Unreferenced date December 2009 Artisticmerit is a term that is used in relation to cultural products when referring to the judgment of their perceived quality or value as work of art works of art . Artisticmerit is a crucial term, as pertains to visual art. Citation needed date September 2010 However, many people Who date April 2010 fail to distinguish between the problem of distinguishing art from non art and the problem of distinguishing good art from bad art. In many cases, people claim that such and such object is not art or not real art when they intend to say that they do not consider it to be good or successful art. In Western Europe and its daughter societies from around 1500 to 1870, artisticmerit was closely related to faithfulness to nature not always as literal, precise transcription but certainly as an interest in some aspect of the physical world and sometimes narrative coherence it is notable Says who date September 2010 that in many cases history painting was considered the highest form of art and obedience to classical precepts. This criterion, however, has failed for painting with the rise of photography and film. In general, rigid criteria for artisticmerit tend to fall apart fairly rapidly and the preferred standards for artisticmerit vary across time and place. See also Kitsch Literary merit DEFAULTSORT ArtisticMerit Category Arts Category Aesthetics Category Self censorship Art stub ... more details
Wiktionary merit The term merit constitutes a desirable trait or ability belonging to a person or sometimes an object. It may refer to Merit Catholicism Merit Buddhism Meritocracy merit may also mean Merit band , a rock band from Syracuse, New York Merit cigarette , a brand of cigarettes made by Altria Merit legal , a legal term used in deciding a legal case Merit Network Merit Computer Network Merit pay , term describing performance related pay Merit School of Music , music education organization in metropolitan Chicago, United States Merit, a trading name used by the British toy manufacturer J & L Randall Merit Medical Systems , a medical device company founded in 1987 and headquartered in Utah, United States Merit Energy Company , an international energy company Merit Motion Pictures , a documentary film and television production company based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Merit, in number theory , the value of g sub n sub log p sub n sub see Prime gap Merit good , in economics, a commodity which is judged that an individual or society should have on the basis of need Merit Academy , a high school located in Springville, Utah, United States Merit, Texas , an unincorporated community in Hunt County, Texas, United States Merit Janow , American professor See also lookfrom intitle Meritt disambiguation Merrit disambiguation Merritt disambiguation Demerit disambiguation disambig de Merit it Merit ... more details
Several countries award a military or civil medal called Medal of Merit Medal of Merit of the Dominican Woman Medal of Merit Czech Republic Medal of Merit Denmark Medal of Merit of the National People s Army East Germany Medal of Merit Korea Medal of Merit Malta Medal of Merit Timor Leste Also M daille militaire France disambig ... more details
There are hundreds of decorations that bear the name Cross of Merit . As a rule a cross of merit is higher than a medal but not as esteemed as the grade of Knight in an order of merit. Crosses of Merit Germany The Federal Cross of Merit The Netherlands The Cross of Merit of the Order of the House of Orange The Cross of Merit Netherlands Cross of Merit A decoration for bravery The Cross of Merit of the Dutch Red Cross Poland The Cross of Merit Poland Cross of Merit The Cross of Merit with Swords The Cross of Merit for Bravery See also Order of Merit disambiguation Order of Merit Disambig Category Orders, decorations, and medals nl Kruis van Verdienste ... more details
Literary merit is the quality shared by all works of fiction that are considered to have aesthetic value. sfn Thaler 2008 p 68 The concept of literary merit has been criticized as being necessarily subjective, since personal taste determines aesthetic value, and has been derided as a relic of a scholarly elite . sfn Thaler 2008 p 68 Despite these criticisms, many criteria have been suggested to determine literary merit including standing the test of time, realistic characters, emotional complexity, originality, and concern with truth. sfn Thaler 2008 p 69 70 In 1957, at the obscenity trial for Howl , author Walter Van Tilburg Clark was prodded into defining literary merit. His response outlines several of the popular criteria blockquote The only final test, it seems to me, of literary merit, is the power to endure. Obviously such