hatnote Not to be confused with Malus floribunda , also called purple chokeberry taxobox image Aronia ... Maleae subtribus Malinae genus Aronia genus authority Friedrich Kasimir Medikus Medik. subdivision ranks Species subdivision Aronia arbutifolia small Carl Linnaeus L. Christian Hendrik Persoon Pers. small Aronia melanocarpa small Andr Michaux Michx. Stephen Elliott botanist Elliott small Aronia prunifolia small Humphry Marshall Marshall Alfred Rehder Rehder small Aronia , the chokeberries , are two ... Information Network title Aronia Medik. ref to three species of deciduous shrub s in the family ... confused with black chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa . Chokecherries are also high in antioxidant ... is a small pome , with a very astringent flavor. Aronia has been thought to be closely related to Photinia ... the older name Aronia . ref name Kalkman Kalkman, C. 2004. Rosaceae. In The families and genera of vascular ... name weakley Red chokeberry , Aronia arbutifolia Photinia pyrifolia , ref name pyrifolia grows to 2 ..., persisting into winter. Image Aronia melanocarpa Aron.JPG thumb left Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa Black chokeberry , Aronia melanocarpa Photinia melanocarpa , ref name melanocarpa tends to be smaller ... into winter. The Purple chokeberry , Aronia prunifolia Photinia floribunda ref name floribunda ... where the red chokeberry is not. ref name hardin Cite journal title The Enigmatic Chokeberries Aronia ... Berries IMG 2431 051013 121714.jpg thumb right Red chokeberry Aronia arbutifolia The chokeberries ... to produce fruit. ref name mckay Cite news title Demand increasing for aronia and elderberry in North ... to make wine , jam, syrup, juice, soft spreads, and tea. ref name mckay In The U.S. aronia berries ... ingredients including blackcurrant . ref name mckay Aronia is also used as a flavoring or food coloring ... . Antioxidant qualities Aronia melanocarpa black chokeberry has attracted scientific interest due ... of Ribes, Aronia and Sambucus and their antioxidant capacity. J Agric Food Chem. 52 26 7846 ... more details
coord 40 03 06 N 75 10 08 W display title Awbury Arboretum 55 acres is a nonprofit arboretum and estate located at 1 Awbury Road in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania East Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . Its grounds are open daily without charge. History The arboretum dates back to 1852, when Henry Cope purchased the property. The grounds were laid out in the English landscape tradition, with advice from noted landscape architect William Saunders botanist William Saunders . A number of houses were constructed on the property all are now privately owned with the exception of the Francis Cope House 1860 which is now the Arboretum headquarters. The Cope family formally established the arboretum in 1916 it became a nonprofit organization in 1984. The arboretum lies entirely within the Awbury Historic District , a National Historic District designated in 2001. Trees The arboretum is laid out as a series of open spaces, with clusters of trees and shrubs framing long vistas. Among its many mature trees, the arboretum contains a State Champion River Birch Betula nigra , and notable specimens of American Linden Tilia americana , American Sycamore Platanus occidentalis , and Paper Birch Betula papyrifera . Other trees in the collection include Acer genus Acer rubrum , Amelanchier canadensis , Carpinus caroliniana , Chionanthus virginicus , Cornus genus Cornus alternifolia , Cornus genus Cornus amomum , Cornus genus Cornus florida , Corylus americana , Fraxinus americana , Fraxinus pennsylvanica , Liriodendron tulipifera , tupelo Nyssa sylvatica , Prunus serotina , Quercus alba , Q. palustris , Q. prinus , and Q. rubra . Shrubs include Aronia arbutifolia , Aronia melanocarpa , Lindera benzoin , Viburnum dentatum , and Viburnum prunifolium . See also Portal Philadelphia Awbury Historic District List of botanical gardens