Seealso Neutrality international relations Armedneutrality , in international politics , is the posture of a Sovereign state state or group of states which makes no military alliance alliance with either .... ref Oppenheim, International Law War and Neutrality, 1906, p. 325. ref The phrase armedneutrality sometimes refers specifically to one of the Leagues of ArmedNeutrality . The First League of ArmedNeutrality was an alliance of minor naval powers organized in 1780 by Catherine II of Russia to protect neutral shipping in the War of American Independence . ref See, generally, Scott, The Armed ... Publicists, 1918 Karsh, Neutrality and Small States, 1988, p. 16 17 Jones, Crucible of Power A History of American Foreign Relations to 1913, 2009, p. 15 17. ref The Second League of ArmedNeutrality ..., The Armed Neutralities of 1780 and 1800 A Collection of Official Documents Preceded by the Views of Representative Publicists, 1918 Karsh, Neutrality and Small States, 1988, p. 17. ref A potential Third League of ArmedNeutrality was discussed during the American Civil War , but was never realised. ref Bienstock, The Struggle for the Pacific, 2007, p. 150. ref Swiss neutrality Switzerland and Swedish neutrality Sweden are, independently of each other, famed for their armedneutrality, which they maintained ... Expenditures and ArmedNeutrality, in The Economics of Defence Spending, 1990, p. 148 149. ref During ... and ArmedNeutrality. In The Economics of Defence Spending An International Survey. Keith ... Press, 2007. ISBN 0674026829 DEFAULTSORT ArmedNeutrality Category Military diplomacy Category ... neutrality . ref John P. Duggan, Neutral Ireland and the Third Reich Lilliput Press Rev. ed edition .... New York Rowman & Littlefield, 2009. ISBN 0742565343 Karsh, Efraim. Neutrality and Small States. Florence ... Oppenheim, Lassa. International Law War and Neutrality. London Longmans, Green, 1906. Scott, James Brown. The Armed Neutralities of 1780 and 1800 A Collection of Official Documents Preceded by the Views ... more details
League of ArmedNeutrality refers to one of two military alliance alliance s of Europe an naval powers 1780 1783 and 1800 1801 , both intended to protect Neutral country neutral shipping against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland British Royal Navy s wartime policy of unlimited search of neutral shipping for France French contraband . Accounts of the times also refer to these alliances simply as the ArmedNeutrality. First League of ArmedNeutrality , existed from 1780 to 1783 during the American War of Independence . Second League of ArmedNeutrality , existed from 1800 to 1801 during the Napoleonic Wars Third League of ArmedNeutrality , a proposed but never adopted alliance between Britain and France during the American Civil War Disambig es Liga de la Neutralidad Armada ... more details
The first League of ArmedNeutrality was an military alliance alliance of European naval powers between 1780 and 1783 which was intended to protect Neutral country neutral shipping against the Kingdom of Great Britain British Royal Navy s wartime policy of unlimited search of neutral shipping for French contraband . ref http www.americanforeignrelations.com A D Armed Neutralities League of the armed neutrality.html Armed Neutralities International maritime law in the eighteenth century ref Empress Catherine II of Russia began the first League with her declaration of Russian armedneutrality on 11 March 28 February, Old Style and New Style dates Old Style , 1780, during the American Revolutionary War War of American Independence . She endorsed the right of neutral country neutral countries to trade by sea with nationals of belligerent countries without hindrance, except in weapons and military supplies. Russia would not recognize blockade s of whole coasts, but only of individual port s, and only if a belligerent s warship were actually present or nearby. The Russian navy dispatched three Squadron naval squadron s to the Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean , Atlantic Ocean Atlantic , and North Sea to enforce this decree. ref http minaev.blogspot.com 2009 03 march 11 in russian history armed.html ref Denmark Norway and Sweden, accepting Russia s proposals for an alliance of neutrals, adopted the same policy towards shipping, and the three countries signed the agreement forming the League. They remained otherwise out of the war, but threatened joint retaliation for every ship of theirs ... Wars by the Second League of ArmedNeutrality which was massively less successful and ended after ... s declaration of ArmedNeutrality from a Russian naval history French Revolution navbox Category ... combined, the alliance as a military measure was what Catherine later called it, an armed ... http books.google.com books?id h7dG pVarDAC&pg PA77&lpg PA77&dq First League of Armed Neutrality&source ... more details
