refimprove date February 2011 ArtificialSociety is the specific agent based computational model for computer simulation in social analysis. It is mostly connected to the theme in complex system , emergence , Monte Carlo Method , computational sociology , multi agent system multi agent system , and evolutionary programming . The concept itself is simple enough. Actually reaching this conceptual point took a while. Complex mathematical models have been, and are, common deceivingly simple models only have their roots in the late forties, and took the advent of the microcomputer to really get up to speed. Overview The aim is to construct parallel simulations consisting of computational devices, referred to as agents, with given properties, in order to model the target phenomena. The subject is the process of emergence from the lower micro level of a social system to the higher or macro level ... Reynolds . He attempted to model living biological agents, a method known as artificial life , a term coined by Christopher Langton . The computational methods of artificial life were applied to the analysis of social systems, christened the artificialsociety by Joshua M. Epstein and Robert Axtell ... 224 isbn 9780262550253 ref Eventually, the artificialsociety provided a new method for sociological ... level. The artificialsociety has been widely accepted by recent sociology as a promising method characterized ... based model s, and cellular automaton cellular automata CA . For many, artificialsociety is a meeting ... first2 Robert L. last2 Axtell authorlink2 Robert Axtell year 1996 title Growing Artificial Societies ... it as practical theology or a fact free science . However, the recent publication of artificialsociety articles in the scientific journals e.g. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation and http josc.bandungfe.net Journal of Social Complexity shows that artificial life techniques are becoming ... Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation Category Social sciences methodology ... more details
Image Shadow Hand Bulb large.jpg 300px thumb right The Shadow Hand Shadow robot hand system The Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Society is a Robotics Society from Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology , Ghaziabad, India Ghaziabad , India . The society formed in 2008, by some robotics enthusiast students learning the deeps and highs of robotics and Artificial Intelligence at then newly built Laboratory Lab since named the Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Society office . Er. Pranjal Verma, Er. Sanjeev Malik and Er. Abhinav founders of http saprorobotics.in Saprorobotics formed this society with a group of about 10 members. Citation needed date November 2008 Success in the various robotics events followed, resulting in Mr. Verma being promoted to the post of President of the Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Society, Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ghaziabad or in short AIRS, KIET, Ghaziabad . However, AIRS s administrative structure was changed in 2009, with the passing out of Verma and others, who were one of the founder members. This was alongside . The highs of the inaugural season were created by organising various robotics events such as Line Follower etc. at Inter College as well as Intra College level. This led to the rising of the publicity and interest among the students and the number of members grew subsequently. Administrators Heads Prof. Ravindra Gautam 2009&ndash Till Date Chairperson Prof. Sachin Sharma 2009&ndash 2012 Chief Faculty Advisor Prof. A.P. Shukla 2009&ndash Till Date Faculty Advisor Prof. Prashant Sambharkar 2009&ndash Till Date Faculty Advisor Ankit Yadav 2009&ndash Till Date Apex Coordinator Abhishek Kumar 2009&ndash Till Date Apex Coordinator Amit Mishra 2009&ndash Till Date Apex Coordinator Amarjeet Kumar ... Official web history of the team http amitmishracs.blogspot.com 2009 10 artificial intelligence ... of Engg. and Tech. http fb.com TheAIRS Official Facebook page Category Artificial intelligence associations ... more details
American Society for Artificial Internal Organs ASAIO is an organization of individuals and groups that are interested in artificial internal organs and their development. It supports research into Artificial organ artificial internal organs and holds an annual meeting, which attracts industry, researchers and government officials. ASAIO s most heavily represented areas are nephrology , cardiopulmonary devices artificial heart s, heart lung machines and biomaterials . It publishes a peer reviewed publication, the ASAIO Journal, six times a year. External links http www.asaio.com index.php American Society for Artificial Internal Organs home page http www.asaiojournal.com ASAIO Journal home Category Implants Category Medical associations based in the United States Category Prosthetics US health org stub ... more details
