Infobox programming language name Global Arrays GA logo paradigm parallel programming parallel , Message Passing Interface One sided communication one sided message passing , imperative programming imperative Procedural programming procedural , structured programming structured year 1994 designer developer latest release version 5.1 release date 2012 2 7 typing static typing static , weak typing weak implementations dialects influenced by influenced operating system Cross platform website URL 1 http www.emsl.pnl.gov docs global file ext Global Arrays , or GA, is the library developed by scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for parallel computing. GA provides a friendly API for shared memory programming on distributed memory computers for multidimensional arrays. The GA library is a predecessor to the GAS global address space languages currently being developed for high performance computing. ref cite journal last1 Nieplocha first1 Jarek last2 Harrison first2 Robert journal The Journal of Supercomputing volume 11 pages 119 year 1997 doi 10.1023 A 1007955822788 issue 2 ref ref cite journal last1 Nieplocha first1 Jarek title Advances, Applications and Performance of the Global Arrays Shared Memory Programming Toolkit journal International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications volume 20 pages 203 year 2006 doi 10.1177 1094342006064503 issue 2 ref ref cite journal last1 Nieplocha first1 Jaroslaw last2 Harrison first2 Robert J. last3 Littlefield first3 Richard J. title Global arrays A nonuniform memory access programming model for high performance computers journal The Journal of Supercomputing volume 10 year 1996 doi 10.1007 BF00130708 issue 2 ref ref ... 226966397 chapter Towards Fault Resilient Global Arrays series Advances in Parallel Computing last1 ... Memory Copy Interface ARMCI , and functionality for out of core storage of arrays ChemIO . Although ... See also Portal Free software http www.emsl.pnl.gov docs global Global Arrays Home Page http www.emsl.pnl.gov ... more details
Focal Plane Arrays are arrays of Receiver radio receivers placed at the focus of a radio telescope . Traditional radio telescopes have only one receiver at the focus of the telescope, but radio telescopes are now starting to be equipped with focal plane arrays, which are of three different types multi beam feed arrays, bolometer arrays, and the experimental phased array feeds. Multi beam feed arrays Multi beam feed arrays incorporate several distinct heterodyne Superheterodyne receiver receivers, each with its own feed horn , in a small array at the focus of the radio telescope . A feed array with n receivers will increase the survey speed of the telescope by a factor n, making them very powerful survey instruments. Because radio wavelengths are large, the resulting feed arrays are amongst the largest radio astronomy receivers ever built. Examples include the multi beam arrays ref http www.atnf.csiro.au research multibeam Parkes Multibeam ref ref http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 2007IAUS..237..403C ref on the Parkes Observatory , and the ALFA ref http www.naic.edu alfa ALFA ref array at Arecibo Observatory , both of which have been used for major pulsar and Hydrogen line studies, such as HIPASS . Bolometer Arrays Bolometer arrays are arrays of bolometer receivers which measure the energy of incoming radio photons. They are typically used for astronomy at millimeter wavelengths. Examples include the Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array SCUBA receiver on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope and the LABOCA ref http www.mpifr bonn.mpg.de staff gsiringo laboca laboca at the mpifr bolometer group.html LABOCA ref instrument on the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment APEX telescope. Phased Array Feeds Phased Array Feeds are an experimental type of focal plane array using Phased array technology in which heterodyne receivers are closely spaced so that they do not act independently, but instead act as sensors of the electromagnetic field across the array of the incoming radio waves. The outputs ... more details
Micro Arrays for Mass Spectrometry MAMS introduced by the group of Renato Zenobi in 2010 is an analytical platform for high throughput analysis of single Cell biology cells and other low volume samples by mass spectrometry . It involves unsupervised aliquoting of cell suspension into discrete recipient sites. The aliquoting effect is achieved due to the differences in wettability of the recipient sites and the surrounding area. References See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist High density micro arrays for mass spectrometry http pubs.rsc.org en Content ArticleLanding 2010 LC C0LC00211A Carbon 13 labelling strategy for studying the ATP metabolism in individual yeast cells by micro arrays for mass spectrometry http pubs.rsc.org en content articlelanding 2011 MB C1MB05248A Categories Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Mass spectrometry Sci stub ... more details