a test cannot be applied to a new or recent work, and one cannot, I think, offer soundly an opinion on the probability of endurance save on a much wider acquaintance with the work or works of a writer than I have of Mr. Ginsberg s or perhaps even with a greater mass of production than Mr. Ginsberg s. ... Aside from this test of durability, I think the test of literary merit must be, to my mind, first, the sincerity of the writer. I would be willing, I think, even to add the seriousness of purpose of the writer, if we do not by that leave out the fact that a writer can have a fundamental serious purpose and make a humorous approach to it. I would add also there are certain specific ways in which craftsmanship at least of a piece of work, if not in any sense the art, which to my mind involves more, may be tested. sfn Morgan Peters 2006 p 155 156 blockquote See also Artisticmerit Western canon Notes reflist References refbegin cite book last Thaler first Engelbert title Teaching English Literature year 2008 publisher UTB f r Wissenschaft pages 231 ... Literary Merit Category Literary fiction Lit stub ... more details
Portal Scouting Merit badge may refer to Merit badge Boy Scouts of America Merit badge Scouting Ireland See also Military awards and decorations Scout badge disambig Category Awards by subject pl Sprawno ci harcerskie vi Chuy n hi u ... more details
Expert subject Ancient Egypt date February 2009 Merit Ptah c. 2700 BCE was an early physician in ancient Egypt. She is most notable for being the first woman known by name in the history of the field of medicine, and possibly the first named woman in all of science as well. Her picture can be seen on a tomb in the necropolis near the step pyramid of Saqqara . Her son, who was a High Priest, described her as the Chief Physician. The IAU named the impact crater Merit Ptah crater Merit Ptah on Venus after her. Note The physician Merit Ptah should not be confused with Merit Ptah, the wife of Ramose, the Governor of Thebes and Vizier under Amenophis IV , who is depicted with her husband in TT55 in Sheikh Abd el Qurna Western Thebes . References reflist http www.astr.ua.edu 4000WS MERIT PTAH.html Kampp, Friederike Die Thebanische Nekropole Mainz Zabern, 1996 , Vol. I, p. 262. Category 27th century BC women Category Ancient Egyptian women Category Ancient Egyptian physicians Category Ancient Egyptian medicine SPACE Category Ancient women physicians AncientEgypt bio stub es Merit Ptah eu Merit Ptah fa fr M ryt Ptah m decin dans l gypte antique it Merit Ptah hu Meritptah ja pl Merit Ptah pt Merit Ptah sv Merit Ptah war Merit Ptah ... more details
Merit for Knights of Merit in Science, with the post nominal letters KMS and the Order of ArtisticMerit for Knights of Merit in Art, with the post nominal letters KMA . However, Frederic Leighton ...about the Commonwealth realms order similarly named orders Order of Merit disambiguation Infobox order title Order of Merit image File Ingilizliyakat.jpg 200px caption Insignia of the Order of Merit presented ... Dynastic order of knighthood Dynastic order motto FOR MERIT day eligibility All living citizens of the Commonwealth ... on state image2 File Gal de l Orde del M rit UK .png 85px caption2 Ribbon of the Order of Merit The Order of Merit lang fr Ordre du M rite tag ref For use in Canada, in accordance with Official ... Order of Merit publisher Queen s Printer accessdate 28 July 2009 ref ref cite web last Office of the Governor ... of Merit publisher Queen s Printer for Canada accessdate 13 May 2011 ref While all members receive ... last Jackson first Michael D. title The Order of Merit 1902 2002 One Hundred Years of Matchless ... 28 July 2009 ref harv Dead link date September 2010 bot H3llBot ref the Order of Merit s precedence ... Order of Merit was made following the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, in correspondence between ... met on 16 January 1844 with Robert Peel to discuss the idea of institution of a civil Order of Merit ... Marquess of Salisbury Lord Salisbury submitted to the Queen a draft constitution for an Order of Merit ... of Merit It was Victoria s son, Edward VII , who eventually founded the Order of Merit on 26 June ... title The Order of Merit One Hundred Years of Matchless Honour pages xvii place London publication ... ref harv ref the Order of Merit remained an honour open to all the King s realms thus, as with the monarch ... says Order of Merit humbling experience publisher CTV date 14 July 2009 url http www.ctv.ca servlet ... of Merit, such as Rudyard Kipling , A. E. Housman , and George Bernard Shaw . To date, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh , remains the youngest person ever inducted into the Order of Merit, having ... more details
