ArmsLengthManagement Organisations or arm s lengthmanagement organisations ALMOs are UK not for profit company companies set up by a local authority local authorities primarily to manage and improve all or part of their housing stock. Ownership of the housing stock itself normally stays with the local authority. As of July 2008 , 70 ALMOs were managing over half of all UK council housing, consisting of more than a million properties. ref http www.almos.org.uk guidance2?id 1220 National Federation of ALMOs ALMO Factsheet ref Ownership ALMOs are owned by local authorities and operate under the terms of a management agreement between the authority and the ALMO. An ALMO is managed by an often unpaid board of directors which includes tenants, local authority nominees, and independent members. At least a third of an ALMO board is normally made up of tenants. Purpose Establishment of an ALMO separates the day to day housing management role of the landlord from the wider strategic housing role of the local authority. However, the local authority normally retains ownership of the housing and tenants remain secure tenants of the local authority. Ministers do not give consent to the establishment of a new ALMO without clear evidence that the council has consulted its tenants and leaseholders and can demonstrate a balance of support from them for the ALMO proposal. Unlike a stock transfer to a Housing Association , Councils can transfer management of their housing to an ALMO without holding a ballot, although many councils undertake a ballot in any case. Through the ALMO Programme, Department for Communities and Local Government UK Communities and Local Government CLG offer additional resources towards the cost of achieving the Decent Homes Standard to councils who set up ALMOs that are assessed ... except the management is much lower than in the private sector, leading to a high level of staff turnover ... reported satisfaction with ALMO housing management. They also stated that 90 of ALMOs which have been ... more details
File Marine Management Organisation.png thumb right The logo of the Marine ManagementOrganisation. The Marine ManagementOrganisation MMO is an executive non departmental public body established and given powers under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 ref name mcaa http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga 2009 23 contents Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 ref . The MMO has incorporated the work of the Marine and Fisheries Agency and acquired several important new roles, principally Marine Spatial Planning marine planning and other marine related powers and specific functions previously associated with the Department of Energy and Climate Change and the Department for Transport ref name about http www.marinemanagement.org.uk about index.htm About the Marine ManagementOrganisation ref . The MMO began operating on 1 April 2010 ref http www.marinemanagement.org.uk news press 100401.htm Press release Marine ManagementOrganisation formed ref . The Chief Executive Officer is James Cross ref http www.marinemanagement.org.uk about people james cross.htm James Cross biography ref and the Chairman is Sir William Bill Callaghan. References reflist External links http www.marinemanagement.org.uk Official website UK gov stub UK home nations law enforcement agencies non police Defra United Kingdom Agriculture in the United Kingdom Category Non departmental public bodies of the United Kingdom government Category Law enforcement agencies of England and Wales Category Fishing organisations Category Fishing in England Category Fishing in Wales ... more details
A Regional Fisheries ManagementOrganisation RFMO , sometimes called regional fisheries organisation RFO ref http ec.europa.eu fisheries cfp international rfmo index en.htm Regional fisheries management organisations RFMOs , Retrieved 2012 01 05. ref , is an international organisation dedicated to the sustainable management of fishery resources in a particular region of international waters , or of highly migratory species. RFMOs may focus on certain species of fish e.g. the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna ref http www.tuna org.org List of the five tuna RFMOs, Retrieved 2009 10 07. ref or have a wider remit related to living marine resources in general within a region e.g. the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources . This wide diversity of mandates and areas of application, and also effective implementation of regulations, opens up opportunities for Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing vessels. References Reflist External links http www.dfo mpo.gc.ca international dip rfmo eng.htm RFMO on the Ministry of Fisheries and Oceans Canada General information and map of RFMOs http www.fish.govt.nz en nz International High Seas Fishing RFMO.htm RFMO on the Ministry of Fischery New Zealand Information, Problems and possible improvements http www.tuna org.org Informal framework for sharing information from tuna RFMOs For information on IATTC Inter American Tropical Tuna Commission http www.iattc.org Category Fisheries organizations ... more details
