PBB geneid 1588 Aromatase , also called estrogen synthetase or estrogen synthase , is an enzyme responsible ... . In particular, aromatase is responsible for the aromaticity aromatization of androgen s into estrogen s. The aromatase enzyme can be found in many tissues including gonads , brain , adipose ... into estrogens, which can cause gynecomastia . Citation needed date October 2011 Function Aromatase ... catalyzed by aromatase. Steroids are composed of four fused cyclic compound ring s labeled A D . Aromatase converts the ring labeled A into an aromaticity aromatic state. Image Aromatase mechanism.png thumb left 400px Catalytic mechanism of aromatase. The methyl group is a redox oxidized and subsequently ..., the gene CYP19, located on chromosome 15q21.1, encodes the aromatase enzyme. ref name pmid8477708 ... of the 5 untranslated sequence of mRNA for human aromatase P 450 journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume ... title Aromatase research and its clinical significance journal Endokrynol Pol volume 61 issue 1 pages ... diverging tunicate Ciona intestinalis . Thus, the aromatase gene evolved early in chordate evolution ..., via other unknown pathways. Activity Factors known to increase aromatase activity include senescence age , obesity , insulin , gonadotropins , tobacco smoking smoking and alcohol . Aromatase activity is decreased by prolactin , anti M llerian hormone , and zinc . Aromatase activity appears to be enhanced ..., and uterine fibroids. Disorders Aromatase excess syndrome A number of investigators have reported on a rather rare syndrome of excess aromatase activity. In boys, it can lead to gynecomastia ... aromatase. ref name Fukami2012 cite journal author Fukami M, Shozu M, Ogata T title Molecular bases and phenotypic determinants of aromatase excess syndrome journal Int J Endocrinol volume 2012 issue ... T title Aromatase excess syndrome identification of cryptic duplications and deletions leading to gain ... Materii Wieku Rozw volume 12 issue 1 pages 53 8 year 2006 pmid 16704862 doi ref Aromatase deficiency ... more details
File Reaction Testosterone Estradiol.png thumb 275px Aromatase converts testosterone to estradiol File Reaction Androstendione Estrone.png thumb 275px Aromatase converts androstenedione to estrone Aromatase ... in men. Aromatase is the enzyme which synthesizes estrogen . As breast and ovarian cancers ... of estrogen on receptors. Types of AIs There are 2 types of aromatase inhibitors AIs approved to treat breast cancer ref cite journal author Mokbel K title The evolving role of aromatase inhibitors ... a permanent and deactivating bond with the aromatase enzyme. Non steroidal inhibitors, such as anastrozole Arimidex , inhibits the synthesis of estrogen via reversible competition for the aromatase enzyme. Mode of action Aromatase inhibitors work by inhibiting the action of the enzyme aromatase , which ... women most of the bodies estrogen is produced in the conversion of androgens to estrogen by the aromatase ... action of the aromatase enzyme in these tissues, but any circulating estrogen, which exerts Systemic ... ref Members File Arimidex.jpg thumb Arimidex anastrozole 1 mg tablets Available aromatase inhibitors ... 4823 4826 year 1986 pmid 2942241 title Treatment of advanced postmenopausal breast cancer with an aromatase ... produced via the enzyme aromatase in peripheral tissues of the body. Because some breast cancers ... of the breast with aromatase inhibitors has been proven to be an effective treatment for hormone sensitive ... 2005 pages 60 2 author Howell A, Cuzick J, Baum M, et al. ref Aromatase inhibitors are generally not used to treat breast cancer in premenopausal women. When aromatase inhibitors are used in premenopausal ... the effect of the aromatase inhibitor. Ongoing areas of clinical research is optimizing adjuvant ... thumb Results from enzyme assay with white mushroom and aromatase enzyme . ref name ChenBC Cite journal ... aromatase activity and breast cancer cell proliferation journal J. Nutr. volume 131 issue 12 pages ... D title Anti aromatase activity of phytochemicals in white button mushrooms Agaricus bisporus ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Aromatase deficiency Image Testosterone estradiol conversion.png Caption Aromatase converts testosterone to estradiol DiseasesDB 29906 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 107910 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Aromatase deficiency is a condition resulting from insufficient production of the enzyme aromatase , ref name pmid8530621 cite journal author Morishima A, Grumbach MM, Simpson ER, Fisher C, Qin K title Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological role of estrogens journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. volume 80 issue 12 pages 3689 98 year 1995 month December pmid 8530621 doi 10.1210 jc.80.12.3689 url http jcem.endojournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 8530621 ref which can lead to inappropriate virilization . One notable feature