Taxobox name Araeoscelidia synonyms Araeoscelida image Petrolacosaurus BW.jpg image caption Petrolacosaurus status fossil fossil range Carboniferous Permian regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Sauropsida subclassis Diapsida subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision ? Aphelosaurus br ? Dictybolos br Araeoscelis br Kadaliosaurus br Petrolacosaurus br Spinoaequalis br Zarcasaurus Araeoscelidia or Araeoscelida is a clade of extinct diapsid reptiles superficially resembling lizards , extending from the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian . The group contains the genus genera Araeoscelis , Petrolacosaurus , the possibly aquatic Spinoaequalis , and less well known genera such as Kadaliosaurus and Zarcasaurus . This clade is considered to be the sister group to all currently known later diapsids. Description Araeoscelidans were small animals less than one meter in length looking somewhat like lizards, though they are only distantly related to true lizards. They differ from other, earlier sauropsid s by their slender limbs, their elongated tail, and of course by the presence of two Skull Temporal Fenestra temporal opening s, the feature defining the diapsid condition. In Araeoscelis , only the upper temporal opening remains, thus resulting in a derived euryapsid condition. Genera Araeoscelida includes well known genera such as Araeoscelis Williston, 1910 Vaughn, 1955 Reisz et al., 1984 , Petrolacosaurus Lane, 1945 Peabody, 1952 Reisz, 1981 and Spinoaequalis deBraga & Reisz, 1995 deBraga & Rieppel, 1997 , known from virtually complete skeletons. Zarcasaurus Brinkman et al., 1984 ... . The genus Dictybolos has been included in Araeoscelidia by Olson 1970 , but this inclusion ... Araeoscelidia 2 clade 1 Spinoaequalis label2 Araeosceloidea 2 clade label1 Petrolacosauridae 1 clade ... ca Areosc lid de Araeoscelidia es Araeoscelidia fr Araeoscelidia gl Araeoscelidia it Araeoscelidia nl Araeoscelida pl Areoscelidy pt Araeoscelidia zh ... more details
Automatic taxobox name Neodiapsids fossil range Guadalupian Holocene Recent image image width 230px inage caption The crocodile authority Michael J. Benton Benton , 1985 subdivision ranks Groups subdivision Avicephala br Claudiosaurus br Younginiformes br Ichthyopterygia br Sauria br Neodiapsida is a clade or major branch of the reptilian family tree, that includes all Diapsid s apart from some early primitive types known as Araeoscelidia . In phylogenetic systematics they are variously defined as the common ancestor and all its descendants of Younginiformes Younginiforms and crown diapsids the common ancestor of lizard s, crocodilia ns and Aves birds , and all their descendants Callaway 1997 , or all diapsids that are more closely related to Sauria than to Araeoscelidia Laurin and Gauthier 2000 . Early or basal Permian neodiaspids were lizard like, but already include specialised swimming Claudiosaurus and gliding Coelurosauravidae forms, as well as more conventional lizard like forms Youngina etc. . Before the end of the Permian, the neodiaspids give rise to the main branches of the diapsid evolutionary tree, the Lepidosauromorpha lepidosaurs and Archosauromorpha archosaurs . The clade is defined by a number of details in skull and skeleton, for which see Laurin and Gauthier 2000. References Callaway, J.M. 1997 , Ichthyosauria Introduction, in JM Callaway & Elizabeth Nicholls EL Nicholls eds. , Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press, pp. 3 16. Laurin, Michel and Gauthier, Jacques A. 2000 http tolweb.org tree eukaryotes animals chordata diapsid lichen diapsid autapomorphies.html Autapomorphies of Diapsid Clades External links http www.palaeos.com Vertebrates Units 210Eureptilia 200.html Eureptilia Neodiapsida http www.fmnh.helsinki.fi users haaramo Metazoa Deuterostoma Chordata Reptilia Neodiapsida.htm Neodiapsida cladogram Category Reptiles es Neodiapsida pl Neodiapsida fi Neodiaspida zh ... more details
Taxobox name Claudiosaurus fossil range Late Permian image Claudiosaurus BW.jpg image width 250px image caption Claudiosaurus germaini regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Reptile Sauropsida subclassis Diapsida unranked ordo Neodiapsida genus Claudiosaurus Claudiosaurus is an extinct genus of diapsid reptile from the Permian period of Madagascar. Image ClaudiosaurusGermaini RedpathMuseumMontreal June6 08.png thumb left Specimen of Claudiosaurus germaini , on display at the Redpath Museum , Montreal. Claudiosaurus was one of the first members of the Neodiapsida , a group of reptiles containing most diapsids except the primitive Araeoscelidia . It had a relatively long body and neck, reaching on overall length of about convert 60 cm ft . It is presumed to have been partially ocean ic, living its life in a way similar to the modern Marine Iguana . The main reason for this theory is that the skeleton included substantial amounts cartilage , rather than bone , indicating it had trouble supporting its weight on land. In particular, the sternum was poorly developed, which would have made walking difficult out of water. Instead, it probably swam by undulating its body and tail, and holding its legs close to the body to increase streamlining. ref name EoDP cite book editor Palmer, D. year 1999 title The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals publisher Marshall Editions location London page 72 isbn 1 84028 152 9 ref References reflist Category Permian reptiles paleo reptile stub es Claudiosaurus pl Klaudiozaur zh portal Paleontology ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Spinoaequalis fossil range Late Carboniferous regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Sauropsid a ordo Araeoscelidia genus Spinoaequalis