history hramy yug index.html Information about the church , from the Arkhyz Observatory website. ref Within 30 km from Nizhny Arkhyz a short grave inscription was discovered in 1888. Although ... , datable to the 10th century but discovered only recently. Arkhyz is also the site of a Special ... churches History and Views External links commons category Arkhyz ru icon http www.arkhyz.info MARSHRUT.FILES poselok.php History of Arkhyz on arkhyz.info ru icon http www.dombayinfo.ru arkhiz The village of Arkhyz on dombayinfo.ru ru icon http www.dombai arhiz.ru rest routes arhiz within arhiz Website of the Arkhyz mountain resort coord display title 43 33 54 N 41 16 44 E Category 10th century ... mhr pt Arkhyz ru ... more details
File Arkhyz4.jpg thumb Senty Church Senty Church Russian is a Byzantine architecture Byzantine style limestone church situated in the Greater Caucasus , on the left bank of the Teberda River , near the village of Nizhnyaya Teberda , 18 km south of Karachaevsk , Karachay Cherkessia , Russia Russian Federation . The diminutive building, about ten meters in height, is notable as one of the earliest churches in Russia. Like the Shoana Church and the Arkhyz Cathedral, it is believed to have been constructed in connection with missionary activities of Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos in the first quarter of the 10th century. There are traces of frescoes from the 11th century. The church was much altered at the urging of the nuns from a nearby monastery in the 19th century. Near the church lie the ruins of an ancient mausoleum . See also Shoana Church Arkhyz External links http www.alanica.ru hram sen.htm History and exploration of the church http www.alanica.ru hram fres.htm Frescoes of Senty Church http www.dombayinfo.ru foto karachay gallery26032007 Photographs of the church Refimprove date April 2010 Coord display title 43 38 13 N 41 51 56 E Category History of Ossetia Category Churches in Karachay Cherkessia Category 10th century church buildings Category Eastern Orthodox church buildings es Iglesia de Senti hy ru ... more details
Maghas or Maas was the capital city of Alania , ref http books.google.hu books?id Rgxm E2Fq1gC&pg PA257&dq maghas khazaria&hl hu&ei yd3gTrikNsKIhQfqpp38BA&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CDEQ6AEwAA v onepage&q maghas 20khazaria&f false The Jews of Khazaria by Kevin Alan Brook ref a medieval kingdom in the Greater Caucasus . It is known exclusively from Arabic sources and its location is uncertain, with some authors favouring North Ossetia and others pointing to Arkhyz in modern day Karachay Cherkessia , where three 10th century churches still stand. Another possible location is Ingushetia Citation needed date June 2009 , whose capital city Magas , when founded in 1995, was named after the ancient town. The destruction of Maghas is ascribed either to the Mongols or to Tamerlane . Reflist Category History of the Caucasus Category History of Ossetia Category Former populated places in Russia Europe hist stub ... more details
Image Shoana church.JPG thumb right Shoana Church. Shoana Church Russian , also known as Khumara Church , is an early 10th century Alania n church sited on a cliff above the left bank of the Kuban River , 7 km upstream from Karachayevsk and 4 km downstream from the ruins of Skhimar , in the vicinity of Kosta Khetagurov Village. It is a typical Byzantine architecture Byzantine style church, 12.9 meters high, with three naves, separated by four pillars. The building was first explored and depicted by Joseph Bernardazzi in 1829 a more scholarly description was given by Abraham Firkovich in 1848. Two medieval books from this church are now in the University of G ttingen . See also Arkhyz Senty Church References http www.dombayinfo.ru foto karachay gallery22032007 Description and photographs http www.dombayinfo.ru foto karachay gallery22032007 Shoana Church on alanica.ru http www.stavropol eparhia.ru news ?id 20060610110831 The site of the Stavropol Diocese http www.pravoslavie islam.ru 2arch.htm Description by Bishop Gedeon of Stavropol and Baku coord missing Russia Category History of Ossetia Category Churches in Karachay Cherkessia Category 10th century church buildings Category Eastern Orthodox church buildings es Iglesia de Shoana krc ru ... more details