is that it can also affect the mother during gestation that resolves after birth. ref name pmid17452968 cite journal author Jones ME, Boon WC, McInnes K, Maffei L, Carani C, Simpson ER title Recognizing rare disorders aromatase deficiency journal Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab volume 3 issue 5 pages 414 21 year 2007 month May pmid 17452968 doi 10.1038 ncpendmet0477 ref The deficiency also causes the virilization of XX fetuses, and although they will have normal female internal genitalia , clitoromegaly often results from the high androgen levels in utero, along with ambiguous external genitalia upon birth. Testosterone may be normal or elevated. ref name pmid18448329 cite journal author Zirilli L, Rochira V, Diazzi C, Caffagni G, Carani C title Human models of aromatase deficiency journal J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. volume 109 issue 3 5 pages 212 8 year 2008 month April pmid 18448329 doi 10.1016 j.jsbmb.2008.03.026 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0960 0760 08 00051 4 ref The lack of estrogen results in the presentation of primary amenorrhea and tall stature the latter occurs because estrogen normally causes fusion of the epiphyseal growth plates ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 20 sub H sub 26 sub O sub 2 sub The molecular formula C sub 20 sub H sub 26 sub O sub 2 sub molar mass 298.41 g mol, exact mass 298.19328 may refer to Atamestane , an aromatase inhibitor Norethisterone Norethynodrel , a progestin MolFormDisambig ... more details
Congenital estrogen deficiency is a genetic condition by which the body is unable to produce or use estrogen s. ref name pmid11403900 cite journal author Rochira V, Balestrieri A, Madeo B, et al. title Congenital estrogen deficiency in search of the estrogen role in human male reproduction journal Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. volume 178 issue 1 2 pages 107 15 year 2001 month June pmid 11403900 doi 10.1016 S0303 7207 01 00432 4 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0303720701004324 ref Conditions include Aromatase deficiency , a condition where the enzyme aromatase is absent and androgens are not converted to estrogens. Estrogen insensitivity syndrome , a condition where the estrogen receptor is defective and estrogen are not biologically active. References reflist Category Congenital disorders of endocrine system medicine stub ... more details
NSAI may refer to Nashville Songwriters Association International , songwriting preservation and education society National Spatial Address Infrastructure , a United Kingdom government initiative National Standards Authority of Ireland , the ISO member body for the Republic of Ireland Non steroidal anti inflammatory drug , a group of analgesic drugs Non steroidal aromatase inhibitor , a class of drugs used in treatment of breast cancer disambig ... more details
, an active steroid which displays weak androgenic activity in addition to acting as a mild aromatase ... orally active aromatase inhibitors have been identified. It is selective. ref name pmid7873457 cite ... aromatase inhibitor formestane with tamoxifen as first line hormonal therapy in postmenopausal ... pmid 7873457 doi url ref References Reflist Androgenics Estrogenics Category Aromatase inhibitors ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 406050182 IUPAC name 4 5,6,7,8 tetrahydroimidazo 1,5 a pyridin 5 yl benzonitrile image Fadrozole.png Clinical data tradename pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled legal CA Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII legal UK GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C legal US OTC Rx only Schedule I, II, III, IV, V legal status Rx only routes of administration Oral Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 102676 31 3 ATC prefix none ATC suffix ATC supplemental PubChem 59693 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank UNII Ref fdacite changed FDA UNII H3988M64PU KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D02451 ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 9298 Chemical data chemical formula C 14 H 13 N 3 molecular weight 223.27 g mol smiles C1CC N2C NC C2C1 C3 CC C C C3 C N Fadrozole International Nonproprietary Name INN , marketed as Afema by Novartis is an aromatase inhibitor ref name pmid1530798 cite journal author Raats JI, Falkson G, Falkson HC title A study of fadrozole, a new aromatase inhibitor, in postmenopausal women with advanced metastatic breast cancer journal J. Clin. Oncol. volume 10 issue 1 pages 111 6 year 1992 month January pmid 1530798 doi url http www.jco.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 1530798 ref that has been introduced in Japan for the treatment of breast cancer . It is selective. ref name pmid1825337 cite journal author Browne LJ, Gude C, Rodriguez H, Steele RE, Bhatnager A title Fadrozole hydrochloride a potent, selective, nonsteroidal inhibitor of aromatase for the treatment of estrogen dependent disease journal J. Med. Chem. volume 34 issue 2 pages 725 36 year 1991 month February pmid 1825337 doi 10.1021 jm00106a038 url ref References reflist See also Aromatase inhibitor Androgenics Estrogenics Category Aromatase in ... more details
