Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image Morelasci.jpg thumb 255px right Asci of Morchella elata , containing ascospores An ascospore is a spore contained in an ascus or that was produced inside an ascus. This kind of spore is specific to fungi classified as ascomycete s Ascomycota . Typically, a single ascus will contain eight ascospores. The eight spores are produced by a combination of a meiotic division followed by a mitotic division. The meiosis division turns the original diploid zygote nucleus into four haploid ones. That is, the single original cell from which the whole process begins contains two complete sets of chromosome s. In preparation for meiosis, all the DNA of both sets is duplicated, to make a total of four sets. The nucleus that contains the four sets divides in two stages, separating into four new nuclei each of which has one complete set of chromosomes. Following this process, each of the four new nuclei duplicates its DNA and undergoes a division by mitosis. As a result, the ascus will contain four pairs of spores. The Fungi Saccharomyces produces ascospores when grown on V 8 medium, acetate ascospor agar, or Gorodkowa medium. These ascospores are globose and located in asci. Each ascus contains one to four ascospores. The asci do not rupture at maturity. Ascospores are stained with Kinyoun stain and ascospore stain. When stained with Gram stain, ascospores are gram negative while vegetative cells are gram positive. Fungus structure Category Ascomycota Category Germ cells Category Fungal morphology and anatomy Ascomycetes stub ca Asc spora cs Askospora es Ascospora kk nl Ascospore pl Askospory ru uk ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Sordariaceae regnum Fungi divisio Ascomycota subdivisio Pezizomycotina ordo Sordariales familia Sordariaceae genus Gelasinospora Gelasinospora is a genus of fungi within the order Sordariales . Reproduction Gelasinospora as a genus is made up of perithecia l fungi, meaning that they discharge their ascospore s through an ostiole . Spore s do not germinate easily, needing a treatment of temperature, chemicals or a combination of the two to initiate germination. Like most ascomycetes , Gelasinospora species typically have 8 spores in each ascus . References C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell, Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004 ISBN 0 471 52229 5 Category Sordariales Ascomycota stub ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Pisolithus tinctorius image Pisolithus tinctorus cross.JPG image width 200px image caption regnum Fungi divisio Basidiomycota classis Agaricomycetes ordo Boletales familia Sclerodermataceae genus Pisolithus species P. tinctorius binomial Pisolithus tinctorius binomial authority Known in Australia as the horse dung fungus and in Europe as the Bohemian truffle , Pisolithus tinctorius is a widespread Sclerodermataceae earth ball like fungus, which may in fact be several closely related species. This puffball s black viscous gel is used as a natural dye for clothes. http botit.botany.wisc.edu toms fungi jun2003.html Commons Pisolithus arhizus External links http healing mushrooms.net archives pisolithus tinctorius.html Medicinal Mushrooms Description, medicinal properties, and bioactive compounds http botit.botany.wisc.edu toms fungi jun2003.html Pisolithus tinctorius http www.mushroomexpert.com pisolithus tinctorius.html Mushroomexpert.com See also Portal Fungi Puffball Ascospore Mycorrhizae DEFAULTSORT Pisolithus Tinctorius Category Boletales Boletales stub cs M ch p se n de Gemeiner Erbsenstreuling ru fi Hernekuukunen vi Pisolithus tinctorius ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Lazuardia image image width image caption regnum Fungi phylum Ascomycota classis Pezizomycetes ordo Pezizales familia Pyronemataceae genus Lazuardia genus authority Rifai 1988 type species Lazuardia lobata type species authority Berk. & M.A. Curtis Rifai 1988 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Lazuardia is a monotypic genus of cup fungi in the family Pyronemataceae . The type species , Lazuardia lobata , may be found growing on the ground in Ceylon , India , Java , Sumatra , Cuba , Jamaica and Trinidad . ref name Rifai1988 Rifai M. 1988 . Lazuardia , a new genus of Peziza lobata . Mycotaxon 31 1 239 244. ref Ascospore s have dimensions of 8.4 11.4 micrometre m . ref name Rifai1988 References reflist External links http www.indexfungorum.org Names genusrecord.asp?RecordID 25185 Index Fungorum Category Pezizales Category Monotypic fungi genera Pezizomycetes stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Aleuria image Aleuria aurantia ww1.jpg image width 300px regnum Fungi phylum Ascomycota classis Pezizomycetes familia Pyronemataceae genus Aleuria genus authority Karl Wilhelm Gottlieb Leopold Fuckel Fuckel 1870 type species Aleuria aurantia type species authority Christian Hendrik Persoon Pers. Fuckel 1870 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Aleuria aurantia br Aleuria rhenana Aleuria is a genus of cup fungi within the phylum Ascomycota . The best known species is Aleuria aurantia Orange peel fungus . Aleuria species are saprobe s. Morphology This genus is distinguished by the lack of gills, and epigeous nature. The ascospore s are distinctly reticulate . Species are typically but not always bright in color. ascocarp s are typically over 1 cm in diameter. References C.J. Alexopolous, Charles W. Mims, M. Blackwell et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken NJ, 2004 ISBN 0 471 52229 5 External links http www.indexfungorum.org Names genusrecord.asp?RecordID 119 Index Fungorum Category Pezizales Pezizomycetes stub fr Aleuria it Aleuria ... more details
Image Tomatoes plain and sliced.jpg thumb A bi locular tomato fruit. Image Cuor di bue 3in1.jpg thumb A multi locular tomato fruit. A locule pl. locules or loculi from Latin loculus , meaning little place is a small cavity or compartment within an organ or part of an organism animal , plant or fungus . In plants, the term locule usually refers to a chamber within an Ovary plants ovary gynoecium or carpel of the flower and fruit s . Depending on the number of locules in the ovary, carpels and fruits can be classified as uni locular , bi locular or multi locular . The locules contain the ovule s or seed s. The term may also refer to chambers within anther s containing pollen . In the Loculoascomycetes , a group of Ascomycete sac fungi , locules are chambers similar to perithecium perithecia , but hollowed out from the host tissue rather than being a preformed structure. For this reason, a single locule is referred to as a pseudothecium. Locules do, however, still contain ascus asci ,which hold ascospore s, as perithecia do. Category Plant anatomy Category Plant morphology Category Fungal morphology and anatomy botany stub ca L cul pt L culo ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Trichophaeopsis image image width image caption regnum Fungi phylum Ascomycota classis Pezizomycetes ordo Pezizales familia Pyronemataceae genus Trichophaeopsis ref Korf RP, Erb RW. 1972 . The new genus Trichophaeopsis . Phytologia 24 1 15&ndash 19. ref genus authority Korf & Erb 1972 type species Trichophaeopsis bicuspis type species authority Boud. Korf & Erb 1972 subdivision ranks Species subdivision T. bicuspis ref Korf RP. 1977 . Ascospore guttulation in Trichophaeopsis bicuspis and in its subspecies Trichophaeopsis bicuspis eguttulispora new combination new status. Mycotaxon 5 2 511&ndash 514. ref br T. latispora ref Moravec J. 1979 . Trichophaeopsis latispora new species of discomycete from Moravia Czechoslovakia. Ceska Mykologie 33 1 13&ndash 18. ref br T. paludosa br T. tetraspora ref Dissing H, Paulsen MD. 1975 . Trichophaeopsis tetraspora , a new coprophilous discomycete from Denmark. Botanisk Tidsskrift 70 2&ndash 3 147&ndash 151. ref Trichophaeopsis is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae . References reflist External links http www.indexfungorum.org Names genusrecord.asp?RecordID 5575 Index Fungorum Category Pezizales Pezizomycetes stub ... more details
