Arsenicalbronze is an alloy in which arsenic is added to copper as opposed to, or in addition to other ... arsenicalbronze when used in archaeology is typically only applied to alloys which contain greater ... Cu sub 3 sub OH sub 2 sub CO sub 3 sub sub 2 sub Although arsenicalbronze occurs in the archaeological ... arsenicalbronze alloys. ref name Thornton, 2002 These are The direct addition of arsenic bearing metals ... and used to make arsenicalbronze elsewhere by addition to molten copper. Artefacts made of arsenical ... a silvery sheen to the article being manufactured. There is evidence of arsenicalbronze daggers ... arsenic to colour them silver. ref name Lechtman, 1996 Arsenicalbronze, sites and civilisations Arsenicalbronze was used by many societies and cultures across the globe. Firstly, the Mesoptamian area, covering modern Iran, Iraq and Syria, has the earliest arsenicalbronze metallurgy in the world ... and how much came about by accident. ref name De Ryck, 2005 Societies using arsenicalbronze include ... and centres of the trade networks which spread arsenicalbronze across the middle east during the Bronze Age. ref name De Ryck, 2005 The use of arsenicalbronze spread along trade routes into North western ... it is still unclear as to whether arsenicalbronze artefacts were imported or made locally, although ... and Rinaldone cultures in 2800 to 2200 BCE, saw the use of arsenicalbronze. Indeed it seems that arsenical ... paper 17, British Museum Publications, London. ref In South America , arsenicalbronze was the predominant ... rich in the tin ore Cassiterite and thus did not use arsenicalbronze. ref name Lechtman, 1996 The Sican Culture of north western coastal Peru is famous for its use of arsenicalbronze during the period ... 12 ref Arsenicalbronze co existed with tin bronze for in the Andes, probably due to its greater ductility .... ref name Lechtman, 1996 Arsenicalbronze after the bronze age The archaeological record in Egypt , Peru and the Caucasus suggests that arsenicalbronze was produced for a time alongside tin bronze. At Tepe ... more details
Arsenical copper contains up to 0.5 arsenic which, at elevated temperatures, imparts higher tensile strength and a reduced tendency to scaling. It is typically specified in boiler work, especially locomotive firebox steam engine firebox es. ref Cite book title Metallurgy for Engineers last Rollason first EC edition 2nd year 1949 publisher Arnold location London ref ref http dipp.gov.in boilerrules previous reg129a.htm ref ref http www.steamindex.com jile jile42.htm ref It also helps prevent embrittlement of oxygen free copper by bismuth , antimony and lead by the formation of complex oxides. See also Arsenicalbronze References Reflist Category Copper alloys Category Steam boilers alloy stub it Rame arsenicale ... more details
An arsenical keratosis is a growth of keratin on the skin caused by arsenic ref name Fitz2 Freedberg, et al. 2003 . Fitzpatrick s Dermatology in General Medicine . 6th ed. . McGraw Hill. ISBN 0071380760. ref rp 725 , which occurs naturally in the Crust geology earth s crust and is widely distributed in the environment ref name pmid15910959 cite journal author Duker AA, Carranza EJ, Hale M title Arsenic geochemistry and health journal Environ Int volume 31 issue 5 pages 631 41 year 2005 month July pmid 15910959 doi 10.1016 j.envint.2004.10.020 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0160 4120 04 00195 3 issn ref , Arsenical compounds are used in Industry industrial , agricultural , and medicinal substances. Arsenic is also found to be an environmental contaminant in drinking water Water well well water and an occupational hazard for miners and glass workers. ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 640 Arsenic may also causes other conditions including Bowen s disease ref name pmid11982642 cite journal author Yerebakan O, Ermis O, Yilmaz E, Basaran E title Treatment of arsenical keratosis and Bowen s disease with acitretin journal Int. J. Dermatol. volume 41 issue 2 pages 84 7 year 2002 ... art.pdf?issn 0300 8177&volume 255&page 47 issn ref . Arsenical keratoses may persist indefinitely ... Successful treatment of palmoplantar arsenical keratosis with a combination of keratolytics and low ... and malignant lesions in arsenical keratosis with a combination of acitretin and intralesional ... name pmid6197851 cite journal author Sharma SC, Simpson NB title Treatment of arsenical keratosis with etretinate ... may be useful in treating arsenical keratoses and Bowen s disease. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Arsenical Keratosis Category Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, cysts Epidermal growth stub ... more details