An antiestrogen is a substance that blocks the production or utilization of estrogens , ref name urlDefinition of antiestrogen NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms, Definition of antiestrogen NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms cite web url http www.cancer.gov dictionary ?CdrID 44813 title Definition of antiestrogen NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms, Definition of antiestrogen NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms format work accessdate , ref or inhibits their effects. ref DorlandsDict one 000006027 antiestrogen ref Estrogens are the family of hormones that promote the development and Maintenance of an organism maintenance of female sex characteristics . Antiestrogens like tamoxifen can promote an invasive phenotype in estrogen receptor Breast cancer classification ER positive breast cancer cells with deficient Cell adhesion intercellular adhesion . Although aromatase inhibitors could be considered antiestrogens by some definitions, they are often considered to be a distinct class. ref name pmid16112269 cite journal author Riggins RB, Bouton AH, Liu MC, Clarke R title Antiestrogens, aromatase inhibitors, and apoptosis in breast cancer journal Vitam. Horm. volume 71 issue pages 201 37 year 2005 pmid 16112269 doi 10.1016 S0083 6729 05 71007 4 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0083 6729 05 71007 4 ref Aromatase inhibitors reduce the production of estrogen, while the term antiestrogen is usually reserved for agents reducing the response to estrogen. See also Selective estrogen receptor modulator National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA Published list of banned drug for the usage to student athletes.Examples of anti estrogens are anastrozole, clomiphene, tamoxifen, and formestane. References Reflist External links http www.reutershealth.com archive 2009 01 02 professional links 20090102clin030.html NCI cancer dict Estrogenics Category Hormonal agents Category Hormonal antineoplastic drugs antineoplastic drug stub es Antiestr geno ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid IUPAC name 3 ethyl 3 pyridin 4 yl piperidine 2,6 dione image Rogletimide structure.png width 100 Clinical data tradename pregnancy category legal status routes of administration Pharmacokinetic data bioavailability metabolism excretion Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite CAS number 121840 95 7 ATC suffix PubChem 56487 DrugBank ChemSpiderID 50963 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 14P4QR28QF synonyms Chemical data C 12 H 14 N 2 O 2 molecular weight 218.25 g mol smiles O C1NC O CCC1 c2ccncc2 CC Rogletimide is a drug related in chemical structure to the sedative glutethimide , but instead having pharmacological activity as a selective aromatase inhibitor similar to the related drug aminoglutethimide , but with no significant sedative effect. ref name pmid7949204 cite journal author Vanden Bossche HV, Moereels H, Koymans LM title Aromatase inhibitors mechanisms for non steroidal inhibitors journal Breast Cancer Research and Treatment volume 30 issue 1 pages 43 55 year 1994 pmid 7949204 doi url ref This makes it potentially useful in the treatment of some forms of cancer, and with less side effects than aminoglutethimide, but its lower potency caused it to be unsuccessful in clinical trials. ref name pmid1419608 cite journal author MacNeill FA, Jones AL, Jacobs S, L nning PE, Powles TJ, Dowsett M title The influence of aminoglutethimide and its analogue rogletimide on peripheral aromatisation in breast cancer journal British Journal of Cancer volume 66 issue 4 pages 692 7 year 1992 month October pmid 1419608 pmc 1977412 doi 10.1038 bjc.1992.339 url ref pharm stub References Reflist Androgenics Estrogenics Category Aromatase inhibitors Category Pyridines Category Glutarimides ... more details
Multiple issues expert February 2009 refimprove February 2009 see also assisted reproductive technology Fertility medication are drugs which enhance reproductive fertility . For women, fertility medication is used to stimulate ovarian follicle follicle development of the ovary . There are currently very few fertility medication options available for men. Agents that enhance ovarian activity can be classified as either Gonadotropin releasing hormone , Estrogen Receptor antagonist antagonists or Gonadotropins . Female Gonadotropin releasing hormone Main Gonadotropin releasing hormone Either Gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH or any Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist i.e. Lupron may be used. GnRH releases gonadotropins from the hypothalamus in the body. Estrogen antagonists Fertility medication inhibiting the effects of estrogen includes Clomiphene citrate and Aromatase inhibitor s. Clomiphene citrate Main Clomiphene