The Second League of ArmedNeutrality or the League of the North was an military alliance alliance of the north Europe an naval powers Denmark Norway , Prussia, Sweden and Russia. It occurred between 1800 and 1801 during the War of the Second Coalition and was initiated by Paul I of Russia . It was a revival of the First League of ArmedNeutrality , which had been quite successful during the American War of Independence in isolating Britain and resisting attempts to interfere with their shipping, but the Second League was less successful than the First. The Second League was intended to protect Neutral country neutral shipping against the Kingdom of Great Britain British Royal Navy s wartime policy of unlimited search of neutral shipping for France French contraband , in an attempt to cut off military supplies and other trade to the First French Empire . The British government, not now anxious to preserve Russian goodwill, openly considered it a form of alliance with France and attacked Denmark, destroying parts of its fleet in the first Battle of Copenhagen 1801 Battle of Copenhagen and forcing it to withdraw from the League. In addition to this Prussia invaded Hanover in April 1801 as a way to attack the British. Paul s death in March 1801 and the acccesion of Alexander I of Russia Alexander I led to a change of policy in Russia, and the alliance collapsed. Russia later joined the British in a coalition against Napoleonic France. Legacy The prospect of a third league of armedneutrality potentially including Britain and France was briefly proposed in the 1860s, during the American Civil War , following the Trent Incident in which a British vessel had been stopped by the US Navy and two Confederate States of America Confederate diplomats taken off. Ultimately neither country formed a league, but maintained the principle of the freedom of the seas, and both remained neutral. References references French Revolution navbox Category Diplomacy Category Politics of the Russian ... more details
League of Neutrality may refer to First League of ArmedNeutrality Second League of ArmedNeutrality Disambiguation Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Neutrality Act may refer to Proclamation of Neutrality by President George Washington in 1793 Neutrality Act of 1794 , outlaws military operations against nations with which the U.S. is at peace still in force in amended form Neutrality Acts of 1930s , a series of acts intended to prevent the U.S. from being drawn into a war disambig ... more details
Medical Neutrality is refers to a principle of noninterference with medical services in times of armed ... neutrality derive from international human rights law , medical ethics and humanitarian law . Medical neutrality may be thought of as a kind of social contract that obligates societies to protect ... regardless of religion, race, ethnicity, or political affiliation. Violations of medical neutrality ... neutrality has roots in many social traditions. The Hippocratic Oath, which requires physicians ... of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 August ... to the human experimentation on Nazi prisoners. Violations of Medical Neutrality Medical neutrality ... of Medical Neutrality. http physiciansforhumanrights.org library multimedia principle of medical ... Neutrality Bahrain 2011 2012 The Bahraini government s crackdown on the 2011 2012 Bahrain uprising included extensive violations of medical neutrality. An investigative report released by Physicians ... to symbolize medical neutrality in the war torn area, was ambushed and resulted in the killing ... 2011 During the 2011 Libyan civil war , human rights groups documented violations of medical neutrality ... of medical neutrality. Attacks on hospitals and health clinics were common. In one instance, RENAMO ... documented a variety of human rights abuses and violations of medical neutrality. The military ... the principle of medical neutrality when it destroyed the Ponnampalam Memorial Hospital in Puthukkudiyiruppu ... of medical neutrality. Government forces have invaded, attacked, and misused hospitals and medical ... on medical neutrality Physicians for Human Rights USA Physicians for Human Rights Israel Doctors for Human Rights UK Physicians for Human Rights Denmark Medical Neutrality Protection Act of 2011 H.R. 2643 The Medical Neutrality Protection Act of 2011, H.R. 2643 , is a bipartisan bill introduced .... ref name McDermott statement Physicians for Human Rights. Introducing Medical Neutrality ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 Swedish neutrality refers to Sweden s policy of neutrality in armed conflicts ..., because the government did not represent Sandler s anti neutral views. Armedneutrality see also Sweden during World War II The 1930s marked a new period when Sweden s long standing policy of neutrality ... enough to remain unattacked during World War II. Opposition to this new policy of armedneutrality ... has not initiated any direct armed combat. However, Sweden s military and government have been involved ... to the European Union in 1995 meant that neutrality as a principle was abolished. Sweden is still ... links to NATO. Nevertheless, the Swedish neutrality during World War