Other bronze alloys include aluminium bronze , phosphor bronze , manganese bronze, bell metal , arsenical ...About the metal alloy File NatarajaMET.JPG thumb 300px Bronze Chola statue of Nataraja from India at the Metropolitan Museum of Art , New York City Bronze is a metal alloy consisting primarily of copper ... in antiquity, so much so that the Bronze Age was named after the metal. However, since bronze is a somewhat ... Note for copper alloy ref The word bronze is borrowed from lang fr bronze , itself borrowed from ... Persian word for brass, birinj . ref http www.etymonline.com index.php?term bronzeBronze at the Online ... Period 722 BC 481 BC The discovery of bronze enabled people to create metal objects which were better ... tiles, made of bronze were harder and more durable than their stone and copper Chalcolithic predecessors. Initially bronze was made out of copper and arsenic to form arsenic bronze . It was only later that tin was used, becoming the sole type of bronze in the late 3rd millennium BC. Tin bronze was superior to arsenic bronze in that the alloying process itself could more easily be controlled as tin ... bronze work has always involved trade. In Europe, the major source for tin was Great Britain s deposits ... bronze is generally harder than wrought iron , with Vickers hardness test Vickers hardness of 60 258 ref http www.allaboutgemstones.com metal jewelry bronze.html Precious Metals Bronze Jewelry ref vs. 30 80, ref Smithells Metals Reference Book , 8th Edition, ch. 22 ref the Bronze Age gave way to the Iron Age this happened because iron was easier to find and easier to process. Bronze was still used during the Iron Age, for example officers in the Roman army had bronze swords Citation needed ... bronze and holds a sharper edge longer. ref http www.llnl.gov tid lof documents pdf 238547.pdf Ancient ... different bronze alloys but modern bronze is typically 88 copper and 12 tin . ref Knapp, Brian. 1996 Copper, Silver and Gold . Reed Library, Australia. ref Alpha bronze consists of the alpha solid ... more details
other uses Bronze disambiguation Refimprove date January 2007 Infobox fictional location name The Bronze colour Television colour Buffy the Vampire Slayer image imagesize 250px caption source Buffy the Vampire Slayer TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer creator Joss Whedon genre type Nightclub locations people The Bronze is a fictional nightclub in Sunnydale , the fictional setting for the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer . Of 144 episodes of the series, 66 have at least one scene at the Bronze, not including its appearance in the Unaired Buffy the Vampire Slayer pilot unaired pilot . The shooting location of The Bronze was at the Buffy studio lot in Santa Monica, California . Food, drink, and entertainment As the lead characters of Buffy were in high school during the first three seasons, the Bronze was depicted primarily as a coffee bar that hosts live music and serves as a nightclub. In the season three episode Doppelgangland , it became clear that the Bronze has a liquor license, although the main characters were still usually seen drinking cappuccino s or hot chocolate. While the drinking age in California is 21, it is generally ignored ... mentioned. ref The Bronze seems to have an unlimited refurbishment and furniture replacement budget .... That the Bronze plays live music is not only used as a plot device for Daniel Oz Osborne Oz s band ... My Baby playing the music of the real life band Four Star Mary appears at the Bronze more than any ... frame right Band performing in the newly decorated Bronze, after its remodeling in mid Season 5. class ... External links http www.thebronzealternative.com The Bronze Alternative The Bronze Threaded Posting Board Continues http www.bronzebeta.com Bronze Beta DEFAULTSORT Bronze Category Fictional bars and inns Category Buffy the Vampire Slayer locations fr Sunnydale Le Bronze it The Bronze pl The Bronze sv Sunnydale The Bronze ... more details
