Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject 193 GrayPage 878 Image Gray769 en.svg Caption Diagrammatic representation of a section across the top of the skull, showing the membranes of the brain, etc. Arachnoid granulation label is at top right. Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber Arachnoid granulations or arachnoid villi are small protrusions of the arachnoid brain arachnoid the thin second layer covering the brain through the dura mater the thick outer layer . They protrude into the venous sinuses of the brain, and allow cerebrospinal fluid CSF to exit the sub arachnoid space and enter the blood stream. Largest granulations lie along the superior sagittal sinus , a large venous space running from front to back along the centre of the head on the inside of the human skull skull . They are, however, present along other dural sinuses as well. Smaller granulations are called villi , large calcification calcified ones are referred to as pacchionian bodies. Function The arachnoid granulations act as one way valve s. Normally the pressure of the CSF is higher than that of the venous system , so CSF flows through the villi and granulations into the blood. If the pressure is reversed for some reason, fluid will not pass back into the subarachnoid space of the brain . The reason for this is not known. It has been suggested that the endothelial cell s of the venous sinus create vacuole s of CSF, which move through the cell and out into the blood. The importance of arachnoid granulations for the drainage of CSF is controversial. By some accounts, a large portion perhaps the majority of CSF is drained through lymphatics associated with extracranial segments of the cranial nerves. A large proportion of CSF is believed to leave the cranial vault through the axons of CN I olfactory nerve through their extension through the cribiform plate . Eponym Occasionally, they are referred to by their old name Pacchioni s granulations or pacchionian bodies , named after Italian a ... more details
Wiktionary granulationGranulation can refer to Granulation powder technology , the process of forming or crystallizing into grains Granulation tissue , a product of healing in major wounds Granular synthesis , a sound synthesis method Solar granulation , a sign of turbulent convection on the Sun or a process used by goldsmith s or silversmith s to decorate precious metals with small spheres fused to a base piece. br Disambiguation cs Granulace de Granulation fr Granulation it Granulazione ... more details
wiktionarypar arachnoidArachnoid may refer to Relating to arachnid s Arachnoid mater , a layer of the meninges, membranes that contain the central nervous system Arachnoid astrogeology , a geological structure found only on the planet Venus See also Arkanoid , an arcade game disambig ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Arachnoid trabeculae Image Arachnoid Trabeculae.png Caption The arachnoid trabeculae connecting the arachnoid and pial layers of the meninges The arachnoid trabeculae are delicate strands of connective tissue that loosely connect the two innermost layers of the meninges the arachnoid mater and the pia mater . ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 31820 arachnoid trabeculae Arachnoid trabeculae . Encyclop dia Britannica. 2010. Encyclop dia Britannica Online. 09 Sep. 2010. ref They are found within the subarachnoid space where cerebrospinal fluid is also found. Embryologically, the trabeculae are the remnants of the common precursor that forms both the arachnoid and pial layers of the meninges. ref Farr, Gary, MD. http www.becomehealthynow.com article bodynervousadvanced 813 The Nervous System Advanced Version The Meninges , 24 Jun 2002. Retrieved 9 Sep 2010. ref See also Subarachnoid space Arachnoid mater Notes references Meninges Category Meninges ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 orphan date November 2009 File Toxic granulation.JPG thumb 200px Toxic granulation in two white blood cell s, Bone marrow examination bone marrow aspiration . Toxic granulation refers to changes in granulocyte cells seen on examination of the peripheral blood film of patients with inflammatory conditions. They are commonly found in patients with sepsis . Toxic granulations are dark coarse granules found in granulocytes, particularly neutrophil s. Along with Dohle body Dohle bodies and cytosolic vacuolation, which are two other findings in the cytoplasm of granulocytes, toxic granulations are a peripheral blood film finding suggestive of an Inflammation inflammatory process . See also Inflammation Neutrophilia DEFAULTSORT Toxic Granulation Category Hematology Category Histopathology Pathology stub ... more details