Orphan date April 2012 Diversity Arrays Technology DArT is the name of a technology used in molecular genetics to develop sequence marker s for genotyping and other genetics genetic analysis. DArT is based on microarray hybridizations that detect the presence versus absence of individual fragments in genomic representations. ref cite journal author Jaccoud D, Peng K, Feinstein D, Kilian A title Diversity arrays a solid state technology for sequence information independent genotyping journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 29 issue 4 pages E25 year 2001 month February pmid 11160945 pmc 29632 doi 10.1093 nar 29.4.e25 url ref The technology has significant advantages over other array based Single nucleotide polymorphism detection technologies in the analysis of polyploid plants. ref cite journal author Wenzl P, Carling J, Kudrna D, et al. title Diversity Arrays Technology DArT for whole genome profiling of barley journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 101 issue 26 pages 9915 20 year 2004 month June pmid 15192146 pmc 470773 doi 10.1073 pnas.0401076101 url http www.pnas.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 15192146 ref External resources http www.diversityarrays.com applicationsdart.html Applications of DArT . http www.diversityarrays.com molecularprincip.html Description of the technology . References references Category Genetics Category Molecular genetics genetics stub ... more details
Microstructured optical arrays MOAs are instruments for focusing x ray optics x ray s. MOAs utilise total external reflection at Angle of incidence Grazing angle grazing incidence from an array of small channels in order to bring x rays to a common focus optics focus . This method of focusing means that MOAs exhibit low Absorption electromagnetic radiation absorption . MOAs are used in applications which require x ray focal spots in the order of few micrometers or below, such as radiobiology of individual cells. Current MOA based focusing optics designs have two consecutive array components in order to reduce Coma optics comatic aberration . Properties Image MOA config 1.jpg thumb 300px Fig. 1 MOA with second component compressed. MOAs are achromatic which means the focal properties do not change for radiation of different wavelengths as they utilize grazing incidence reflection. This means that they are able to focus chromatic radiation to a common point unlike zone plate s. MOAs are also adjustable as the optic can be compressed in order to alter the focal properties such as focal length . Focal length can be calculated for the system in fig. 1 using the geometry shown in fig. 2 where it can be seen that changing the gap between the components d D in the figure or the radius of curvature R will have a large effect on the focal length. Image MOA config 1 geometry2.jpg thumb 300px Fig. 2 Geometry of MOA in configuration shown in fig. 1. MOAs have been used in configurations shown in figs. 1 & 3 whereby one or both components can be adjusted. This has varying effects on the focal properties, in general it has been found that smaller focal spot sizes are apparent when MOAs are used as shown in fig. 1 with only the second component adjusted. Image MOA config 2.jpg thumb 300px ... shown in fig. 2. Manufacturing Current microstructured optical arrays are composed of silicon ... article&id 111&Itemid 127&lang en sprache titel Microstructured optical arrays werk datum ... more details
VAO may mean Eastern Administrative Okrug of Moscow lang ru . Vienna Art Orchestra Vertex Arrays Object, an OpenGL feature similar to Vertex Buffer Object VBO and Vertex Arrays. disambig ... more details
Focal Plane Array may refer to Staring array , a focal plane array used in optics Focal Plane Arrays , a focal plane array used in a radio telescope disambiguation ... more details