align center I align center 1996 November 1 9 align center UT 3 Nizhnij Arkhyz flagicon Russia Russia ... UT 3 Nizhnij Arkhyz flagicon Russia Russia align center 4 align center align center III align center 1998 October 20 27 align center UT 4 UT 3 Nizhnij Arkhyz flagicon Russia Russia align center 5 align ... center UT 4 Nizhnij Arkhyz flagicon Russia Russia align center 8 align center align center VI align ... Arkhyz flagicon Russia Russia align center 11 align center align center VIII align center 2003 October ... more details
Image Zelenchuk church.jpg thumb 285px A 10th century Alanian church in Arkhyz , as photographed after its reconstruction and remodeling in 1897. The North Ossetia Alania Republic of North Ossetia Alania is a Federal subjects of Russia federal subject of Russia a Republics of Russia republic , located in the Caucasus region. Early history Main Alania The territory of North Ossetia has been inhabited for thousands of years, being both a very fertile agricultural region and a key trade route through the Caucasus Mountains . The ancestors of the present inhabitants were a people called the Alans , ref name Great Soviet Encyclopedia http slovari.yandex.ru dict bse article 00001 79200.htm Great Soviet Encyclopedia ref a warlike nomadic people who spoke an Iranian languages Iranian language . ref name Great Soviet Encyclopedia Part of the Alan people eventually settled in the Caucasus around the 7th century AD. By about the 9th century, the kingdom of Alania had arisen and had been converted to Christianity by Orthodox Church of Constantinople Byzantine missionaries . An archbishopric was established in western Alania under the authority of the Patriarchate of Constantinople , and many large churches were constructed Arkhyz churches, Shoana Church , Senty Church . Alania became a powerful state in the Caucasus, profiting greatly from the legendary Silk Road to China , which passed through its territory. From the Middle Ages onwards, Alania was beset by external enemies and suffered repeated invasions. The invasions of the Mongols and Tatars in the 13th century decimated the population, who were now known as Ossetians . Islam was introduced in the 17th century through the Kabard ians, a Muslim Caucasian people. Incursions by the Khanate of Crimea and the Ottoman Empire eventually pushed Alania Ossetia into an alliance with Russia in the 18th century. North Ossetia was among the first areas of the northern Caucasus to come under Russian domination, starting in 1774, and the capital ... more details
of the Alanian kingdom include three churches in Arkhyz , the Shoana Church , and the Senty ... Two Russian crosses, datable to ca. 1200, were discovered by archaeologists in Arkhyz, the heartland ... more details
Primary sources date February 2011 Infobox ethnic group group Karachays image Image Karachay patriarchs in the 19th century.jpg 285px br Karachay patriarchs in the 19th century poptime 200,000 popplace Russia 192,182 2002 , ref name Russia2002 http demoscope.ru weekly ssp rus2002 02.php Russian Census 2002 Population by ethnicity ru icon ref Kazakhstan 995 2009 , Turkey , USA , Syria rels Sunni Islam langs Karachay Balkar language Karachay , Russian language Russian in Karachay Cherkessia Karachay Cherkess Republic The Karachays are Turkic languages Turkic speaking people of the North Caucasus , mostly situated in the Russia n Karachay Cherkessia Karachay Cherkess Republic . History The Karachays , Qara ayl la are a Turkic languages Turkic speaking people descending from the Alans and native Peoples of the Caucasus Caucasians their Turkic language is the same as the Kumyks from Republic of Dagestan Daghestan . The Kipchaks and Cumans came to the area of the Caucasus in 11th century A.D, the state of Alania established in the Middle Ages had its capital in Maghas , which some authors locate in Arkhyz , the mountains currently inhabited by the Karachay others place it in modern Ingushetia or North Ossetia . In the 14th century, Alania was destroyed by Timur and the decimated population dispersed in the mountains. Timur s intervention to the North Caucasus introduced the local nations to Islam the name Karachay means Black River . In 1828 the Russian army invaded the area of the Karachay. On October 20, 1828 was the Battle of Hasaukinskoe , the bloodiest of these battles in which the king s troops which were under the personal command of General Emanuel , equipped with artillery, managed to win. Emanuel s troops lost and injured 163 people, which exceeded the loss of the Russians in the battle with the 30 thousandth shell Batal Pasha. Karachaevskij elders had taken steps to prevent the massacres of their villages. The day after the battle, when troops are a ... more details