Condign merit meritum de condigno is an aspect of Roman Catholic theology signifying merit with the dignity of Christ. A person born again in Christ, does not merit of his own virtue but the virtues of Christ are applied to his work. Therefore it is God crowning His works. Congruent merit, is the equivalent of condigno merit but applied to an unregenerated person by the goodness of God. In the first case, God has obligated Himself, by His promises to reward His Son s merits in His children. In the second case, God bestows his merit to those who seek Him in faith not from obligation but from mercy and love. In neither case is God obligated by the human. In the first case, God is obligated by His promises to those who love Him. In the second, God is obligated by His love and mercy to His creatures who obey Him. In some formulations of Calvinism , condign merit is not needed because Jesus Atonement in Christianity Atonement is a congruent merit where God gives merit. Condign merit supposes an equality between service and return it is measured by commutative justice, and thus gives a real claim to a reward in the name of Christ. Congruous merit, owing to its inadequacy and the lack of intrinsic proportion between the service and the recompense, claims a reward only on the ground of equity. This early scholastic distinction and terminology, which is already recognized in concept and substance ... condign merit and congruent merit is based on the fact that, besides those works which claim a remuneration ... due to condign merit be withheld, there is a violation of right and justice and the consequent obligation in conscience to make restitution, while, in the case of congruous merit, to withhold ... against what is fitting or a matter of personal discrimination. Hence the reward of congruous merit ... on his good will. See also Merit Catholicism Atonement in Christianity Justification theology Sources Merit Catholic Encyclopedia http www.newadvent.org cathen 10202b.htm references catholic ... more details
Mergeto Open shop date September 2009 A merit shop is a firm or organization whose employees have chosen to perform hiring, promotion, salary adjustments, bonuses and termination based on the laws of the state and federal government, along with the individual s ability to accomplish the tasks assigned to them by their employer. These decisions will not be biased by age, race, national origin, organizational affiliation, seniority, color, creed and sex. The term Merit Shop was coined by John Trimmer, who served from 1952 to 1976 as an officer of the http www.abc.org Associated Builders and Contractors , an American trade association consisting primarily of non union construction contractors. In common usage, merit shop is often synonymous with being non union or open shop . There are many other organizations that represent merit shop companies. For example, the Independent Electrical Contractors represents almost 3,000 open shop electrical and systems contractors in the USA, while also offering apprentice training, as recognized by the Department of Labor. Founded in 1957, the organization represents its member companies small business and merit shop interests at the national, state, and local levels of government. Other merit shop oriented associations include the http meritshopcraftsmen.com Association of Merit Shop Craftsmen and the Merit Shop Roundtable. A definition provided in Merriam Webster s Dictionary of Law 1996 defines merit shop as a noun meaning open shop . See also Closed shop Further reading A. Samuel Cook, Freedom in the Workplace . Regnery Publishing June 20, 2005 Lowest Responsible Bidder A Guide to Merit Shop Construction . Executive Enterprises Publications Co 1985 Category Labour relations ... more details
The merit system is the process of promoting and hiring government employees based on their ability to perform a job, rather than on their political connections. It is the opposite of the spoils system . History The earliest example of a merit system dates back to the Qin and Han dynasties. In order to maintain power over a large, sprawling empire, it became necessary for the government to maintain a complex network of officials. ref name BC Prospective officials could come from a rural background and government positions were not restricted to the nobility. Rank was determined by merit, through the civil service examination s, and education became the key for social mobility. ref name BC Burbank and Cooper 2010 , 51. ref After the fall of the Han Dynasty, the nine rank system was established during the Three Kingdoms period. The concept of a merit system spread from China to British India during the 17th century, and then into continental Europe