Infobox disease Name Arachnoid cyst Image Arachnoid cyst.jpg Caption An MRI of a 25 year old woman with left frontotemporal arachnoid cyst. DiseasesDB 33219 ICD10 G93.0 ICD9 ICD9 348.0 ICDO OMIM 207790 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj radio eMedicineTopic 48 MeshID D016080 Arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal ... M, Tatagiba M. Cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cyst harbouring ectopic neuroglia , Pediatr Neurosurg ... brain and the cranial base or on the arachnoid membrane , one of the three membranes that cover the brain and the spinal cord . ref name ninds http www.ninds.nih.gov disorders arachnoid cysts arachnoid cysts.htm NINDS Arachnoid Cysts Information Page ref Arachnoid cysts are a congenital disorder , ref Gelabert Gonzalez M. Intracranial arachnoid cysts , Rev Neurol. , 2004 Dec 16 31 39 12 1161 6 .... ref name ninds Classification Arachnoid cysts can be found on the brain, or on the Vertebral column spine . Intracranial arachnoid cysts usually occur adjacent to the arachnoidal cistern. ref name joynt Arachnoid cyst. n.d. . Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders. Retrieved September 10, 2006, from Answers.com Web site http www.answers.com topic arachnoid cyst ref Spinal arachnoid cysts ... of a radiculopathy . ref name joynt Arachnoid cysts may also be classified as primary congenital or secondary ... Arachnoid Cysts in a kitten and a dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2009. 21 5 707 710. Arachnoid cysts ... symptoms for this reason, diagnosis is often delayed. Signs and symptoms Patients with arachnoid ... in a study on affected children. ref Millichap JG. Temporal lobe arachnoid cyst attention deficit ... an arachnoid cyst. In a 2002 study involving 78 patients with a migraine or tension type headache, CT scans showed abnormalities in over a third of the patients, though arachnoid cysts only accounted ... 3 A 542 7. PMID 12244387 ref A study found 18 of patients with intracranial arachnoid cysts had non ... Cameron AD. Psychotic phenomena with migraine and an arachnoid cyst , Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry ... more details
Image VenusianArachnoid.png thumb 240px Venusian arachnoid In astrogeology , an arachnoid is a large structure of unknown origin, and they have been found only on the surface of the planet Venus . Arachnoids get their name from their resemblance to spider web s. They appear as wiktionary concentric concentric ovals surrounded by a complex network of fracture s, and can span 200 kilometers. Over thirty arachnoids have been identified on Venus, so far. The arachnoid might be a strange relative to the volcano , but possibly different arachnoids are formed by different processes. ref name APOD This article contains text from the Astronomy Picture of the Day http antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov apod ap980120.html . As a work of the United States Federal Government, it is in the public domain. ref See also Astrogeology Chaos terrain Geysers on Mars Rille References reflist External links http antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov apod ap980120.html Astronomy Picture of the Day Venus This article incorporates text from a public domain NASA website. Category Surface features of Venus Category Planetary geology crater stub ca Aracnoide es Aracnoide fr Arachno de exog ologie it Aracnoide esogeologia pt Aracnoide astrogeologia fi Araknoidi astrogeologia uk zh ... more details
E., Wilderer P.A. and Heijnen J.J. 1999 . Aerobic granulation in a sequencing batch reactor .... Liu Y. and Tay J H 2004 . Effect of settling time on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactor ... Corral A., Garrido J.M. and M ndez R. 2004 Aerobic granulation with industrial wastewater in sequencing ... et al. 2005 ref Inizan M., Freval A., Cigana J. and Meinhold J. 2005 . Aerobic granulation in a sequencing ... loading of 6 kg COD m sup 3 sup d . Pilot research in aerobic granular sludge Aerobic granulation ... of aerobic granular sludge technology Aerobic granulation technology is already successfully applied for treatment of high strength wastewater. EcoEngineering applied aerobic granulation process ... di Ricerca Sulle Acque http www.ekoing.hr in argus.htm ARGUS DEFAULTSORT Aerobic Granulation Category ... more details
Mergefrom Pelletizing date December 2009 Granulation is the act or process of forming or crystallizing into grains. ref http www.thefreedictionary.com granulationGranulation definition ref Granules typically have a size range between 0.2 to 4.0 mm depending on their subsequent use. Synonym Agglomeration Agglomeration processes or in a more general term particle size enlargement technologies are great tools to modify product properties. Agglomeration of powders is widely used to improve physical ... File Granulation.jpg thumb right 150px Granulation In the chemical industry, granulation refers to the act ... pellets . Pharmaceutical industry In the pharmaceutical industry, granulation refers to the act .... Granulation is extensively used in the manufacturing of Tablet pharmacy tablets and pellets or spheroids . The granulation process combines one or more powders and forms a granule that will allow tableting ... equipment. Why GranulationGranulation is carried out for various reasons, one of those .... An ideal granulation will contain all the constituents of the mix in the correct proportion in each ... that has good tablet characteristics such as uniform content or consistent hardness. Granulation techniques In pharmaceutical industry, two types of granulation technologies are employed, namely, Wet Granulation and Dry Granulation. Wet Granulation Wet granulation, the process of adding a liquid solution ... have formed a more densely held mass, then the granulation is milled. This process results in the formation ... wet granulation method the wet mass is forced through a sieve to produce wet granules which is subsequently dried. Dry Granulation The dry granulation process is used to form granules ... mixer granulator can be used for the dry granulation. Dry granulation can be conducted under two ... . When a tablet press is used for dry granulation, the powders may not possess enough ... 5th International Granulation Workshop http apteka95.com.ua en directions 1818 Granulation technology ... more details