in the United States External links http www.awbury.org Awbury Arboretum http www.schuylkillriver.org Detail.aspx?id 3784 Schuylkill River National ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Crataegus azarolus image Crataegus azarolus HRM.jpg regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Rosales familia Rosaceae genus Crataegus series Crataegus series Orientales Orientales series authority Antonina Ivanovna Pojarkova Pojark. ref name KIC Christensen, K.I. 1992 Revision of Crataegus sect. Crataegus and nothosect. Crataeguineae Rosaceae Maloideae in the Old World. The American Society of Plant Taxonomists, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. ref species C. azarolus binomial Crataegus azarolus binomial authority Carolus Linnaeus L. synonyms Crataegus aronia Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc Bosc non Joseph Decaisne Decne. ref http www.pfaf.org user Plant.aspx?LatinName Crataegus azarolus Plants for a Future PFAF page 1 ref Crataegus azarolus is a species of Crataegus hawthorn known by the common names azarole , mosphilla , and Mediterranean medlar . It is native to the Mediterranean Basin and it is grown there and elsewhere as an ornamental plant ornamental tree and for its fruit. It has been used historically for a number of medicinal purposes. ref Ljubuncic, P., et al. 2005 . Antioxidant activity of Crataegus aronia aqueous extract used in traditional Arab medicine in Israel. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 101 1 153 61. ref C. azarolus is often divided into subspecies or variety botany varieties , for example Christensen in his monograph ref name KIC uses four varieties C. azarolus var. azarolus has orange fruit. C. azarolus var. aronia Carolus Linnaeus L. , has yellowish fruit often with some red tinges C. azarolus var. chlorocarpa Giuseppe Giacinto Moris Moris Knud Ib Christensen K.I.Chr. has yellowish fruit C. azarolus var. pontica Karl Heinrich Emil Koch K.Koch Knud Ib Christensen K.I.Chr. has yellowish or orange fruit File Crataegus azarolus.jpg thumb Botanical illustration from Duhamel du Monceau, H.L. 1768. Trait des arbres fruitiers See also List of hawthorn species with yellow fruit ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Leucoptera malifoliella image Leucoptera malifoliella2.JPG image size image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropoda classis Insecta ordo Lepidoptera familia Lyonetiidae genus Leucoptera moth Leucoptera species L. malifoliella binomial Leucoptera malifoliella binomial authority Oronzio Gabriele Costa O. Costa , 1836 synonyms Elachista malifoliella small Costa, 1836 small Opostega scitella small Zeller, 1839 small Cemiostoma scitellum small Zeller, 1839 small Leucoptera scitella small Zeller, 1839 small The Pear Leaf Blister Moth , Ribbed Apple Leaf Miner or Apple Leaf Miner Leucoptera malifoliella is a moth of the Lyonetiidae family. It is found in all of Europe . Image Leucoptera malifoliella.jpg thumb left 200px Mine This wingspan is about 8 mm. Adults are on wing from June to July. The larvae feed on Alnus incana , Amelanchier ovalis , Aronia , Betula pendula , Betula pubescens , Chaenomeles japonica , Cotoneaster integerrimus , Crataegus crus galli , Crataegus monogyna , Cydonia oblonga , Malus baccata , Malus domestica , Malus floribunda , Malus sylvestris , Mespilus germanica , Prunus avium , Prunus cerasus , Prunus domestica , Prunus fruticosa , Prunus insititia , Prunus spinosa , Prunus subhirtella , Pyrus communis , Sorbus aucuparia . They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine consists of a large, circular blotch without a trace of a preceding corridor. Around the dark centre the frass, glued to the upper epidermis, is found in distinct arcs. Pupation takes place outside of the mine. External links http www.faunaeur.org full results.php?id 359678 Fauna Europaea http www.bladmineerders.nl minersf lepidopteramin leucoptera malifoliella malifoliella.htm bladmineerders.nl http ukmoths.org.uk show.php?bf 260 UKmoths Yponomeutoidea stub Category Lyonetiidae tr Armut yaprak galeri g vesi vi Leucoptera malifoliella ... more details
