at run time, including Array data structure , an arrangement of items at equally spaced addresses in computer memory Array data type , used in a programming language to specify a variable that can be indexed Associative array , an abstract data structure model that generalizes arrays to arbitrary indices or various kinds of the above, such as Bit array or bit vector Dynamic array , allocated at run time Parallel array of records, with each field stored as a separate array Sparse array , with most elements omitted, to store a sparse matrix Variable length array Jagged array , where the rows have different lengths individually or various related concepts Vector processor Array processor , a computer to process arrays of data not to be confused with a processor arrayArray programming , using matrix algebra notation in programs not the same as array processing Array slicing , the extraction of sub arrays of an array or also Global Arrays , a library for parallel processing Intel Array Visualizer , a piece of scientific graphics software In mathematics and statistics An array or matrix mathematics e.g. a Monge array , a Costas array A standard array in coding theory In statistics, arrays are a name for some kinds of Category Experimental design Intersection array a concept of category theory The thinned array curse or sparse array curse, a theorem about electromagnetic waves ...An array is a systematic arrangement of objects, usually in rows and columns. Specifically, it may refer ... array, such as a phased array , a tower array , etc. A speaker array, used to produce directional Sound Asynchronous array of simple processors Ball grid array , pin grid array , and land grid array , ways to connect integrated circuits Cache Array Routing Protocol CARP Color filter array , placed over an imaging array Disk array , such as the RAID Field emitter array , an electron source Gate array , including a field programmable gate array FPGA Halbach array , an arrangement of magnets ... more details
In coding theory , a standard array or Slepian array is a math q n k math by math q k math array that lists .... Definition A standard array for an n , k code is a math q n k math by math q k math array where ..., 11011 has a standard array as follows class wikitable u Zero vector 0 u 01101 10110 11011 10000 ... for the standard array had 00011 been chosen as the first coset leader of weight two, another standard array representing the code would have been constructed. Note that the first row contains ... exactly once. Constructing a standard array Because each possible vector can appear only once in a standard array some care must be taken during construction. A standard array can be created as follows ... weight not already in the array. Write this as the first entry of the next row. This vector ... different coset leaders will create a slightly different but equivalent standard array, and will not affect ... array, we first list the codewords in a row. class wikitable 0000 1011 0101 1110 We then select a vector ... the vector was already present in the array. We could, however, have chosen it as the first coset leader and constructed a different standard array. Decoding via standard array To decode a vector using a standard array, subtract the error vector or coset leader from the vector received. The result ..., 0101, 1110 , and have constructed the corresponding standard array, as shown from the example above. If we receive the vector 0110 as a message, we find that vector in the standard array. We then subtract ... 1110. Decoding via a standard array is a form of nearest neighbour decoding . In practise, decoding via a standard array requires large amounts of storage a code with 32 codewords requires a standard array with math 2 32 math entries. Other forms of decoding, such as syndrome decoding , are more efficient. Note that decoding via standard array does not guarantee that all vectors are decoded correctly. If we receive the vector 1010, using the standard array above would decode the message as 1110 ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2007 In the mathematical field of graph theory , given a distance regular graph G of diameter d , by definition there are integers b sub i sub and c sub i sub such that given any two vertices x and y in G at distance i , y has b sub i sub neighbours at distance i 1 from x and c sub i sub neighbours at distance i &minus 1 from x . The sequence b sub 0 sub , ..., b sub d &minus 1 sub c sub 1 sub , ..., c sub d sub is called the intersection array of G . External links mathworld title Intersection Array urlname IntersectionArray Category Graph theory objects Combin stub ... more details