Taxobox image image width image caption regnum Fungi divisio Ascomycota classis Lecanoromycetes ordo Teloschistales familia Caliciaceae genus Texosporium genus authority N dv. ex Tibell & Hofsten type species Texosporium sancti jacobi type species authority Tuck. N dv. ex Tibell & Hofsten Texosporium is a genus of lichen ized fungi in the family Caliciaceae . ref cite journal last Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. year 2007 month December title Outline of Ascomycota &ndash 2007 journal Myconet volume 13 issue pages 1 58 id url http www.fieldmuseum.org myconet outline.asp accessdate publisher The Field Museum, Department of Botany, Chicago, USA ref This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Texosporium sancti jacobi , found in the USA. The genus is characterized by ascospore s that are coated with a layer of cells derived from the paraphyses . ref name Kirk2008 cite book author Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. title Dictionary of the Fungi edition 10th publisher CABI location Wallingford year 2008 page 684 isbn 978 0 85199 826 8 ref References reflist External links IndexFungorum 5387 Category Fungi of North America Category Teloschistales Category Lichens Category Monotypic fungi genera Lecanoromycetes stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Coccomyces clavatus image image width image caption regnum Fungi divisio Ascomycota subdivisio Pezizomycotina classis Leotiomycetes ordo Rhytismatales familia Rhytismataceae genus Coccomyces species C. clavatus binomial Coccomyces clavatus binomial authority Peter Johnston mycologist Johnston , 1986 Coccomyces clavatus is a species of foliicolous fungus found on fallen phylloclade s of Phyllocladus alpinus in New Zealand . The ascocarp s are angular, up to 0.8 mm in diameter, forming within pale yellow lesion s. The ascus asci have a broad apex and the paraphyses are unbranched. This species is very similar to Coccomyces phyllocladi , found on the same host, and can only be distinguished by the smaller, wiktionary clavate clavate ascospore s. References cite journal author P. R. Johnson title Rhytismataceae in New Zealand 1. Some foliicolous species of Coccomyces de Notaris and Propolis Fries Corda volume 24 pages 89 124 year 1986 journal New Zealand Journal of Botany url http www.royalsociety.org.nz media publications journals nzjb 1986 005.pdf Category Leotiomycetes Category Fungi described in 1986 Leotiomycetes stub ... more details
Taxobox image Sordaria fimicola perithecium tan mutant 40X.png image caption Sordaria fimicola perithecium image width 240px regnum Fungus Fungi phylum Ascomycota classis Ascomycetes ordo Sphaeriales familia Sordariaceae genus Sordaria species S. fimicola binomial Sordaria fimicola binomial authority Roberge ex John Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazi res Desm. Vincenzo de Cesati Ces. & De Not. Sordaria fimicola is a species of microscopic fungus . It is commonly found in the feces of herbivore s. Sordaria fimicola is often used in introductory biology and mycology labs because it is easy to grow on nutrient agar in dish cultures. The genus Sordaria , closely related to Neurospora and Podospora , is a member of the large class Pyrenomycetes , or flask fungi. The natural habitat of the three species of Sordaria that have been the principal subjects in genetic studies is dung of herbivorous animals. The species S. fimicola is common and worldwide in distribution. The species of Sordaria are similar morphology biology morphologically , producing black perithecia containing asci with eight dark ascospore s in a linear arrangement. These species share a number of characteristics that are advantageous for genetic studies. They all have a short biological life cycle life cycle , usually 7 12 days, and are easily grown in culture. Most species are self fertile and each strain is isogenic. All kinds of mutants are easily induced and readily obtainable with particular ascospore color mutants. These visual mutants aid in tetrad analysis , especially in analysis of intragenic recombination. ref cite book author Alexopoulos CJ, Mims CW, Blackwell M. title Introductory Mycology year 1996 publisher John Wiley and Sons page 361 isbn 0 471 52229 5 ref The most common form of S. fimicola is a dark brown. Certain mutants are grey or tan. A common experiment for an introductory biology lab class is to cross one of the mutant types with a wild type and observe the ratio of coloring in th ... more details