II has been much debated and challenged ... the Swedish government to maintain political neutrality, Sweden exported iron ore to supply Nazi ... industry with steel and machined parts throughout the war and provided transportation of armed German ... at the Congress of Vienna . Since this time Sweden has not taken part in armed warfare with the exception ... observed a strict neutrality, which would prove to be advantageous. Prussia would soon forge ... I neutrality seemed a natural state to many Swedes. Although feelings of cultural and scientific kinship ... Denmark and Norway remained neutral. Voices for neutrality dominated the public debate, but Victoria ... again, the conviction that strict neutrality was most suitable for Sweden dominated Swedish society ... strongly opposed the government s policy of strict neutrality, feeling it necessary that the government ... Germany, the Soviet Union or both. When a new coalition was formed to represent Sweden s policy of neutrality ... exceeded the cost of one billion Swedish kronor 240,000,000 . Significance of the neutrality policy ... of neutrality might very well not have succeeded. The British invasion of Norway and Germany s counter ... in the new order of Europe, and Sweden would have had to abandon its policy of neutrality ... on its own. Sweden s ability to maintain its policy of neutrality until the war s end was due ... more details
Other uses2 Neutral Primary sources date August 2008 Neutrality is the absence of declared bias. In an argument, a neutral person will not choose a side. A Neutral country maintains political neutrality, a related but distinct concept. What neutrality is not Neutrality is not synonymous with indifference or ignorance. One can be actively engaged in a dispute, yet not publicly choose a side. The Chairman moderator of a debate is expected to remain neutral. Neutrality is not synonymous with silence. A mediation mediator facilitates dialog between parties. Doublethink implies defending two or more contradictory ideas, whereas neutrality implies not defending any. Neutrality is not synonymous with Objectivity philosophy objectivity . In a controversy, an objective person will not remain neutral but will choose the side supported by the most objective arguments. Objectivity therefore requires a choice, which is often difficult, whereas neutrality requires no choice. Note that Objectivity journalism in journalism objectivity is considered synonymous with neutrality. Criticisms Neutrality implies not judging the validity of an opinion. Thus, a neutral person will provide a platform for all opinions, including irrational or malicious opinions. According to Dante , The darkest places in hell are reserved for those who maintain their neutrality in times of moral crisis. ref http www.brainyquote.com quotes quotes d dantealigh109737.html ref Woodrow Wilson said Neutrality is a negative word. It does not express what America ought to feel. We are not trying to keep out of trouble we are trying to preserve the foundations on which peace may be rebuilt. ref http www.brainyquote.com quotes quotes w woodrowwil401895.html ref See also ProCon.org References Portal Philosophy Reflist Philosophy topics DEFAULTSORT Neutrality Philosophy Category Epistemology Category Philosophy of history Category Logic Category Ontology Category Philosophy of science Category Political philosophy Category ... more details
Refimprove date September 2008 Republic of Ireland Ireland has a traditional policy of military neutrality ... ref In particular, Irish neutrality during World War II Ireland remained neutral during World War ... of the neutrality policy has varied over time. The compatibility of the policy with Ireland s membership ... in Ireland. Ireland s concept of neutrality There are notable differences between Irish neutrality ... to serve in the armed forces of other, possibly belligerent , nations. Republic of Ireland Ireland ... II Summarize section Main Irish neutrality during World War II During World War II , which the Irish ... to the war s unfolding events and reiterated the public position that Irish neutrality was morally ... users airforce Doncor.htm The Donegal Corridor and Irish Neutrality during World War Two. A Talk ... an estimated 70,000 citizens of neutral Ireland served as volunteers in the British Armed Forces ... a public stance of neutrality and refused to close the German and Japan ese embassies. Unlike ... was allowed to remain open. Irish neutrality during the war was threatened from within by the Irish .... ref Manning, G. Airliners of the 1960s , AirLife Publishing, Shrewsbury, UK, p.16 ref Irish neutrality ... makes it clear that in certain circumstances he would have violated our neutrality and that he ... War , Ireland maintained its policy of neutrality. It did not align itself officially with NATO ... policy of military neutrality, and that a UN mandate would be required for all battlegroup operations ... condemned the decision, saying that the government was discarding the remnants of Irish neutrality ... present Afghanistan War Despite its policy of neutrality, Ireland has supplied the NATO led International ... trade A 2004 report by Forf s noted that the policy of neutrality is a factor in Ireland s lack of an arms ..., pp.17 18 ref See also Swedish neutrality History of Ireland History of Northern Ireland Irish Shipping ... Irish Peace and Neutrality Alliance http www.clubi.ie cind Campaign for Irish Neutrality and Democracy ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Liberalism sidebar Liberal neutrality is the idea that the liberal state should not promote any particular conception of the good . This idea formed a cornerstone of John Rawls John Rawls work and has been developed by many other liberal thinkers including Brian Barry , Robert Nozick , Ronald Dworkin . Liberal neutrality provides the basis for some critiques of multiculturalism and the idea of group rights . See also Equality before the law Equality of opportunity vs Equality of outcome DEFAULTSORT Liberal Neutrality Philo stub Category Liberalism Category Social philosophy ar ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Benevolent neutrality is a term used by Ernest May to describe United States foreign policy regarding involvement in World War I . Examples of it were seen shortly before World War I though due to the League of the Three Emperors , an agreement between the powers of Russia , Germany , and Austria Hungary ,. It is distinct from strict neutrality because America had some favorable policies towards the Allies of World War I Allies for example, generally favorable trade decisions. This was accentuated by the better availability of information about the Allies, and the pre existing state of public opinion. Eventually, benevolent neutrality favoured the Allies even more, allowing them loans and arms. Benevolent Neutrality also played a role in World War II , in that the United States trade policies and diplomatic aid favoured the future Allies of World War II Allied powers of Great Britain and France . DEFAULTSORT Benevolent Neutrality Category History of the foreign relations of the United States Category World War I WWI stub US hist stub ... more details
Gender neutrality adjective form gender neutral describes the idea that language and other social institutions should avoid distinguishing people by their gender, in order to avoid discrimination arising from the impression that there are social roles for which one gender is more suited than the other. A common example occurs in the opposition to gender specific job title s such as stewardess and policeman in favor of terms that do not convey gender such as flight attendant and police officer . Grammatically, gender neutral language such as gender neutrality in English is exemplified by the use of a gender neutral pronoun , although this is sometimes confused with the neuter grammatical gender . Proponents of gender neutrality may support public policies designed to eliminate gender distinctions, such as favoring same sex marriage on the belief that society should not limit the roles of husband or wife based on gender. Other controversial views may include support of gender neutral toilet s, with public restrooms being available without distinguishing the gender of the person using them. However, it has been observed that gender neutrality in the law has changed the nature of custody disputes, making it less likely that women will be awarded custody of their children in the event of a divorce . ref Regina Graycar, Jenny Morgan, The Hidden Gender of Law 2002 , p. 260. ref See also Gender blind Epicenity Unisex Androgyny References reflist Category Androgyny Category Gender Sex stub ... more details
The Proclamation of Neutrality was a formal announcement issued by United States President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to any country at war. The Proclamation led to the Neutrality Act of 1794 . Background News that France had French Revolutionary Wars declared war on Great Britain in February 1793, and with this declaration that France ... and foremost came the question Should the United States issue an official proclamation of neutrality? Proclamation Cabinet debate Washington s cabinet members agreed that neutrality was essential the nation ... Jefferson argued that while neutrality was a sine qua non , there was no real need to make a Proclamation of Neutrality either immediately or even officially perhaps there might be no need for an official declaration at all. The United States could declare its neutrality for a price, Jefferson intimated, Why not stall and make countries bid for American neutrality? ref Chernow, Ron, Alexander ... declared that American neutrality was not negotiable. Jefferson eventually resigned from his duty as Secretary of State in disagreement with the Proclamation of Neutrality. On April 22, 1793, President Washington formally issued the Neutrality Proclamation. Washington appeased Jefferson s insistence by removing the word neutrality from the document itself and replaced with the word impartial . That action ... of Neutrality . Official document By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Whereas ... TH JEFFERSON. ref cite web title Proclamation 4 Neutrality of the United States in the War ... till war is declared. ref Pacificus No.1 June 29, 1793 ref The Neutrality Proclamation did not violate ... the Neutrality Proclamation as secret monarchists, declaring Several features with the signature ... links http www.yale.edu lawweb avalon neutra93.htm Text of the Proclamation of Neutrality 1793 , courtesy ... more details