and the United States. ref name APH Kazin, Edwards, and Rothman 2010 , 142. ref The United States Civil Service utilized the Spoils System since 1828, until the assassination of United States President Garfield by a disappointed office seeker in 1881 proved its dangers. Two years later the system of appointments to the United States Federal Bureaucracy was revamped by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act which made the merit system common practice. The president can only hand out a certain number of jobs which must be approved by the Senate of the United States Senate . The civil service system of Kentucky is named the Merit System . The merit system was started by Robert La Follette. Almost every occupation requires the merit system. Notes reflist References Burbank, Jane and Cooper, Frederick. 2010 . Empires in World History Power and the Politics of Difference . Princeton Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691127085. Kazin ... History Volume 2 . Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691129711. Civil service DEFAULTSORT Merit ... more details
Merit is a brand of cigarette s made by Altria . Image MeritEgypt.jpg frame A Merit pack sold in Egypt. Lawsuit A lawsuit has been filed by the U.S. Department of Justice against Altria Group Philip Morris USA , the cigarettes manufacturer, for concealing information about certain fire hazards of the brand. It has been alleged that the rolling paper used in Merit is excessively flammable to standards. ref http wiki.injuryboard.com topic merit cigarettes.aspx ref USA Varieties Gold Pack Lights Soft Kings & 100s, Box Kings Menthol Gold Pack Lights Soft Kings & 100s Bronze Pack Ultima Soft Kings & 100s, Box Kings & 100s Blue Pack Ultra Lights Soft Kings & 100s, Box Kings & 100s Menthol Silver Pack Ultra Lights Soft Kings & 100s See also Nicotine Tobacco smoking List of cigarette smoke constituents List of additives in cigarettes External links commonscat http morningcigarette.com index.php?page 1&id 91&ds 602&Ingredients 20in 20Cigarettes 20 20Merit Ingredients in Cigarettes Merit References Reflist Altria Cigarettes Category Philip Morris brands it Merit sigarette ... more details
Infobox non profit name Merit Network image File MeritLogo2005.jpg type Non profit member governed founder ... former name Michigan Educational Research Information Triad homepage http www.merit.edu Merit Network ...?bylaw 2 Bylaws of Merit Network, Inc. ref Created in 1966, Merit operates the longest running ... Original Merit logo, c. 1968 center Created in 1966 as the Michigan Educational Research Information ... WSU , ref name Merit1998PartOne http www.merit.edu about history pdf MeritHistory.pdf Merit Who, What, and Why, Part One The Early Years, 1964 1983 , Eric M. Aupperle, Merit Network, Inc., in Library Hi Tech , vol. 16, No. 1 1998 ref Merit was created to investigate resource sharing by connecting ... . Merit s initial three node packet switched computer network was operational in October 1972 using custom hardware based on PDP 11 DEC PDP 11 minicomputers and software developed by the Merit staff ... universities became Merit members. Merit s involvement in national networking activities started ... 1995, Merit re engineered and managed the NSFNET backbone service. ref name NSFNETFinalReport http ..., Final Report , 1987 1995 , Karen D. Frazer, Merit Network, Inc. ref MichNet, Merit s regional network in Michigan was attached to NSFNET and in the early 1990s Merit began extending the Internet throughout .... In 2003 Merit began its transition to a facilities based network, using fiber optic facilities that it shares .... In addition to network connectivity services, Merit offers a number of related services within ... Educational Research Information Triad MERIT was formed in the fall of 1966 by Michigan State ... More often known as the Merit Computer Network or simply Merit, it was created to design and implement ... was named director for MERIT. ref name Merit1989 http www.merit.edu about history article.php A Chronicle of Merit s Early History , John Mulcahy, Merit Network, Inc., 1989 ref ref http doi.ieeecomputersociety.org ... strong Internet pioneer & 91 Eric Aupperle of& 93 Merit celebrates and looks ahead , Jim Duffy ... more details