would make them the makers of the oldest known bronze. However, the Maykop culture only had arsenicalbronze , a naturally occurring alloy. Other regions would utilize bronze and the associated technology ... Arsenicalbronze artifacts of the Maykop culture in the North Caucasus have been dated around the 4th ... resulted in the circulation of arsenicalbronze technology over southern and eastern Europe. ref ... areas are the oldest. Bronze Age 260 The Bronze Age is a Periodization period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some ... Age implies the inability to smelt any ore , the term Bronze Age implies the inability to smelt iron ... study of the Bronze Age, it has become clear that on the whole, the use of copper or bronze was only .... In addition to the creation of bronze from raw materials and the widespread use of bronze tools ... , and other features of urban civilization . The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three ... ancient societies. A region could be in the Bronze Age either by smelting its own copper and alloying with tin , or by trading for bronze from production areas elsewhere. Copper tin ores are rare ... BC . Worldwide, the Bronze Age generally followed the Neolithic period, but in some parts of the world, a Copper Age served as a transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Although the Iron Age generally followed the Bronze Age, in some areas such as sub Saharan Africa , the Iron Age intruded directly on the Neolithic from outside the region. A difference between some of the Bronze Age ... written sources. TOC limit limit 4 History The term Bronze Age is ultimately derived from the Ages of Man ... Age and Silver Age are categorized by modern historians as mythical, but the Bronze Age as well as the Iron ... by the full adoption of bronze in many regions, though the place and time of the introduction and development of bronze technology is not universally synchronous. ref Bronze was independently ... more details
The Bronze Medallion may refer to Bronze Medallion New York City award Bronze Medallion New Zealand and Australia Bronze Medallion Canada Bronze Medallion United Kingdom disambig ... more details
Bronze Cross may refer to Bronze Cross Netherlands of the Netherlands Bronze Cross Philippines of the Philippines Bronze Cross Canada certification of the Royal Life Saving Society of Canada Bronze Cross of Rhodesia disambig ... more details
Manganese bronze may refer to Manganese bronze, one of many possible alloys called bronze Manganese Bronze Holdings , a British engineering company disambig ... more details
Bronze is a metal alloy composed of tin and various other metals. Bronze may also refer to Bronze color , the tint of the metal Bronze turkey , a breed of domestic turkey Bronze Age , an early period of historical development Bronze medal , a medal given for a third place finish in a competition Bronze Records , an English independent record label Bronze sculpture , a piece of art made of bronzeBronze Sunbird , a species of bird found in Africa See also Bronze Medallion disambiguation , an award in several organizations Bronz ,a musical group Bronzer , a tanning product Bronzing , a process by which an object is preserved by electroplating with copper Dave Bronze born 1952 , English bass guitarist disambig ca Bronze desambiguaci de Bronze Begriffskl rung pl Br z pt Bronze desambigua o ... more details
Age of Bronze may refer to Age of Bronze comics , a comics series by Eric Shanower one of the Ages of Man , according to classical mythology Bronze Age , an archaeological era The Age of Bronze A sculpture by Auguste Rodin disambig ... more details
Bronze disease may refer to The irreversible and nearly inexorable corrosion process occurring when copper Chloride chlorides come into contact with Bronze Properties bronze Addison s disease , which acquired the nickname bronze disease from the Medical sign clinical sign of skin hyperpigmentation that its sufferers exhibit disambiguation ... more details