Tenant Management Organisations TMOs are organisations set up under United Kingdom law which allow residents of council housing or housing association homes in the United Kingdom can take over responsibility of the running of their homes. ref cite web url http www.communities.gov.uk publications housing housingright title The Housing Right to Manage Regulations 1994 Circular publisher Department for Communities and Local Government accessdate 16 March 2011 ref . Structure & operation A TMO is created when residents in a defined area of council or housing association homes create a Legal personality body separate legal identity and, typically, elect a management committee to run the body. This body then enters into a formal legal contract with the landlord of the home, known as the management agreement. ref cite web url http www.nftmo.com tmo.html title What is a TMO? publisher National Federation of Tenant Management Organisations accessdate 16 March 2011 ref The Management Agreement will detail precisely which services are managed by the TMO on behalf of the landlord. The extent of the devolution in service can vary enormously, particularly between small and large TMOs, but may typically include day to day repairs, allocations and lettings, tenancy management, cleaning and caretaking, and rent collection. The TMO s operations are mainly funded by the management fees payable by the landlord under the agreement. The TMO can take a number of legal forms. Registered TMOs may be a co operative , or set up under corporate law . Examples of Tenant Management Organisations in England Kensington and Chelsea TMO Leathermarket JMB Bloomsbury EMB External links http www.nftmo.org National Federation of Tenant Management Organisations http www.communities.gov.uk publications housing tmostatutoryguidance UK Government guidance on the Right to Manage http www.cch.coop cch Confederation ... Tenant Management Organisations in England ... more details
See also wikisource 2007 Thailand Greenhouse Gas ManagementOrganisation Establishment Decree http ...Orphan date February 2009 image TGO Logo.jpg thumb 200px right TGO Logo Thailand Greenhouse Gas ManagementOrganisation Public Organisation Thai language th Royal Thai General System of Transcription RTGS Ong Kan Borihan Chat Kan Kat Ruean Krachok Ong Kan Mahachon or TGO Thai language th . Royal Thai General System of Transcription RTGS O Bo Ko. is a Thai Public organization public organisation established by the Decree Royal Decree on Establishment of Thailand Greenhouse Gas ManagementOrganisation Public Organisation BE 2550 2007 having chief duties and powers in connection with the greenhouse gas emission in Thailand . ref About TGO. n.d. . Online . Available http www.tgo.or.th english index.php?option com content&task view&id 5&Itemid 6 http www.tgo.or.th english index.php?option com content&task view&id 5&Itemid 6 . Accessed 19 June 2008 . ref The aforesaid Royal Decree entered into force as of 7 July 2007. ref http opdc.go.th english opdc th1 pdf TGO.pdf . . . , . , , . . ref History Empty section date June 2010 Objectives of Establishment Section 7 of the on Establishment of Thailand Greenhouse Gas ManagementOrganisation Public Organisation BE 2550 2007 prescribed the objectives in establishing the Organisation as follows 1 to analyse, scrutinise and collect views and opinions in relation to the approval of projects, as well as to pursue and appraise the authorised projects 2 to further the project advancement and the market of greenhouse gas quantity trading as approved 3 to be an information centre for circumstances on greenhouse gas operations 4 to make an information base about the authorised ... 6 to disseminate and do public relations campaign on the greenhouse gas management 7 to further and support ... more details
Saint Lucia s National Emergency ManagementOrganisation NEMO is responsible for disaster preparedness and disaster response co ordination. History Disaster Management, though called by numerous names ... Response Agency CDERA Disaster Management in Saint Lucia is conducted on a voluntary basis and during ... Management Act No. 30 of 2006 http www.stlucia.gov.lc docs DisasterManagementAct.pdf Replaced Disaster Preparedness and Response Act of 2000. Mission statement The role of the National Emergency ManagementOrganisation NEMO is to develop, test and implement adequate measures to protect the population ... hazard management plans. They are inter alia STANDING OPERATING PROCEDURES SOPs 1. SOPs General Approved ... POLICIES & GUIDELINES 1. A Policy Framework on Disaster Management 2. Donations and Importation of Relief Supplies Policy Part 1 approved 1149 96 3. Emergency Shelter Management Policy Approved 1149 .... National Policy on Ambulance Operations 11. National Incident Management System NIMS Policy COMMITTEE ... Plan 6. Relief Distribution Plan 7. Shelter Management Program 8. National Plan for Transportation in Disasters 9. Welfare Emergency Management Support Plan 10. Stress Response Team Plan 11. Emergency ... Industry Crisis Management Plan 14. Model Plan for the District Disaster Committees HAZARD SPECIFIC ... Plan 5. Oil Spill Contingency Plan 6. Strategy on the Management of Used Oil 7. Hazardous Materials ... 