Deleted image removed Image ssaisb.gif thumb Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour or SSAISB or AISB is a nonprofit, scientific society devoted to advancing the scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behaviour and their simulation and embodiment in machines. AISB also aims to facilitate co operation and communication among those interested in the study of artificial intelligence, simulation of behaviour and the design of intelligent systems. History Founded in 1964, SSAISB, is the oldest AI society in the world. It is the largest Artificial Intelligence Society in the United Kingdom. the society has an international membership drawn from both academia and industry. It is a member of the European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence ECCAI . Objectives of the Society The objectives of the Society are to promote the study of artificial intelligence, simulation of behaviour and the design of intelligent systems. to facilitate co operation and communication among those interested in the study of artificial intelligence, simulation of behaviour and the design of intelligent systems. to hold, or to participate in the holding of, conferences and meetings for the communication of knowledge concerning, and to publicise and disseminate by other means knowledge and views concerning artificial intelligence, simulation of behaviour and the design of intelligent systems. Activities of the Society The society hosts an annual convention consisting of parallel symposia covering various specialist topics, loosely organised around a theme. It also runs various events, especially to promote public understanding of AI and Cognitive Science. The society published the journal AISBJ no longer published and continues ... Fellows AI stub Category Artificial intelligence associations Category Computer science organizations ... more details
Notability Companies date March 2011 The Artificial Reef Society of British Columbia ARSBC is a registered non profit organization based in Vancouver , British Columbia . They began operations in 1989, with the G.B. Church project, and have since sunk 7 ships and 1 Boeing 737 . Their mission is to create and maintain artificial reefs for use by Scuba set scuba divers as a means to promote the local economy, the technology and safety procedures involved in creating artificial reefs, promote the use of artificial reefs as a means to minimize the impacts caused by SCUBA divers on other historically significant or ecologically sensitive sites, and to monitor all developments regarding their artificial reefs for environmental impact and diver safety. Artificial reefs Sunk August 11, 1991 MV G.B. Church off Portland Island, near Sidney, BC at 48 43.323 N, 123 21.339 W http www.google.ca maps?f q&hl en&q 48 43.323 27 N, 123 21.339 27 W&ie UTF8&om 1 Sunk December 5, 1992 HMCS Chaudi re DDE 235 II off Kunechin Point, in Porpoise Bay, near Sechelt, BC at 49 37.694 N, 123 48.699 W http www.google.ca maps?f q&hl en&q 49 C2 B0 37.694 27 N, 123 C2 B0 48.699 27 W&ie UTF8&ll 49.628504, 123.810425&spn 1.328955,3.466187&om 1 Sunk September 16, 1995 HMCS Mackenzie DDE 261 off Gooch Island, near Sidney, BC at 48 40.094 N, 123 17.170 W http www.google.ca maps?f q&hl en&q 48 40.094 27 N, 123 17.170 27 W&ie UTF8&om 1 Sunk June 22, 1996 HMCS Columbia DDE 260 II off Maude Island, near Campbell River, BC at 50 8.031 N, 125 20.152 W http www.google.ca maps?f q&hl en&q 50 08.031 27 N, 125 20.152 27 W&ie UTF8&om 1 Sunk June 14, 1997 HMCS Saskatchewan DDE 262 II off Snake Island, near Nanaimo, BC at 49 12.96 N, 123 53.070 W http www.google.ca maps?f q&hl en&q 49 12.96 27 N, 123 53.070 27 W&ie UTF8&om ... boeing Boeing 737 artificial reef chemainus scuba http www.cawreckdivers.org Wrecks Yukon.htm California Wreck Divers HMCS Yukon Category Artificial reefs Category Non profit organizations based ... more details
An artificial chemistry is a computer model used to simulate various types of system s. Artificial chemistry is in some ways similar to a chemical reaction, hence the name. The field of artificial chemistry originated in artificial life but has shown to be a versatile method with applications in many fields such as chemistry , economics , sociology and linguistics . Formal definition An artificial ... math S. I are the interaction rules of the molecules in S. Types of artificial chemistries depending ... sets Hasse diagram of organizations History of artificial chemistries Artificial chemistries emerged as a sub field of artificial life , in particular from strong artificial life . The idea behind this field .... Artificial chemistry enlists, among others, researchers that believe in an extreme bottom up approach to artificial life. Important contributors The first reference about artificial Chemistries come ... of Artificial Life. In his first papers he presented the concept of organization , as a set of molecules that is algebraically closed and self maintaining. Two main schools of artificial chemistries ... Peter Dittrich and Jens Ziegler , developed various artificial chemistry models. Their 2001 paper Artificial Chemistries A Review became a standard in the field. Jens Ziegler , as part of his PhD thesis, proved that an artificial chemistry could be used to control a small Khepera robot. Among other models, Peter Dittrich developed the Seceder model which is able to explain group formation in society through some simple rules. Since then he became a professor in Jena where he investigates artificial ... of artificial chemistries Artificial Chemistries are often used in the study of protobiology, in trying to bridge the gap between chemistry and biology . A further motivation to study artificial ... and references http web.cs.mun.ca banzhaf papers alchemistry review MIT.pdf Artificial chemistries ... papers on artificial chemistries for artificial life http www.minet.uni jena.de biosys twiki bin view.pl ... more details