Before the HRS antenna became the default design for high power broadcasting in the 1950s, Sterba curtains were used. Sterba curtains are modest gain single band curtain array antennas. They are named after Ernest J. Sterba, who developed a simple shortwave curtain array for Bell Labs in the 1930s. ref http www.aktuellum.com circuits antenna patent patents 1885151.pdf ref Sterba curtain arrays are described in William I. Orr William Orr s Radio Handbook. There are multiple feed arrangements for the Sterba curtain arrays, as with HRS type antennas. However, Sterba arrays provide a very limited gain bandwidth system for the demands of modern shortwave broadcasting systems. Sterba curtain arrays preceded HRS type antennas by less than a decade. Only about 1 of high power HF broadcasting antennas in use in the 2000s are Sterba type curtain arrays. It is expected that by 2020 that all Sterba type curtain arrays will have been decommissioned. Amateur Radio operators do still build Sterba curtain arrays. ref http www.hamuniverse.com sturba.html ref It can be argued that since amateur radio transmissions only take place in narrow bands, then a Sterba array remains a decent solution for their needs. References Reflist Category Radio frequency antenna types ... more details
allocation Judy arrays are designed to be unbounded arrays and therefore their sizes are not pre allocated ... population in the Judy array. Speed Judy arrays are designed to keep the number of processor ... this goal as often as possible. Due to these CPU cache cache optimizations, Judy arrays are fast, sometimes even faster than a hash table , especially for very big datasets. Despite Judy arrays ... tables. Drawbacks Judy arrays appear to be the subject of US patent 6735595. ref http www.google.com patents US6735595 ref References reflist External links http judy.sourceforge.net Main Judy arrays site http judy.sourceforge.net downloads 10minutes.htm How Judy arrays work and why they are so fast http judy.sourceforge.net application shop interm.pdf A complete technical description of Judy arrays ... http code.google.com p judyarray A compact implementation of Judy arrays in 1K lines of C code Category Arrays datastructure stub th ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 A tower array is an arrangement of multiple Radio masts and towers radio tower s which are mast radiator s in a phased array . Tower arrays can consist of free standing or guyed towers or a mix of them. Tower arrays are used to constitute a directional antenna of a mediumwave or longwave radio station . The number of towers in a tower array can vary. In many arrays all towers have the same height, but there are also arrays of towers of different height. The arrangement can vary. For directional antennas with fixed radiation pattern , linear arrangements are preferred, while for switchable directional patterns usually for daytime groundwave versus nighttime skywave , square arrangements are chosen. Examples Tower arrays with guyed masts Longwave transmitter Europe 1 Transmitter Weisskirchen Beidweiler Longwave Transmitter Transmitter Wachenbrunn Transmitter Ismaning VoA Station Tower arrays with free standing towers Junglinster Longwave Transmitter Orfordness transmitting station See also Twin Towers disambiguation directional antenna longwave mediumwave directional array References reflist DEFAULTSORT Tower Array Category Broadcast engineering Category Telecommunications equipment Category Telecommunications infrastructure Category Communication towers Category Radio frequency antenna types Mast stub ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 context October 2009 Image HP HASS NIKE.jpg thumb Hewlett Packard disk arrays HASS top and NIKE OEM d Data General SCSI Clariion Image EMC Clariion CX500.jpg thumb EMC Corporation EMC CLARiiON CX500 Cover removed on one Shelf Image EMC Symmetrix DMX1000 Front.jpg thumb EMC Corporation EMC Symmetrix DMX1000 A disk array is a disk storage system which contains multiple disk drive s. It is differentiated from a disk enclosure , in that an array has cache computing cache memory and advanced functionality, like redundant array of independent disks RAID and Storage virtualization virtualization . Components of a typical disk array include Disk array controller s Cache computing Cache memories Disk enclosure s Power supply Power supplies Typically a disk array provides increased availability, resiliency and maintainability by using additional, redundant components controllers, power supplies, fans, etc. , often up to the point when all single point of failure single points of failure SPOFs are eliminated from the design. Additionally those components are often hot swappable. Typically, disk arrays are divided into categories Network attached storage NAS arrays storage area network SAN arrays Modular SAN arrays Monolithic SAN arrays Utility Storage Arrays Storage virtualization DEFAULTSORT Disk Array Category Computer storage Category Fault tolerant computer systems Category RAID de Disk Array fr Baie de stockage ja pl Macierz dyskowa ru ... more details