Taxobox name Venturia inaequalis image Apple scab SEM.jpg image caption The reproductive conidia of Venturia inaequalis erupting through the cuticle of a crabapple leaf regnum Fungi divisio Ascomycota subdivisio Pezizomycotina classis Dothideomycetes ordo Pleosporales familia Venturiaceae genus Venturia genus Venturia species V. inaequalis binomial Venturia inaequalis binomial authority Cooke Wint. Venturia inaequalis is an ascomycete fungus that causes the Apple scab disease. Systematics Venturia inaequalis anamorph s have been described under the names Fusicladium dendriticum and Spilocaea pomi . Whether V. inaequalis is a single species or contains several cryptic species has been a matter of debate for a long time. Recent genetic studies have revealed a considerable uniformity of the species. In addition, the fungus Spilocaea pyracanthae , a parasite of Pyracantha appeared not to genetically differ from V. inaequalis , being thus a special form of the latter. Morphology The fruiting bodies , ascocarp s appear in the form of Pseudothecium pseudothecia . They are solitary and embedded into the host plant tissue. A pseudothecium has small dark hairs around its opening, and contains pseudoparaphyse s along with ascus asci . The asci contain eight haploid ascospore s. The haploid chromosome number of V. inaequalis is seven. Life cycle The infection cycle begins in the springtime, when suitable temperatures and moisture promote the release of V. inaequalis ascospore s. These spores rise into the air and land on the surface of a susceptible tree, where they germinate and form a germ tube that can directly penetrate the plant s waxy Plant cuticle cuticle . A fungal mycelium forms between the cuticle and underlying Epidermis botany epidermal tissue, developing asexual reproduction asexually the conidia , that germinate on fresh areas of the host tree, which in turn produce another generation of conidial spores. This cycle of secondary infection s continues throughout the ... more details
Taxobox name Laboulbeniomycetes image Herpomyces micrograph.jpg image caption Herpomyces sp. micrograph regnum Fungi divisio Ascomycota subdivisio Pezizomycotina classis Laboulbeniomycetes classis authority Engler 1898 subdivision ranks Orders subdivision Laboulbeniales br Pyxidiophorales The Laboulbeniomycetes are a unique group of fungus fungi that are apparent external parasites of insect s and other arthropod s, both terrestrial and aquatic. These fungi are minute their fruiting bodies commonly measure less than one millimeter. They live on the antennae, the mouthparts or other body regions of their arthropod hosts. Although several species of Laboulbeniomycetes have more or less extensive, root like hyphal systems haustorium haustoria inside their hosts, as a group these fungi are apparently harmless to the animals they live on. These fungi are usually apparent only on adult hosts apparently immature arthropods eliminate them during ecdysis adult arthropods no longer molt . Some fungi in the Laboulbeniomycetes have separate female and male individuals, like Herpomyces . In the micrograph to the right, two flask shaped, about 0.3 mm long female fruting bodies of Herpomyces periplanetae can be seen. They are full of ascospore s. Between them, there are two short, finger like male individuals. Below, a part of a striated foot cell is visible. In nature, the fruiting bodies sit on the foot cell, which lies on the insect s antennae. Herpomyces periplanetae is a very widespread parasite on the antennae of adult cockroach es in the genus Periplaneta , like the common American cockroach , Periplaneta americana . External links cite web url http www.fieldmuseum.org myconet outline.asp classLabou title Myconet Outline of Ascomycota 2007 format work accessdate 2008 12 07 Fungi classification Category Ascomycota de Laboulbeniomycetes es Laboulbeniomycetes eo Laboulbeniomycetes fr Laboulbeniomycetes ko nl Laboulbeniomycetes pl Owadoro la pt Laboulbeniomycetes r ... more details