About the color Bronze disambiguation File Early Ewer Iran.JPG thumb upright left 175px Ewer from 7th century Iran . Cast, chased, and inlaid bronze New York Metropolitan Museum of Art infobox color title Bronze hex CD7F32 r 205 g 127 b 50 c 0 m y k h 30 s 75.6 v 80.4 source Maerz and Paul ref The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called bronze in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York 1930 McGraw Hill the color bronze is displayed on page 51 Plate 14, Color Sample L9. ref At right is displayed the color bronze . Bronze is a medium brown color which resembles the actual alloy bronze . The first recorded use of bronze as a color name in English language ... 191 Color Sample of Bronze Page 51 Plate 14 Color Sample L9 ref Variations of bronze Blast off bronze infobox color title Blast Off Bronze textcolor white hex A57164 r 165 g 113 b 100 c 0 m 32 y 39 k ... Tool set to hex code A57164 Blast Off Bronze ref source List of Crayola crayon colors Metallic FX Crayola Displayed at right is the color blast off bronze . Blast off bronze is one of the colors ... FX , the colors of which were formulated by Crayola in 2001. Bronze in human culture Art The Age of Bronze is a sculpture by Auguste Rodin Rodin . Ethnography Mestizo Hispanic s often refer to themselves as the Bronze Race . The use of the term bronze to describe La Raza derives from the book La Raza Cosmica by Jose Vasconcelos . Military The Bronze Star Medal is a Military of the United States ... decoration that may be awarded for bravery, acts of merit, or meritorious service. The Bronze Medal of Valor American Bronze Medal of Valor is one of the Awards and decorations of the Civil Air Patrol of the United States . Mythology The Ages of Man Bronze Age in mythology denotes a time when Human ... Comic Book Comic book s published between 1970 and 1984 are called Bronze Age of Comic Books Bronze ... New York 2008 Glossary Pages 1026 1031 Page 1026 ref Age of Bronze comics Age of Bronze is a comic book ... more details
Bronze Award may refer to Bronze Award Girl Scouts of the USA An advancement recognition award of the Venturing Boy Scouts of America Advancement and recognition Venturing program of the Boy Scouts of America A level of the The Duke of Edinburgh s Award A quality certification given through EduTrust by Singapore s Ministry of Education See also Bronze medal disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2007 Florentine bronze is a modern term for an alloy usually formed as a mixture of aluminium or tin 10 and copper 90 . Currently no chemical formula for Florentine bronze has been made as it is an alloy which is not standardised in proportions worldwide. Florentine bronze bears no relation to the 16th century bronze reductions of full scale sculptures that were made in Florence after models by Giambologna and other Mannerism Mannerist sculptors, to satisfy a collectors market. Category Copper alloys alloy stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 Bronze of Levante Lang es Bronce de Levante is the name of the Iberians proto Iberian culture extending approximately by the Valencia autonomous community Land of Valencia Spanish Levante in the 2nd millennium BCE . It is contemporary of the culture of El Argar by which it is strongly influenced. Between c. 1500 BCE 1500 and 1300 BCE , the people of this culture colonized La Mancha with military constructions called Motillas . Gallery width 400 File Iberia Bronze.gif Bronze of Levante c. 1500 BCE File Iberia Late Bronze.gif Bronze of Levante after 1300 BCE List of all mentioned in this article archaeological cultures Cogotas Montelavar Vila Nova de Sao Pedro VNSP Atalaia Motillas El Argar Astur Cantabrian Bronze Galician Bronze Western Bronze Slabs of Extremadura Alentejan Late Bronze Western Andalusian Late Bronze Post Argar Bronze of Levante Urnfield culture Balearic Megalithism DEFAULTSORT Bronze Of Levante Category Archaeological cultures of Western Europe Category Bronze Age Europe Category Archaeology of Spain Category Roman and pre Roman Hispania Euro archaeology stub it Bronzo del Levante ru ... more details
Bismuth bronze is a bronze alloy that is very corrosion resistant. This property makes it suitable for use in environments such as the ocean. Bismuth bronze s composition varies slightly, depending on the purpose for which the it is to be used, but in all cases, the proportion of bismuth to bronze is very small. A hard bismuth bronze is created from 69 parts copper , 21 spelter , 9 nickel , and 1 part of a bismuth tin alloy 1 part bismuth, 16 parts tin . ref cite web url http chestofbooks.com crafts mechanics Workshop Receipts 3 Bismuth Bronze.html title Bismuth Bronze publisher Chestofbooks.com date accessdate 2010 10 24 ref By adjusting the composition to 52 parts copper, 30 parts nickel, 12 parts zinc , 5 parts lead , and 1 part bismuth, it will hold a polish. Therefore, it is sometimes used in light reflectors such as mirrors. ref cite web url http www.southerncrossmetalrecyclers.com.au scrap bismuth bronze.html title Bismuth Bronze publisher Southerncrossmetalrecyclers.com.au date accessdate 2010 10 24 ref References reflist Bismuth compounds material stub Category Bronze Category Bismuth compounds ... more details
