would separate it from Entamoeba , which has dictyosomes. The name Archamoebae, from Greek first ... is an artifact of long branch attraction . Instead, the Archamoebae are part of the Amoebozoa ... Amoebozoa Category Amoeboids protist stub es Archamoebae fr Archamoebae sr Entamoebida uk Archamoebae ... more details
Taxobox domain Eukaryota phylum Amoebozoa classis Archamoebae familia Entamoebidae Entamoebidae is a family of Archamoebae . It includes Entamoeba and Endolimax . ref name urlwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov cite web url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Taxonomy Browser wwwtax.cgi?mode Tree&id 33084 title www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov format work accessdate 2009 05 06 ref References reflist Amoebozoa Category Amoebozoa protist stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Mastigella domain Eukaryota regnum Amoebozoa phylum Archamoebae ordo Mastigamoebida familia Mastigamoebidae genus Mastigella genus authority Frenzel, 1897 Mastigella is an amoeboid genus belonging to Amoebozoa . ref cite web url http www.bms.ed.ac.uk research others smaciver amoebae.htm title The Amoebae work accessdate 2009 06 25 ref References reflist Amoebozoa Category Amoebozoa protist stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Endamoeba domain Eukaryota phylum Amoebozoa classis Archamoebae familia Entamoebidae genus Endamoeba genus authority Joseph Leidy J. Leidy , 1879 ref cite journal author Harold Kirby year 1945 title Entamoeba coli versus Endamoeba coli journal Journal of Parasitology volume 31 issue 3 pages 177 184 jstor 3272539 ref Endamoeba is a genus of amoeboid s in Amoebozoa . ref name urlThe Amoebae cite web url http www.bms.ed.ac.uk research others smaciver amoebae.htm title The Amoebae format work accessdate 2009 06 25 ref It includes the species Endamoeba blattae , Endamoeba lutea , and Endamoeba similans . ref http www.eol.org pages 62541 ref References reflist Amoebozoa Category Amoebozoa protist stub ... more details
Automatic taxobox fossil range image image caption taxon Conosa authority display parents 3 range map range map alt range map caption synonyms ref synonyms subdivision ranks Infraphylum Infraphyla subdivision Mycetozoa Archamoebae Conosa is a grouping of Amoebozoa . It is subdivided into two infraphyla &ndash Mycetozoa and Archamoebae . ref name pmid9809012 cite journal author Cavalier Smith T title A revised six kingdom system of life journal Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc volume 73 issue 3 pages 203 66 year 1998 month August pmid 9809012 doi 10.1111 j.1469 185X.1998.tb00030.x url http www3.interscience.wiley.com resolve openurl?genre article&sid nlm pubmed&issn 1464 7931&date 1998&volume 73&issue 3&spage 203 ref ref name pmid11830664 cite journal author Bapteste E, Brinkmann H, Lee JA, et al title The analysis of 100 genes supports the grouping of three highly divergent amoebae Dictyostelium, Entamoeba, and Mastigamoeba journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 99 issue 3 pages 1414 9 year 2002 month February pmid 11830664 pmc 122205 doi 10.1073 pnas.032662799 url http www.pnas.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11830664 ref Conosa includes the species Dictyostelium discoideum and Entamoeba histolytica , among others. ref name pmid16362072 cite journal author Song J, Xu Q, Olsen R, et al title Comparing the Dictyostelium and Entamoeba genomes reveals an ancient split in the Conosa lineage journal PLoS Comput. Biol. volume 1 issue 7 pages e71 year 2005 month December pmid 16362072 pmc 1314882 doi 10.1371 journal.pcbi.0010071 url http dx.plos.org 10.1371 journal.pcbi.0010071 ref References reflist Eukaryota classification Amoebozoa Category Amoebozoa protist stub ko pt Conosa zh ... more details
italic title taxobox name Mastigamoeba domain Eukaryota regnum Amoebozoa phylum Archamoebae classis ordo familia Mastigamoebidae genus Mastigamoeba genus authority subdivision ranks Species subdivision M. aspera br Mastigamoeba balamuthi M. balamuthi br Mastigamoeba hylae M. hylae br Mastigamoeba invertens M. invertens br Mastigamoeba longfilum M. longfilum br Mastigamoeba punctachora M. punctachora br Mastigamoeba schizophrenia M. schizophrenia br Mastigamoeba setosa M. setosa br Mastigamoeba simplex M. simplex synonyms Phreatamoeba Mastigamoeba is an amoeboid genus. ref name The Amoebae cite web url http www.bms.ed.ac.uk research others smaciver mastigamoeba.htm title Mastigamoeba work accessdate 2009 06 25 ref ref cite pmid 18184723 ref The exact classification is subject to debate, including the assumption that it is synonymous with Phreatamoeba . It includes Mastigamoeba balamuthi . ref cite pmid 18045382 ref Mastigamoeba invertens is now classified as Breviata anathema . ref cite pmid 16579808 ref References reflist 2 Amoebozoa Category Amoebozoa protist stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Entamoeba gingivalis domain Eukaryota kingdom Protista phylum Amoebozoa classis Archamoebae genus Entamoeba species E. gingivalis binomial Entamoeba gingivalis binomial authority Gros, 1849 Entamoeba gingivalis is a non pathogenic protozoa Citation needed date October 2009 reported by some to cause disease ref cite pmid 19495399 ref and is known to be the first amoeba in humans to be described. It is found in the mouth ref cite pmid 15580129 ref between the gingival pockets and near the base of the teeth. Entamoeba gingivalis is found in 95 of people with gum disease and in 50 of people with healthy gums. Citation needed date February 2012 The cyst formation is not present, therefore transmission is direct from one person to another by kissing, or by sharing eating utensils. Only the trophozoite s are formed and the size is usually 10 micrometer to 20 micrometer in diameter. Entamoeba gingivalis have pseudopodia that allow them to move quickly. Citation needed date February 2012 Their spheroid nucleus is 2 micrometer to 4 micrometer in diameter and contains a small central endosome . There are numerous food vacuole s and contain cellular debris, blood cells and bacteria. References reflist Sources Roberts L. and Janovy J. Foundations of Parasitology. The McGraw Hill Companies. New York. 2005 114 115 Amoebozoa diseases Category Amoebozoa Category Parasites es Entamoeba gingivalis fa fr Entamoeba gingivalis id Entamoeba gingivalis ru tr Entamoeba gingivalis ... more details
other primitive amitochondriate amoeboids in a new taxonomical group the Archamoebae . ref Cavalier .... A. Schenk ed. , Endocytobiology II. de Gruyter, Berlin. pp. 1027 1034. ref The Archamoebae were, in turn ... probably possessed mitochondria. ref Morin, L., and J. P. Mignot. 1995. Are Archamoebae true Archezoa ... of Cavalier Smith s Archamoebae were descended from mitochondriate cells. In other words, they were ... more details
microtubule supported structures except during mitosis . However, flagella occur among some archamoebae ... been lost among archamoebae. Classification Amoebae are difficult to classify, and relationships ... to be unnatural groups. Structural and genetic studies identified the percolozoa ns and several archamoebae ... lobosans do form a monophyletic group, and that the archamoebae and Mycetozoa are closely ... Archamoebae and Mycetozoa have been placed in a subphylum Conosa . This classification receives some ... more details
italic title about the protozoal parasite Entamoeba coli the bacterium with the species abbreviation E. coli Escherichia coli Taxobox color khaki name Entamoeba coli image Entamoeba coli 01.jpg image width 240px image caption Entamoeba coli cyst domain Eukaryota kingdom Protista phylum Amoebozoa classis Archamoebae genus Entamoeba species E. coli binomial Entamoeba coli Entamoeba coli is a non pathogenic species of Entamoeba that frequently exists as a commensal parasite in the human gastrointestinal tract . E. coli not to be confused with the Bacteria bacterium Escherichia coli is important in medicine because it can be confused during microscopic examination of stained stool specimens with the pathogen ic Entamoeba histolytica . ref name Baron cite book author Sodeman WA chapter Intestinal Protozoa Amebas title Baron s Medical Microbiology Baron S et al. , eds. edition 4th publisher Univ of Texas Medical Branch year 1996 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books bv.fcgi?rid mmed.section.4136 4149 isbn 0 9631172 1 1 ref While this differentiation is typically done by visual examination of the parasitic cysts via Microscope light microscopy , new methods using molecular biology techniques have been developed. ref cite journal author Verweij JJ, Laeijendecker D, Brienen EA, van Lieshout L, Polderman AM title Detection and identification of entamoeba species in stool samples by a reverse line hybridization assay journal J. Clin. Microbiol. volume 41 issue 11 pages 5041 5 year 2003 pmid 14605136 url http jcm.asm.org cgi content full 41 11 5041?view long&pmid 14605136 doi 10.1128 JCM.41.11.5041 5045.2003 pmc 262518 ref Clinical significance File Entaemoeba coli cyst 6 nuclei.png thumb Entamoeba coli cyst with more than 4 nuclei The presence of E.coli is not cause in and of itself to seek treatment as it is considered harmless. ref name urlIntestinal and Luminal Protozoa cite web url http pathmicro.med.sc.edu parasitology intest protozoa.htm title Intestinal and Luminal Protoz ... more details