wanted to know about line arrays and thanks for asking P3 ref Theory Pure line arraytheory is based ... to line arraytheory across all frequencies. ref http www.gtaust.com filter 06 08.shtml ref It is theoretically possible to construct an audio line array that follows the theory at low frequencies ... using classical line arraytheory. In short, the geometry of real world audio line arrays is too complicated to be modeled accurately by pure line arraytheory. ref http www.gtaust.com filter 06 ... work Line ArrayTheory publisher Meyer Sound Laboratories Inc ref Configurations Two configurations ...File JBL VerTec line arrays 4889 x 9 & 4880a subs x 4 .jpg thumb L Acoustics dV DOSC line array at a concert A line array is a loudspeaker system that is made up of a number of loudspeaker elements coupled ... line array displays a normally wide horizontal pattern useful for supplying sound to the majority ... can behave as a horizontal line array unless the signal supplied to them is adjusted delayed, polarized ... boxes to the array will also lower the frequency in which the array achieves a directional dispersion pattern. The large format line array has become the standard for large concert venues and outdoor .... The lower portion of the line array is generally curved backward to increase dispersion at the bottom of the array and allow sound to reach more audience members. Typically, cabinets used in line ... Four driver column loudspeaker polar patterns, taken at six frequencies The line array effect of the narrowing ... team talks about line array concepts ref He published his findings in his 1957 text, Acoustical Engineering. ref http www.meyersound.com support papers line array theory.htm ref Olson used line array concepts to develop the column speaker in which vertically aligned drivers in a single enclosure ... for asking P3 ref A multi band line array elements in a horizontally oriented enclosure was suggested ... JBL s development team talks about line array concepts ref However it was L Acoustics V DOSC line ... more details
over the list are slower than for a dynamic array, in theory and in practice, due to non contiguous ...File Dynamic array.svg thumb Several values are inserted at the end of a dynamic array using geometric ... size and capacity of the final array are shown. In computer science , a dynamic array , growable array , resizable array , dynamic table , or array list is a random access , variable size list ... in many modern mainstream programming languages. A dynamic array is not the same thing as a dynamic memory allocation dynamically allocated array , which is a fixed size Array data structure array whose size is fixed when the array is allocated, although a dynamic array may use such a fixed size array ... class from OpenJDK 6 . ref Bounded size dynamic arrays and capacity The simplest dynamic array is constructed by allocating a fixed size array and then dividing it into two parts the first stores the elements of the dynamic array and the second is reserved, or unused. We can then add or remove elements at the end of the dynamic array in constant time by using the reserved space, until this space is completely consumed. The number of elements used by the dynamic array contents is its logical size or size , while the size of the underlying array is called the dynamic array s capacity , which ..., the fixed size data structure suffices. This may be short sighted, when problems with the array filling up turn up later. It is best to put resize code into any array, to respond to new conditions ... array is an expensive task, typically involving copying the entire contents of the array. Geometric ..., the capacities form a geometric progression . Expanding the array by any constant proportion ensures ... Array Implementation pages 39 41 . ref ref name clrs Introduction to Algorithms chapter 17.4 Dynamic ... array has performance similar to an array, with the addition of new operations to add and remove ... in the middle of the array linear time Inserting or deleting an element at the end of the array constant ... more details
About general theory and electromagnetic phased array the ultrasonic and medical imaging application phased array ultrasonics the optical application phased array optics Image PAVE PAWS Radar Clear AFS Alaska.jpg thumb PAVE PAWS phased array radar in Alaska File Radar RAF Fylingdales.jpg thumb RAF Fylingdales ... Mammut Hoarding radar illustration.png thumb Mammut phased array radar World War II In wave theory , a phased array is an Antenna array electromagnetic array of antennas in which the relative Phase waves ... that the effective radiation pattern of the array is reinforced in a desired direction ... 