two other uses the general principle of network neutrality its specific application to Canada Network neutrality in Canada its application to the U.S. Network neutrality in the United States Essay date December 2011 Network Neutrality Network neutrality also net neutrality , Internet neutrality is a principle ... access to networks that participate in the internet . Specifically, network neutrality would prevent ... Net Neutrality This is serious accessdate 26 December 2008 last Berners Lee first Tim authorlink Tim ... neutrality.html title Network Neutrality FAQ accessdate 26 December 2008 last Wu first Tim authorlink ... title A Guide to Net Neutrality for Google Users accessdate 7 December 2008 publisher Google ref Since the early 2000s, advocates of net neutrality and associated rules have raised concerns about ... neutrality didn t come into popular use until several years later, however. The possibility of regulations designed to mandate the neutrality of the Internet has been subject to fierce debate, especially in the United States. Neutrality proponents claim that telecom companies seek to impose a tiered ... scarcity , and oblige subscribers to buy their otherwise uncompetitive services. Many believe net neutrality ... neutrality. ref cite web last Davidson first Alan url http googleblog.blogspot.com 2005 11 vint ... MIT.edu publisher Dig.csail.mit.edu date 2006 06 21 accessdate 2011 06 23 ref Opponents of net neutrality ... 07 Deep packet inspection meets net neutrality.ars 2 title Deep packet inspection meets Net neutrality, CALEA publisher Ars Technica date 2007 07 25 accessdate 2011 06 23 ref Critics of net neutrality ..., has called the term net neutrality a slogan and states that he opposes establishing it, but he admits ... berlin.de kahn net neutrality transcript.html Hu Berlin.de ref Opponents of net neutrality regulation ... Definitions of network neutrality At its simplest, network neutrality is the principle that all Internet ... netneutrality1.html title Inside Net Neutrality Is your ISP filtering content? accessdate 26 December ... more details
History of Austria The Declaration of Neutrality was a declaration by the Parliament of Austria Austrian Parliament declaring the country permanently neutral country neutral . It was enacted on 26 October 1955 as a constitutional act of parliament, i.e., as part of the Constitution of Austria . Formally, the declaration was promulgated voluntarily by the Republic of Austria. Politically, it was the direct consequence of the allied occupation by the Soviet Union , the United States , the United Kingdom and France between 1945 and 1955, from which the country was freed by the Austrian State Treaty of 15 May the same year. The Soviet Union would not have agreed to the State Treaty if Austria had not committed itself to declare its neutrality after the allied forces had left the country. ref K. Ginther, Neutralit t und Neutralit tspolitik Die sterreichische Neutralit t zwischen Schweizer Muster und sowjetischer Koexistenzdoktrin , Vienna, 1975. ref image Bundesgesetzblatt Austria 1955 1151.jpg thumb left The Bundesgesetzblatt containing the Federal Constitutional Law on the Neutrality of Austria. Since 1955 ref Bundesgesetzblatt f r die Republik sterreich, 1955, http de.wikipedia.org wiki Datei Bundesgesetzblatt Austria 1955 1151.jpg ref , neutrality has become a deeply ingrained element of Austrian identity. Austria s national holiday on 26 October commemorates the declaration. Legally, Austrian neutrality is both part of the Austrian constitution and of international law . There is an ongoing debate among legal scholars whether Austria could change this neutral status on its own account. This is a moot point, however, since there is no political or popular support for doing so. References reflist Rolf Steininger Der Staatsvertrag. sterreich im Schatten von deutscher Frage und Kaltem Krieg 1938 1955 , 2005, 198 p., Publisher StudienVerlag, Innsbruck Wien Bozen http www.rolfsteininger.at ... Dokumente Erv ERV 1955 211 ERV 1955 211.pdf The Federal Constitutional Law on the Neutrality ... more details