Artificial chromosome may refer to Yeast artificial chromosome Bacterial artificial chromosome Human artificial chromosome P1 derived artificial chromosome disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Artificial Paradise may refer to Artificial Paradise The Guess Who album Artificial Paradise The Guess Who album , 1973 Artificial Paradise Sylvan album Artificial Paradise Sylvan album Artificial Paradise film Artificial Paradise film , a 1990 Yugoslavian film disambiguation nl Artificial Paradise ... more details
Artificial or fake trees could refer to Artificial Christmas tree s Artificial trees used to Carbon dioxide air capture Artificial trees capture carbon dioxide disambig ... more details
international story 0,6903,648024,00.html http www.asaio.com American Society for Artificial Internal Organs http www.esao.org European Society for Artificial Organs http www.jsao.org Japanese Society for Artificial Organs http www.scientificamerican.com blog 60 second science post.cfm?id artificial ...An artificial uterus or womb is a theoretical device that would allow for extracorporeal pregnancy or extrauterine ... of a female organism that would normally internally carry the embryo or fetus to term. An artificial ... potentially be performed as a switch from a natural uterus to an artificial uterus, thereby moving ... them until term of pregnancy. ref name Bulletti2011 Components An artificial uterus would have ... of an artificial uterus or artificial uterus system to emphasis a broader scope may also include ... A human may still supply nutrients and dispose of waste products if the artificial uterus is connected ... diseases by passing of IgG antibodies to the embryo or fetus. ref name Bulletti2011 Artificial supply ... tolerance . ref name Bulletti2011 Following are aspects of individual functions of an artificial ... For artificial nutrition, current techniques are problematic. ref name Bulletti2011 Total ..., and the endometrium plays a role in forming the placenta. An artificial uterus may include components of equivalent function. Also, methods have been considered to connect an artificial placenta ... artificial placenta An interface between the supplier and the embryo or fetus may be entirely artificial ... implanted into the artificial uterus lining and started to grow. However, the experiments were ... to inside an artificial uterus, but the passage of nutrients across this artificial uterus remains an unsolved issue. ref name Bulletti2011 Amniotic tank artificial amniotic sac The main function ... sakata1998 Cite journal author Sakata M, Hisano K, Okada M, Yasufuku M title A new artificial placenta ... September 2010 . In fiction The use of the artificial uterus has played a significant role in science ... more details
Artificial skin can refer to skin grown in a laboratory that can be used as skin replacement for people who have suffered skin trauma such as severe burn s or skin diseases. Alternatively, it can also refer to skin synthetically produced for other purposes. Background The skin is the largest organ anatomy organ in the human body . Severe damage to large areas of skin exposes the human organism to dehydration and infection s that can result in death. Traditional ways of dealing with large losses of skin ... To solve these issues, research is being done on artificial skin. Typically, a collagen scaffold ... s own cells, ref cite news title A Better Artificial Skin url http www.technologyreview.com ... 15, 2010 ref ref cite press release title Artificial Skin Developed at MIT Now Ready for Treatment ... 4, 2008 title Growing Artificial Skin From Hair Roots work Science Daily accessdate February 15, 2010 url http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2008 01 080104140344.htm authorlink Fraunhofer Society ref or with foreskin from newborns that was removed during circumcision . ref cite web title How is artificial ... accessdate February 15, 2010 url http www.answers.com topic artificial skin 2 author Answers.com ref ... automated process for producing artificial skin. Their goal is a simple two layer skin without ... cite web author Fraunhofer Gesellschaft authorlink Fraunhofer Society url http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2009 05 090518102959.htm title Artificial Skin Manufactured In Fully Automated Process work Science Daily date May 19, 2009 accessdate February 15, 2010 ref Synthetic skin A form of artificial ... touch. The artificial skin is anticipated to augment robotics in conducting rudimentary jobs that would ... last Steenhuysen title Artificial skin materials can sense pressure date Sun Sep 12, 1 01 PM publisher Yahoo News url http ca.news.yahoo.com s reuters 100912 tecnology ctech us skin artificial work Reuters accessdate 2010 09 14 ref References reflist Category Artificial organs Category Skin war Artipisyal ... more details