8. Seaports Contingency Plan 9. Guidelines for Debris Management in a Disaster 10. Ministries of External Affairs Guidelines in case of Disasters 11. National Incident Management System NIMS Plan AGREEMENTS ... & Response Act 13 2000 PAHO on NEMO In praise of Disaster Management in Saint Lucia, the PAHO Pan American Health Organisation PAHO has stated the following on its website. National Disaster Management is very active and well developed. Saint Lucia has achieved Disaster Management capabilities ... and updated thanks to the National Emergency Management Office Saint Lucia http www.disaster ... more details
For the measurement of a ship s lengthlength overall The overall length of an ammunition Cartridge firearms cartridge is a measurement from the base of the brass Shell projectile shell Casing ammunition casing to the tip of the bullet , seated into the brass casing. ref name COTW2009 cite book title Cartridges of the World A Complete and Illustrated Reference for Over 1500 Cartridges first Frank C. last Barnes coauthors Holt Bodinson, Layne Simpson edition 12 page 157 publisher Gun Digest Books year 2009 isbn 9780896899360 ref Handloaded cartridges and commercially available cartridges for firearm s are normally created with a maximum length standardized by the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers Institute SAAMI . A cartridge s overall length may be shorter than the maximum standard, equal to the standard, or sometimes even longer. The maximum overall length is dictated by the need to fit into a box magazine of standard manufacture. For example, the .223 Remington cartridge, when loaded for use in the AR 15 rifle or the military s M16 rifle M 16 rifle , has to fit into the removable box magazine for that rifle. This dictates that the cartridge s maximum overall length be no greater than 2.260 . However, for competition purposes during off hand and slow fire prone match stages, the .223 Remington is loaded one cartridge at a time into the rifle s receiver. This allows for the cartridge to be longer than the standardized 2.260 SAAMI maximum overall length. These cartridges can be safely loaded to a length that has the ogive portion of the bullet just touching the rifle s lands. Many competitive shooters will make these cartridges 0.005 less than the truly maximum allowable overall length, for the sake of safety. ref name ABC cite book title The ABCs of Reloading The Definitive Guide for Novice to Expert first Rodney last James edition 9 page 127 publisher Krause Publications year 2011 isbn 9781440213960 ref It is desirable for these single loaded cartridges to have ... more details
Sentence length may refer to In linguistics, the length of a Sentence linguistics In penology, the length of a Sentence law In music, the length of a Sentence music dab ... more details
wiktionarypar LengthLength in its basic meaning is the long dimension of an object. Length may also refer to Length measurement Length phonetics , in phonetics Vowel length Geminate consonant Arc lengthLength of a module , in abstract algebra Length of a polynomial Vector field length in vector calculus Line and length in cricket Horse length in equestrianism Nautical term Length overall disambig als L nge az Uzunluq d qiql dirm be x old ca Longitud desambiguaci de L nge es Longitud desambiguaci n nl Lengte nds L ng pl D ugo sv L ngd olika betydelser ... more details
orphan date December 2009 Scantling Length is a distance slightly less than the waterline length of a ship, and generally less than the overall length of a ship. In the American Bureau of Shipping ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels, it is defined as the distance on the Waterline summer load line from the fore side of the stem to the centerline of the rudder stock. Scantling length need not be less than 96 , nor more than 97 of the length of the summer load line. Most other Classification society classification societies use a similar definition of scantling length to define the general length of a ship . The scantling length is used by classification society classification societies for all calculations where the waterline length, overall length, displacement fluid displacement length, etc is called for. Naval architects wishing to comply with class rules would also use the scantling length. References http www.eagle.org absdownloads downloads senddownload.cfm?id 443 ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels, Part 3, Hull Construction and Equipment, Rule 3.1.1 3.1, 2007. Category Naval architecture ... more details
disambig Length scale , or scale length a significant concept in physics used to define the order of magnitude of a system Scale height , or scale length a specific parameter in physics denoting the distance over which a quantity decreases by a factor of e Scale string instruments a measurement of the length of a musical instrument string ... more details
