 ref The term Din Eidyn first appears in Y Gododdin , a poem that depicts events relating to the Battle of Catraeth , thought to have been fought circa 600. The oldest manuscript of Y Gododdin forms part of the Book of Aneirin , which dates to around 1265 ref http www.maryjones.us ctexts aindex.html ref but which ... in the 7th century. ref Blackie, Geographical Etymology A Dictionary of Place names Giving Their Derivations ... Citation title Geographical Etymology A Dictionary of Place names Giving their Derivations ... pages url http books.google.com books?id 79JLAAAAMAAJ&pg PR1&dq 22Geographical Etymology A Dictionary ... 12 August 2011 DEFAULTSORT Etymology Of Edinburgh Category History of Edinburgh Category Scottish ... more details
1937 ref In this case the interpretation of the name as winged may simply be a case of folk etymology ... 2007 09 29 ref References references DEFAULTSORT Etymology Of Skye Category Skye Category Scottish ... more details
This article describes several theories on Etymology of Kolkata , erstwhile Calcutta in English language English the capital of the India n eastern state of West Bengal . The rent roll of Akbar , the sixteenth century Mughal Empire Mughal emperor, and the work of a Bengali poet, Bipradaas , of the late fifteenth century, both make mention of the city s early name s being Kolikata , from which Kolkata Calcutta are said to derive. ref http www.britannica.com eb article 9821 Calcutta Britannica entry ref There is lot of discussion on how the city got its name. There are different views on the issue. The most popular and likely one is that the city got its name from its connection to the Hindu goddess Kali with the original name s being Kalikshetra , meaning the place of K li . Other more or less plausible theories abound, like The name derived from the location of the original settlement beside a khal which means canal in Bengali language Bengali According to another theory, the place was known for the manufacture of shell lime.And the name derived from lime kali and burnt shell kata . the name may have been derived from the Bengali term kilkila flat area . ref name calcuttawebhistory cite web url http www.calcuttaweb.com history.shtml title Kolkata Calcutta History publisher Calcuttaweb.com language accessdate 2006 06 01 ref An interesting anecdote exists on the nomenclature of Kolkata. According to it, a United Kingdom British merchant was traveling through the village, when he came upon a peasant stacking hay into the barn . Not knowing where he was, the merchant asked the peasant about that place. The peasant, unfortunately did not understand English language English , and he guessed that the Sahib must be inquiring about the date the crop was harvested. In his own language, he replied K l K a which in Bengali language means harvested yesterday Kal Yesterday, K a cut ... names Kolkata, Etymology of ... more details
In the history of science , the etymology of the word chemistry is a debatable issue. It is agreed that the word derives from the word alchemy , which is a European one, derived from the Arabic al k m . The Arabic term is derived from the Greek or . ref name oed alchemy , entry in The Oxford English Dictionary , J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner, vol. 1, 2nd ed., 1989, ISBN 0 19 861213 3. ref ref p. 854, Arabic alchemy , Georges C. Anawati, pp. 853 885 in Encyclopedia of the history of Arabic science , eds. Roshdi Rashed and R gis Morelon, London Routledge, 1996, vol. 3, ISBN 0415124123. ref However, the ultimate origin of the root word, chem , is uncertain. ref Encyclopedia Britannica , 2002 Edition, CD ROM ref According to the Oxford English Dictionary , the majority theory is that al k m is derived from , which is derived from the ancient Egyptian language Egyptian name of Egypt khem , khame , or khmi , meaning black earth , contrasting with the surrounding desert. Therefore, alchemy is the Egyptian art . ref name oed However, it is also possible that al k m was derived from , meaning cast together . ref Weekley, Ernest 1967 . Etymological Dictionary of Modern English. New York Dover Publications. ISBN 0486218732 ref Traditionally, the science of alchemy was once considered to have sprung from great Egyptian figure named by the Greeks Hermes Trismegistus the thrice great Hermes, celebrated as priest, king, and scholar , who is thought to have been the founder of the art. ref http www.alchemylab.com history of alchemy.htm History of Alchemy from Ancient Egypt to Modern Times the AlchemyLab.com ref Reputed to have lived about 1900 B.C. ... Land , the surrounding desert so this etymology could also explain the nickname Egyptian black ... etymology . ref name OED Assuming an Egyptian origin, chemistry is defined as follows Chemistry , from ... http www.alchemywebsite.com timelin2.html History of Alchemy Timeline DEFAULTSORT Chemistry Etymology ... more details