Image Paar Cave.jpg thumb Pa ar Cave The Pa ar Cave , lang he is a Karst topography Karstic Sinkhole in the Upper Galilee , Israel . The cave is located between the Adir peak part of the Mount Meron Meron range , and kibbutz Sasa, Israel Sasa . The sinkhole channels the water flowing from the Pa ar stream to groundwater level. Nature reserve The cave is part of a 14 dunam nature reserve, declared in 1967, that bears its name. ref cite web title List of National Parks and Nature Reserves url http parks.org.il sigalit muchrazim.pdf language Hebrew publisher Israel Nature and Parks Authority accessdate 2010 09 27 ref The reserve is home to Palestine Oak Quercus calliprinos and Quercus infectoria oak trees, Hawthorn trees Crataegus azarolus aronia , Dog Rose Rosa canina bushes, and Sternbergia bulb flowers. ref cite web url http www.inature.info wiki D7 A9 D7 9E D7 95 D7 A8 D7 AA D7 9E D7 A2 D7 A8 D7 AA D7 A4 D7 A2 D7 A8 title Pa ar Cave Nature Reserve language Hebrew accessdate 2010 10 03 publisher iNature.info ref References reflist External links cite web url http www.ynet.co.il articles 1,7340,L 1925180,00.html title The Pa ar Cave near Sasa publisher Ynet.co.il language Hebrew accessdate 2010 10 03 http isachar photography.photoshelter.com gallery img show? bqG 2& bqH eJwzdPdNrPKrTDZx8ix2LA9KjPQr9KmyrEzLSDSxsjIytbJyj d0sXU3AIKCoLyqgBCLiJJUXzV3z3h3Rx8f16BIbNIAgPoafg Photos from the Reserve coord 33 1 51.63 N 35 23 9.28 E region IL display title Nature reserves of Israel Category Caves of Israel Category Nature reserves in Israel Category Limestone caves he ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Phyllonorycter crataegella image Phyllonorycter crataegella.JPG image width 150px image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera infraordo Heteroneura familia Gracillariidae genus Phyllonorycter species P. crataegella binomial Phyllonorycter crataegella binomial authority Clemens, 1859 ref http ia311226.us.archive.org 1 items revisionofnortha00braurich revisionofnortha00braurich.pdf Revision of the North American species of the genus Lithocolletis H bner ref synonyms Lithocolletis crataegella small Clemens, 1859 small Lithocolletis malimalifoliella small Braun, 1908 small Phyllonorycter malifoliella small Meyrick, 1912 small The Apple Blotch Leafminer Phyllonorycter crataegella is a moth of the Gracillariidae family. It is known from Canada Nova Scotia, Qu bec, Ontario and New Brunswick the United States Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, California, Maine, Vermont, Oregon, Arkansas, Connecticut and Illinois . ref http gc.bebif.be species show 2114 Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae Lepidoptera ref The wingspan is 5.5 6 mm. The larva e feed on Amelanchier species including Amelanchier canadensis , Aronia species, Crataegus species including Crataegus mollis , Cydonia species including Cydonia japonica and Cydonia oblonga , Malus species including Malus coronaria , Malus domestica , Malus malus , Malus pumila , Malus sieboldii and Malus sylvestris , Photinia species, Prunus species including Prunus americana , Prunus avium , Prunus domestica , Prunus pennsylvanica , Prunus persica , Prunus serotina and Prunus virginiana , Pyrus species including Pyrus communis and Pyrus coronaria and Sorbus species including Sorbus americana and Sorbus aucuparia . They leaf miner mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine has the form of a tentiform mine on the underside of the leaf. References Reflist Catego ... more details