In abstract algebra , the length of a module mathematics module is a measure of the module s size . It is defined to be the length of the longest chain of submodule s and is a generalization of the concept of dimension linear algebra dimension for vector space s. Modules with finite length share many important properties with finite dimensional vector spaces. Other concepts used to count in ring and module ... to define. There are also various ideas of dimension that are useful. Finite length commutative ... math N 0 subsetneq N 1 subsetneq cdots subsetneq N n math we say that n is the length of the chain. The length of M is defined to be the largest length of any of its chains. If no such largest length exists, we say that M has infinite length. A ring R is said to have finite length as a ring if it has finite length as left R module. Examples The zero module is the only one with length 0. Modules with length 1 are precisely the simple module s. For every finite dimensional vector space viewed as a module over the base field mathematics field , the length and the dimension coincide. The length ... M has finite length if and only if it is both Artinian module Artinian and Noetherian module Noetherian . If M has finite length and N is a submodule of M , then N has finite length as well, and we have length N length M . Furthermore, if N is a proper submodule of M i.e. if it is unequal to M , then length N length M . If the modules M sub 1 sub and M sub 2 sub have finite length, then so does their direct sum of modules direct sum , and the length of the direct sum equals the sum of the lengths ... sequence of R modules. Then M has finite length if and only if L and N have finite length, and we have length M length L length N . This statement implies the two previous ones. A composition series ... such that math N i 1 N i mbox is simple for i 0, dots,n 1 math Every finite length module M has a composition series, and the length of every such composition series is equal to the length of M . References ... more details
Contour length is a term used in molecular physics . The contour length of a polymer chain a big molecule consisting of many similar smaller molecules is its length at maximum physically possible Extension metaphysics extension . ref http iupac.org goldbook C01308.pdf Contour length in polymers http www.iupac.org publications compendium index.html IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology , 2nd Edition, 1997 ref References small references small Category Polymer physics ... more details
Context date September 2010 A characteristic length is an important dimension that defines the scale of a physical system. Often such a length is used as an input to a formula in order to predict some characteristics of the system. Examples Reynolds number Biot number Nusselt number External links http www.answers.com topic characteristic length Definition physics stub DEFAULTSORT Characteristic Length Category Physical constants de Charakteristische L nge nl Hydraulische diameter pt Comprimento caracter stico ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In physics , length scale is a particular length or distance determined with the precision of one order or a few orders of magnitude. The concept of length scale is particularly important because physical phenomena of different length scales cannot affect each other and are said to decouple. The decoupling of different length scales makes it possible to have a self consistent theory that only describes the relevant length scales for a given problem. Scientific reductionism says that the physical laws on the shortest length scales can be used to derive the effective description at larger length scales. The idea that one can derive descriptions of physics at different length scales from one another can be quantified with the renormalization group . In quantum mechanics the length scale of a given phenomenon is related to its de Broglie wavelength ... that is being probed. In relativistic mechanics time and length scales are related by the speed of light . In relativistic quantum mechanics or relativistic quantum field theory , length scales .... Often in high energy physics natural units are used where length, time, energy and momentum scales are described in the same units usually with units of energy such as GeV . Length scales are usually ... units of length squared and is measured in barn unit barn s. The cross section of a given process is usually the square of the length scale. Examples The atomic length scale is math ell a sim 10 10 ... ell a sim 1 alpha m e math . The length scale for the strong interaction s or the one derived from ... are roughly comparable. This length scale is determined by the range of the Yukawa potential . The lifetimes of strongly interacting particles, such as the rho meson , are given by this length scale ... are several times the associated energy scale 500 MeV to 3000 MeV . The electroweak length scale is shorter ... which is roughly 100 GeV. This length scale would be the distance where a Yukawa force is mediated ... more details