genus authority deBraga & Reisz, 1995 subdivision ranks Species subdivision S. schultzei small deBraga & Reisz, 1995 type species type small Spinoaequalis is an extinct genus of diapsid reptile. The 30 cm 1 ft long creature, known from fossil s found in Kansas , USA , was one of the first diapsids, along with Petrolacosaurus . It was also the first reptile to return to the water, evolving shortly after Hylonomus , the oldest confirmed reptile. Spinoaequalis was not fully aquatic, frequently returning to dry land. It probably swam using its laterally flattened, fanned tail. Its name means symmetrical spine referring to its deep, laterally compressed tail. Spinoaequalis has been found along with beautifully preserved marine fish , suggesting it occasionally left fresh water streams for the sea. Spinoaequalis was described and named by Michael deBraga and Robert Reisz in 1995. ref name DMRR95 cite journal last deBraga first Michael coauthors and Reisz, Robert R. year 1995 title A new diapsid reptile from the uppermost Carboniferous Stephanian of Kansas journal Palaeontology volume 38 issue 1 pages 199 212 url http palaeontology.palass pubs.org pdf Vol 2038 Pages 20199 212.pdf format pdf ref References reflist Portal Paleontology Category Prehistoric reptiles Category Carboniferous reptiles Category Prehistoric reptiles of North America Paleo reptile stub ca Spinoaequalis pl Spinoaequalis zh ... more details
Automatic taxobox fossil range Sakmarian , fossil range 289 authority Reisz, Modesto & Scott, 2011 in paleontology 2011 type species extinct Orovenator mayorum type species authority Reisz et al. , 2011 Orovenator is an extinct genus of diapsid from Lower Permian Sakmarian stage deposits of Oklahoma , USA . It is known from two partial skull s from the Richards Spur locality in Oklahoma. The holotype Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History OMNH 74606 consists of a partial skull preserving snout and mandible , and the referred specimen, OMNH 74607, a partial skull preserving the skull roof, vertebra e and palatal elements. It was first named by Robert R. Reisz , Sean P. Modesto and Diane M. Scott in 2011 in paleontology 2011 and the type species is Orovenator mayorum . The generic name means mountain , oro , in Greek language Greek in reference to the Richards Spur locality, which was mountainous during the Permian period and hunter , venator , in Latin . The specific name zoology specific name honours Bill and Julie May. Orovenator is the oldest and most basal neodiapsid to date. ref name Orovenator cite journal authors Robert R. Reisz, Sean P. Modesto and Diane M. Scott year 2011 title A new Early Permian reptile and its significance in early diapsid evolution url http rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org content 278 1725 3731 journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B volume 278 issue 1725 pages 3731 3737 doi 10.1098 rspb.2011.0439 ref Phylogeny Cladogram after Reisz, Modesto & Scott, 2011 ref name Orovenator clade style font size 100 line height 85 1 clade 1 Captorhinidae label2 Diapsida 2 clade 1 Araeoscelidia label2 Neodiapsida 2 clade 1 Orovenator 2 clade 1 Lanthanolania 2 clade 1 Tangasauridae 2 clade 1 Younginidae 2 clade 1 Claudiosaurus 2 Sauria References reflist portal Paleontology Category Prehistoric reptiles of North America Category Permian reptiles Category Fossil taxa described in 2011 paleo reptile stub es Orovenator ... more details
Automatic taxobox fossil range Wordian , fossil range 266 authority Reisz & Modesto, 2003 in paleontology 2003 type species extinct Lanthanolania ivakhnenkoi type species authority Reisz & Modesto, 2003 Lanthanolania meaning forgotten butcher is an extinct genus of diapsid from Middle Permian ref name Orovenator Wordian stage, or upermost Kazanian in Eastern Europe deposits of Arkhangel sk Province, Russia . It is known from the holotype and only specimen PIN 162 56, a nearly complete skull from the Glyadnaya Shchelya locality, Mezen river in Mesen District. It was first named by Sean P. Modesto and Robert R. Reisz in 2003 in paleontology 2003 and the type species is Lanthanolania ivakhnenkoi . ref name Lanthanolania cite journal authors Sean P. Modesto and Robert R. Reisz year 2003 title An enigmatic new diapsid reptile from the Upper Permian of Eastern Europe url http www.bioone.org doi abs 10.1671 0272 4634 282002 29022 5B0851 3AAENDRF 5D2.0.CO 3B2?journalCode vrpa journal Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology volume 22 issue 4 pages 851 855 doi 10.1671 0272 4634 2002 022 0851 AENDRF 2.0.CO 2 ref Phylogeny Cladogram after Reisz, Modesto & Scott, 2011 ref name Orovenator cite journal authors Robert R. Reisz, Sean P. Modesto and Diane M. Scott year 2011 title A new Early Permian reptile and its significance in early diapsid evolution url http rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org content 278 1725 3731 journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B volume 278 issue 1725 pages 3731 3737 doi 10.1098 rspb.2011.0439 ref clade style font size 100 line height 85 1 clade 1 Captorhinidae label2 Diapsida 2 clade 1 Araeoscelidia label2 Neodiapsida 2 clade 1 Orovenator 2 clade 1 Lanthanolania 2 clade 1 Tangasauridae 2 clade 1 Younginidae 2 clade 1 Claudiosaurus 2 Sauria References reflist portal Paleontology Category Prehistoric reptiles of Europe Category Permian reptiles Category Fossil taxa described in 2003 paleo reptile stub ... more details
of the early groups is fluid and subject to change. Taxonomy Subclass DIAPSIDA Order Araeoscelidia ... font size 100 line height 85 label1 Diapsida 1 clade 1 Araeoscelidia label2 Neodiapsida 2 clade 1 Orovenator ... more details
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