, Mrs. , reanalysed as rebb etzin, and that Zamenhof made up the German etymology after the fact ... derives from German amel . Category Esperanto language Etymology Category Etymology eo Esperanta etimologio ... more details
Accounts and texts concerning the origins of Lahore have been referred to in various times throughout history. To date, there is no conclusive evidence to establish as to when it was precisely founded or the exact origins of its placename etymology . However, some sources say the name of the city derives from Loh or Lava , the son of Rama in the ancient Hindu scripture Ramayana . The city has been named and referred to by a variety of similar names by other geographers, historians and researchers in their works of the ancient times. Mythological references In the Deshwa Bhaga, Lahore is called Lavpor , which at once points to its origin from Lava Ramayana Lav , the son of Rama , while in the ancient annals of Rajputana the name given is Loh Kot , meaning the fort of Loh , which, again, has reference to its mythical founder, Rama s son. In turn gives its name to the Buddhist nation of Laos . ref http www.lahore.htmlplanet.com HISTORY1.htm History of Lahore ref Muhammadan Conquest Era Turning to the Mahomedan period, the best authorities on the early Mahomedan conquests of India, are the historians of Sindh Scindh Sindh , for it was in that quarter that the first storm of those conquests under the Khalifat burst. Fatuhul Baldun, believed to be one of the earliest Arabic Chronicles, which gives an account of the first conquests of the Arabs in Syria , Mesopotamia , Egypt , Persia , Armenia , Transoxiana , Africa , Spain and Sindh Scindh , calls Lahore by the name of A lahwur . The book, which is the work of Ahmad bin Yahya, surnamed Al Biladhuri , who lived at the Court of Baghdad towards the middle of ninth century of the Christian era, in the Khalifat of Al m tamid Billah, is frequently cited by Ibn I Haukal, Al Masudi and other ancient Arabic geographers. ref http apnaisp.blogspot.com Apnaisp Lahore s History ref Islamic Caliphate References During the caliphate of Usman , Hakim, son of Jahalla al abdi, was sent to the confines of Hind in order to acquire knowledge ... more details
of Wiccan etymology. According to Doyle White, the latter definition instead uses the term to refer ... Old English wicca and wicce See also Witch etymology Old English In the early mediaeval language ... cite journal title The Meaning of Wicca A Study in Etymology, History and Pagan Politics journal ... more details
Ayyavazhi This Etymology etymological topic deals with the origin, regeneration and evolution of various names by which Ayyavazhi is referred or identified throughout the period of History of Ayyavazhi Ayyavazhi history . Though the name Ayyavazhi is commonly used and the most accepted term to represent Ayyavazhi there are other terms too which are used to refer it. Ayyavazhi The exact origin of the name Ayyavazhi is not known. The various theories on its derivation include Ayya s path from the direct synonymous derivation, which takes Ayya as a noun naming word of Ayya Vaikundar . ref R.Shanmugam s, Narayana Kulatthil Narayanar Avataram, Page 188 ref Path of Father from the local spoken Tamil language Ayya father vazhi path . This meaning, derived from Tamil, is most commonly used as ayya , and means dear father . ref Dr. R.Ponnu s, Sri Vaikunda Swamigal and the Struggle for Social Equality in South India, Ram Publishers, 2000, Page 68, Sub heading Reverence as Ayya ref The ultimate truth of Master ref Akilathirattu ammanai Arappadanool , First Stage, page 27, published by Vaikundar Seva Sangam ref from Tamil language Tamil Ayya Master vazhi the ultimate truth is derived from the literary usage of the words. Religious system of Guru from Tamil Ayya as Guru vazhi religious system vazhibadu in Tamil . Way of attaining the sacred feet of God Ayya as God vazhi way to unify ref Arisundara Mani s, 2002 , Akilathirattu Ammanai Parayana Urai Chapter 1, Page 4. ref The synonymous versions of the phrase are virtually unlimited, because the usage of the word Ayya in Tamil varies widely. It is used to convey the words father , guru , the superior , a person of dignity , respectable one , master , the king , the teacher , preceptor , etc. The word vazhi in Tamil can mean the way , a course of conduct , manner , method , mode , cause , antiquity , succession , religious system , reason , and so on. As Muttukuttyism This was a name given to Ayyavazhi during the late 19th century by the London ... more details
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