Geobox Range name Greater Caucasus image Arkhyz.jpg image caption Mountainous landscape of Arkhyz country Russia country1 Georgia country Georgia country2 Azerbaijan region type region parent Caucasus Mountains border Lesser Caucasus length 1200 length orientation NW SE width width orientation highest Mount Elbrus highest elevation 5642 highest lat d 43 highest lat m 21 highest lat s 18 highest lat NS N highest long d 42 highest long m 26 highest long s 31 highest long EW E geology period orogeny map Kaukasus.jpg map caption Satellite image Greater Caucasus lang ru , Azerbaijani language Azerbaijani B y k Qafqaz Da lar , Georgian language Georgian , Chechen language Chechen Kavkazan Lamna , sometimes translated as Caucasus Major , Big Caucasus or Large Caucasus is the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains . It stretches for about convert 1200 km mi from west northwest to east southeast, between the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea from the Western Caucasus in the vicinity of Sochi on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea and reaching nearly to Baku on the Caspian. The range is traditionally separated into three parts Western Caucasus , from the Black Sea to Mount Elbrus Central Caucasus , from Mount Elbrus to Mount Kazbek Eastern Caucasus , from Mount Kazbek to the Caspian Sea Europe Asia boundary The watershed of the Caucasus is also considered the boundaries between continents boundary between Eastern Europe and Western Asia . The European part north of the watershed is known as Ciscaucasia , the Asiatic part to the south as Transcaucasia . ref 18th century definitions drew the boundary north of the Caucasus, across the Kuma Manych Depression . This definition remained in use in the Soviet Union during the 20th century. In western literature, the continental boundary has been drawn along the Caucasus watershed since at least the mid 19th century. See e.g. Baron von Haxthausen, Transcaucasia ... more details
The Special Astrophysical Observatory lang ru , or SAO RAS for short, is an astronomical observatory , set up in 1966 in the USSR , now operated by the Russian Academy of Sciences . Based in the Bolshoi Zelenchuk Valley of the Greater Caucasus near the village of Nizhny Arkhyz , the observatory houses the large BTA 6 optical telescope and RATAN 600 radio telescope . The two instruments are about convert 20 km mi abbr on apart. BTA 6 optical telescope Image .jpg right thumb 200px BTA 6 as seen from in front of the main entrance. main BTA 6 The BTA 6 lang ru , or Large Altazimuth Telescope was for several years the world s largest solid mirror reflecting telescope . The BTA 6 has a prime mirror diameter of 6 m 236 in and is housed in a 48 m 157.5 ft diameter dome at an altitude of 2,070 m 6,791 ft . Seeing first light in late 1975, it held the record from its completion until 1993, when it was surpassed by the Keck telescopes Keck 1 telescope, Hawaii . Telescopes of comparable or larger size have subsequently employed flexible or segmented mirrors, and the BTA 6 remains the world s largest rigid mirror telescope until the advent of spin casting technology which produced, for example, the single 8.4 meter primary mirror of the Large Binocular Telescope in the late 1990s . Its altazimuth mounting dictates the need for a field derotation mechanism to maintain the orientation of the Angle of view field of view . Initial results were disappointing due to cracking of the first Borosilicate glass borosilicate mirror, which was replaced in 1978. The large housing dome and massive 42 tonne mirror make it difficult to maintain the telescope at a suitable constant temperature during observing sessions. Atmospheric turbulence caused by windflow over the nearby Caucasus peaks can lead to poor Astronomical seeing seeing at the site, and observations with a ... more details