multiple issues confusing January 2010 notability January 2010 unreferenced January 2010 orphan July 2010 wikify January 2011 Control Array mostly used in Visual Basic is the collection of controls that programmer put it in form VB Form . Control array is always a single dimensional Array data structure array . Control array is that you can add or delete array elements at run time. With some controls, it is very useful to define control arrays it depends on the application. Control arrays are a convenient way to handle groups of controls that perform a similar function. All of the events available to the single control are still available to the array of controls, the only difference being an argument indicating the index of the selected array element is passed to the event. Hence, instead of writing individual procedures for each control i.e. not using control arrays , you only have to write one procedure for each array. Category BASIC programming language family ... more details
Atomic Terrace Low Angle Shadowing ATLAS is a technique for the fabrication of material independent planar arrays of nanowire s. ref Cite journal last1 Cuccureddu first1 F. last2 Usov first2 V. last3 Murphy first3 S. last4 Coileain first4 C.O. last5 Shvets first5 I. title Planar nanowire arrays formed by atomic terrace low angle shadowing journal Review of Scientific Instruments volume 79 issue 5 pages publisher American Institute of Physics date 20 May 2008 url http link.aip.org link doi 10.1063 1.2929835 issn 0034 6748 doi 10.1063 1.2929835 ref The technique involves the low angle incidence of flux material on vicinal substrates. Vicinal Thin film substrates comprise of atomic terraces separated by atomic steps. The ATLAS technique allows for the fabrication of well defined planar arrays of plasmon ic nanostructure s, of dimensions unachievable by lithography . References reflist Category Physics Category Nanotechnology ... more details
Fill factor may refer to Fill factor solar cell , the ratio of maximum obtainable power to the product of the open circuit voltage and short circuit current In vision science , the ratio of view areas to the object visible areas. For optical microlens arrays, the ratio of the active refracting area to the total contiguous area occupied by the lens array. disambiguation ... more details
John Costas may refer to John P. Costas engineer born 1923, died 2008 , American engineer responsible for inventing the Costas loop and Costas arrays John P. Costas business born 1957 , American businessman and former head of UBS Investment Bank and Dillon Read Capital Management hndis Costas, John ... more details
no footnotes date November 2011 Sensitive skin , also known aedings of the United States United States National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Sciences . At this point they have shown pressure and temperature measurements at a resolution of a few millimeters. The sensor arrays are based on many organic thin film transistors that are turned on one at a time and the current that flows through the sensor electrical resistance based tells you how much pressure is being sensed. They have simultaneously measured pressure and temperature by using two separate arrays and laying one on top of another. References http www.ntech.t.u tokyo.ac.jp Archive Archive download Archive download en.html skin Takao Someya Group at University of Tokyo Category Robotic sensing Category Medical equipment ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date August 2007 Transistor arrays are used for general purpose applications, function generation and low level, low noise amplifier s. They include two or more transistors on a common Wafer electronics substrate to ensure close parameter matching and thermal tracking, characteristics that are especially important for long tailed pair differential amplifier s. Transistor arrays comprise if multiple transistor in one package and help to improve the mounting density and reduce the mounting cost of discrete transistor employed for driving low power out put devices such as relays bulbs. Category Electronic circuits Electronics stub ... more details
ALGOL 68S ref name SIGPLAN A Sublanguage of ALGOL 68 , P.G. Hibbard, SIGPLAN Notices 12 5 , May 1977 ref was designed as a subset of ALGOL 68 in order to permit single pass compilation. It was mostly for numerical computation. Implementations A compiler for ALGOL 68S was available for the PDP 11 , written in BLISS programming language BLISS . The multiprocessor version designed for the C.mmp ref name Cmmp http vestein.arb phys.uni dortmund.de wb a68s.txt Description of C.mmp A68S implementation. ref has been preserved at the PUPS archive of the PDP11 Unix Heritage society, c.f. http www.tuhs.org Archive PDP 11 Applications algol68.tar.gz . Charles H. Lindsey has another ALGOL 68 implementation called ALGOL 68S for Sun3 , Sun Sparc under SunOS 4.1 , Sun Sparc under Solaris operating system Solaris 2 , Atari ST under Atari ST GEMDOS and Acorn Archimedes