File Pemmican.jpg thumb right 120 px Traditional method of drying meat for pemmican demonstrated at Calgary Stampede File Aronia prunifolia0.jpg thumb right 120 px Aronia Chokeberries Aronia prunifolia , sometimes added to pemmican Pemmican is a concentrated mixture of fat and protein used as a nutritious food. The word comes from the Cree language Cree word pim hk n , which itself is derived from the word pim , fat, grease . ref Sinclair, J.M. ed English Dictionary Harper Collins 2001. ref It was invented by the Native Americans in the United States native peoples of North America. Citation needed date March 2009 It was widely adopted as a high food energy energy food by Europeans involved in the fur trade and later by Arctic and Antarctic explorers, such as Robert Falcon Scott and Roald Amundsen . The specific ingredients used were usually whatever was available the meat was often bison , moose , Red Deer elk , or deer . Fruits such as cranberry cranberries and saskatoon berry saskatoon berries were sometimes added. cherry Cherries , Ribes currants , chokeberry chokeberries and blueberry blueberries were also used, but almost exclusively in ceremonial and wedding pemmican. Citation needed date February 2011 The highest quality pemmican is made from lean meat and bone marrow fat the pemmican buyers of the fur trade era had strict specifications. Citation needed date April 2010 Traditional preparation Traditionally, pemmican was prepared from the lean meat of large game such as Bison buffalo , elk or deer . The meat was cut in thin slices and dried over a slow fire, or in the hot sun until it was hard and brittle. About 5 pounds of meat are required to make one pound of dried meat suitable for pemmican. Then it was pounded into very small pieces, almost powder like in consistency, using stones. The pounded meat was mixed with melted fat in an approximate 1 1 ratio. ref name Angier1 107 Angier, Bradford How to Stay Alive in the Woods originally published as Living o ... more details
Use mdy dates date April 2012 Image Donald E. Davis Arboretum footbridge 2011 DSCN5480.jpg 300px thumb right The Donald E. Davis Arboretum on the campus of Auburn University in 2011. The Donald E. Davis Arboretum 5.7 ha 14 acres is an arboretum located on the campus of Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama . It is open to the public without charge. The arboretum features native trees, shrubs and wildflowers of the southeastern United States, including 150 different tree species native to Alabama and the Southeast. Its collection includes A Abies firma Acer floridanum Acer leucoderme Acer negundo Acer palmatum Acer rubrum Acer saccharinum Acer saccharum Aesculus flava Aesculus parviflora Aesculus pavia Aesculus sylvatica Agarista populifolia Ailanthus altissima Albizia julibrissin Alder Alnus Alnus serrulata serrulata Amelanchier arborea Amelanchier laevis Ampelopsis arborea Aralia spinosa Aronia Aronia arbutifolia Asimina Asimina parviflora parviflora Asimina triloba B Baccharis halimifolia Befaria Befaria racemosa racemosa Berchemia scandens Betula nigra Bignonia capreolata Paper Mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera C Callicarpa americana Calycanthus floridus Campsis radicans Carpinus caroliniana Carya aquatica Carya cordiformis Carya glabra Pecan Carya illinoensis Carya laciniosa Carya myristicaeformis Carya ovalis Carya ovata Carya pallida Carya tomentosa Catalpa bignonioides Cedrus deodara Celtis laevigata Celtis occidentalis Celtis tenuifolia Cephalanthus occidentalis Cercis canadensis Cercis chinensis Chamaecyparis thyoides Chionanthus retusus Chionanthus virginicus Clematis Clethra alnifolia Cliftonia monophylla Cocculus Cocculus carolinus carolinus Conradina Conradina canescens canescens Cornus alternifolia Cornus amomum Cornus florida Corylus americana Cotinus coggygria Cotinus obovatus Crataegus cestivalis Crataegus uniflora Croton alabamensis Cupressocyparis leylandii Cupressus arizonica Cyrilla racemiflora D Diospyros virginiana E Coral bean Erythrina herbace ... more details
morphology of the carpel in the Rosaceae. V. Pomoideae Amelanchier, Aronia, Malacomeles, Malus, Peraphyllum ... pages 119 145 ref Amelanchier serviceberry, juneberry Aria see Sorbus Aronia chokeberry Chaenomeles ... more details
