Artoxares Pronunciation needed needing not the original Latin Greek pronunciation, but the Anglicized pronunciation that Classics Philosophy History etc. scholars use in English Old Persian Artax ara c. 465 BC after 419 BC was a Paphlagonian eunuch , who played a central role during the reigns of Artaxerxes I and Darius II of Persia . According to Ctesias , when he was twenty years old, he participated in an embassy to the rebel satrap Megabyzus . King Artaxerxes I and the rebel reconciled c. 445 BC . Nevertheless, Megabyzus fell again in disgrace and was exiled to a Persian Gulf town. Artoxares, who had helped Megabyzus to get the favour of the king, was expelled from the court to Armenia . It has been argued that he actually was appointed to the charge of satrap of Armenia, but it is not explicitly stated by Ctesias. When Artaxerxes died 424 BC , his sons Xerxes II , Sogdianus and Darius II Ochus started a civil war. As well as Arbarius , cavalry commander, and Arsames satrap Arsames , satrap of Egypt , Artoxares followed Darius. When Darius defeated his brothers, Artoxares became one of the most powerful members of the court. Nevertheless, after a short time he plotted against the new king, and was executed by the order of queen Parysatis . Artoxares plot took place just after the revolts of Arsites and Artyphius , and of the satrap Pissuthnes . From the Murashu family archives from Nippur , we know a certain Artahshar Artah ar , who has been identified with the Artoxares of the classical sources. According to this archives, the domains of Manu t nu identified with Menostanes , a follower of Sogdianus passed to Artah ar after Darius coronation. Artoxares could have inspired the Ancient Greece Greek playwright Aristophanes for the Plaphagonian character in his play The Knights ... clabus00.html Dandamayev, M. Artoxares , in the Encyclopaedia Iranica Lendering, J. http www.livius.org ... Category 5th century BC people Category Achaemenid people ca Artoxares es Artoxares hr Artoksaro ... more details
Menostanes Pronunciation needed needing not the original Latin Greek pronunciation, but the Anglicized pronunciation that Classics Philosophy History etc. scholars use in English ? 423 BC was a Persian Empire Persian prince, son of Artarius the satrap of Babylonia and thus nephew of king Artaxerxes I . Around 445 BC he commanded the Persian army against the rebel satrap Megabyzus , being defeated as was the previous commander, Usiris. The peace was signed c. 444 BC after negotiations in which his father Artarius took part. Artaxerxes I died in 423 BC and was succeeded by his son Xerxes II , who 55 days after was murdered by his half brother Sogdianus , Menostanes and the eunuch Pharnacias . Sogdianus became king and named Menostanes prime minister and chief of the army. However, Sogdianus was later defeated and put to dead by Ochus, another brother, who took the throne and changed his name to Darius II of Persia Darius II . Pharnacias was executed and Menostanes committed suicide. Apart from Ctesias there are no Classical Antiquity Classical sources on Menostanes, but he appears to be mentioned in some cuneiform tablets of the Murashu family from the Babylonian city of Nippur , where is called Manu t nu . As can be seen from the Murashu Archive , Menostanes owned large Estate house estate s near Nippur. Strikingly, in 423 BC his domains passed to certain Artah ar , who was identified with Artoxares , a follower of Darius II. Classical references Ctesias , 41, 48, 49, 51 http www.livius.org ct cz ctesias photius persica2.html Bibliography Dandamaev, M A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire 1989 . Donbaz, V., & Stolper, M. http www.achemenet.com pdf nabu nabu1993 102.pdf Gleanings from Mura Texts in the Collections of the Istanbul Archaeological Museums , in NABU 1993. Lendering, J. http www.livius.org mea mem megabyzus megabyzus02.html Megabyzus 2 , in http www.livius.org Lendering, J. http www.livius.org x xerxes xerxes ii.html Xerxes II and Sogdianus , in h ... more details
saved book title Eunuchs subtitle cover image 1749 eunuch.jpg cover color Beige Eunuchs Overview Eunuch Castrato Famous eunuchs Aetios eunuch Aetios Artoxares Bagoas Bagoas courtier Bagoas Basil Lekapenos Cai Lun Cao Jie eunuch Cao Jie Cao Teng Cheng Kuang Cheng Yuanzhen Chrysaphius Duan Gui Ebed Melech Eight Tigers Eleutherius exarch Eleutherius Eusebius praepositus sacri cubiculi Eusebius Eustratius Garidas Eutropius consul Eutropius Feng Xu Galli Gang Bing Ganymedes eunuch Ganymedes Gao Lishi Guo Sheng eunuch Guo Sheng Hadim Ali Pasha Had n Suleiman Pasha Halotus Heraclius primicerius sacri cubiculi Heraclius Hermotimus of Pedasa Hong Bao Hou Lan Huang Hao Jian Shuo John the Eunuch Judar Pasha Lausus eunuch Lausus Li Fuguo Li Lianying Liu Jin Melito of Sardis Mohammad Khan Qajar Narses Nguyen An Nikephoritzes Origen Patriarch Germanus I of Constantinople Patriarch Nicetas I of Constantinople Peter Phokas Philetaerus Philip of Mahdia Pothinus Qiu Shiliang Samonas Sima Qian Staurakios eunuch Staurakios Sun Cheng Sun Yaoting Ten Attendants Tian Lingzi Tong Guan Tutu Chengcui Wang Jinghong Wang Shoucheng Wang Zhen eunuch Wang Zhen Wei Zhongxian Wimund Xia Yun Yang Fugong Yang Fuguang Yishiha Yu Chao en Zhang Rang Zhao Gao Zhao Zhong Zheng He Zheng Zhong Zhou Man Zong Ai Zuo Feng ... more details
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