notability date December 2010 Artificial Australia was the title of a series of lectures given by prominent Australian architect , Robin Boyd in 1967 on the Australian Broadcasting Commission . The Boyer Lectures was a radio series that invited prominent Australians to present the results of their works and thinking on major social, scientific or cultural issues. The series started in 1959 under the title of the ABC Lectures, but in 1961 the ABC decided to rename it as a memorial to the late Sir Richard Boyer, chairman of the ABC, who was the person responsible for the creation of the original series. ref The Boyer Lectures Artificial Australia by Robin Boyd Australian Broadcasting Commission Ambassador Press 22403 ref Lecture 1 Creative Man in a Frontier Society. Lecture 2 The Architecture of Ideas. Lecture 3 Integrity in the Artificial Object. Lecture 4 The Environmental Arts in Australia. Lecture 5 The Australian Myth in the Modern World. Reference list Reflist External links Category Australian radio programs ... more details
Computers Artificial Life Framework http alife.org International Society of Artificial ... 2012 Two other uses a field of research artificially created life forms synthetic life Artificial life often abbreviated ALife or A Life ref Molecules and Thoughts Y Tarnopolsky 2003 Artificial Life often abbreviated as Alife or A life is a small universe existing parallel to the much larger Artificial ... browse artificial 20life title Dictionary.com definition accessdate 2007 01 19 ref The discipline ... web url http www.reed.edu mab publications papers BedauTICS03.pdf title Artificial life organization ... , ref cite book title Artificial Life Models in Software author Maciej Komosinski and Andrew Adamatzky ... computer mathematics book 978 1 84882 284 9 ref from software hard , ref cite book title Artificial ... 529 1 ref from computer hardware hardware and wet artificial life wet , from biochemistry. Artificial ... zooland.alife.org title What is Artificial Life? first Christopher last Langton accessdate 2007 01 19 ref The term artificial intelligence is often used to specifically refer to soft alife. ref John Johnston, 2008 The Allure of Machinic Life Cybernetics, Artificial Life, and the New AI , MIT Press ... in breve software breve , an artificial life simulator Overview Artificial life studies the logic of living system s in artificial environments. The goal is to study the phenomena of living systems .... Also sometimes included in the umbrella term Artificial Life are agent based model agent based systems ..., alive, artificial life is generally referred to as being confined to a digital environment and existence .... http www.probelog.com texts Langton al.pdf Artificial Life . Addison Wesley. ., section 1 ref In the first ... The Future of Scientific Simulations from Artificial Life to Artificial Cosmogenesis . In Death And Anti ... process of any ecosystem . However, different opinions about artificial life s potential have arisen The strong alife cf. philosophy of artificial intelligence Strong AI vs. weak AI Strong AI ... more details
are the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs, the European Society for Artificial Organs and the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs , the International Faculty for Artificial Organs, and the International ... American Society for Artificial Internal Organs ASAIO http www.intota.com multisearch.asp?strSearchType ...Multiple issues refimprove September 2009 weasel September 2010 An artificial organ is a man made device ... replacing of filters, would exclude a device from being called an artificial organ. Thus a dialysis ... the duties of a kidney , is not an artificial organ. At this time an efficient, self contained artificial kidney has not become available. Reasons Reasons construct and install an artificial organ ... a Organ transplant transplant e.g. artificial heart Dramatic improvement of the patient s ability for self care e.g. Prosthesis artificial limb Improvement of the patient s ability to interact socially ... or accident The use of any artificial organ by humans is almost always preceded by extensive Animal ... centers to eliminate symptoms. Cardia and pylorus valves Artificial cardia and pylorus can be used ... these artificial cylinders, normally sized to be direct replacements for the natural corpus cavernosa ... successful function replacing artificial eye so far is actually an external miniature digital camera ... for the brain. The problem of creating a 100 functional artificial electronic eye is even more complex than what is already obvious. Steadily increasing complexity of the artificial connection ... eye may be available. Heart While considered a success, the use of artificial heart s is limited ... to reliably sustain life beyond about 18 months. Artificial pacemaker s are Electronics electronic ... replace the function of a failing heart, without the removal of the heart itself. Artificial limbs Artificial arms and legs, or prosthetics , are intended to restore a degree of normal function ... Par in the 1500s, the amputee could not flex at will. Artificial hands of the time were quite ... more details