The concept of a merit good introduced in economics by Richard Musgrave 1957, 1959 is a Good economics and accounting commodity which is judged that an individual or society should have on the basis of some concept of need, rather than ability and willingness to pay. The term is, perhaps, less often used today than it was in the 1960s to 1980s but the concept still lies behind many economic actions by governments which are not performed specifically for financial reasons or by supporting incomes ... education. In many cases, merit goods provide services which it is argued should apply universally ... to a minimum economic activity by government . Sometimes, merit and demerit good s are simply seen as an extension of the idea of externalities. A merit good may be described as a good that has positive ... as a merit good. This is because others who may not now catch the disease from the inoculated person also benefit. However, merit and demerit goods can be defined in a different way which makes it different from externalities. The essence of merit and demerit goods is to do with an information failure ..., a merit good is defined as good that is better for a person than the person who may consume ... for treating some commodities as merit or demerit goods include public goods public goods aspects ... merit good in a democracy. A merit good can be defined as a good which would be under consumed and under produced in the free market economy. This is due to two main reasons When consumed, a merit good ... private benefit and public benefit when a merit good is consumed i.e. the public benefit is greater ... merit goods, it means that they are under consumed and so under produced . Individuals are Myopia ... the long term benefits of consuming a merit good and so they are under consumed. Citation needed .... 13 15. 1987 . merit goods, , The New Palgrave A Dictionary of Economics , v. 3, pp. 452 53. Richard ... version Goodtypes DEFAULTSORT Merit Good Category Goods de Meritorisches Gut fr Bien tut laire ko ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name Merit image caption image size Only for images narrower than 220 pixels background group or band origin Syracuse, New York Syracuse , New York , United States USA genre Rock music Rock br Indie music Indie br Alternative rock Alternative years active 2002 present label Aux Records Aux associated acts website http www.gomeritgo.com gomeritgo.com current members Hal Appleby Singing Vocals , guitar br Wil Mecum Bass guitar br Brenna Merritt Vocals, guitar br Jeff Nelson Drum kit Drums past members Merit is an Indie music indie rock band from Syracuse, New York Syracuse , New York . Band history In 2002, Wil Mecum and Jeff Nelson attending Syracuse University at the time joined forces with local singer songwriter Brenna Merritt, and took a variant spelling of her last name for their new band s name. Hal Appleby rounded out the group. ref Connor, Erin 2006 02 07 . http media.www.dailyorange.com media storage paper522 news 2007 02 06 Feature Local.Band.Aims.To.Play.Texas.Festival 2699007.shtml Local band ... Records , a newly formed Independent record label indie label in Central New York. Merit s first full ... Merit s website . Retrieved on 2006 02 10. ref Since the album release, Merit has made several more ... for release in late 2007. Discography When We Fight 14 song album April 2004, Aux Merit 10 song double ... class references small reflist cite news last Bialczak first Mark title Local Rockers CD Exudes Merit ... accessdate 2007 06 08 cite news title Merit to Play at Crunch Game March 9 publisher OurSports Central ... 06 08 cite news last Bialczak first Mark title Merit Steps Up on National Scene publisher The Post ... cite news last Bialczak first Mark title Merit Continues to Grow publisher The Post Standard date May ... http www.gomeritgo.com Official site http www.myspace.com merit MySpace page http www.auxrecords.com Aux Records DEFAULTSORT Merit Category Musical groups from New York Category American indie rock groups ... more details
UNU MERIT is a joint research and training institute of United Nations University UNU and Maastricht University UM , based in Maastricht in the southeast Netherlands. File UNU MERIT Gate.jpg thumb UNU MERIT front gate in Maastricht, the Netherlands The institute explores the social, political and economic factors that drive technological innovation, with a particular focus on creation, diffusion and access to knowledge. Following the integration of the Maastricht Graduate School of Governance MGSOG MGSoG in December 2010, the institute now covers all aspects of governance in domestic and global organizations, from risk assessment to policy analysis, design and evaluation. In its enlarged form UNU MERIT functions as a research centre and graduate school for over 80 PhD fellows and 100 Master s students, and as a UN think tank addressing a broad range of policy questions on science, innovation and governance. The centre s director is Luc Soete Professor Dr. Luc Soete . External links http www.merit.unu.edu Homepage http twitter.com UNUMERIT Twitter feed http vimeo.com user1986896 Video channel http unu merit.podomatic.com Podcast channel http www.flickr.com photos 59090345 N03 sets 72157626308147229 show Slideshow Office http www.flickr.com photos 59090345 N03 sets 72157626432949386 show Slideshow Field http www.unu.edu United Nations University coord missing Netherlands Category Research institutes in the Netherlands UN stub ... more details