under RISC OS , c.f. http www.cs.man.ac.uk chl ALGOL 2068 Chief differences from ALGOL 68 no union no flex but string s are handled specially no arrays inside structures but references to arrays would be allowed and a similar restriction on arrays of arrays multidimensional arrays are nonetheless permitted limitations on use of long and short to facilitate implementation on small computers no heap no parallel processing restrictions on the order of declaration and other small syntactic differences to make single pass compilation possible no format s summarised from Appendix 4 of the Informal Introduction ref name II Informal Introduction to Algol 68 , C.H. Lindsey and S.G. van der Meulen, North Holland 1977 ref References references DEFAULTSORT Algol 68s Category ALGOL 68 implementation Subset compu lang stub ... more details
sometimes used in sun slicer mode, the arrays are oriented edge on to the direction of travel ... the full power available. Operationally, it is sometimes desirable to orient the solar arrays to produce the opposite effect, and maximize the drag on the arrays. This may be done, for example, to reduce ... more details
A staring array , staring plane array , Focal Plane Arrays focal plane array FPA , or focal plane is an image sensing device consisting of an array typically rectangular of light sensing pixels at the focal plane of a lens. FPAs are used most commonly for imaging purposes e.g. taking pictures or video imagery , but can also be used for non imaging purposes such as spectrometry , LIDAR , and wave front sensing . In radio astronomy the term FPA refers to an array at the focus of a radio telescope see full article on Focal Plane Arrays . At optical and infrared wavelengths it can refer to a variety of imaging device types, but in common usage it refers to two dimensional devices that are sensitive in the infrared spectrum. Devices sensitive in other spectra are usually referred to by other terms, such as CCD charge coupled device and CMOS image sensor in the visible spectrum. FPAs operate by detecting photons at particular wavelengths and then generating an electrical charge, voltage, or resistance in relation to the number of photons detected at each pixel. This charge, voltage, or resistance ... array Staring arrays are distinct from scanning array and TDI time domain integration imagers in that they image the desired field of view without scanning. Scanning arrays are constructed from linear arrays or very narrow 2 D arrays that are rastered across the desired field of view using a rotating .... Scanning arrays were developed and used because of historical difficulties in fabricating 2 D arrays ... arrays are available and affordable even for non military, non scientific applications. Construction ... materials commonly used in IR detector arrays include mercury cadmium telluride HgCdTe , MerCad , or MerCadTel ..., the materials used to construct arrays of IR sensitive pixels cannot be used to construct the electronics ... plane arrays are used in modern air to air missile s and anti tank missile s such as the AIM 9X ... Royal Air Force ref See Also Focal Plane Arrays References references Category Missile guidance Category ... more details
Name s s firstName i , lastName i print Height in CM s heightInCM i source Parallel arrays have a number ... only arrays of primitive types and not of records or perhaps don t support records at all . Parallel arrays are simple to understand and use, and are often used where declaring a record is more trouble ... and cache behavior. However, parallel arrays also have several strong disadvantages, which serves to explain ... support the language and its syntax typically express no relationship between the arrays in the parallel array . They are expensive to grow or shrink, since each of several arrays must be reallocated. Multi level arrays can ameliorate this problem, but impacts performance due to the additional indirection ... to perform this transformation automatically when arrays of structures are created in the program. Citation needed date April 2012 See also Linked list Linked lists using arrays of nodes An example in the linked ... Arrays Category Articles with example C code Category Articles with example Perl code Category ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox Company name CombiMatrix Corp. logo type Public company Public genre foundation founder location city Mukilteo, WA location country USA location locations area served key people Dr. Amit Kumar, Ph.D. industry Biotechnology products services market cap 45 million USD ref name zenobank revenue operating income net income assets equity owner num employees 57 ref name zenobank parent divisions subsid homepage http www.combimatrix.com