In fluid mechanics , capillary length is a characteristic length scale for fluid subject to a body force from gravity and a surface force due to surface tension . The capillary length is defined as ref name Batchelor G.K. Batchelor, An Introduction To Fluid Dynamics , Cambridge University Press 1967 ref math lambda c sqrt frac gamma rho g math , where math g math is the acceleration due to gravity and math rho math is the density of the fluid, and math gamma math is the surface tension of the fluid fluid interface. For clean water at standard temperature and pressure, the capillary length is 2mm. A capillary surface that has a characteristic length smaller than the capillary length can be considered a low Bond number surface. A sessile drop whose largest dimension is smaller than the capillary length, for example, will take the shape of spherical cap , which is the solution to the Young Laplace equation with gravity completely absent. See also Surface tension Young Laplace equation Capillarity References references fluiddynamics stub Category Fluid dynamics fr Longueur capillaire no Kapillarlengde ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Length of stay LOS is a term commonly used to measure the duration of a single episode of hospitalization. Inpatient days are calculated by subtracting day of admission from day of wikt discharge discharge . However, persons entering and leaving a hospital on the same day have a length of stay of one. See hospital Terminology hospital . A popular statistic associated with length of stay is the average length of stay ALOS , calculated by dividing the sum of inpatient days by the number of patients admissions with the same Diagnosis related group DRG classification. A variation in the calculation of ALOS could be consider only length of stay during the period under analysis. The prospective payment system in U.S. Medicare United States Payment for services Medicare for reimbursing hospital care promotes shorter LOS by paying the same amount for procedures, regardless of days spent in the hospital. DEFAULTSORT Length Of Stay Category Medical terms Med stub de Verweildauer ... more details
Refimprove date January 2008 unit of length name Planck length m 0.00000000000000000000000000000000001616199 accuracy 5 Number of significant figures In physics , the Planck length , denoted sub P sub , is a unit of length , equal to val 1.616199 97 e 35 u metre s . It is a Fundamental unit base unit in the system of Planck units . The Planck length can be defined from three fundamental physical ... The Planck length math ell P math is defined as math ell P sqrt frac hbar G c 3 approx 1.616 199 97 ... Length ref ref NIST , http physics.nist.gov cgi bin cuu Value?plkl Planck length , http physics.nist.gov cuu Constants index.html NIST s published CODATA constants ref The Planck length is about 10 sup 20 sup of the diameter of a proton , and thus is an extremely small length. Measurements of electron ......22..102D ref which is a value still 10 sup 15 sup larger than Planck length. The Planck length ... significance of the Planck length is a topic of research. Because the Planck length is so many ... this length scale directly. Research on the Planck length is therefore mostly theoretical. In some forms of quantum gravity, the Planck length is the length scale at which the structure of spacetime ... between two locations less than one Planck length apart. The precise effects of quantum gravity are unknown ... at Planck length scale. The Planck area, equal to the square of the Planck length, plays a role in black .... In this case the Planck length would have no fundamental physical significance, and quantum gravitational effects would appear at other scales. In string theory , the Planck length is the order ... area value. In doubly special relativity , the Planck length is observer invariant. According to the generalized uncertainty principle, the Planck length is, within a factor of order unity, the shortest measurable length. The search of the laws of physics valid at the Planck length are a part of the search ... Orders of magnitude length Planck energy Planck epoch Planck scale Planck time Planck unit Max Planck ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Refimprove date April 2007 Short of a length sometimes referred to as back of a length or short of a good length is a term used in the sport of cricket . It describes a delivery from the Bowler cricket bowler that pitches short of the optimum length. Length in cricket defines where the ball pitches on the wicket. ref http content www.cricinfo.com ci content story 239756.html A glossary of cricket terms & 124 Cricket News & 124 Global & 124 ESPN Cricinfo ref A good length ball is one that pitches at a distance that makes it difficult for the batsman to ascertain whether to play the ball on the front foot or back foot. A bouncer is a ball that passes the batsman above chest height. A short of a length delivery is one that pitches in the area between the bouncer and good length balls. This delivery can be dangerous for a batsman as it can bounce higher into the midriff. Also, the delivery can be extremely useful to a seam bowling seam bowler . Good exponents include Stephen Harmison and Glenn McGrath . References Reflist See also http en.wikipedia.org wiki List of cricket terms Category Cricket captaincy and tactics Category Cricket deliveries Category Cricket terminology cricket term stub ... more details