There are approximatively 100 160 genus genera and 3,500 4,000 species in the family Rosaceae . It also includes subgenera and synonyms. CompactTOC8 side yes center yes j J q Q y Y A Acaena Acomastylis Adenostoma Agrimonia Amelanchier Amelasorbus Amygdalophora Amygdalopsis Amygdalus Aphanes Whitebeam Aria Image Sorbus aria.jpg right thumb 200px A whitebeam , genus Whitebeam Aria . Argentina plant Argentina Sorbus Ariosorbus Aronia Aruncus Atomostigma B Batidaea Bencomia Brachycaulos Brayera C Cerapadus Ceraseidos Cherry Cerasus Cercocarpus Chamaebatiaria Chamaemeles Chaenomeles Sorbus Chamaemespilus Chaemaerhodos Cliffortia Coleogyne Coluria Comarella Comarobatia Comaropsis Comarum Sorbus Cormus Cotoneaster Cowania plant Cowania Crataegomespilus Crataegus Crataemespilus Quince Cydonia D Dalibarda repens Dalibarda Dasiphora Dendriopoterium Dichotomanthes Docynia Dryadanthe Dryas plant Dryas E Eriobotrya Image Eriobotrya japonica JPG1b.jpg right thumb 200px A loquat , genus Eriobotrya . Eriogynia Eriolobus Erythrocoma Exochorda F Fallugia Farinopsis Filipendula Fragaria G Geum Gillenia H Hagenia Hesperomeles Heteromeles Holodiscus Horkelia Horkeliella Hulthemia synonym of Rosa Hulthemosa Hulthemia Rosa I Ivesia K Kageneckia Kerria plant Kerria L Lachemilla Laurocerasus Leucosidea Lindleya Luetkea Lyonothamnus M Maddenia Malacomeles Malosorbus Malus Image Malus Danziger Kantapfel.jpg right thumb 200px An apple , species Apple Malus sylvestris domestica . Marcetella Mespilus Micromeles N Nagelia Neillia Neviusia alabamensis Neviusia Novoseiversia Nutallia O Oemleria Oncostylus Oreogeum Geum Orthurus Osmaronia Osteomeles P Padellus Bird cherry subgenus Padus Parageum Pentactina Pentaphylloides Peraphyllum Persica Petrophyton Photinia Physocarpus Polylepis Porteranthus Potentilla Poteridium Poterium Pourthiaea Prinsepia Prunus Pseudocydonia Purshia Pyracantha Pygeum genus Pygeum Pyronia Pyrus R Rhaphiobotyra Rhaphiolepis Rhodotypos Rose Rosa Image Meillandine Rose in clay ... more details
chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 464199623 Name Petunidin ImageFile Petunidin.svg ImageSize 250px IUPACName 2 3,4 dihydroxy 5 methoxyphenyl 3,5,7 trihydroxychromenylium OtherNames Petunidine Petunidin chloride br Petunidol Myrtillidin Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 390371 InChI 1 C16H12O7 c1 22 14 3 7 2 11 19 15 14 21 16 12 20 6 9 10 18 4 8 17 5 13 9 23 16 h2 6H,1H3, H4 ,17,18,19,20,21 p 1 InChIKey AFOLOMGWVXKIQL IKLDFBCSAS StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C16H12O7 c1 22 14 3 7 2 11 19 15 14 21 16 12 20 6 9 10 18 4 8 17 5 13 9 23 16 h2 6H,1H3, H4 ,17,18,19,20,21 p 1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey AFOLOMGWVXKIQL UHFFFAOYSA O CASNo Ref cascite changed ?? CASNo 1429 30 7 PubChem 441774 SMILES Oc1cc cc OC c1O c3 o c2cc O cc O c2cc3O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 16 sub H sub 13 sub O sub 7 sub sup sup Cl sup sup MolarMass 317.27 g mol ExactMass 317.066127317 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Petunidin Pt is an O methylated anthocyanidin . It is a natural organic compound and a particular type of anthocyanidin. It is a dark red or purple water soluble pigment found in many redberries including chokeberries Aronia sp , Saskatoon berries Amelanchier alnifolia or different species of grape for instance Vitis vinifera , or muscadine , Vitis rotundifolia , and also part of the pigments responsible for the petal colors in many flowers. The name of the molecule itself is derived from the word Petunia . Biosynthesis Petunidin could form in the exocarp of fruits from delphinidin , with an anthocyanin flavonoid O methyltransferase Catechol O methyl transferase catalyzing the B ring methylation and S Adenosyl methionine S Adenosyl L methyl 3H methionine being the methyl group donor. Glycosides Glycoside forms of petunidin are present in grape. ref http www.food info.net uk ... more details