In medicine , leptomeninges literally thin meninges is a term used to refer to the pia mater and arachnoid mater , two of the membranes that surround the brain and the spinal cord. ref EMedicineDictionary leptomeninges ref The morphology of the brain in meningococcal meningitis is said to be covered by exudate of the surface of, and within the leptomeninges. Because the arachnoid is connected to the pia by cob web like strands, it is structurally continuous with the pia, hence the name pia arachnoid or leptomeninges. References reflist Meninges Category Meninges es Leptomeninge ... more details
Villus Latin language Latin shaggy hair , ref name tiscali cite web url http www.tiscali.co.uk reference encyclopaedia hutchinson m0035419.html title villus work tiscali.co.uk accessdate 2009 06 19 ref plural villi may refer to Intestinal villus , the most common meaning when not more precisely specified Chorionic villi , found on the surface of the outermost membrane the chorion of the fetus Arachnoid villi , located on the arachnoid membrane of the brain Villi may also refer to Le Villi , opera by Puccini References references no Tarmtott disambig ... more details
ACMF may refer to Allied Central Mediterranean Force , a force consisting of the US Fifth Army and the British Eighth Army during World War II. Adriamycin , Cyclophosphamide , Methotrexate , and 5 Fluorouracil , a chemotherapy regimen used in the treatment of breast cancer Arachnoid cyst Arachnoid Cysts of the Middle Fossa, the most common location where intracranial arachnoid cysts are found Adivasi Cobra Militant Force , a militant adivasi organization in Assam Antimatter catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion Antimatter Antiproton Catalyzed Micro Fission Fusion , a future technology being developed for long distance space travel Two similarly named country music organizations use this acronym Austria n Country Music Federation Australian Country Music Foundation disambig ... more details
the dura mater , the arachnoid mater , and the pia mater . The primary function of the meninges and of the cerebrospinal ... of the pia mater and arachnoid. The dura mater is a sac which envelops the arachnoid and has ... s. Diaphragma sellae , smallest infolding covers the pituitary gland and sella turcica . Arachnoid mater The middle element of the meninges is the arachnoid mater , so named because of its spider web like appearance. It provides a cushioning effect for the central nervous system . The arachnoid mater ... by flat cells also thought to be impermeable to fluid. The arachnoid does not follow the convolutions ..., particularly, a large number of fine filaments called arachnoid trabeculae pass from the arachnoid through the subarachnoid space to blend with the tissue of the pia mater. The arachnoid brain arachnoid .... Spaces The subarachnoid space is the space which normally exists between the arachnoid brain arachnoid and the pia mater , which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid . Normally, the dura mater is attached to the Human skull skull , or to the bones of the vertebral canal in the spinal cord . The arachnoid brain arachnoid is attached to the dura mater , while the pia mater is attached to the central nervous system tissue. When the dura mater and the arachnoid brain arachnoid separate through ... under the arachnoid it may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma. A subdural hematoma is a hematoma collection of blood located in a separation of the arachnoid brain arachnoid from the dura mater . The small veins which connect the dura mater and the arachnoid brain arachnoid are torn, usually ... meninx . Mammals retain the dura mater, and the secondary meninx divides into the arachnoid mater arachnoid ... more details
for the psychedelic rock band SubArachnoid Space Infobox Anatomy Name Subarachnoid space Latin spatium subarachnoideum, cavum subarachnoideale GraySubject 193 GrayPage 876 Image Gray769 en.svg Caption Diagrammatic representation of a section across the top of the skull, showing the membranes of the brain, etc. Subarachnoid cavity visible at left. Image2 Gray770 en.svg Caption2 Diagrammatic transverse section of the medulla spinalis and its membranes. Subarachnoid cavity colored blue. System MeshName Subarachnoid Space MeshNumber A08.186.566.166.686 DorlandsPre s 16 DorlandsSuf 12746651 In the central nervous system , the subarachnoid cavity subarachnoid space is the interval between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater . It is occupied by spongy tissue consisting of trabecula e delicate connective tissue filaments that extend from the arachnoid mater and blend into the pia mater and