027 3979.htm Definition of Phased Array . Accessed April 27, 2006. ref An antenna array is a group of multiple ... of the antenna array. Use of the term active antennas is intended to describe elements whose energy ... television antenna , which has multiple elements coupled together. History Phased array transmission ... laureates 1909 braun lecture.pdf Braun s Nobel Prize lecture. The phased array section is on pages 239 240. ref During World War II , Nobel Prize Nobel Laureate Luis Alvarez used phased array transmission ... interferometric radio antennas. In 2007 DARPA researchers announced a 16 element phased array ... Silicon Phased Array Chip Developed at UC San Diego in UCSD News reviewed 02. November 2007 ref ... pattern of the array. A phased array may be used to point a fixed radiation pattern, or to wikt ... was first demonstrated in a phased array antenna at Hughes Aircraft Company, Culver City ... Array, IRE National Convention Record, Part I Antennas and Propagation Microwaves, New York The Institute ... . The phased array is used for instance in optical communication as a wavelength selective demux splitter . For information about active as well as passive phased array radars, see also active electronically scanned array . Broadcasting In broadcast engineering , phased arrays are required to be used ... phased array longwire antenna systems may be employed by private radio enthusiasts to receive longwave ... more details
Citation style date September 2009 The parametric array is a nonlinear transducer transduction mechanism that generates narrow, nearly sidelobe free beams of low frequency sound, through the mixing and interaction of high frequency sound wave s, effectively overcoming the diffraction limit a kind of spatial uncertainty principle associated with linear acoustics. ref cite book last Beyer first Robert ... array in air ref and earth materials rock. ref http dx.doi.org 10.1121 1.403453 Finite amplitude ... of the parametric array owes to Peter Westervelt Peter J. Westervelt , ref http scitation.aip.org ... Peter Westervelt and the parametric array ref winner of the Lord Rayleigh Medal ref http www.ioa.org.uk ... 554 and Albers 17 , the concept for the parametric array occurred to Dr. Westervelt while he was stationed ... by Captain H.J. Round British pioneer of the superheterodyne receiver via the parametric array mechanism. The phenomenon of the parametric array,seen first experimentally by Westervelt in the 1950s ... s theory of sound generation and scattering in nonlinear acoustics nonlinear acoustic ref ... for fluid particle motion. The application of Lighthill s theory to the nonlinear acoustic realm ... Lemelson MIT Prize MIT Lemelson Prize for his application of the parametric array to commercial ..., A General Theory for the Scattering of Sound by Sound , Journal of Sound and Vibration 1981 , 76 2 , 179 186. 2 Peter J. Westervelt, Parametric Acoustic Array , Journal of the Acoustical Society of America ... Science Ltd., London 1993 7 Harvey C. Woodsum, Analytical and Numerical Solutions to the General Theory ... Acoustics, AIP Press NY , 2006 Comparison of Nonlinear Acoustic Experiments with a Formal Theory for the Scattering ..., Quantum Mode Coupling and Quantum Theory of Interacting Phonons , Physics Letters Vol. 83A, No. 3 ... Imaging Computed Tomography by Parametric Acoustic Array Y. Nakagawa M. Nakagawa M. Yoneyama M. Kikuchi IEEE 1984 Ultrasonics Symposium Volume , Issue , 1984 Page s 673 676 DEFAULTSORT Parametric Array ... more details
In experiments in which additional factors are not likely to interact with any of the other factors, a saturated array can be used. In a saturated matrix mathematics array , a controllable design of experiments factor is substituted for the interaction of two or more by products. Using a saturated array, a two factor test matrix could be used to test three factors. Using the saturated array allows three factors to be tested in four tests rather than in eight, as would be required by a standard orthogonality orthogonal array. statistics stub Category Design of experiments ... more details
multiple issues confusing January 2010 notability January 2010 unreferenced January 2010 orphan July 2010 wikify January 2011 Control Array mostly used in Visual Basic is the collection of controls that programmer put it in form VB Form . Control array is always a single dimensional Array data structure array . Control array is that you can add or delete array elements at run time. With some controls, it is very useful to define control arrays it depends on the application. Control arrays are a convenient way to handle groups of controls that perform a similar function. All of the events available to the single control are still available to the array of controls, the only difference being an argument indicating the index of the selected array element is passed to the event. Hence, instead of writing individual procedures for each control i.e. not using control arrays , you only have to write one procedure for each array. Category BASIC programming language family ... more details