A figure of merit is a quantity used to characterize the performance of a device, system or method, relative to its alternatives. In engineering, figures of merit are often defined for particular materials or devices in order to determine their relative utility for an application. In commerce, such figures are often used as a marketing tool to convince consumers to choose a particular brand. Examples Clock rate of a CPU Calorie s per serving Contrast ratio of an LCD Frequency response of a Loudspeaker speaker Fill factor of a solar cell Image resolution Resolution of the image sensor in a digital camera Detection performance of a sonar system Noise figure of a radio receiver The thermoelectric effect thermoelectric figure of merit, Z, a material constant proportional to the efficiency of a thermoelectric couple made with the material The figure of merit of digital to analog converter DAC is calculated as Power dissipation 2 ENOB Effective Bandwidth J Hz . Luminous efficacy of lighting Battery life of a laptop computer ref http www.nytimes.com 2009 06 25 technology personaltech 25pogue.html Decoding Battery Life For Laptops New York Times, June 25, 2009 ref Benchmark computing Benchmark s are synthetic figures of merit that summarize the speed of computers in performing various typical tasks. Benchmarks designed by a manufacturer generally rate the manufacturer s products more favorably ... systems for communication, figure of merit of a device means the ratio of output Signal to Noise Ratio to the input Signal to Noise Ratio. Amplitude modulation Figure of merit for Amplitude modulation is given by math mathrm frac SNR O,AM SNR C,AM frac k a 2P 1 k a 2P math Figure of merit for DSB ... is inferior to that of a DSB SC receiver or an SSB receiver. Frequency modulation Figure of merit ... truth since the number quoted as a figure of merit may not be enough to determine performance when ... in selling consumer merchandise and have the principal merit of yielding high numbers that can impress ... more details
The Merit Club is a private country club in Gurnee, Illinois Gurnee , a suburb of Chicago , Illinois . Founded in 1990 and co designed by John BigMac McDunnuhh and Ed Oldfield, it features a 6,960 yard 18 hole course. In 2000, it hosted the United States Women s Open Championship golf United States Women s Open Championship that was won by Karrie Webb . It was ranked in the top 100 golf courses in the United States by both Golf Week and Golf Magazine . External links http www.golfcourse.com search coursedtl ga.cfm?clubid 9511&courseid 9524&source GA Golfcourse.com review coord 42 20 14 N 87 57 55 W display title DEFAULTSORT Merit Club Category Golf clubs and courses in Illinois Category Buildings and structures in Lake County, Illinois Golfcourse stub ... more details
Multiple issues orphan March 2012 notability November 2011 unreferenced November 2011 Bureaucracy of Merit is a bureaucracy that the Tang dynasty relied heavily on. Recruited governmental officials from the ranks of candidates who progressed through Confucian education system and mastered a sophisticated curriculum concentration on Chinese literature and philosophy. Most office holders won posts because of intellectual activity. References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist External links Merit system Categories Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Tang Dynasty ... more details
refimprove date February 2008 The Treasury of Merit is the term used in the Roman Catholic Church describing the indulgence s or exchange of God s grace among the faithful. The Treasury of Merit was one of the core complaints of Martin Luther at the start of the Reformation in his The Ninety Five Theses . While Luther did not question that the Treasury of Merit existed, he rejected the belief that the Church had sole possession of it. He believed instead that God had given merits equally to everyone, and thus merits could not be sold by the Church. Early use According to Roman Catholic Church Roman Catholic theology, in the early days of the Church, the great saints accumulated merit , which is earned by all Catholics while doing good work on Earth. The Church had possession of these extra merits and could, in the Church s teaching, grant these in the form of indulgences . In the early church ecclesiastic authorities allowed a confessor or a Christian awaiting martyrdom to intercede for another Christian in order to shorten the time of the other s canon law canonical penance. ref name Oxford Plenary Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. New York Oxford University Press. 