intercommunicating channels in which the cerebrospinal fluid is contained. This cavity is small on the surface of the hemispheres of the brain . On the summit of each gyrus the pia mater and the arachnoid are in close contact, but in the Sulcus neuroanatomy sulci between the gyri, triangular spaces are left, in which the subarachnoid trabecular tissue is found. Whilst the pia mater closely follows the surface of the brain and dips into the sulci, the arachnoid bridges across them from gyrus to gyrus. At certain parts of the base of the brain, the arachnoid is separated from the pia mater by wide intervals, which communicate freely with each other and are named subarachnoid cistern in these the subarachnoid tissue is less abundant. The subarachnoid space is the location of the interface between the vascular tissue and the cerebrospinal fluid and is active in the blood brain barrier . The arachnoid mater continues down the spinal cord too, and the subarachnoid layer with it. It serves a similar function in the spinal cord as it does in the brain. See also Subarachnoid hemorrhage Epidural ... more details
wiktionarypar arachnid An arachnid is a member of a class of joint legged invertebrate animals. Arachnid may also refer to Arachnid Solitaire or Spider, a solitaire card game Arachnid or Bug Starship Troopers Bugs Starship Troopers , a member of a fictional alien race in Starship Troopers by Robert A. Heinlein See also Arachne disambiguation Arachnoid disambiguation disambig ... more details
Scar tissue can refer to Granulation tissue , a product of healing in major wounds The tissue of a scar Scar Tissue , a Red Hot Chili Peppers song Scar Tissue book , the autobiography of Anthony Kiedis, lead singer of the Red Hot Chili Peppers Scar Tissue band , an electronic industrial music group disambig ... more details
, an arachnoid cyst is a risk factor for a subdural hematoma. ref cite journal author Mori K, Yamamoto T, Horinaka N, Maeda M title Arachnoid cyst is a risk factor for chronic subdural hematoma in juveniles twelve cases of chronic subdural hematoma associated with arachnoid cyst journal J. Neurotrauma ... on August 7, 2007. ref In some subdural bleeds, the arachnoid layer of the meninges is torn, and cerebrospinal ... the clot and replaces it with wound healing phases granulation tissue . Diagnosis Image SDH.jpg ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin spatium subdurale, cavum subdurale GraySubject 193 GrayPage 875 Image Gray769 en.svg Caption Diagrammatic representation of a section across the top of the skull, showing the membranes of the brain, etc. Subdural cavity visible at left. Image2 Gray770 en.svg Caption2 Diagrammatic transverse section of the medulla spinalis and its membranes. Subdural cavity is colored green, labeled at bottom and top right. System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 16 DorlandsSuf 12746663 The subdural space or subdural cavity is an artificial space created by the separation of the arachnoid mater from the dura mater as the result of trauma, pathologic process, or the absence of cerebrospinal fluid as seen in a cadaver. In the cadaver , due to the absence of cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space , the arachnoid mater falls away from the dura mater. It may also be the site of trauma, such as a subdural hematoma , causing abnormal separation of dura and arachnoid mater. Hence, the subdural space is referred to as potential space potential or artificial space. See also Epidural space Subarachnoid space Meninges Subdural hematoma External links eMedicineDictionary subdural space cite journal author Haines D, Harkey H, al Mefty O title The subdural space a new look at an outdated concept journal Neurosurgery volume 32 issue 1 pages 111 20 year 1993 pmid 8421539 doi 10.1227 00006123 199301000 00017 MeshName Subdural space neuroscience stub Gray s meninges Category Nervous system Category Meninges ... more details
sinus blood via arachnoid granulations. It had been thought that CSF returns to the vascular system by entering the dural venous sinuses via the arachnoidgranulation s or villi . However, some ... M title Lymphatic CSF absorption pathways in neonatal sheep revealed by sub arachnoid injection of Microfil ... reabsorbtion, in particular in the neonate , in which arachnoid granulations are sparsely distributed ... 135 to 150 ml, large amounts are drained primarily into the blood through arachnoid granulations in the superior ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Choreutis montana image image width 250px image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Choreutidae genus Choreutis species C. montana binomial Choreutis montana binomial authority Danilevsky, 1973 synonyms Hemerophila montana small Danilevsky, 1973 small Choreutis montana is a moth of the Choreutidae family. It is known from China Qinghai , Kirghizia , Tadzhikistan and Kazakhstan . ref cite web url http redalyc.uaemex.mx pdf 455 45512170006.pdf title Study on Chinese Acrolepiidae and Choreutidae Insecta Lepidoptera format PDF date accessdate 2011 12 19 ref The wingspan is 12 14 mm. The basic color of the forewings is gray with whitish granulation. The basal area is bordered by an oblique but straight black line, which