File Arboretum Ellerhoop Dichter Narzissenwiese 2.jpg thumb right Arboretum Ellerhoop Thiensen File Arboretum Ellerhoop Italienischer Garten.jpg thumb right Italian garden The Ellerhoop Thiensen Arboretum 17 hectares, of which about 7.5 hectares are open to the public is an arboretum and botanical garden located at Thiensen 4, Ellerhoop , Schleswig Holstein , Germany . It is open daily an admission fee is charged. The arboretum dates to 1943 when Timm & Co. formed a nursery on the site. In 1956 its last owner, Erich Frahm, established an arboretum 3.5 hectares in cooperation with dendrologist Dr. Gerd Kr ssman. In 1980 the site was acquired by the state, along with 10 hectares for expansion, and a group including the Botanical Garden of the University of Hamburg helped plan its future. In 1989 the non profit Arboretum F rderkreis Baumbark Ellerhoop Thiensen eV was established to support the arboretum, and in 1996 responsibility was handed to this organization. Today the arboretum serves to help teach practical and theoretical biology, including both training in horticulture and academic botanical research. Its areas include The development history of the trees dating to the Carboniferous period, A herbivorous dinosaur from the Triassic period, A large cypress swamp forest of the Tertiary period, A crop area with heritage grains, Other topics such as carnivorous plant s. The arboretum s main focus is on the genus genera Prunus , Malus , and Hydrangea . Tree specimens include Acer rubrum , Aronia arbutifolia , Cephalanthus occidentalis , Chamaecyparis thyoides , Ilex glabra , Magnolia virginiana , and Taxodium distichum . It also includes various bamboo species Phyllostachys , Fargesia , Pseudosasa , and Sasa genus Sasa , as well as Alnus glutinosa Imperialis , various Salix species , and Miscanthus varieties. A secondary research focus is the breeding and selection of tree peony tree peonies . In recent years, the arboretum has amassed the largest tree peony collecti ... more details
Rupjmaizes kartojums is a traditional Latvia Latvian dessert based on the country s famous traditional dark rye bread. Rupjmaizes kartojums is similar in appearance and construction to the trifle of the British Isles, and is often called Sweet Rye Trifle, or Latvian Ambrosia among English speakers. It uses Rupjmaize dark rye bread rather than sponge cake. Rupjmaizes kartojums is prepared in a clear glass trifle dish, or parfait glasses, by first spreading a thin layer of jam or preserves on the bottom of the dish, then adding a thick layer of lightly sweetened vanilla flavoured whipped cream, which is then in turn sprinkled with a layer of dark rye bread crumb mixture. These layers are repeated up to the top of the dish, when a final dollop of cream and sprinkling of the rye crumbs are added to enhance the dessert s appearance. Rupjmaizes kartojums is made authentically with traditional Latvian dark rye bread, giving the finished dish a uniquely Baltic Scandinavian flavor profile. The bread is finely grated and may be pan toasted. It is then flavored with cinamon and sugar. Swedish or Russian dark rye breads, and failing this, a dark pumpernickel , are sometimes used in preparing the dessert by expats where Latvian breads are not available. It is important to note that Latvian Dark Rye, and therefore the base of the dessert, is not the same as other types of rye bread popular in Western Europe and North America. These are typically mixed with a large proportion of wheat, and flavored with caraway and or other spices and flavorings whereas Latvian Dark Rye is all rye and unspiced. Raspberry strawberry and apricot are each favorite preserves for preparing Rupjmaizes kartojums among Latvians, as are the more peculiarly Latvian aronia , sea buckthorn , lingonberry , rose hip , and red currant varieties. When the dessert is prepared, it is chilled thoroughly, as over the course of several hours the flavor of the individual ingredients meld, the rye crumbs soften and abso ... more details