In mathematics, a Costas array can be regarded geometry geometrically as a set of n points lying on the Square geometry square s of a n × n checkerboard , such that each row or column contains only one point, and that all of the n n &minus 1 2 displacement vector displacement vector geometric vector s between each pair of dots are distinct. This results in an ideal thumbtack auto ambiguity function , making the arrays useful in applications such as sonar and radar . Costas arrays can be regarded as two dimensional cousins of the one dimensional Golomb ruler construction, and, as well ... array radar engineering. Costas arrays are named after John P. Costas engineer John P. Costas , who ... A Costas array may be represented numerically as an n × n array of numbers, where ... it is given that any column has only one point, it is possible to represent an array one dimensionally. For instance, the following is a valid Costas Array of order N 4 class wikitable ... in the set would then be the x coordinate. Observe 2,1,3,4 would describe the aforementioned array ... known as finite field theory. The following table describes all possible Costas arrays of size ... array , or just Welch array, is a Costas array generated using the following method, first discovered by Edgar Gilbert in 1965 and rediscovered in 1982 by Lloyd R. Welch . The Welch Costas array is constructed ... the array A by math A i,j 1 math if math i equiv g j bmod p math , otherwise 0. The result is a Costas array of size p &minus 1. Example 3 is a primitive element of 5. 3 1 3 3 2 9 4 mod 5 ... Welch array. The transposition of the array is a logarithmic Welch array. The number ... alpha i beta j 1 math , otherwise 0. The result is a Costas array of size q &minus 2. If 1 then the first row and column may be deleted to form another Costas array ... 3rd isbn 0 387 20860 7 publisher Springer Verlag title Unsolved Problems in Number Theory year ... more details
array is an Array data structure array in which most of the elements have the same value known ... array is inefficient for both computation and storage. An array in which there are a large number ... from an empty array position. If we do this, then for array of numbers, it should return zero, and for array of objects, it should return null. A naive implementation of an array may allocate space for the entire array, but in the case where there are few non default values, this implementation is inefficient. Typically the algorithm used instead of an ordinary array is determined by other known features or statistical features of the array for instance, if the sparsity is known in advance, or if the elements ... storing all of the allocated regions in, say a bit array . so what? blank space is not an indexed array sparse or not , indeed Representation Sparse Array can be represented as Sparse Array pos1 val1, pos2 val2,... or br Sparse Array pos1, pos2,... val1, val2,... which yields a sparse array in which values math val i math appear at positions math pos i math . Sparse Array as Linked List An obvious question that might be asked is why we need a linked list to represent a sparse array if we can represent it easily using a normal array. The answer to this question lies in the fact that while representing a sparse array as a normal array, a lot of space is allocated for zero or null elements. For example, consider the following array declaration br double arr 1000 1000 br When we define this array as enough space of 1,000,000 doubles is allocated. As each double requires 8 bytes of memory, this array will require 8 million bytes of memory. Because this is a sparse array, most of its elements will have a value of zero or null . Hence, defining this array will soak up all this space which will result in wastage of memory. An effective way to overcome this problem is to represent the array ..., when a linked list is used, the array elements can be accessed through fewer iterations than in a normal ... more details
orphan date December 2008 For the DVD magazine, see Array DVD magazine Deleted image removed Image ARRAY magazine.jpg right 150px ARRAY Magazine is a New York based interior design, lifestyle and culture quarterly magazine sponsored by the New York Design Center . It has been published since the winter of 2003 2004. With 40,000 readers, ARRAY is geared toward interior design professionals and their clients. External links http www.arrayny.com ARRAY Homepage Category Interior design Category Quarterly magazines Category Media in New York City Category Publications established in 2003 Category Magazines published in New York art mag stub hu ARRAY Magazine ... more details
refimprove date December 2010 A bit array also known as a bitmap , a bitset , or a bitstring is an array data structure that compactly stores individual bits boolean value s . It implements a simple set data structure storing a subset of 1,2,..., n and is effective at exploiting bit level parallelism in hardware to perform operations quickly. A typical bit array stores kw bits, where w is the number ... number of places, as well as bitwise negation if necessary. We can view a bit array as a subset ... size representing sets, we can compute their union set theory union , intersection set theory intersection , and complement set theory set theoretic difference using n w simple bit operations ... array, we can do this efficiently using a doubly nested loop that loops through each word, one at a time ... of 1 bits in a bit array, sometimes called the population count or Hamming weight, there are efficient ..., sorting a bit array is trivial to do in O n time using counting sort &mdash we count the number .... When a priority queue is stored in a bit array, find first one can be used to identify the highest ... base 2 see find first set can also be extended to a bit array in a straightforward manner. Compression ..., compressed bit arrays, Judy array s, trie s, or even Bloom filter s should be considered instead ... access is more common than sequential and the array is relatively small, a byte array may be preferable on a machine with byte addressing. A word array, however, is probably not justified due to the huge ... unary coding , the result is a bit array with a 1 bit in the n th position if and only if n is in the list ... Javadoc SE java util BitSet creates a bit array that is then manipulated with functions named after ... functions and operators, including shift and rotate operations and an unboxed array over boolean values may be used to model a Bit array, although this lacks support from the former module. In Perl ... or code Bignum code using the bracket operator code code , as if it were an array of bits. Apple s Core ... more details
File Aerial antenna.JPG thumb right 250px A multiband US television reception antenna Antenna array may refer to Antenna array electromagnetic a group of isotropic radiators such that the currents running through them are of different amplitudes and phases Interferometry Interferometric array of radio telescopes used in radio astronomy Phased array , also known as a smart antenna , an electronically steerable directional antenna typically used in Radar and in wireless communication systems, in view to achieve beamforming , multiple input and multiple output MIMO communication or space time coding Directional array refers to multiple antennas arranged such that the superposition of the electromagnetic waves produce a predictable electromagnetic field. Direction finding Watson Watt .2F Adcock antenna array Watson Watt Adcock antenna array the Watson Watt technique uses two Adcock antenna pairs to perform an amplitude comparison on the incoming signal. References reflist disambig ... more details
In computer architecture , a systolic array is a pipe network arrangement of processing units called ... array is composed of matrix like rows of data processing units called cells. Data processing units ... of a program counter , ref The Paracel GeneMatcher series of systolic array processors do have a program ... immediately after processing. The systolic array is often rectangular where data flows across the array ... streams entering and leaving the ports of the array are generated by auto sequencing memory units, ASMs ... . One matrix math matrix is fed in a row at a time from the top of the array and is passed down the array, the other matrix is fed in a column at a time from the left hand side of the array ... whole row and one whole column. At this point, the result of the multiplication is stored in the array and can now be output a row or a column at a time, flowing down or across the array. ref http web.cecs.pdx.edu mperkows temp May22 0020.Matrix multiplication systolic.pdf Systolic Array Matrix Multiplication ... them. Because the traditional systolic array synthesis methods have been practiced by algebraic ... with asynchronous handshake between DPUs are called wavefront arrays . One well known systolic array ... system has a linear array processor connected by data buses going in both directions. History The systolic array paradigm, data stream driven by data counters, is the counterpart of the von Neumann architecture ... array usually sends and receives multiple data streams, and multiple data counters are needed to generate ... 2 x a n 3 x ... a 1 x a 0 math A linear systolic array in which the processors are arranged in pairs ... Highly specialized for particular applications Difficult to build Super Systolic Array The super systolic array is a generalization of the systolic array. Because the classical synthesis methods ... array the super systolic array. Its application is not restricted to applications with regular ... array. More information about the background may be obtained from the articles about Systolic array ... more details