disappears in the region of the median cell. There is large white granulation on the middle area, forming two broad diffused light gray transverse stripes. The inner transverse stripe is usually narrower than the outer stripe. The latter is bordered by a blackish line interrupted in the middle and always isolated from the outer field. This area consists of two stripes of almost equal width. The stripe adjoining the black line is light gray with whitish granulation and the other stripe adjoining the fimbria is dark brown. The hindwings are dark gray, but lighter in the region of the cell. The larvae feed on Malus , Amelanchier and Ulmus pumila . They develop on the fruits of their host plant. References Reflist Category Choreutis choreutidae stub vi Choreutis montana ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin cisterna fossae lateralis cerebri GraySubject 193 GrayPage 877 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre c 37 DorlandsSuf 12241855 The cistern of lateral cerebral fossa is formed in front of either temporal lobe by the arachnoid bridging across the lateral fissure . This cavity contains the middle cerebral artery . Gray s anatomy stub Meninges Category Meninges ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 Antonio Pacchioni 1665 1726 was an Italy Italian scientist and anatomist , who focused chiefly on the outermost meninges meningeal layer of the brain , the dura mater . Paccioni s granulations or pacchionian bodies , where the arachnoid layer protrudes through the dura, are named for him although they are now generally known as arachnoid granulations . Pacchioni was born in Reggio Emilia, Italy Reggio Emilia , where he would later attend university. He received his degree in medicine in 1688, and left for Rome in 1689. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Pacchioni, Antonio ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1665 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1726 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Pacchioni, Antonio Category Italian anatomists Category 1665 births Category 1726 deaths italy med bio stub pl Antonio Pacchioni ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Cisterna magna Latin cisterna cerebellomedullaris GraySubject 193 GrayPage 876 Image Gray768.png Caption Diagram showing the positions of the three principal cisterns in the brain. The cisterna magna is visible at the lower right. Image2 Caption2 System Ventricular system Ventricular BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 533 MeshName Cisterna Magna MeshNumber A08.186.566.166.686.351 The cisterna magna or cerebellomedullary cistern is one of three principal openings in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid mater arachnoid and pia mater layers of the meninges surrounding the brain. The openings are collectively referred to as cistern neuroanatomy cistern s. The cisterna magna is located between the cerebellum and the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata . Cerebrospinal fluid produced in the fourth ventricle drains into the cisterna magna via the lateral apertures and median aperture . The two other principal cisterns are the pontine cistern located between the pons and the medulla, and the interpeduncular cistern located between the cerebral peduncles. Cerebral spinal fluid can also be obtained by puncture of the cisterna magna cistern puncture . Meninges DEFAULTSORT Cisterna Magna Category Meninges sv Cisterna Magna Neuroscience stub ... more details
Other uses Granule disambiguation Unreferenced date December 2009 File Granules2 Cropped Photospheric Granulation G.Scharmer Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope 10 July 1997.jpg thumb Solar photosphere, with North America superimposed for scale. Each black or white bar on the graphic represents 1000 kilometer km . Granules on the photosphere of the Sun are caused by convection current s thermal column s, B nard cells of Plasma physics plasma within the Sun s convective zone. The grainy appearance of the solar photosphere is produced by the tops of these convective cells and is called granulation . The rising part of the granules is located in the center where the plasma physics plasma is hotter. The outer edge of the granules is darker due to the cooler descending plasma. In addition to the visible appearance, which would be explained by convection convective motion , Doppler shift measurements of the light from individual granules provides evidence for the convective nature of the granules. A typical granule has a diameter on the order of 1,000 kilometers and lasts 8 to 20 minutes before dissipating. At any one time, the Sun s surface is covered by about 4 million granules. Below the photosphere is a layer of Supergranulation supergranules up to 30,000 kilometers in diameter with lifespans of up to 24 hours. References Reflist The Sun DEFAULTSORT Granule Solar Physics Category Sun ar ca Granulaci fotosf rica cs Granulace astronomie de Granulation Astronomie fr Granulation solaire ko it Granulo sole nl Granulatiekorrel ja no Granulasjon pl Granule pt Gr nulo astronomia ro Granula ie solar ru sk Slne n granul cia sr fi Granula sv Granuler uk zh ... more details
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