. Mountains File Arkhyz.jpg thumb 275px Mountainous landscape of Arkhyz The landscape of the republic ... and Arkhyz . References Notes Reflist Sources Cite Russian law ru date 5 1996 . ru title ... more details
coord 58 31 18 N 31 16 34 E type landmark region RU display title Image Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod.jpg thumb 250px Cathedral of St. Sophia from the southeast The Cathedral of St. Sophia the Holy Wisdom Holy Wisdom of God in the Novgorod Kremlin Kremlin or Detinets in Veliky Novgorod is the cathedral church of the Archbishop of Novgorod and the mother church of the Novgorodian Eparchy. History The 38 metre high, five domed, stone cathedral was built by Vladimir of Novgorod between 1045 and 1050 to replace an oaken cathedral built by Bishop Ioakim Korsunianin in the late tenth century ref A. N. Nasonov, ed., Novgorodskaia Pervaia Letopis Starshego i mladshego izvodov Moscow and Leningrad AN SSSR, 1950 , 16,181. ref making it the oldest church building in Russia proper and, with the exception of the Arkhyz and Shoana Church Shoana churches, the oldest building of any kind still in use in the country . It was consecrated by Bishop Luka Zhidiata 1035&ndash 1060 on September 14, in 1050 or 1052, the feast of the Feast of the Cross Exaltation of the Cross . A fresco just inside the south entrance depicts Sts. Constantine and Helena, who found the true cross in the fourth century it is one of the oldest works of art in the cathedral and is thought to commemorate its dedication. ref T. Iu. Tatiana Iur evna Tsarevskaia, St. Sofia s Cathedral in Novgorod, D. G. Fedosov, trans. Moscow Severnyi Palomnik, 2005 . This is an English translation of Sofiiskii sobor v Novgorode . 2nd ed. Moscow Severnyi palomnik, 2005 . The Sofia First Chronicle dates the consecration to 1050, the Novgorodian Third Chronicle to 1052. See Sofiiskii Sobor v Velikom Novgorode Arkhitektura i istoriia , online at http www.russiancity.ru text nov01.htm ref While it is commonly known as St. Sophia s, it is not named for any of the female saints of that name ie., Sophia of Rome or Sophia the Martyr rather, the name comes from the Greek for wisdom o , from whence we get words like philo sophia ... more details
Observatory Astronomical observatories Astronomical observatories are locations used for observing celestial event s. Observatory codes are assigned by the Minor Planet Center a service of the International Astronomical Union for use in cataloguing astrometric observations of solar system objects. The following is a list of observatory codes the parts in italics are not part of the IAU listing itself diacriticals were added These should link to the observatories 000 099 000 Greenwich , England, UK Royal Observatory, Greenwich 001 Crowborough , England, UK Isaac Roberts 002 Rayleigh , Chelmsford borough Chelmsford borough , Essex, England Observatory Raleigh 003 Montpellier , France Observatoire de la Babote 004 Toulouse , France Observatoire de Toulouse 005 Meudon , France Observatoire de Paris Meudon 006 Fabra Observatory , Barcelona , Spain Observatori Fabra 007 Paris , France Observatoire de Paris 008 Algiers Bouzar ah , Algeria CRAAG Algiers Observatory Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Geophysique 009 Berne Uecht , Switzerland Sternwarte Uecht http sternwarteuecht.astronomie.ch founded 1951 unlikely to be 009 , Solar Observatory at Uecht 010 Caussols , France CERGA Centre de recherches en g odynamique et astrom trie 011 Wetzikon , Switzerland Sternwarte Wetzikon 012 Uccle , Belgium Observatoire Royal de Belgique Koninklijke Sterrenwacht van Belgi 013 Leiden , Netherlands Sterrewacht Leiden 014 Marseilles , France Observatoire de Marseille 015 Utrecht , Netherlands Museum Sterrenwacht Sonnenborgh 016 Besan on , France Observatoire de Besan on 017 Hoher List , Germany Observatorium Hoher List 018 D sseldorf Bilk , Germany Sternwarte Bilk 019 Neuch tel , Switzerland Observatoire Cantonal de Neuch tel 020 Nice , France Observatoire de Nice 021 Karlsruhe , Germany Sternwarte Karlsruhe 022 Pino Torinese , Italy Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino 023 Wiesbaden , Germany Sternwarte Wiesbaden 024 Heidelberg K nigstuhl , Germany Landessternwarte Heidel ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