Infobox award name Bronze Wrangler image Bronze Wrangler.png imagesize 150px caption The Wrangler in bronze description Best in Western film and television presenter National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum country USA year 1961 website http www.nationalcowboymuseum.org events wha WHA Winners.aspx The Bronze Wrangler is an award presented annually by the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum to honor the top works in Western genre Western music , film , television and literature . The awards were first presented in 1961 . The Wrangler is a bronze sculpture of a cowboy on horseback, and is designed by artist John Free . The awards program also recognizes inductees into the prestigious Hall of Great Westerners and the Hall of Great Western Performers as well as the recipient of the Chester ... Bronze Wrangler for Theatrical Motion Picture Theatrical Motion Picture Bronze Wrangler for Television Feature Film Television Feature Film Bronze Wrangler for Factual Narrative Factual Narrative Bronze Wrangler for Factual Television Program Factual Television Program awarded from 1961 until 1989 Bronze Wrangler for Fictional Television Drama Fictional Television Drama Bronze Wrangler for Western Documentary Western Documentary Literary Bronze Wrangler for Art Books Art Books Bronze Wrangler for Folklore Books Folklore Books Bronze Wrangler for Juvenile Books Juvenile Books Bronze Wrangler for Magazine Article Magazine Article Bronze Wrangler for News Featurette News Featurette Bronze Wrangler for Nonfiction Book Nonfiction Book Bronze Wrangler for Outstanding Photography Book Outstanding Photography Book Bronze Wrangler for Poetry Book Poetry Book Bronze Wrangler for Short Stories Short Stories Bronze Wrangler for Western Novel Western Novel Music Bronze Wrangler for Music Music Bronze Wrangler for Outstanding Original Western Composition Outstanding Original Western Composition Bronze Wrangler for Outstanding Traditional Western Album Outstanding Traditional Western Album ... more details
Globalize date February 2009 Image Male north american turkey supersaturated.jpg thumb 250px A Bronze tom The Bronze is a breed of domestic turkey . The name refers to its plumage, which bears an iridescent bronze like sheen. The Bronze had been the most popular turkey throughout most of American history ..., the breed was divided into two distinct types the Broad Breasted Bronze and the Standard Bronze ... are simply called the Bronze turkey. History Bronze turkeys are the product of crossing domestic turkeys ... than wild turkeys. Though the Bronze turkey type was created in the 18th century, the actual ... the Point Judith Bronze . The name later spread to be used in reference to the breed as a whole, and was in the process simplified to just Bronze . ref harv Ekarius 2007 p 230 ref In the British Isles , the Bronze was associated with Cambridge, and was called the Cambridge Bronze , but again this name has been simplified to just Bronze . The Bronze was first admitted in to the American Poultry ..., some Bronze turkeys were selected for larger size. ref harv Ekarius 2007 pp 230 231 ref These much bigger birds became known as the Broad Breasted Bronze , to differentiate them from the original ... , and so was called the Standard or Unimproved Bronze . Apart from the difference in size, the plumage of the Standard Bronze is usually lighter and more lustrous than that of the Broad Breasted. Both ... is very similar to that of the Wild Turkey. The Broad Breasted Bronze went on to dominate the commercial ... the ability to reproduce naturally among other traits , the Standard Bronze is considered to be a variety of heritage turkey . ref harv Ekarius 2007 ref Today, both the Standard and Broad Breasted Bronze ... title Bronze Turkey work albc usa.org publisher American Livestock Breeds Conservancy accessdate 2008 07 31 External links http www.feathersite.com Poultry Turkeys BRKBronze.html Bronze turkeys at feathersite DEFAULTSORT Bronze Turkey Category Turkey breeds Category Turkey breeds originating in the United ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Bronze wool is a bundle of very fine bronze filaments, used in finishing and repair work to polish wood or metal objects. Bronze wool is similar to steel wool , but is used in its place to avoid some problems associated with broken filaments steel rust s quickly, especially in a marine environment. Furthermore, steel is magnetic and can affect the operation of marine equipment, such as a compass. Steel can also discolor some materials, such as oak . This discoloration results from a reaction between the tannates in the oak and the iron in the steel, forming iron tannate, a black compound. Woodworking DEFAULTSORT Bronze Wool Category Abrasives Category Cleaning products Material stub Woodworking stub ... more details