Use dmy dates date October 2011 Neutrality of money is the idea that a change in the stock of money affects only real versus nominal value economics nominal variables in the economy such as price s, wages and exchange rates , with no effect on real versus nominal value economics real inflation adjusted variables, like employment, real GDP , and real consumption economics consumption . ref name PatinkinPalgrave Citation title Neutrality of Money author Patinkin, Don year 1987 publisher Palgrave ref Neutrality of money is an important idea in classical economics and is related to the classical dichotomy . It implies that the central bank does not affect the real economy e.g., the number of employment jobs , the size of real GDP, the amount of real investment by printing money. Instead, any increase in the supply of money would be offset by a proportional rise in prices and wages. This assumption underlies some mainstream macroeconomic models e.g., Real business cycle theory real business cycle models while others like monetarism view money as being neutral in the long run. Superneutrality of money is a stronger property than neutrality of money. It holds that not only is the real economy ... , the concept of monetary neutrality goes back as far as David Hume . The term itself was first ... von Hayek to Knut Wicksell . ref name PatinkinPalgrave Keynes rejected neutrality of money ... Many economists maintain that money neutrality is a good approximation for how the economy behaves ... companies is observed to be zero an arbitrary number by the theory of monetary neutrality but a psychological ... the neutrality of money, instead emphasizing the role that bank lending and Credit finance credit ... the neutrality of money as a maintained assumption. This is very much a matter of faith, based on theoretical ... non neutrality of money led to the development of the New Keynesian economics New Keynesian class ... colwidth 25em References Don Patinkin 1987 . Neutrality of money, The New Palgrave A Dictionary of Economics ... more details
Image Nyyazow monument.JPG thumb 250px right Neutrality Arch The Neutrality Arch lang tm Bitaraplyk arkasy, meaning one way arch is a monument located in Ashgabat , Turkmenistan . The arch is convert 75 m ft tall and was built in 1998 on the orders of Turkmenistan s President Saparmurat Niyazov to commemorate the country s official position of Neutral country neutrality . ref name Times http www.timesonline.co.uk tol news world europe article6994416.ece The Times Father of all Turkmen toppled under orders of successor ref It cost 12 million to construct. The three legged arch was topped by a convert 12 m ft sing on tall gold plated statue of Niyazov which rotates to always face the sun. ref name Times ref name BBC http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi asia pacific 8466622.stm BBC News Turkmenistan ex leader Niyazov s arch to be removed ref The arch is located in central Ashgabat where it dominates the skyline, being taller than the nearby Presidential Palace. ref name Times The statue is lit at night. The arch features a panoramic viewing platform which has become a popular visitors attraction. ref name Times The landmark is known locally as The Tripod . ref name RFE http www.rferl.org content Turkmen Leader Orders Predecessors Statue Removed 1932837.html Radio Free Europe Turkmen Leader Orders Predecessor s Statue Removed ref Removal Update removal date August 2011 On 18 January 2010 Niyazov s successor as president, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow , signed a decree to begin work on dismantling and moving the arch. ref name Times ref name FT http www.ft.com cms s 0 ea282c82 045e 11df 8603 00144feabdc0.html Financial Times Turkmenistan to end personality cult ref There were reports that the arch ... on tall Monument to Neutrality which is located in the suburbs. ref name Times The president has ... to the new Monument of Neutrality. ref http www.eurasianet.org node 64458 ref See also Destalinization References Reflist 2 Commons category Neutrality Arch Coord 37.936944 58.380000 type landmark ... more details
Search neutrality is a principle that search engines should have no editorial policies other than that their results be comprehensive, impartial and based solely on relevance. ref name nytimes cite news url http www.nytimes.com 2009 12 28 opinion 28raff.html title Search, but You May Not Find publisher The New York Times year 2009 accessdate March 3, 2011 ref This means that when a user queries a search ... bias . Search neutrality is related to network neutrality in that they both aim to keep any one organization from limiting or altering a user s access to services on the Internet. Search neutrality ... network neutrality aims to keep those who provide and govern access to the internet from limiting ... 2009 accessdate March 2, 2011 ref Adam Raff, co founder of Foundem, first coined the term search neutrality ... neutrality litigation via antitrust laws . ref cite web url http www.searchneutrality.org title Background ... Arguments Pros Those who advocate search neutrality argue that the results would not be biased towards ... cite web url http www.concurringopinions.com archives 2011 02 search neutrality as disclosure and auditing.html title Search Neutrality as Disclosure and Auditing publisher Concurring Opinions date February 19, 2011 accessdate March 3, 2011 ref Search neutrality encourages sites to have more ... of the Internet chapter Some Skepticism About Search Neutrality publisher TechFreedom year 2010 ... to their query. Enforced search neutrality would, essentially, remove this bias. Users continually .... ref name Grimmelmann Search neutrality has the possibility of causing search engines to become ... month, and then tenth the next month search neutrality advocates cry foul play, but in reality it is often ... Proponents of search neutrality desire transparency in a search engine s ranking algorithm. Requiring ... ref References Reflist Tron Tron Legacy EOF DEFAULTSORT Search Neutrality Category Computer law Category Internet access Category Network neutrality Category Principles Category Search engine ... more details