Reciprocal length or inverse length is a measurement used in several branches of science and mathematics . As the reciprocal of length , common units used for this measurement include the reciprocal metre or inverse metre m sup &minus 1 sup , the reciprocal centimetre or inverse centimetre cm sup &minus 1 sup , and, in optics , the dioptre . Quantities measured in reciprocal length include absorption coefficient or attenuation coefficient , in materials science curvature of a curve line , in mathematics gain , in laser physics magnitude vector magnitude of vector mathematics and physics vector s in reciprocal space , in crystallography more generally any spatial frequency e.g. in cycles per unit length optical power of a lens optics lens , in optics rotational constant of a rigid rotor , in quantum mechanics wavenumber , or magnitude of a wavevector , in spectroscopy Further reading Cite paper title A two parameter perturbation series for the reciprocal length of polymer chains and subchains lastname Barrett firstname A. J. journal Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General volume 16 number 10 date 11 July 1983 url http iopscience.iop.org 0305 4470 16 10 027?ejredirect migration DEFAULTSORT Reciprocal Length Category Length Category Physical quantities pt Comprimento rec proco uk ... more details
Image LOA LWL.svg thumb right 300px LOA Length Overall & LWL Waterline Length Image Ship length measurements.png thumb right 300px Detailed hull dimensions The Waterline length originally Load Waterline Length , abbreviated to LWL is a measurement of ship s and boat s. The term denotes the length of the vessel at the point where it sits in the water. It excludes the total length of the boat, such as features that are out of the water. Most boats rise outwards at the Bow ship bow and stern , so a boat may be quite a bit longer than its waterline length. In a ship with such raked stems, naturally the waterline length changes as the draft hull draft of the ship changes, therefore it is measured from a defined loaded condition. Length at the waterline is often abbreviated as lwl , w l , w.l. or wl . This measure is essential in determining a lot of properties of a vessel, such as how much water it displaces, where the bow and stern waves are, hull speed , amount of bottom paint needed, etc. See also Length overall References cite book last Hayler first William B. coauthors Keever, John M. title American Merchant Seaman s Manual year 2003 publisher Cornell Maritime Pr isbn 0 87033 549 9 cite book last Turpin first Edward A. authorlink coauthors McEwen, William A. title Merchant Marine Officers Handbook url edition 4th series date year 1980 month publisher Cornell Maritime Press location Centreville, MD isbn 0 87038 056 X pages chapter chapterurl Ship measurements Category Nautical terms Category Ship construction naval stub fr Longueur de flottaison is Vatnsl na nl Waterlijn no Lengde ved vannlinje sv Konstruktionsvattenlinje ... more details
In physics , coherence length is the wave propagation propagation distance from a coherence physics coherent source to a point where a wave e.g. an electromagnetic wave maintains a specified degree of coherence . The significance is that Interference wave propagation interference will be strong within a coherence length of the source, but not beyond it. This concept is also commonly used in telecommunication engineering. This article focuses on the coherence of Classical physics classical electromagnetic fields. In quantum mechanics , there is a mathematically analogous concept of the Coherence physics Quantum coherence quantum coherence length of a wave function . Formulas In radio band systems, the coherence length is approximated by math L c over n , Delta f , math where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, n is the refractive index of the Medium optics medium , and math Delta f math is the Bandwidth signal processing bandwidth of the source. In optical information transfer communications , the coherence length math L math is given by math L 2 ln 2 over pi n lambda 2 over Delta lambda ... length is usually applied to the optical regime. The expression above is a frequently used approximation ... definition of coherence length has been suggested The coherence length can be measured using a Michelson interferometer and is the optical path length difference of a self interfering laser beam which ... length may be reduced by propagation factors such as dispersion optics dispersion , scattering , and diffraction . Lasers Multimode helium neon laser s have a typical coherence length of 20 cm, while the coherence length