citrate Clomiphene citrate is a selective estrogen receptor modulator SERM . It is used as an ovarian stimulator by inhibiting the negative feedback of estrogen. Aromatase inhibitors Main Aromatase inhibitor Although primarily a breast cancer treatment, aromatase inhibitor s can also work as fertility medication, probably through a mechanism similar to clomiphene citrate. Gonadotropins Main Gonadotropin preparations Gonadotropins are the hormones in the body that normally stimulate the gonads testes and ovaries . For medication, they can be extracted from urine or by genetic modification. For example, the so called menotropin s consist of Luteinizing hormone LH and Follicle stimulating hormone FSH extracted from human urine from menopausal women. ref MeshName Menotropins ref There are also recombinant variants which are created by inserting the DNA coding for it into bacteriae. The bacterial DNA is then called Recombinant DNA . Examples of recombinant FSH are Follistim and Gonal F, while Luveris is a recombinant LH. Human chorionic gonadotropin Main H ... more details
MF 1993 Atamestane an aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. A short ... Terms NCI cancer dict Androgenics Estrogenics Category Aromatase inhibitors Category Steroids Category ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Brassaiopsis glomerulata regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Araliaceae subfamilia Aralioideae genus Brassaiopsis species B. glomerulata binomial Brassaiopsis glomerulata binomial authority synonyms Brassaiopsis glomerulata is a species of shrub in the family Araliaceae . Extracts are sold as bodybuilding supplement s based on the assumption that aromatase inhibitor s present in the plant ref cite doi 10.1016 j.phytol.2008.10.009 ref might have effects in humans. References reflist Category Brassaiopsis Category bodybuilding supplements ... more details
reported in Oroxylum indicum or Indian trumpetflower. Aromatase inhibition Advertised as an aromatase ... author Kellis JT Jr, Vickery LE. title Inhibition of human estrogen synthetase aromatase by flavones ... aromatase inhibitor activity. ref name Saarinen2001 cite journal author Saarinen N, Joshi SC, Ahotupa M, Li X, Amm l J, M kel S, Santti R. title No evidence for the in vivo activity of aromatase ... increase in testosterone production. Chrysin was once believed to be an effective aromatase inhibitor ... Aromatase Inhibitor? http www.vrp.com articles.aspx?page LIST&ProdID 1208&qid &zTYPE 2 ref Early evidence ... aromatase by flavones journal Science volume 225 issue 4666 pages 1032 4 year 1984 month September ... ref ref cite journal author Ibrahim AR, Abul Hajj YJ title Aromatase inhibition by flavonoids ..., Kurzer MS title Flavonoid inhibition of aromatase enzyme activity in human preadipocytes journal J ..., Kurzer MS title Lignans and flavonoids inhibit aromatase enzyme in human preadipocytes journal J. Steroid ... Cuisset B, Sumpter JP, Fostier A title Effects of flavonoids on aromatase activity, an in vitro study ... Aromatase and 17 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibition by flavonoids journal Cancer Lett. volume ..., Shin YG, Kim IH, Pezzuto JM title Inhibition of aromatase activity by flavonoids journal Arch. Pharm ... more than found in dietary supplements. Chrysin was found to have no ability to inhibit aromatase ... more details
to treat breast cancer. It is a member of the class of drugs known as aromatase inhibitor s. Some breast ..., or hormone receptor positive. Aromatase is an enzyme that synthesizes estrogen. Aromatase inhibitors .... Function Exemestane is an oral steroidal aromatase inhibitor that is used in ER positive breast cancer ... via the conversion of androgen s into estrogen by the aromatase enzyme in the peripheral tissues ... locally via the actions of the aromatase enzyme in these peripheral tissues where it acts locally ... Exemestane is an irreversible, steroidal aromatase inactivator, structurally related to the natural substrate androstenedione . It acts as a false substrate for the aromatase enzyme, and is processed ... information Androgenics Estrogenics Category Aromatase inhibitors Category Enantiopure drugs ... more details
issue 9 ref 4 Androstene 3,6,17 trione 4 AT is a potent irreversible aromatase inhibitor that inhibits estrogen biosynthesis by permanently binding and inactivating aromatase in adipose and peripheral tissue. ref cite journal author Numazawa M, Tsuji M, Mutsumi A title Studies on aromatase inhibition with 4 androstene 3,6,17 trione its 3 beta reduction and time dependent irreversible binding to aromatase ... 3,17 dione cause a time dependent decrease in human placental aromatase activity journal Endocrinology ... 