2005, article plenary indulgence ref The sixth century Council of Epaon witnesses to the rise of the practice of replacing severe canonical penances with something new and milder. It became customary to commute penance s to less demanding works, such as prayers, alms, fasts and even the payment of fixed sums of money depending on the various kinds of offences tariff penances . Theologians looked to God s mercy, the value of the Church s prayers, and the merits of the saints as the basis on which indulgences could be granted. Around 1230, the Dominican Hugh of St Cher proposed the idea of a Treasure House of Merit thesaurum satisfactionum Christi et Sanctorum at the Church s disposal, consisting of the infinite merits of Christ and the immeasurable abundance of the saints merits ... more details
For other uses see Order of Merit disambiguation The merit order is a way of ranking available sources of energy, especially electrical generation, in ascending order of their short run marginal cost s of production, so that those with the lowest marginal costs are the first ones to be brought online to meet demand, and the plants with the highest marginal costs are the last to be brought on line. The merit order in the British electricity market The merit order was the method used in the electricity market of Great Britain when electrical power generation was the responsibility of a single integrated utility the CEGB . After privatisation of the sector this was replaced by a more complex bidding system, the electricity pool, in 1990 The effect of renewable energy on merit order Increasing the amount of renewable energy on sale lowers the average price per unit of electricity because of the merit order effect. This is because it counteracts the effects of peak demand . The price that UK consumers pay for electricity is the spot price at peak demand. In times of high demand, when the energy produced by every plant is being used the supply is topped up by Peaking power plant peaker demand plants. These emergency plants charge a premium for their electricity. Wind energy has no marginal costs wind energy producers don t need to buy combustion fuel so their electricity is the cheapest and transmission companies buy from them first. Having a supply of very cheap wind electricity substantially reduces the amount of highly priced peak electricity that transmission companies need to buy and thus reduces the overall cost. The effect of intermittency on merit order The zero marginal .... The purpose of the merit order was to enable the lowest net cost electricity to be dispatched first ... cite journal last Sensfuss first Frank last2 Ragwitz first2 Mario title The merit order effect A detailed ... Energy economics energy stub de Merit Order ... more details
Expand article and cite sources buddhism Merit Sanskrit IAST pu ya , P li pu a is a concept in Buddhism . It is that which accumulates as a result of good deeds, acts or thoughts and that carries over to later in life or to a person s next life. Such merit contributes to a person s growth towards liberation. Merit can be gained in a number of ways. In addition, according to the Sutra of The Great Vows of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva , one can transfer 1 7 merit of an act they have performed to a deceased loved one such as in the Shitro practice in order to diminish the deceased s suffering in their new existence. Pari man Sanskrit may be rendered as transfer of merit or dedication and involves the transfer of merit as a cause to bring about an effect. Three bases of merit The Pali canon identifies three bases of merit Pali pu akiriyavatthu . In the IAST Pu akiriyavatthusutta Meritorious actions discourse, Anguttara Nikaya AN 8.36 or A 8.4.6 , ref http www.mettanet.org tipitaka 2Sutta Pitaka 4Anguttara Nikaya Anguttara5 8 atthakanipata 004 danavaggo e.html Upalavanna n.d. , sutta 6. ref the Buddha identifies these three bases Dana Buddhism giving IAST d namaya pu akiriyavatthu la virtue IAST s lamaya pu akiriyavatthu Bhavana mental development IAST bh van maya pu akiriyavatthu In the Sangiti Sutta Chanting together discourse, Digha Nikaya DN 33 , verse 38, Ven. Sariputra Sariputta identifies the same triad d na, s la, bh van . ref Walshe 1995 , p. 485. ref In the Khuddaka Nikaya s Itivuttaka Iti. 1.22 , ref name Thanissaro 2001 Thanissaro 2001 . ref the three bases ... name Thanissaro 2001 br Expand section date January 2007 Merit making Buddhist monk s earn merit ... merit by performing these seven more specific acts honoring others apacayana maya offering service ... 20, The devotee. ref Quantification Merits are quantified in some merit ledgers in China and are said ... concepts Merit de Tam bun ru th uk ... more details