Taxobox name Malinae image Malus sikkimensis0.jpg image caption Malus sikkimensis fruit regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Rosales familia Rosaceae subfamilia Amygdaloideae tribus Maleae subtribus Malinae subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision See text synonyms Pyrinae Henri Ernest Baillon Baill. Malinae incorrectly Pyrinae is a name that appears not to have been published, for the apple subtribe in the rose family, Rosaceae . This name would be required by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants , which came into force in 2011 article 19 for any group at the subtribe rank that includes the genus Malus but not either of the genera Rosa or Amygdalus . The group includes a number of plants bearing commercially important fruit s, such as apple s and pear s, while others are cultivated as ornamentals. The tribe consists exclusively of shrub s and small tree s characterised by a pome , a type of accessory fruit that does not occur in other Rosaceae, and by a basal haploid chromosome count of 17 instead of 7, 8, 9, or 15 as in the other Rosaceae . There are approximately 28 genera with approximately 1100 species worldwide, with most species occurring in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. Taxonomy The Malinae as currently circumscribed include the following genera ref name Campbell cite journal author Campbell, C.S. Evans, R.C. Morgan, D.R. Dickinson, T.A. Arsenault, M.P. date 2007 title Phylogeny of subtribe Pyrinae formerly the Maloideae, Rosaceae Limited resolution of a complex evolutionary history journal Plant Systematics and Evolution volume 266 issue 1 2 pages 119 145 ref Amelanchier serviceberry, juneberry Aria see Sorbus Aronia chokeberry Chaenomeles Japanese quince Chamaemeles Chamaemespilus see Sorbus chamaemespilus Cormus see Sorbus Cotoneaster cotoneaster Crataegus hawthorn Cydonia genus Cydonia quince Dichotomanthes Docynia Docyniopsis Eriobotrya loquat Eriolobus Hes ... more details
italic title Taxobox image Prunus virginiana flowers.jpg image caption Prunus virginiana var. virginiana eastern chokecherry in bloom regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Rosales familia Rosaceae genus Prunus subgenus bird cherry subgenus Padus ref Rehder, A. 1940, reprinted 1977. Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs hardy in North America exclusive of the subtropical and warmer temperate regions . Macmillan publishing Co., Inc, New York. ref species P. virginiana binomial Prunus virginiana binomial authority Carolus Linnaeus L. Prunus virginiana , commonly called chokecherry , bitter berry , or Virginia bird cherry , ref http www.ars grin.gov cgi bin npgs html taxon.pl?30151 USDA GRIN ref is a species of bird cherry subgenus bird cherry Prunus subgenus Padus native to North America , where it is found almost throughout the continent except for the Deep South and the far north. Growth It is a suckering shrub or small tree growing to 5 m tall. The leaf leaves are oval, 3 10 cm long, with a coarsely serrated margin. The flowers are produced in raceme s of 15 30 in late spring well after leaf emergence . The fruit are about 1 cm diameter, range in color from bright red to black, with a very astringent , sour taste. The very ripe berries are dark in color and less astringent than the red berries. Etymology The Chokeberry chokeberries , genus Aronia , are often mistakenly called chokecherries. This naming confusion is easy to understand considering there is a cultivar of the chokecherry Prunus virginiana Melanocarpa ref http www.msue.msu.edu msue imp modzz 00001191.html Prunus virginiana Chokecherry, Michigan State University ref ref http www.laspilitas.com plants 545.htm ref and a species of chokeberry named Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa . ref http www.msue.msu.edu msue imp modzz 00000145.html ref In fact, the two plants are not close relatives within their subfamily Spiraeoideae . Characterist ... more details
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