In MIMO communication systems, array gain means a power gain of transmitted signals that is achieved by using multiple antennas at transmitter and or receiver, with respect to Single Input and Single Output SISO case. It can be simply called power gain . In a broadside array, the array gain is almost exactly proportional to the length of the array. This is the almost always the case provided that the elements of the antenna are not spaced to a point at which large radiation side lobs form in other directions and that the array length exceeds one or two wavelengths. The power gain of a broadside array is nearly independent of the number of broadside elements as long as both of these conditions are met. ref http www.smeter.net daily facts 12 fact5.php ref The two main types of array gain when combining signals are average power of combined signals relative to the individual average power and the diversity gain related to the probability level of outage. The diversity gain is dependent on spacial correlation coefficients between antenna signals. ref Andersen, J.B. , Array gain and capacity for known random channels with multiple element arrays at both ends, Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on , vol.18, no.11, pp.2172 2178, Nov 2000 doi 10.1109 49.895022 ref Applications In radio astronomy because of background noise from modern communications it is difficult to achieve a good signal to noise ratio. Even for strong astronomical radio emission it is typical for SNR levels to be below 0 decibel. To counter this problem exposure of the antenna to the source over large periods of time are needed just as in visible sky viewing. Array gain is done by using multiple, even dozens of radio receivers to collect as much signal as possible. Robots equipped with antenna arrays have better communication using array gain to eradicate dead spots and reduce interferences. ref Hambling, David. Robots fall into line with the help of sparse array antenna. New Scientist 207 2010 ... more details
Array processing is signal processing of the outputs of an array of sensor s to Enhance the SINR signal to interference plus noise ratio SINR compared to that of a single sensor using conventional or adaptive beamforming . Determine the number of emitting sources, the locations of these sources, their waveforms , and other signal parameters. Track multiple moving sources. Array processing is used in radar ... of using array processing along with an array of sensors is a smaller foot print. The problems associated with array processing include the number of sources used, their direction of arrival s, and their signal ... 13 Array Processing lecture13 lecture13.pdf Spatial Array Processing . Signal and Image Processing Seminar. University of Texas at Austin. ref There are four assumptions in array processing. The first ... medium. The second assumption is that for far field array processing, the radius of propagation is much greater than size of the array and that there is plane wave propagation. The third assumption is that there is a zero ... bevans courses ee381k lectures 13 Array Processing lecture13 lecture13.pdf Spatial Array Processing ... of time are needed just as in visible sky viewing. Array gain is done by using multiple, even dozens ... research facility that was founded in Norway in 1968. NORSAR has been working with array processing ... seismic stations around the world. NORSAR has ongoing work to improve array processing to improve ... 83 Improving IMS array processing.aspx ref See also Phased Array Space Time Adaptive Processing References reflist cite book title Array Signal Processing last1 Johnson first1 D. H. last2 Dudgeon first2 D. E. year 1993 publisher Prentice Hall cite book first1 H. L. last1 Van Trees title Optimum Array .... last2 Viberg url http www.vissta.ncsu.edu publications ahk spm1996.pdf title Two Decades of Array ... accessdate 8 December 2010 S. Haykin and K.J.R. Liu Editors , Handbook on Array Processing and Sensor ... Smart Antennas slides proj sem.pdf array processing courseware DEFAULTSORT Array Processing Category ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Context date October 2009 A processor array is like a storage array but contains and manages Process computing processing elements instead of storage elements. The processor array should have the following characteristics Should support forty or more processing elements blades per chassis The chassis should support the use of commodity motherboard s The chassis should only backplane power and management capabilities to extend the life of the chassis and reduce chassis change costs Will provide end to end redundant power Each processing element should support two or more redundant virtualized I O connections See also Computer cluster Distributed computing Massively parallel processor array Blade server Category Concurrent computing Category Fault tolerant computer systems tech stub ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 In broadcast engineering , directional array refers to an Antenna array electromagnetic antenna array arranged such that the Superposition principle superposition of the electromagnetic wave s produce a predictable electromagnetic field . By spacing 2 or more antenna elements apart, changing the length of the transmission line from the transmitter , varying the power output, and shifting the Phase waves phase , radio Broadcasting broadcasters can shape the area of signal coverage. Geographically close Co channel interference co channel or adjacent channel stations employ directional arrays or a single directional antenna so that other broadcasters