Taxobox image Tuinboon Chocoladevlekkenziekte.jpg image width 200px regnum Fungus Fungi phylum Ascomycota subphylum Pezizomycotina classis Leotiomycetes ordo Helotiales familia Sclerotiniaceae genus Botryotinia genus authority Whetzel type species Botryotinia convoluta type species authority Drayton Whetzel Botryotinia is a genus of ascomycete fungi causing several plant diseases. The anamorph s of Botryotinia are mostly included in the Deuteromycetes imperfect fungi genus Botrytis . The genus contains 22 species and one hybrid. Plant diseases caused by Botryotinia species appear primarily as blossom blight s and fruit Decomposition rot s but also as leaf spots and bulb rots in the field and in stored products. The fungi induce host cell death resulting in progressive decay of infected plant tissue, whence they take nutrients. Sexual reproduction takes place with ascospore s produced in apothecium apothecia , conidia are the means of asexual reproduction . Sclerotium Sclerotia of plano convexoid shape are typical. Some species also cause damping off , killing seeds or seedling s during or before germination . Botryotinia fuckeliana or its anamorph Botrytis cinerea is an important species for wine industry as well as horticulture. Other economically important species include Botryotinia convoluta the type species of the genus , Botryotinia polyblastis , Botrytis allii and Botrytis fabae . References Staats et al.2004 http mbe.oxfordjournals.org cgi content full 22 2 333 Synoptic keys to the inoperculate stromatic discomycetes in the Nordic countries http biologi.uio.no bot ascomycetes Sclero.key.html anchor921766 External links http www.indexfungorum.org Names genusrecord.asp?RecordID 638 Index Fungorum Cite EB1911 Botrytis short x Category Sclerotiniaceae Category Plant pathogens and diseases Leotiomycetes stub plant disease stub de Botrytis es Botrytis fr Botrytis lt Kekeras pt Botrytis ... more details
Taxobox image Chaetonium Acremonium perithecium 40X.png image caption A Chaetomium perithecium image width 240px regnum Fungi divisio Ascomycota classis Sordariomycetes ordo Sordariales familia Chaetomiaceae genus Chaetomium genus authority Otto Kuntze Kuntze 1817 type species Chaetomium globosum type species authority Kunze ex Elias Magnus Fries Fr. 1829 subdivision ranks Species subdivision 95 Image Chaetonium Acremonium ascospores 160X 2 .png thumbnail left Chaetomium ascospore s with their characteristic football shape Chaetomium is a genus of fungi in the Chaetomiaceae family. It is a dematiaceous dark walled mold normally found in soil, air, and plant debris. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi 10th edition, 2008 , there are about 95 species in the widespread genus. ref name Kirk2008 As well as being a contaminant, Chaetomium spp. are also encountered as causative agents of infections in humans. A few cases of fatal deep infections due to Chaetomium atrobrunneum have been reported in the immunocompromised host. Other clinical syndromes include brain abscess, peritonitis , and onychomycosis . Chaetomium infections in humans can be avoided by proper hygiene habits. For instance, the Sohnian Kittah strain s presence can often be eliminated entirely with household products. A little known fact is that showering with soap after working out in a community gymnasium will help reduce the chance for infection. Citation needed date January 2009 Selected species Chaetomium atrobrunneum Chaetomium carinthiacum Chaetomium cupreum Chaetomium elatum Chaetomium funicola Chaetomium globosum Chaetomium grande Chaetomium interruptum Chaetomium iranianum Chaetomium megalocarpum Chaetomium rectangulare Chaetomium strumarium Chaetomium truncatulum Chaetomium olivaceum Chaetomium undulatulum References Reflist refs ref name Kirk2008 cite book author Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. title Dictionary of the Fungi edition 10th publisher CABI location Wallingford, UK yea ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Cordyceps subsessilis image image width 200px image caption regnum Fungus Fungi phylum Ascomycota classis Sordariomycetes ordo Hypocreales familia Clavicipitaceae genus Cordyceps species C. subsessilis binomial Cordyceps subsessilis binomial authority Petch Cordyceps subsessilis is a rare ascomycete fungus that is a pathogen of scarab beetle s. Description Cordyceps subsessilis forms a small, compound ascocarp that arises from the cadaver of its host beetle. The stalk is cylindrical but loosely