infobox military award name Medal for Merit image File Medal for Merit.jpg 200px caption Obverse and reverse of the Medal for Merit awarded by President of the United States country USA type single grade Civil awards and decorations decoration eligibility Civilians of the United states and allied nations for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services since the proclamation ... image2 File Medal for Merit.svg 100px caption2 Ribbon bar of the medal The Medal for Merit was, during ... Order 9286 Executive Order 9286 Medal for Merit on December 24, 1942, later amended and restated ... for such services submitted after June 30, 1947, shall be considered by the Medal for Merit ... content 99 2571 276.extract accessdate Start date 2011 11 6 ref The Medal for Merit is currently ... the eligibility criteria. Proposals were considered by the Medal for Merit Board, numbering three members ... Accompanying Medal for Merit Awarded to Dean Acheson publisher The American Presidency Project date ... ws index.php?pid 12203 title Citation Accompanying Medal for Merit Honoring Rudolph Forster ... 1946 Elmira Bears Wickenden Stephen J. Zand See also President s Certificate of Merit , for an act or service not sufficiently extraordinary or meritorious to warrant the award of the Medal for Merit ... register codification executive order 09637.html NARA Federal Register Executive Order 9637 Medal for Merit ... Picture of certificate attached to Medal for Merit issued by President Truman to Linus Carl Pauling ... 19&REC 6 Picture of Medal of Merit http topicsinhistory.com wp content uploads 2011 03 FINAL EDITION EXPLORING.pdf Exploring the Medal for Merit , Philip J. Schlegel, 2010. Includes list of recipients. DEFAULTSORT Medal For Merit Category Civil awards and decorations of the United States Category Medal for Merit recipients Category Establishments by United States executive order Category Awards established in 1942 de Medal for Merit pt Medalha Presidencial por M rito ... more details
Cleanup rewrite date May 2009 Merit Latin meritum , in general, is understood to be that property of a good ... theology , a supernatural merit can only be a salutary act to which God in consequence of his infallible promise may give a reward. Nature of meritMerit exists only in works that are positively good ... demerit demeritum and consequently deserve punishment. The relation between merit and reward furnishes ... clearly distinguish two kinds of merit Condign merit or merit in the strict sense of the word meritum ad quatum sive de condigno , and congruous or quasi merit meritum inad quatum sive de congruo . Condign merit supposes an equality between service and return it is measured by commutative justice justitia commutativa , and thus gives a real claim to a reward. Congruous merit, owing to its inadequacy ... due to condign merit be withheld, there is a violation of right and justice and the consequent obligation in conscience to make restitution , while, in the case of congruous merit, to withhold ... of congruous merit always depends in great measure on the kindness and liberality of the giver ... Martin Luther emphasized the merit of Christ by considering justification as entirely the work of God ... by any work, law or merit. Therefore, it is clear and certain that this faith alone justifies ... of Trent upheld the traditional doctrine of merit by insisting that life everlasting is both a grace .... cit., can. xxvi . Conditions of merit In Catholic teaching, for all true merit, there are seven conditions ... in order to have merit, others demand in addition the motive of charity motivum caritatis , and thus ... as distinguished from merely good works . Others again set down as the only condition of merit that the good ... that one who is holier will gain greater merit for a given work than one who is less holy, although ... the value of the merit. Merit requires on the part of God that He accept in actu secundo the good ... of merit, and with which even mere naturally good works may become meritorious. See also Meritocracy ... more details
Merits is a legal concept referring to the inherent rights and wrongs of a legal case , absent of any emotional or technical bias es. The evidence is solely applied to cases decided on the merits, and any Procedural law procedural matters are discounted. External links http www.merriam webster.com dictionary merit Definition from Merriam Webster.com wiktionary Category Legal terms law term stub ... more details
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