of singlemode ones can exceed 100 m. Semiconductor laser s reach ... repeated after cavity length distances up to this long coherence length. See also Portal Physics Coherence time Superconducting coherence length References Reflist 2 FS1037C MS188 DEFAULTSORT Coherence Length Category Electromagnetic radiation Category Optics Category Waves de Koh renzl nge ja ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In chemistry , the path length is defined as the distance that light UV Visible spectrum VIS travels through a sample in an analytical cell. Typically, a sample cell is made of quartz , glass, or a plastic rhombic cuvette with a volume typically ranging from 0.1 mL to 10 mL or larger used in a spectrophotometer . For the purposes of spectrophotometry i.e. when making calculations using the Beer Lambert law the path length is measured in centimeters rather than in meters . In a computer network , the path length is one of many possible router metrics used by a router computing router to help determine the best Routing route among multiple routes to a destination. It consists of the end to end hop count from a source to a destination over the network. More simply, in general computer terminology, it can mean simply the total number of instructions executed from point A to point B in a program Instruction path length . In physics, the path length is defined as the total distance an object travels. Unlike displacement, which is the total distance an object travels from a starting point, path length is the total distance travelled, regardless of where it travelled. DEFAULTSORT Path Length Category Spectroscopy Category Computer networking Category Computing terminology ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced August 2009 expert subject February 2009 orphan February 2010 In Typography Line length is the width occupied by a block of typesetting typeset character computer text , measured in inches , Pica typography picas and Point typography points . A block of text or paragraph has a maximum line length that fits a determined design. Line length is determined by typographic parameters based on a formal Grid page layout grid and Page layout template with several goals in mind balance and function for fit and readability with a sensitivity to aesthetic style in typography . Typographers adjust line length to aid legibility or copy fit. Text can be flush left and Typographic alignment ragged right , flush right and ragged left , or Justification typesetting justified where all lines are of equal length. In a ragged right setting line lengths vary to create a ragged right edge of lines varying in length. Sometimes this can be visually satisfying. For justified and ragged right settings typographers can adjust line length to avoid unwanted hyphen s, rivers of white space, and orphaned words characters at the end of lines e.g. The , I , He , We . See also Characters per line References reflist Category Typography Category Typesetting typography stub ... more details
Roughness length math z 0 math is a parameter of some vertical wind profile equations that model the horizontal mean wind speed near the ground in the log wind profile , it is equivalent to the height at which the wind speed theoretically becomes zero. In reality the wind at this height no longer follows a mathematical logarithm. It is so named because it is typically related to the height of terrain roughness elements. Whilst it is not a physical length, it can be considered as a length scale a representation of the roughness of the surface. As an approximation, the roughness length is approximately one tenth of the height of the surface roughness elements. For example, short grass of height 0.01m has a roughness length of approximately 0.001m. Surfaces are rougher if they have more protrusions. Forests have much larger rougher lengths than tundra, for example. Roughness length is an important concept in urban meteorology as the building of tall structures, such as skyscrapers, has an effect on roughness length and wind patterns. Terrain description math z 0 math m Open sea, Fetch geography Fetch at least 5 km 0.0002 Mud flats, snow no vegetation, no obstacles 0.005 Open flat terrain grass, few isolated obstacles 0.03 Low crops occasional large obstacles, x H 20 0.10 High crops scattered obstacles, 15 x H 20 0.25 parkland, bushes numerous obstacles, x H 10 0.5 Regular large obstacle coverage suburb, forest 1.0 City centre with high and low rise buildings 2 ref WMO Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation WMO No. 8 page I.5 12 ref References reflist External links http amsglossary.allenpress.com glossary search?id aerodynamic roughness length1 Aerodynamic Roughness Length AMS Glossary http www.webmet.com met monitoring 663.html Surface Roughness Length http www das.uwyo.edu geerts cwx notes chap14 roughness.html Roughness http amsglossary.allenpress.com ... Obukhov length Wind profile power law Log wind profile Displacement height Category Atmospheric dispersion ... more details
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