may utilize the same or adjacent frequency . In the United States , the Federal Communications Commission offers a first come, first served approach, meaning licenses granted on co channel or adjacent channels must protect the service contour of the previously licensed facility, thus, a directional array may be used to shape the station around existing facilities. DEFAULTSORT Directional Array Category Broadcast engineering Category Radio frequency antenna types pl Szyki kierunkowe Telecomm stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A macrocell array is an approach to the design and manufacture of Application specific integrated circuit ASIC s. Essentially, it is a small step up from the otherwise similar gate array , but rather than being a prefabricated array of simple logic gates, the macrocell array is a prefabricated array of higher level logic functions such as Flip flop electronics flip flop s, Arithmetic logic unit ALU functions, Hardware register register s, and the like. These logic functions are simply placed at regular predefined positions and manufactured on a wafer electronics wafer , usually called master slice . Creation of a circuit with a specified function is accomplished by adding metal interconnects to the chips on the master slice late in the manufacturing process, allowing the function of the chip to be customised as desired. Macrocell array master slices are usually prefabricated and stockpiled in large quantities regardless of customer orders. The fabrication according to the individual customer specifications may be finished in a shorter time compared with standard cell or full custom design. The macrocell array approach reduces the Photomask mask costs since fewer custom masks need to be produced. In addition manufacturing test tooling lead time and costs are reduced since the same test fixtures may be used for all macrocell array products manufactured on the same die manufacturing die size. Drawbacks are somewhat low density and performance than other approaches to ASIC design. However this style is often a viable approach for low production volumes. DEFAULTSORT Macrocell Array Category Gate arrays es Matriz de macroc lulas ru ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 An extrachromosomal array is a method for mosaic analysis in genetics . It is a cosmid , and contains two functioning wild type closely linked genes a gene of interest and a mosaic marker . Such an array is injected into germ line cells, which already contain mutant specifically, loss of function alleles of all three genes in their chromosome chromosomal DNA . The cosmid, which is not packed correctly during mitosis , is occasionally present in only one daughter cell following cell division. The daughter cell containing the array expresses the gene of interest the cell lacking the array does not. The mosaic marker is a gene which exhibits a visible phenotype change between the functioning and non functioning alleles. For example, ncl 1 , located in chromosomal DNA, exhibits a larger nucleolus than the wild type allele, which is in the array. Thus, cells which exhibit larger nucleoli have usually not retained the extrachromosomal array. The gene of interest is the target of the mosaic analysis. Cells lacking the extrachromosomal array also lack the functional gene of interest. Cells which develop normally without the array do not require the gene of interest for normal function. Cells which do not develop normally are said to require the gene. In this way, those cell lineages which require a specific gene can be identified. Extrachromosomal arrays replace an earlier technique involving a duplicated piece of chromosome called a free duplication . The latter technique required that the gene of interest and the mosaic marker be closely linked on the duplication the former allows free choice of mosaic marker and target gene. References Miller LM, Waring DA, Kim SK 1996 . Mosaic analysis using a ncl 1 extrachromosomal array reveals that lin 31 acts in the Pn.p cells during Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development. Genetics 143 3 1181 1191. Category Genetics genetics stub ... more details
A Commission of Array was a Letters patent commission given by England English royalty to officers or gentry in a given territory to muster and array the inhabitants and to see them in a condition for war, or to put soldier s of a country in a condition for military service. The term arrayers is used in some ancient English statutes, for an officer who had a Commission of Array. Commissions of array developed from the ancient obligation of all free men to defend their country. Commissioners were usually experienced soldiers, appointed by the crown to array able bodied men from each shire. By the time of the Wars of the Roses conscript levies were less important than troops raised by indenture . Though obsolete by the 17th century, the system was revived by Charles I of England Charles I in 1642 in opposition