, Argentina. He presented his work at the meeting of the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs ...about the mechanical device the album Artificial Heart album File CardioWest temporary Total Artificial Heart.jpg right thumb 200px The SynCardia temporary CardioWest Total Artificial Heart File Artificial heart london.JPG right thumb 200px An artificial heart displayed at the London Science Museum An artificial heart is a device that replaces the human heart heart . Artificial hearts are typically ... 1940 s, the first artificial heart to be successfully implanted in a human, was the Jarvik 7, designed ... their surgeries, respectively. ref http www.discoveriesinmedicine.com Apg Ban Artificial Heart.html Artificial Heart Early developments Bot generated title ref An artificial heart is distinct from a ventricular ... artificial hearts SynCardia temporary Total Artificial Heart The SynCardia temporary Total Artificial ... total artificial heart. It received FDA approval on October 15, 2004, following a 10 year clinical ... CardioWest Total Artificial Heart , FDA ref Originally designed as a permanent replacement heart ... been more than 900 implants of the Total Artificial Heart, accounting for more than 210 patient ... Systems, Inc. & 124 Total Artificial Heart publisher Syncardia.com date accessdate 2010 05 05 ref During the 10 year study, 79 of patients receiving the Total Artificial Heart survived to transplant ... content short 351 9 859 title NEJM Cardiac Replacement with a Total Artificial Heart as a Bridge to Transplantation ... ap financialnews D9917PE80.htm title Abiomed claims its 1st implanted artificial ... one of the long sought holy grails of modern medicine. The obvious benefit of a functional artificial ... the heart lung substitute himself. Although Jarvik created the idea and rough draft for the artificial ... disease developed in different research groups worldwide. Early designs of total artificial hearts In 1949, a precursor to the modern artificial heart pump was built by doctors William Sewell physician ... more details
For the creation of a vagina through surgery Vaginoplasty pp move indef small yes Masturbation An artificial vagina is a device designed to imitate the female sex organ. To achieve this, it will generally ... Horse breeding dummy.jpg right thumb A breeding mount with a built in artificial vagina used to semen collection collect semen from horses for use in artificial insemination Artificial vaginas are widely used by farms in cattle artificial insemination programs and semen collection centers for collecting animal sperm and its further application. An artificial vagina designed for collecting semen ... as sex toy File Artificial vagina 3.jpg thumb left Artificial Vagina An artificial vagina for the purposes ... than accurately simulating a woman s vagina. Usually the artificial vagina has a realistic or close ... of artificial vagina is modeled on female genitals. For the advertising purposes many manufacturers ... called Rugae , and manufacturers often add nubs or ribs into artificial vaginas to simulate the rugae and enhance pleasure. In Japan, Tenga masturbation toy onacups are popular realistic artificial vaginae that simulate various sex acts and come with lubricant already inside. Vibrating These artificial ... by a wire. Some kinds of vibrating artificial vagina are designed to create a sucking effect ... to an artificial vagina usually made by rolling a trash bag or condom inside of a towel, and using ... The artificial vagina as a sex toy is designed from the materials that maximally imitate the natural skin. The materials used in manufacturing artificial vaginas are stretchable and elastic for accommodating ... a condom during use. This is less of a concern with artificial vaginas made from silicone ... society sexuality have a realistic pattern of your privates.html publisher Articlesabout.biz ... avs.htm Equine artificial vaginas sex DEFAULTSORT Artificial Vagina Category Sex toys ar ... Sztuczna pochwa pt Vagina artificial ru sk Umel vag na sh Umjetna vagina fi ... more details
Artificial brain is a term commonly used in the media ref name bbc http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi technology 8164060.stm Artificial brain 10 years away 2009 BBC news ref to describe research that aims to develop ... of the animal or human brain . Research investigating artificial brains plays three important roles ..., known as cognitive neuroscience . A thought experiment in the philosophy of artificial intelligence ... or Artificial General Intelligence . This idea has been popularised by Ray Kurzweil ref Citation ... 0 670 03384 7 . ref The third objective is generally called artificial general intelligence by researchers ... editor2 first Cassio title Artificial General Intelligence publisher Springer year 2006 isbn ... to implementing artificial brains, and claims on grounds of computer power continuing an exponential ... artificial neural networks on a high performance computing engine is a common approach, ref see Artificial .... An alternative artificial brain implementation could be based on http www.andcorporation.com Holographic ... 