constructed of pale hyphae, and is surmounted by a small crown of naked yellow perithecia . Filamentous, multicellular ascospore s are discharged into the air from Ascus asci in the perithecia. The ascospores break easily into uninucleate part spores, each of which is presumably capable of causing infection in a suitable host, or germinating to grow asexually in soil. The asexual state of C. subsessilis is a white mold known as Tolypocladium inflatum . This mold is commonly isolated from soil, and is the original source of ciclosporin , an immunosuppresive drug used to prevent rejection following organ and bone marrow transplantation. It is also used in the treatment of the following diseases nephrotic syndrome, refractory Crohn s disease and ulcerative colitis, biliary cirrhosis, aplastic anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, and dermatomytosis. External links http tomvolkfungi.net Cordyceps subsessilis at Tom Volk s Fungi http 3dchem.com molecules.asp?ID 32 Chemical structure of ciclosporin http www.plantpath.cornell.edu Labs Hodge G tolypocladium.html Tolypocladium at Hodge Lab, Cornell University http cordyceps.us An Electronic Monograph of Cordyceps and Related Fungi DEFAULTSORT Cordyceps Subsessilis Category Hypocreales Category Parasitic fungi Hypocreales stub parasite stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox image Biatora printzenii 123946.jpg image width 240px image caption Soralia of Biatora printzenii , magnified 30X regnum Fungi divisio Ascomycota classis Lecanoromycetes ordo Lecanorales familia Ramalinaceae genus Biatora genus authority Elias Magnus Fries Fr. type species Biatora vernalis type species authority Carl Linnaeus L. Elias Magnus Fries Fr. subdivision ranks Species subdivision Biatora is a genus of lichen ized fungi in the family Ramalinaceae . ref name Lumbsch2007 cite journal last Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. year 2007 month December title Outline of Ascomycota 2007 journal Myconet volume 13 issue pages 1 58 id url http www.fieldmuseum.org myconet outline.asp accessdate publisher The Field Museum, Department of Botany, Chicago, USA ref First described in 1817, ref Fries EM, Sandberg A. 1817 . Lichenum dianome nova . Lund. ref the genus consists of crustose lichens with green algae green algal photobionts, biatorine apothecia , colorless, simple to 3 septate ascospore s, and bacilliform pycnospores. ref name Printzen1999 Printzen C, T nsberg T. 1999 . The lichen genus Biatora in northwestern North America. The Bryologist 102 4 692 713. ref According to the Dictionary of the Fungi 10th edition, 2008 , the genus contains 42 species that are widely disributed in temperate areas. ref name Kirk2008 cite book author Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. title Dictionary of the Fungi edition 10th publisher CABI location Wallingford, UK year 2008 page 86 isbn 978 0 85199 826 8 ref References Reflist External links IndexFungorum 558 Category Lichens Category Lecanorales Lecanoromycetes stub es Biatora ... more details
Taxobox image Bacidia schweinitzii 5.jpg image width image caption Herbarium specimen of Bacidia schweinitzii regnum Fungi divisio Ascomycota classis Lecanoromycetes ordo Lecanorales familia Ramalinaceae genus Bacidia genus authority De Not. ref cite journal author De Notaris G. year 1846 title Frammenti lichenografici di un lavoro inedito journal Giornale botanico Italiano volume 2 issue 1 pages 174 224 language Italian ref type species Bacidia rosella type species authority Christian Hendrik Persoon Pers. De Not. subdivision ranks Species subdivision Bacidia is a lichen ized genus of fungi in the family Ramalinaceae . The genus was first described by Giuseppe De Notaris in 1846. Species in the genus are crust like lichens with stemless apothecia they have green algae chloroccoid as photobionts. Their ascus asci have 8 colorless, cylindrical to acicular, multiseptate ascospore spores , with curved and thread like conidia . ref Cite web url http www.nybg.org bsci lichens ozarks Bacidia.html title BACIDIA De Not. author date work Lichens of the Ozarks publisher accessdate 2009 10 21 ref References reflist Gallery gallery Image Bacidia schweinitzii 8.jpg Cross section