Archezoa was a kingdom biology kingdom proposed by Thomas Cavalier Smith ref name pmid2497352 cite journal author Tom Cavalier Smith title Archaebacteria and Archezoa journal Nature journal Nature volume 339 issue 6220 pages 100 101 year 1989 month May pmid 2497352 doi 10.1038 339100a0 ref ref name pmid8302218 cite journal author Tom Cavalier Smith title Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla journal Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Microbiological Reviews volume 57 issue 4 pages 953 994 year 1993 month December pmid 8302218 pmc 372943 url http mmbr.asm.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 8302218 ref for eukaryote s that diverged before the origin of mitochondrion mitochondria . At various times, the pelobionts and entamoebids now Archamoebae , the metamonad s, and the Microsporidia were included here. These groups appear near the base of eukaryotic evolution on rRNA trees. However, all these groups are now known to have developed from mitochondriate ancestors, and trees based on other genes do not support their basal placement. The kingdom Archezoa has therefore been abandoned. ref cite journal last Poole first Anthony coauthors Penny, David title Engulfed by speculation journal Nature date 21 June 2007 volume 447 issue 7147 pages 913 doi 10.1038 447913a pmid 17581566 url http www.cecm.usp.br cewinter aulas artigos 2007 eukarya orig.pdf accessdate 15 March 2011 ref Archaezoa is composed of two kingdoms of protists, Kingdom Diplomadida and Kingdom Parabasala. These 2 kingdoms are grouped together because they lack mitochondria. The Archaezoa hypothesis suggests that these two kingdoms originally had mitochondria, but lost them before mitochondria became symbionts of protists. This lineage is believed to be the proof of Eukaryotic Endosymbiosis. By whom date October 2011 Molecular evidence indicates that Archaezoa have the genetic marker of mitochondria in their nucleus that suggests the had and then lost mitochondria. Citation needed date October 2011 Both of the ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Endolimax domain Eukaryote regnum Amoebozoa phylum Archamoebae genus Endolimax Endolimax is a genus of amoebozoa ref name pmid10605115 cite journal author Silberman JD, Clark CG, Diamond LS, Sogin ML title Phylogeny of the genera Entamoeba and Endolimax as deduced from small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences journal Mol. Biol. Evol. volume 16 issue 12 pages 1740 51 year 1999 month December pmid 10605115 doi url http mbe.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 10605115 ref that are found in the intestine s of various animals, including the species E. nana found in humans. Originally thought to be non pathogenic, studies suggest it can cause intermittent or chronic diarrhea. ref name pmid4809031 cite journal author John Q. Stauffer MD & W. L. Levine title Chronic diarrhea related to Endolimax Nana journal Parasitology Research volume 19 issue 1 pages 59 63 year 1974 month January pmid 4809031 doi url http www.springerlink.com content w7332r77l388w835 ref ref name pmid16249910 cite journal author Thaddeus K. Graczyk, Clive K. Shiff, Leena Tamang, Fair Munsaka, Anna M. Beitin and William J. Moss title The association of Blastocystis hominis and Endolimax nana with diarrheal stools in Zambian school age children journal Digestive Diseases and Sciences volume 98 issue 1 pages 38 43 year 2005 month December pmid 16249910 doi 10.1007 s00436 005 0003 0 url http www.springerlink.com content 7544x464kwt2g65n ref Additionally, it is very significant in medicine because it can provide false positives for other tests, notably the similar species Entamoeba histolytica , the pathogen responsible for amoebic dysentery , and because its presence indicates the host has consumed fecal material. It forms cysts with four nuclei which excyst in the body and become trophozoite s. Endolimax nana nuclei have a large endosome somewhat off center and small amounts of visible chromatin or none at all. Cyst Cysts are small, with a spherical to ellipsoidal shape. Mature ... more details
Taxobox domain Eukaryota phylum Amoebozoa classis Archamoebae genus Entamoeba subdivision ranks Species subdivision Entamoeba coli E. coli br Entamoeba dispar E. dispar br Entamoeba gingivalis E. gingivalis br Entamoeba histolytica E. histolytica br Entamoeba invadens E. invadens br Entamoeba moshkovskii E. moshkovskii br etc. Entamoeba is a genus of Amoebozoa found as internal parasitism parasite s or commensalism commensal s of animals. In 1875, Fedor L sch described the first proven case of amoebic dysentery in St Petersburg, Russia. He referred to the amoeba he observed microscopically as Amoeba coli however it is not clear whether he was using this as a descriptive term or intended it as a formal taxonomic name. ref L sch, F. 1875 Massenhafte Entwickelung von Am ben im Dickdarm. Virchow s Archiv 65 196 211. ref The genus Entamoeba was defined by Casagrandi and Barbagallo for the species Entamoeba coli , which is known to be a commensalism commensal organism. ref Casagrandi O & Barbagallo P 1895 Ricerche biologiche e cliniche suli Amoeba coli L sch . Nota preliminare . Bull. Accad. Gioenia Sci. Nat. Catania 39 4. ref L sch s organism was renamed Entamoeba histolytica by Fritz Schaudinn