Multiple issues dead end March 2012 orphan March 2012 wikify September 2010 lead missing September 2010 One of the defining characteristics of the attitude of the analyst during the treatment. The analyst must be neutral in respect of religious, ethical and social values that is to say, he must not direct the treatment according to some ideal, and should abstain from counselling the patient he must be neutral too as regards manifestations of transference this rule usually being expressed by the maxim, Do not play the patient s game finally, he must be neutral towards the discourse of the patient in other words, he must not, a priori , lend a special ear to particular parts of this discourse, or read particular meaning into it, according to his theoretical preconceptions . ref Jean Laplanche & Jean Bertrand Pontalis, The language of Psychoanalysis. Karnac. p.271 ref Reflist DEFAULTSORT Neutrality Psychoanalysis Category Psychoanalysis es Neutralidad psicoan lisis ... more details
Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name The Armed image caption From left to right Adam Senko, Chris Elkjar, Kenny Szymanski, Tony Wolski, Dan Greene, and Aaron Jones. image size 350 background group or band origin Detroit, Michigan , United States genre Hardcore punk , metalcore years active 2009 present associated acts Slicer Dicer, The Dillinger Escape Plan , Coheed and Cambria website URL http www.thearmed.com current members Adam Senko br Chris Elkjar br Kenny Szymanski br Tony Wolski br Dan Greene br Aaron Jones The Armed is a six piece band from Detroit, Michigan Detroit , Michigan playing a blend of hardcore punk and extreme metal since 2009. Three of its members Chris Elkjar, Tony Wolski, and Aaron Jones were previously in another Detroit based hardcore punk band, Slicer Dicer. The Armed play several Slicer Dicer songs in live shows and included two, Terrordactyl and Buy A Snake, on their first full length album, These Are Lights . Description The group ... 7, 2009. ref They broke up in late 2008, but three of their members went on to form The Armed and have continued to have a similarly energetic live show. ref http www.vimeo.com 5170931 The Armed ... Gonella at New Alliance East. ref cite web url http www.smnnews.com 2009 09 14 the armed plop kurt ballou mixed debut online for download title The Armed Plop Kurt Ballou Mixed Debut Online for Download ... http hyperbolemachine.com 2010 03 30 artist spotlight the armed title Artist Spotlight The Armed publisher ..., 2010. ref cite web url http www.friendsthroughcommonenemies.com title The Armed publisher Friendsthroughcommonenemies.com ... The Armed Home publisher Thearmed.bigcartel.com date accessdate 2010 12 30 ref The album features ... on The Armed s New EP publisher SMNnews.com date 2010 03 25 accessdate 2010 12 30 ref Their stage ... 30 artist spotlight the armed Hyperbole Machine Interview http www.thrashhits.com 2009 12 the armed we want the airwaves back Thrash Hits Interview DEFAULTSORT Armed Category American metalcore musical ... more details
Thoroughbred racehorse infobox horsename Armed image caption sire Bull Lea grandsire Bull Dog horse Bull Dog dam Armful damsire Chance Shot horse Chance Shot sex Gelding foaled 1941 country United States colour Brown color Brown breeder Calumet Farm owner Calumet Farm trainer Ben A. Jones record 81 41 20 10 earnings 817,475 race Washington Handicap 1945 br Suburban Handicap 1946 br Widener Handicap 1946, 1947 br Washington Park Handicap 1946, 1947 br Stars and Stripes Breeders Cup Turf Handicap Stars and Stripes Handicap 1947 br Gulfstream Park Handicap 1947 br Arlington Handicap 1947 br McLennan Handicap McLennan Memorial Handicap 1947 awards American Champion Older Male Horse U.S. Champion Older Male Horse 1946 & 1947 br American Horse of the Year United States Horse of the Year 1947 honours National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame 1963 br Blood Horse magazine List of the Top 100 Racehorses of the 20th Century 39 Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century updated October 12, 2007 Armed May, 1941 1964 was an United States American Thoroughbred gelding horse racing race horse . He was sired by the great graded stakes race stakes winner Bull Lea , the sire of Citation horse Citation . His dam was Armful, whose sire was Belmont Stakes winner Chance Shot horse Chance Shot , and whose grandsire was the great Fair Play horse Fair Play . Small for his age and very headstrong, Armed s habit of biting and kicking hay out of his handler s pitchfork , along with being practically untrainable ... and had to be rested due to an ankle injury. Armed raced for seven seasons, from 1944 to 1950, finishing ...