of an apothecium of B. schweinitzii , photographed through a compound microscope x1000 , showing a green epihymenium and a dark reddish brown hypothecium Image Bacidia schweinitzii 7.jpg Acicular spore of B. schweinitzii , 65 x 6 micrometres, photographed through a compound microscope, x1000 gallery External links http www.indexfungorum.org Names genusrecord.asp?RecordID 475 Bacidia at Index Fungorum commons category Bacidia Category Lichens Category Lecanorales Lecanoromycetes stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Chaetothiersia image image width image caption regnum Fungi phylum Ascomycota classis Pezizomycetes ordo Pezizales familia Pyronemataceae genus Chaetothiersia genus authority B.A. Perry & Pfister 2008 type species Chaetothiersia vernalis type species authority B.A. Perry & Pfister 2008 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Chaetothiersia is a genus of fungi in the family Pyronemataceae . It is monotypic , containing the single species Chaetothiersia vernalis collected from the northern High Sierra Nevada U.S. Sierra Nevada of California . ref name Perry2008 Perry BA. 2008 . Chaetothiersia vernalis , a new genus and species of Pyronemataceae Ascomycota, Pezizales from California. Fungal Diversity 28 65 72. http www.fungaldiversity.org fdp sfdp 28 6.pdf PDF ref It has been found growing in groups on the decaying wood and bark of the conifer Abies magnifica . ref name Perry2008 Description This species is characterized by having stiff brown hairs on the surface of the ectal excipulum, the outer layer of the apothecium . The ectal excipulum is thin, and made of roughly spherical to somewhat spherical angular cells. Its ascospore s are smooth, and do not contain oil droplets. Etymology The etymology of the generic name is derived from the Latin language Latin chaeto , meaning hairy, and thiersia , in honor of mycologist Harry Delbert Thiers Harry Thiers , one of the first to collect this specimen. ref name Perry2008 Lookalikes Genera with species that bear a resemblance to C. vernalis include Geopora , Humaria , Trichophaea , Trichophaeopsis , Tricharina , most of which are distinguishable only by examining microscopic characteristics. ref name Perry2008 References reflist External links http www.indexfungorum.org Names genusrecord.asp?RecordID 510433 Index Fungorum http www.mykoweb.com CAF species Chaetothiersia vernalis.html California Fungi Photograph Category Pezizales Category Monotypic fungi genera Category Fungi described in 2008 Category ... more details
Taxobox color lightblue image Metarhiz Oryctes Dipolog.jpg image width 250px image caption Remains of Oryctes rhinoceros adult infected with M. majus Dipolog , Mindanao , Philippines 1977 regnum Fungi subregnum Dikarya phylum Ascomycota classis Sordariomycetes ordo Hypocreales familia Clavicipitaceae genus Metarhizium species M. majus binomial Metarhizium majus binomial authority J.R. Johnst. J.F. Bisch., Rehner & Humber 2009 Metarhizium majus ref name Bischoff, Rehner & Humber 2009 cite journal doi 10.3852 07 202 title A multilocus phylogeny of the Metarhizium anisopliae lineage journal Mycologia volume 101 pages 512 530 year 2009 author Bischoff J.F., Rehner S.A. and Humber R.A. pmid 19623931 issue 4 ref is the new name given to a group of fungal genetic isolate isolates that are known to be virulent against species Scarabaeidae Scarabaeidae , a family biology family of beetles. Previously, this species has had Variety biology variety status in Metarhizium anisopliae var. majus and its name is derived from characteristically very large ascospore spores typically 2.5 4 m x 10 14 micrometre m long for the genus Metarhizium . There has been considerable interest in developing isolates of this species into biological pesticide mycoinsecticides especially for coconut and oil palm beetle pests in SE Asia, the Pacific region and Africa. Important Isolates The epitype is isolate ARSEF 1914 derived from a dried US National Fungus Collection culture BPI 878297 sup 1 sup . References reflist See also Metarhizium DEFAULTSORT Metarhizium Majus Category Hypocreales Category Parasitic fungi Hypocreales stub ... more details