to the 1641 Militia Ordinance that gave Parliament of England Parliament control of raising troops in order to muster a Cavalier Royalist army at the onset of the English Civil War . See also Arrayer Posse comitatus common law Posse comitatus References 1828 Webster s Dictionary 1728 http digicoll.library.wisc.edu cgi bin HistSciTech HistSciTech idx?type turn&entity HistSciTech000900240187&isize L DEFAULTSORT Commission Of Array Category English Civil War Category Military history of the United Kingdom Category Military command staff occupations Mil hist stub England hist stub th ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 context October 2009 Image HP HASS NIKE.jpg thumb Hewlett Packard disk arrays HASS top and NIKE OEM d Data General SCSI Clariion Image EMC Clariion CX500.jpg thumb EMC Corporation EMC CLARiiON CX500 Cover removed on one Shelf Image EMC Symmetrix DMX1000 Front.jpg thumb EMC Corporation EMC Symmetrix DMX1000 A disk array is a disk storage system which contains multiple disk drive s. It is differentiated from a disk enclosure , in that an array has cache computing cache memory and advanced functionality, like redundant array of independent disks RAID and Storage virtualization virtualization . Components of a typical disk array include Disk array controller s Cache computing Cache memories Disk enclosure s Power supply Power supplies Typically a disk array provides increased availability, resiliency and maintainability by using additional, redundant components controllers, power supplies, fans, etc. , often up to the point when all single point of failure single points of failure SPOFs are eliminated from the design. Additionally those components are often hot swappable. Typically, disk arrays are divided into categories Network attached storage NAS arrays storage area network SAN arrays Modular SAN arrays Monolithic SAN arrays Utility Storage Arrays Storage virtualization DEFAULTSORT Disk Array Category Computer storage Category Fault tolerant computer systems Category RAID de Disk Array fr Baie de stockage ja pl Macierz dyskowa ru ... more details
Unsourced image removed Image Antenna flat panel.png thumb 400px A planar array fractal antenna In telecommunication s and radar , a planar array is an antenna electronics antenna in which all of the elements, both driven element active and passive radiator parasitic , are in one plane. A planar array provides a large aperture antenna aperture and may be used for directional Light beam beam control by varying the relative phase waves phase of each element. A planar array may be used with a reflecting screen behind the active plane. ref FS1037C MS188 ref A planar array with a reflecting screen is related to a Radar absorbent material radar absorber . Both are supposed not to reflect incoming radiation of the desired wavelength. Radar absorbers have the advantage that they can use magnetic materials to avoid reflections at the interface to air at least for some frequencies. For antennas to be broadband, the transition from air vacuum to the metal of the screen has to be a gradual one. Radar absorbers have the advantage that they do not have to collect the received energy. The antenna needs a Three dimensional space 3D tree of twin lead s and choke electronics chokes to connect a single cable to a large number of micro antennas. Micro dipole antennas are only resonant at a single high frequency, to be broadband the arms of adjoining antennas have to be connected. Footnotes reflist Category Radio frequency antenna types electronics stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 A tower array is an arrangement of multiple Radio masts and towers radio tower s which are mast radiator s in a phased array . Tower arrays can consist of free standing or guyed towers or a mix of them. Tower arrays are used to constitute a directional antenna of a mediumwave or longwave radio station . The number of towers in a tower array can vary. In many arrays all towers have the same height, but there are also arrays of towers of different height. The arrangement can vary. For directional antennas with fixed radiation pattern , linear arrangements are preferred, while for switchable directional patterns usually for daytime groundwave versus nighttime skywave , square arrangements are chosen. Examples Tower arrays with guyed masts Longwave transmitter Europe 1 Transmitter Weisskirchen Beidweiler Longwave Transmitter Transmitter Wachenbrunn Transmitter Ismaning VoA Station Tower arrays with free standing towers Junglinster Longwave Transmitter Orfordness transmitting station See also Twin Towers disambiguation directional antenna longwave mediumwave directional array References reflist DEFAULTSORT Tower Array Category Broadcast engineering Category Telecommunications equipment Category Telecommunications infrastructure Category Communication towers Category Radio frequency antenna types Mast stub ... more details
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