734698 doi 10.1016 0039 128X 78 90074 0 ref Aromatase is responsible for the conversion of testosterone to estradiol . Blocking aromatase causes the body to decrease in levels of estradiol, which then results ... safety markers, but incompletely inhibited aromatase activity and significantly increased endogenous ... weeks of an alleged aromatase inhibiting nutritional supplement 6 OXO androst 4 ene 3,6,17 trione ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A hormone receptor positive tumor is a tumor which consists of cells that express receptors for certain hormones. The term most commonly refers to estrogen receptor positive tumors i.e. tumors that contain estrogen receptor positive cells , but can also include progesterone receptor positive tumors. Estrogen receptor positive tumors depend on the presence of estrogen for ongoing proliferation. Treatment Endocrine treatment may be beneficial for patients with hormone receptor positive breast tumors. ref name DeVitaLawrence2008 cite book last1 DeVita first1 Vincent T. last2 Lawrence first2 Theodore S. last3 Rosenberg first3 Steven A. coauthors Robert A. Weinberg, Ronald A. DePinho title DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg s cancer principles & practice of oncology url http books.google.com books?id yrBI5zx69X8C&pg PA1646 accessdate 1 August 2011 date 2008 04 01 publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins isbn 9780781772075 pages 1646 ref There are two ways for treating these kind of tumors Lowering systemic levels of estrogen, achieved by the use of drugs from the aromatase inhibitor category. ref cite journal author Trunet PF, Vreeland F, Royce C, Chaudri HA, Cooper J, Bhatnagar AS title Clinical use of aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of advanced breast cancer journal J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. volume 61 issue 3 6 pages 241 5 year 1997 month April pmid 9365196 doi 10.1016 S0960 0760 97 80018 0 url ref ref cite journal author Younus J, Vandenberg TA title A practical overview of aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer journal Bull Cancer volume 92 issue 4 pages E39 44 year 2005 month April pmid 15888383 doi url http www.john libbey eurotext.fr medline.md?issn 0007 4551&vol 92&iss 4&page E39 ref These drugs target one of the enzymes that takes part in the biosynthesis of estrogen. Blockage of the estrogen receptors on the cancerous cells, thus preventing estrogen binding, leading to decreased ... more details
of action It blocks aromatase ref name pmid17602675 cite journal author Siraki AG, Bonini MG, Jiang ... active steroids . At low doses, aminogluthethimide is only an effective inhibitor of aromatase ... Estrogenics Progestogenics Corticosteroids Category Aromatase inhibitors Category Glutarimides fa ... more details
action of testolactone is reported to be inhibition of steroid aromatase activity and the reduction ... in postmenopausal women. In vitro studies report that the aromatase inhibition may be noncompetitive ... more details
is an aromatase inhibitor aromatase inhibiting drug U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved ... Anastrozole binds reversibly to the aromatase enzyme through competitive inhibition , inhibits ... Jakesz Bisphosphonates are sometimes prescribed to prevent the osteoporosis induced by aromatase ..., Rohrer JL, Hayden D, Rubin SD, Leder BZ title Effect of aromatase inhibition on lipids and inflammatory ..., Rubin SD, Gallo J, Longcope C title Effects of aromatase inhibition in elderly men with low or borderline ... of epiphyseal cartilages induced by the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole. Would it help short children ... of the aromatase inhibitor . File Anastrozole.png 1200px US patent 4935437 References reflist External ... Aromatase inhibitors Category AstraZeneca Category Triazoles Category Nitriles cs Anastrozol de ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Theca of follicle Latin theca folliculi GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Mature late stage tertiary Graffian follicle Image2 Caption2 Early folliculogenesis from primordial to early tertiary. Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre t 07 DorlandsSuf 12801620 The theca folliculi comprise a layer of the ovarian follicle s. They appear as the follicles become tertiary follicle s. The theca are divided into two layers, the theca interna and the theca externa . The theca interna is responsible for the production of androstenedione , and indirectly the production of 17 estradiol , also called E2, by supplying the neighboring granulosa cells with androstenedione that with the help of the enzyme aromatase can be used as a substrate for this type of estradiol . See also theca thecoma External links BUHistology 14805loa UCDavisOrganology Reproductive mammal ovary2 ovary5 Mammal, canine ovary LM, High UCDavisOrganology Reproductive mammal ovary5 ovary6 Mammal, bovine ovary LM, Medium UIUCHistologySubject 372 interna UIUCHistologySubject 373 externa AnatomyAtlasesMicroscopic 13 249 http www.trinity.edu rblyston MicroA Lectures L39 html sld016.htm Slide at trinity.edu Female reproductive system DEFAULTSORT Theca Of Follicle Category Female reproductive system genitourinary stub it Teca follicolare ... more details
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