www.combimatrix.com footnotes Datasource ZenoBank ref name zenobank cite web url http www.zenobank.com index.php?symbol CBMX&page quotesearch title Company Profile for CombiMatrix Corp CBMX accessdate 2008 10 23 ref intl CombiMatrix Corp. nasdaq CBMX is a company that, among other things, makes DNA microarray s using electrochemistry on arrays of microelectrodes. The arrays are built on semiconductor chips. The CombiMatrix method controls the building of DNA on its semiconductor chips by the software controlled turning on and off of electrodes. The process is intended to facilitate manufacture of custom DNA arrays, where users want the ability to do some experiments, change content, do some more experiments, change the content again, and so on. References reflist External links http www.combimatrix.com CombiMatrix Category Research support companies Category Microarrays ... more details
technical date February 2012 Curtain arrays are a class of radio transmission Antenna radio antenna originally developed during the 1920s and 1930s when there was a lot of experimentation with long distance shortwave broadcasting. The underlying concept is to achieve improvements in gain and or directionality over the simple dipole , possibly by folding one or more dipoles into a smaller physical space, or to arrange multiple dipoles such that their radiation patterns reinforce each other, thus concentrating more signal into a given target area. The first curtain arrays to achieve popularity were the Sterba antenna Sterba curtain , patented by Ernest J. Sterba in 1929 ref Sterba, E.J. November 1, 1932 . http www.aktuellum.com circuits antenna patent patents 1885151.pdf Directive Antenna System . Accessed February 2012. ref and the Bruce array invented by Edmond Bruce sometime in the late 1920 s. The Bruce array produces a vertically polarised signal, Sterba arrays and HRS antennas produce a horizontally polarised signal. The Sterba array was used by Bell Labs and others during the 1930 s and 1940 s. The Sterba curtain is however a narrowband design and is only steerable by mechanical means. However, as far back as the mid 1930s, Radio Netherlands was using a rotatable HRS antenna for global coverage. Since the 1950 s the HRS design has become more or less the standard for long distance high power shortwave broadcasting 1000 km . References Reflist Category Amateur radio Category Radio ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Visual processing is the sequence of steps that information takes as it flows from visual sensors to cognitive processing. The sensors may be zoological eyes or they may be camera s or sensor arrays that sense various portions of the electromagnetic spectrum . See also Visual system DEFAULTSORT Visual Processing Category Visual system Category Dyslexia Biology stub ... more details
In computer programming , an Iliffe vector , also known as a display , is a data structure used to implement multi dimensional Array data structure arrays . An Iliffe vector for an n dimensional array where n 2 consists of a vector or 1 dimensional array of Pointer computer programming pointer s to an n 1 dimensional array. They are often used to avoid the need for expensive multiplication operations when performing address calculation on an array element. They can also be used to implement triangular array s, or other kinds of irregularly shaped arrays. The data structure is named after John K. Iliffe , Their disadvantages include the need for multiple chained pointer indirections to access an element, and the extra work required to determine the next row in an n dimensional array to allow an optimising compiler to prefetch it. Both of these are a source of delays on systems where the CPU is significantly faster than main memory. The Iliffe vector for a 2 dimensional array is simply a vector of pointers to vectors of data, i.e., the Iliffe vector represents the columns of an array where each column element is a pointer to a row vector. Multidimensional arrays in languages such as Java programming language Java , Python programming language Python multidimensional lists , Ruby programming language Ruby , Perl , PHP , JavaScript , Objective C , and Atlas Autocode are implemented as Iliffe vectors. Iliffe vectors are contrasted with dope vector s in languages such as Fortran Fortran 90 Fortran , which contain the stride factors and offset values for the subscripts in each dimension. Notes reflist References cite journal author John K. Iliffe title The Use of The Genie System in Numerical Calculations journal Annual Review in Automatic Programming volume 2 year 1961 page 25 doi 10.1016 S0066 4138 61 80002 5 comp sci stub Category Arrays ... more details
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