6&tid 18358 A Topographical Development Method of Neural Networks for Artificial Brain Evolution , Artificial Life , The MIT Press, vol. 11, issue 3 summer, 2005, pp. 293 316 ref is a form of evolutionary ..., Me the media rise of the conversation society, VINT research Institute of Sogeti, 2009, p.273. ref ... artificial brains in the near future are optimistic. In particular brains including the human ... limit is 3.5x10 sup 20 sup op sec watt at room temperature . Artificial brain thought experiment ... 2007 month Dec title Human level artificial general intelligence and the possibility of a technological ... of Kurzweil journal Artificial Intelligence volume 171 issue 18, Special Review Issue pages 1161 1173 ... , Artificial Intelligence A New Synthesis, p581 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, ISBN 978 1 55860 467 4 ... of an artificial brain raises moral questions, namely regarding personhood , Freedom of will freedom ... operation? Would the shutdown of an artificial brain constitute death, sleep, unconsciousness , or some ... more details
journal of the International Society for Artificial Cells and Immobilization Biotechnology year ... Society for Artificial Internal Organs year 1965 volume 11 pages 178 82 pmid 14329080 ref Artificial ...File Standard and drug delivery artificial cells .png thumb 350px alt Two types of artificial cells, one ... artificial cell top and drug delivery artificial cell bottom . An artificial cell or minimal cell is an engineered ... of biological cells can be replaced or supplemented with a synthetic entity. Often, artificial ... as artificial cells. Micro encapsulation allows for metabolism within the membrane, exchange ... book last Chang first Thomas Ming Swi title Artificial cells biotechnology, nanomedicine, regenerative ... immune system immune responses . Notably, artificial cells have been clinically successful in hemoperfusion . ref cite book last editor first Charles G. Gebelein, title Polymeric materials and artificial ... at the 185th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Seattle, Washington, March 20 25, 1983 year 1984 publisher American Chemical Society location Washington, D.C. isbn 9780841210844 ref In the area of synthetic biology , a living artificial cell has been defined as a completely synthetically made ... D title A giant step towards artificial life? journal Trends in biotechnology date 2005 Jul volume ... feasible yet, but a variation of an artificial cell has been created in which a completely synthetic ... artificial because the cytoplasm cytoplasmic components as well as the cell membrane membrane from ... replication replicate . Historical development Artificial cells were first developed by Thomas Chang .... journal Science year 1964 volume 146 3643 pages 524 525 ref These first artificial cells ... allowed diffusion of small molecules in and out of the cell. These early artificial cells were ... adsorbents and proteins . ref name Chang 2007 Presently, artificial cells range from hundreds of micrometer ... , and peptides . ref name Chang 2007 The first clinical use of artificial cells was in hemoperfusion ... more details
Artificial scarcity describes the scarcity of items even though the technology and Economic production production capacity exists to create an abundance. The term is aptly applied to non rival resources, i.e. those that do not diminish due to one person s use, although there are other resources which could be categorized as artificially scarce. The most common causes are monopoly pricing structures, such as those enabled by intellectual property rights or by high fixed costs in a particular marketplace. The inefficiency associated with artificial scarcity is formally known as a deadweight loss . With nearly all goods, a trade off occurs when decisions are made about production. The graph shows the economic anomaly that occurs with artificially scarce products. Because leather boots consume resources, a trade off is noticed between running shoes and boots i.e. in order to produce more boots one has to produce fewer running shoes because of limited resources. This trade off is illustrated by a move from P1 to P2 in the Production Possibilities graph on the left. With computer software, no significant trade off occurs. To produce more of a certain piece of digital information, since virtually no resources are used to copy the information there is no trade off with the production of other things, like shoes and boots. In essence, problems of artificial scarcity usually arise when a good that was once scarce becomes abundant due to extreme increases in productivity and technology. ref cite web url http www.automation.com resources tools articles white papers articles by jim pinto the problems of scarcity abundance title The Problems of Scarcity & Abundance publisher Automation.com ... search anchor title Phi Kappa Phi journal volume 32 34 author Phi Kappa Phi publisher Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi year 1952 page 45 ref Economic actions that create artificial scarcity Cartels Copyright ... of intellectual property Club good References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Artificial Scarcity Category Scarcity ... more details