in 1903 he later died, in 1906, from a self inflicted infection when studying this amoeba. For a time during the first half of the 20th century the entire genus Entamoeba was transferred to Endamoeba , a genus of amoebas infecting invertebrates about which little is known. This move was reversed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in the late 1950s, and Entamoeba has stayed stable ever since. Species Several species are found in humans. Entamoeba histolytica is the pathogen responsible for amoebiasis which includes amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscesses , while others such as Entamoeba coli not to be confused with Escherichia coli and Entamoeba dispar E ... help in species identification. Classification Entamoeba belongs to the Archamoebae , which like many ... more details
For the infection and disease caused by this parasite Amoebiasis italictitle Taxobox name Entamoeba histolytica image Entamoeba histolytica 01.jpg image width 240px image caption Entamoeba histolytica Microbial cyst cyst domain Eukaryote Eukaryota kingdom Protista phylum Amoebozoa classis Archamoebae ordo Amoebida genus Entamoeba species E. histolytica binomial Entamoeba histolytica binomial authority Fritz Schaudinn Schaudinn , 1903 File Entamoeba histolytica life cycle en.svg thumb right 450px Life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic organism anaerobic parasitic protozoa n, part of the genus Entamoeba . ref name Sherris cite book author Ryan KJ, Ray CG editors title Sherris Medical Microbiology edition 4th pages 733 8 publisher McGraw Hill year 2004 isbn 0838585299 ref Predominantly infecting humans and other primates, E. histolytica is estimated to infect about 50 million people worldwide. Previously, it was thought that 10 of the world population was infected, but these figures predate the recognition that at least 90 of these infections were due to a second species, E. dispar . ref cite journal author title Amoebiasis journal Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. volume 72 issue 14 pages 97 9 year 1997 month April pmid 9100475 doi url http www.who.int docstore wer pdf 1997 wer7214.pdf ref Mammals such as dogs and cats can become infected transiently, but are not thought to contribute significantly to transmission. Transmission The active trophozoite stage exists only in the host and in fresh loose feces cyst s survive outside the host in water, in soils, and on foods, especially under moist conditions on the latter. The cysts are readily killed by heat and by freezing temperatures, and survive for only a few months outside of the host. ref cite book title Waterborne Pathogens date 2006 06 publisher American Water Works Association isbn 9781583214039 author American Water Works Association ref When cysts are swallowed they cause infections by ex ... more details
about cell biology the Canadian death metal band Mitochondrion band Image Mitochondria, mammalian lung TEM.jpg thumb 250px right Two mitochondria from mammalian lung tissue displaying their matrix and membranes as shown by electron microscopy Image Biological cell.svg thumb 250px Schematic of typical animal cell, showing subcellular components. Organelle s br 1 Nucleolus br 2 Nuclear membrane br 3 Ribosomes br 4 Vesicle biology Vesicle br 5 Rough endoplasmic reticulum ER br 6 Golgi body br 7 Cytoskeleton br 8 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ER br 9 Mitochondria br 10 Vacuole br 11 Cytosol br 12 Lysosome br 13 Centriole s within centrosome In cell biology , a mitochondrion plural mitochondria is a Biological membrane membrane enclosed organelle found in most eukaryote eukaryotic cell biology cells . ref name mitosomes cite journal author Henze K, Martin W title Evolutionary biology essence of mitochondria journal Nature volume 426 issue 6963 pages 127 8 year 2003 pmid 14614484 doi 10.1038 426127a last2 Martin first2 William ref These organelles range from 0.5 to 1.0 micrometer Micrometre m in diameter. Mitochondria are sometimes described as cellular power plants because they generate most of the cell s supply of adenosine triphosphate ATP , used as a source of chemical energy . ref cite book last Campbell first Neil A. authorlink coauthors Brad Williamson Robin J. Heyden title Biology Exploring Life publisher Pearson Prentice Hall year 2006 location Boston, Massachusetts pages url http www.phschool.com el marketing.html doi id isbn 0 13 250882 6 ref In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in a range of other processes, such as cell signaling signaling , cellular differentiation , apoptosis cell death , as well as the control of the cell cycle and cell growth . ref cite journal author McBride HM, Neuspiel M, Wasiak S title Mitochondria more than just a powerhouse journal Curr. Biol. volume 16 issue 14 pages R551 60 year 2006 pmid 168607 ... more details
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