Taxobox regnum Fungi divisio Ascomycota classis Lecanoromycetes ordo Lecanorales familia Parmeliaceae genus Oropogon genus authority Th. Fr. Oropogon is a genus of lichen ised ascomycota ascomycete s in the large family Parmeliaceae . It is a genus of roughly 40 currently accepted species . ref name Crespo, et al. cite journal pages 812 24 doi 10.1016 j.ympev.2006.11.029 title Testing morphology based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in Parmeliaceae Ascomycota using three ribosomal markers and the nuclear RPB1 gene year 2007 last1 Crespo first1 Ana last2 Lumbsch first2 H. Thorsten last3 Mattsson first3 Jan Eric last4 Blanco first4 Oscar last5 Divakar first5 Pradeep K. last6 Articus first6 Kristina last7 Wiklund first7 Elisabeth last8 Bawingan first8 Paulina A. last9 Wedin first9 Mats journal Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution volume 44 issue 2 pmid 17276700 ref It was previously included in the family Alectoriaceae, but this group has since been subsumed into the Parmeliaceae. All members of the genus have a fruticose growth form. The most obvious synapomorphy synapomorphic character which separates Oropogon from the rest of the family is the large brown, muriform, ascospore s which occur singly in each ascus . ref name Esslinger cite journal jstor 25027728 pages 1 111 last1 Esslinger first1 T. L. title Systematics of Oropogon Alectoriaceae in the New World volume 28 journal Systematic Botany Monographs year 1989 doi 10.2307 25027728 ref References reflist Category Parmeliaceae Category Lichens ... more details
Infobox Person name David Dexter Perkins birth date May 2, 1919 death date death date and age 2007 1 2 1919 5 2 occupation geneticist David Dexter Perkins May 2, 1919 &ndash January 2, 2007 was an American geneticist , a member of the faculty of Stanford University for more than 58 years, from 1948 until his death in 2007. He received his PhD in Zoology in 1949 from Columbia University . A member of the United States National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Sciences , he served as President of the Genetics Society of America in 1977. In a scientific career that spanned more than six decades, Perkins collaborated on more than 300 papers. His associates included many graduate students and postdoctoral fellows who went on to scientific careers throughout the world. Scientific career Upon his arrival at Stanford, he began a collaboration with Edward Tatum , who had been working with Neurospora crassa since 1941 in collaboration with George Beadle . In this way, he was connected to the very earliest research with Neurospora. Throughout his career, he continued to work with Neurospora crassa , which he often championed as a model organism . At the time that he died in 2007, a substantial percentage of all researchers in the world who were working with Neurospora crassa had either trained with or collaborated with Perkins or one of his students or associates. Perkins is best known for his research into the control and regulation of cell division and sexual reproduction in fungi. One of the advantages to Neurospora as a model organism is that it undergoes both sexual and asexual reproduction. Working with associates, Perkins identified many of the genes that control meiosis meiotic cell division in Neurospora crassa . In the process, he made fundamental discoveries about the cellular regulation and control of meosis . Building on his discoveries about meiosis, Perkins carried out investigations into ascospore genesis. Ascospore genesis, a form of sexual reproduction ... more details
, bitunicate two layered , thick walled, and lack any specialized apparatus at the tip. The ascospore ... M. carolinensis is similar in ascospore and fruit body morphology biology morphology to the species ... more details
of the cup a tomentose appearance covered with dense, matted hairs. The ascospore spore bearing ... spherical ascospore journal Kew Bulletin volume 23 issue 3 pages 479 81 doi 10.2307 4117192 jstor 4117192 ... more details
The ascospore spores are 20 30 by 14 16 m the ascus asci spore bearing cells are 300 ... . It differs from M. floccosum by fruiting season, asci and ascospore size, and the ultrastructure ... more details
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