&dq armed horse of the year&hl en title Armed Selected Horse of Year publisher Spokesman Review date 1947 12 16 accessdate 2012 02 27 ref Armed died in 1964 of an intestinal tumor . ref name arm1965 ..., Armed was inducted into National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame . In The Blood Horse ranking ... armedArmed s pedigree http www.tbhorsepedigree.com library horse Armed.php TB Library profile of Armed ... more details
the right to become a belligerent if attacked by a party to the war is in a condition of armedneutrality ... Assembly of Serbia declared armedneutrality in 2007. ref http www.eubusiness.com news eu 1238985121.47 ... of neutrality in war is narrowly defined and puts specific constraints on the neutral party in return ... its neutrality. ref Hague Convention, 5 Art.10 ref A neutral power must internment intern belligerent ... modelled on the Swiss neutrality . Costa Rica No 1949 Neutral country after abolishing its military ... s neutrality was brought into question by Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen during the inauguration ... ITEM 002 DOC XML V0 EN&language EN ref Irish neutrality Ireland Yes 1922 A traditional policy of military neutrality defined as non membership of mutual defence alliances. Japan No 1947 Article 9 of the Japanese ... of Japan maintains heavily armed Japanese Self Defense Forces self defence forces and a Treaty of Mutual ... of neutrality since 1980, guaranteed in a treaty with Italy concluded in 1983. Panama No 1989 San ... 2 . Sweden has dropped its claim to neutrality but has remained un aligned even though it fought along ... Self imposed, permanent, and armed, designed to ensure external security. Switzerland is the second oldest neutral country in the world it has not fought a foreign war since its neutrality was established ... campaigns of 1815 and the Treaty of Paris 1815 Act on the neutrality of Switzerland Act on the neutrality ..., Great Britain, and Russia . Turkmenistan No 1995 Declared its permanent neutrality and had it formally ... in 1929 with Italy imposed that The Pope was pledged to perpetual neutrality in international relations ... size 95 scope col width 10 Country scope col width 15 Claimed neutrality scope col width 75 Notes ... of South America and Spain. From 2000 2006, Mexico ignored the neutrality policy under foreign secretaries Jorge G. Casta eda and Luis Ernesto Derbez . Whether historical neutrality is to be kept is now internally debated. The Mexican formulation of neutrality is known as Estrada doctrine . Moldova ... more details
For other Neutrality Acts Neutrality Act disambiguation Neutrality Act U.S. Congressional opposition to war The Neutrality Acts were laws that were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s , in response ... entangled again in foreign conflicts. The legacy of the Neutrality Acts in the 1930s was widely ... Neutrality Acts were the Republican Party United States Republican United States Senator Senators ... dd http www.novelguide.com a discover mac 03 mac 03 00231.html NEUTRALITY ACTS , by David G. Delaney ... Franklin D. Roosevelt Roosevelt and especially his Secretary of State Cordell Hull were critical of the Neutrality ... on domestic issues. With considerable reluctance, the president signed the Neutrality Acts into law. ref name sd http www.state.gov r pa ho time id 99849.htm The Neutrality Acts, 1930s , U.S. State Department. Retrieved 5 June 2008 ref Neutrality Act of 1935 Roosevelt s State Department had ... against the belligerents, covering trade not falling under the Neutrality Act. ref name en Jerald A. Combs ... . Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy , 2002 ref Neutrality Act of 1936 The Neutrality Act of 1936 ... Guide , Westport, CT Greenwood Press. ISBN 0 313 32274 0 ref Neutrality Acts of 1937 In January 1937, the Congress passed a joint resolution outlawing the arms trade with Spain. The Neutrality Act of 1937 ..., who supported the Chinese side, chose not to invoke the Neutrality Acts since the parties had ... neutrality and towards quarantining all aggressors. He then imposed a moral embargo on exports of aircraft to Japan. ref name en Neutrality Act of 1939 Early in 1939, after German occupation of Czechoslovakia ... and France declared war on Germany. Roosevelt invoked the provisions of the Neutrality Act but came before Congress and lamented that the Neutrality Acts may give passive aid to an aggressor. ref http www.history.com this day in history fdr urges repeal of neutrality act embargo provisions September 21, 1939 FDR urges repeal of Neutrality Act embargo provisions , History.com. Retrieved 4 February ... more details
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