Multiple issues technical October 2011 essay October 2011 copy edit October 2011 Artificial intuition is the capacity for an artificial object or software to function with Intuition psychology intuition ... ref Jung, Carl 2006 . The Undiscovered Self The Problem of the Individual in Modern Society. introduction ... with an introduction by Anthony Storr ISBN 0 00 653065 6 ref Artificial intuition is theoretically ... pii S0167487002002076 Herbert Simon. Artificial intelligence as a framework for understanding intuition ... in the artificial mind would in the context described here be a Top down and bottom up ... 11 21 UTC 27.10.2011 ref . To create artificial intuition supposes the possibility of the re ...&dq artificial intuition&source bl&ots E RCAO2jIZ&sig njxFJC5 vMLab6gfT742PSBQpck&hl en&ei tPymTue9IMWY8QOpy DTDw&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CB0Q6AEwADgU v onepage&q artificial 20intuition ... ref for instance as applications of models of artificial neural network s from the research ... and Founder secondary source retrieved 19 26 GMT 25.10.2011 ref ref http videos.syntience.com Artificial ... Hodge October 31, 2008 retrieved 19 31 GMT 25.10.2011 ref Discussion Should the definition of artificial intuition be considered with regards to a completely functioning artificial consciousness then the earlier literary workings of artificial life found in Frankenstein provide a possible starting place, sufficiently human or humanoid to exhibit intuition. Representations in cinema of artificial ... due to limitations in the replication of functioning with artificial materials. ref http www.intuitiontester.com ... strictly Wikt artificialartificial are conceivably possible, full human cloning cloning of Homo sapiens ... ref See also Artificial Imagination Artificial intelligence Intuitionistic logic Intuition ... People Artificial Intuition Academia 2011 retrieved 19 38 GMT 25.10.2011 People who have Artificial ... the idea of artificial intelligence Dartmouth Conferences and J.Mishlove. Categories ... more details
The term artificial gills can mean Imitation gills put into stuffed fish for the sake of appearance. See taxidermy . An inaccurate term for liquid breathing breathing sets. Artificial gills extracting oxygen from water to supply a diver. See Artificial gills human . disambig ... more details
Expand Spanish topic culture date August 2010 Respiraci n artificial Novela Respiraci n artificial Novela is an Argentina Argentine novel, written by Ricardo Piglia . It was first published in 1980. Category Argentine novels Category Spanish language novels Category 1980 novels 1980s novel stub Argentina stub es Respiraci n artificial Novela ... more details
Artificial eye may refer to Visual prosthesis , functioning implant designed to restore sight Ocular prosthesis , non functioning cosmetic replacement for a lost eye Artificial Eye , DVD distributor in the USA and UK, specialising in foreign language films disambig ... more details
Image HappyLite.jpg thumb The HappyLite, a type of light therapy . Artificial sunlight is the use of a List of light sources light source to simulate sunlight where the unique benefits of sunlight are needed, but where sufficient natural sunlight is not available or is not feasible. Citation needed date September 2009 A light source used to simulate sunlight is a Solar Simulator solar simulator . Composition of natural sunlight Further2 Sunlight Composition composition of sunlight Image Solar Spectrum.png thumb 250px Solar irradiance spectrum above atmosphere and at surface The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation striking the Earth s atmosphere is 100 to 10 sup 6 sup nanometer nanometer nm . This can be divided into five regions in increasing order of wavelength s ref cite web last Naylor first Mark coauthors Kevin C. Farmer title Sun damage and prevention work Electronic Textbook of Dermatology publisher The Internet Dermatology Society year 1995 url http www.telemedicine.org sundam sundam2.4.1.html accessdate 2008 06 02 ref Ultraviolet C or UVC range Ultraviolet B or UVB range Ultraviolet A or UVA range Visible light Visible range or light Infrared range. It is further divided into three types on the basis of wavelength Infrared A Infrared B Infrared C Applications Illumination Main Full spectrum light It has been claimed that artificial light sources that provide the light of the closest possible spectrum as provided by the Sun have beneficial effects on health and productivity. Citation needed date September 2009 This technology is known as full spectrum light ing. ref ... Light therapy Artificial sunlight is found useful in treating and preventing Seasonal affective disorder ... tends to fall asleep at the same time much after midnight. Citation needed date September 2009 Artificial ... Requirements ref Artificial sunlight solar simulators are also used for sun light exposure testing ... systems References reflist 2 Artificial light sources DEFAULTSORT Artificial Sunlight Category ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