French Bronze is a form of bronze typically consisting of 91 copper , 2 tin , 6 zinc , and 1 lead . ref Cite book last Ripley first George coauthors Dana, Charles Anderson title The New American Cyclopaedia A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge volume 3 publisher D. Appleton and Co. year 1861 page 729 url ref Other uses The term French bronze was also used in connection with cheap zinc statuettes and other articles, which were finished to resemble real bronze, and some older texts call the faux bronze finish itself French bronze . Its composition was typically 5 parts hematite powder to 8 parts lead oxide, formed into a paste with spirits of wine . Variations in tint could be obtained by varying the proportions. The preparation was applied to the article to be bronzed with a soft brush, then polished with a hard brush after it had dried. ref Cite book last Watt first Alexander title Electro Metallurgy Practically Treated publisher D. Van Nostrand year 1887 pages 211 212 url ref Notes reflist Category Bronze ... more details
of the earliest examples of Chinese bronze mirrors belonged to the Neolithic Qijia culture from around 2000 BCE. However, until Warring States times, bronze mirrors were not common with approximately .... Bronze mirrors continued to remain popular up through the Song Dynasty , but then gradually lost ... Ming and Qing dynasties. Europe In Europe, bronze mirrors from the Bronze Age have been discovered ... journal Antiquity , Vol. 15 1941 , pp. 257 268 Commonscat Bronze mirrors refimprove date August 2007 DEFAULTSORT Bronze Mirror Category Bronze Age Category Archaeological artefact types Category ... more details
Infobox musical artist name Cast in Bronze image Carillon cast in bronze colorado rennissance.jpg alt caption Cast in Bronze at the Colorado Renaissance Festival, June 2008 image size 250px background group or band alias origin Valley Forge, Pennsylvania genre years active 1991 present label associated acts website current members Frank Dellapenna br Cyrus Rua br Jonathan Lehrer past members Cast in Bronze is a musical act, notably including one of the only portable carillons , a musical instrument ... coms2 summary 0286 32549972 ITM title The Johnny Appleseed of bells Cast in Bronze seeds ... Gehman ref Originally, Cast in Bronze began as an experiment to determine if the carillon could be combined with other instruments keyboard, bass guitar and drums. Cast in Bronze rose from obscurity to the Fountain ... responsible for creating Cast in Bronze is carillonneur Frank DellaPenna. Frank first learned to play ... jobs prior to founding Cast in Bronze. Most recently, he served as resident carillonneur for the Washington ... stranger provided Frank with the carillon that was to become the centerpiece of Cast in Bronze. Image Carillon TxRenFest.jpg thumb left 240px Cast in Bronze at the Texas Renaissance Festival in October ... takes Cast in Bronze on the road for about 10 months every year, playing to audiences around the US. Most regular bookings of Cast in Bronze are for Renaissance festivals since the carillon experienced ... his identity and role in creating the music. Cast in Bronze also performs annually at Musikfest , a ten day event which takes place in Bethlehem, PA during August. In 1995, Cast in Bronze played for Pope John Paul II during a Mass celebrated in NY City s Central Park. Cast in Bronze also participated ... to play at a Presidential Inauguration. Cast in Bronze has made several recordings that include original ... a project that will lead Cast in Bronze in a new direction. He has scored a musical titled, The Bells ... title The Bells Musical ref References reflist External links http www.castinbronze.com Cast in Bronze ... more details
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